Annual Report 2017 - Holcim Liban S.A.L€¦ · currently stopped and should be replaced by a new scheme to support the sector. The local cement market decreased slightly by -2% staying

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Karim Fakhry • Architect • Domaine Public Architects • Beirut, Lebanon �5�D�P�L��.�K�R�X�H�L�U�\��y Architect • Domaine Public Architects • Beirut, Lebanon�-�H�D�Q��1�P�H�L�U��y��Architect • Domaine Public Architects • Beirut, Lebanon

Project Group 1

ClientPlanned startProject background

Architecture, building and civil engineering

Wael MansourSep ’16Private investment

PROJECT SUMMARY

MAIN AUTHOR(S)

GENERAL PROJECT DATA

STATEMENTS ON SUSTAINABILITY

Image 1: Context As Generative Tool

Image 2: What If The Form Was Inverted?

Image 3: Spatial Massing Image 5: Responding To Sun Orientation

LafargeHolcim Awards 2016 /17 | Submission

�5�H�F�H�Q�W�� R�Z�F�H�� G�H�Y�H�O�R�S�P�H�Q�W�V�� L�Q�� /�D�J�R�V�� H�P�E�U�D�F�H��architectural form merely as image-making. With �4�Q�D�Q�F�L�D�O�� J�D�L�Q�� D�V�� J�R�D�O�� L�P�D�J�H�� D�Q�G�� V�K�R�Z�� W�D�N�H��precedence over sustainability, social impact and spatial experience. The Otunba project adopts strict budget constraints yet utilize context and natural climate as generative tools to challenge the �S�U�H�Y�D�O�H�Q�W��R�Z�F�H��E�X�L�O�G�L�Q�J��W�\�S�R�O�R�J�\��

�,�W�� V�H�U�Y�H�V�� D�V�� D�� 5�H�[�L�E�O�H�� D�I�I�R�U�G�D�E�O�H�� V�S�D�W�L�D�O�� P�D�V�V�L�Q�J��model highly responsive to site constraints to minimize its environmental and maximize its social impact. The minimum building footprint frees the plot from excessive construction, enabling expansive public spaces and neighborhood connections. The reverse setback strategy reacts to �V�S�H�F�L�4�F�� V�L�W�H�� R�U�L�H�Q�W�D�W�L�R�Q�� F�U�H�D�W�L�Q�J�� D�� Y�R�O�X�P�H�W�U�L�F��E�U�L�V�H��V�R�O�H�L�O��V�K�D�G�L�Q�J��W�K�H��R�Z�F�H�V��E�H�O�R�Z��

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The Project serves as a spatial massing prototype �W�K�D�W�� F�D�Q�� E�H�� F�R�Q�4�J�X�U�H�G�� R�Q�� Y�D�U�L�R�X�V�� V�L�W�H�V�� $�Q��innovative manipulation of the 1916 New York zoning regulation, the reverse setback strategy can �E�H�� P�R�G�L�4�H�G�� D�F�F�R�U�G�L�Q�J�� W�R�� V�S�H�F�L�4�F�� V�L�W�H�� F�R�Q�V�W�U�D�L�Q�W�V��Rather than serve as a model for maximizing built up �D�U�H�D��Z�L�W�K��D��U�H�F�H�G�L�Q�J��5�R�R�U�S�O�D�W�H��W�K�H��U�H�Y�H�U�V�H��D�S�S�U�R�D�F�K��emphasizes a minimized footprint and expanding �X�S�S�H�U�� 5�R�R�U�V�� 7�K�L�V�� D�O�O�R�Z�V�� I�R�U�� H�[�W�H�Q�V�L�Y�H�� Y�L�D�E�O�H��communal areas on the scale of the city. The massing approach allows a minimum built up area on the ground level and maximum public space. With non-structural exterior cladding, and column free �L�Q�W�H�U�L�R�U�� S�O�D�Q�V�� D�O�O�R�Z�� I�R�U�� P�D�[�L�P�X�P�� 5�H�[�L�E�L�O�L�W�\�� 7�K�L�V��5�H�[�L�E�O�H�� P�D�V�V�L�Q�J�� S�U�R�W�R�W�\�S�H�� F�D�Q�� E�H�� U�H�S�O�L�F�D�W�H�G�� L�Q��Y�D�U�L�R�X�V�� F�R�Q�4�J�X�U�D�W�L�R�Q�V�� Z�K�L�O�H�� D�F�K�L�H�Y�L�Q�J�� W�K�H�� V�D�P�H��impact.

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The Otumba project serves as a sustainable model for construction with economical sustainable concepts that are easily replicated. With a reduced building footprint (less than twenty percent of horizontal coverage), the natural landscape is preserved. Unbuilt surfaces allow for excess rainwater absorption and the expansion of lush gardens. The innovative massing transforms the building into a volumetric brise-soleil. The project �U�H�V�S�R�Q�G�V�� W�R�� V�S�H�F�L�4�F�� V�L�W�H�� R�U�L�H�Q�W�D�W�L�R�Q�� D�Q�G�� Q�D�W�X�U�D�O�O�\��shades itself from the tropical sun on the western and southern façade. A dual layer of vegetation and �5�H�[�L�E�O�H�� O�R�X�Y�H�U�V�� R�Q�� W�K�H�� Z�H�V�W�H�U�Q�� I�D�'�D�G�H�� D�Q�G�� Q�D�W�X�U�D�O��ventilation based on the site orientation minimize the projects ecological footprint and the reliance on mechanical systems for cooling.

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With sprawling construction across the urban landscape of Lagos, developers often sequester the tenants into highly insulated projects. As built up area is emphasized, public space is often relegated from the list of priorities. Based on communication with the local community, its members felt often alienated from new developments. The Otunba project opens the site to the larger community by emphasizing extensive public space on the ground �5�R�R�U��

The open and free landscape invites the public into the site, creating viable commercial stores on the �J�U�R�X�Q�G�� 5�R�R�U�� D�Q�G�� H�Q�D�E�O�L�Q�J�� V�R�F�L�D�O�� L�Q�W�H�U�D�F�W�L�R�Q�� 7�K�H��rotating façade louvers show the intrinsic relationship and synergy between sustainability and social interaction, as they rotate and create a projection screen for an outdoor theater.

Image 4: Public Connections Image 6: Affordable and Transferable Sustainability Concepts

Image 7: Sustainability As Enabler Of Social Interaction Image 8: Volumetric Shift And Flexible Floor Plan Image 9: Northern Elevation image 10: Public Roof terrace As Culmination Of Public Flow

Recent office developments in Lagos embrace architectural form merely as image-making. With financial gain as goal, image and show take precedence over sustainability, social impact and spatial experience. The Otunba project adopts strict budget constraints yet utilize context and natural climate as generative tools to challenge the prevalent office building typology. It serves as a flexible, affordable spatial massing model highly responsive to site constraints to minimize its environmental and maximize its social impact. The minimum building footprint frees the plot from excessive construction, enabling expansive public spaces and neighborhood connections. The reverse setback strategy reacts to specific site orientation creating a volumetric brise-soleil shading the offices below.

Karim Fakhry · Architect · Domaine Public Architects · Beirut, Lebanon Rami Khoueiry · Architect · Domaine Public Architects · Beirut, LebanonJean Nmeir · Architect · Domaine Public Architects · Beirut, Lebanon

Project Group 1

Client

Planned start

Project background

The open and free landscape invites the public into the site, creating viable commercial stores on the ground floor and enabling social interaction. The rotating façade louvers show the intrinsic relationship and synergy between sustainability and social interaction, as they rotate and create a projection screen for an outdoor theater.

Volumetric Brise-Soleil: Affordable and Transferable Sustainability ConceptsThe Otumba project serves as a sustainable model for construction with economical sustainable concepts that are easily replicated. With a reduced building footprint (less than twenty percent of horizontal coverage), the natural landscape is preserved. Unbuilt surfaces allow for excess rainwater absorption and the expansion of lush gardens. The innovative massing transforms the building into a volumetric brise-soleil. The project responds to specific site orientation and naturally shades itself from the tropical sun on the western and southern façade. A dual layer of vegetation and flexible louvers on the western façade and natural ventilation based on the site orientation minimize the projects ecological footprint and the reliance on mechanical systems for cooling.

The Reverse Setback: Flexible Massing Spatial ModelThe Project serves as a spatial massing prototype that can be configured on various sites. An innovative manipulation of the 1916 New York zoning regulation, the “reverse setback strategy can be modified according to specific site constraints. Rather than serve as a model for maximizing built up area with a receding floorplate, the reverse approach emphasizes a minimized footprint and expanding upper floors. This allows for extensive viable communal areas on the scale of the city. The massing approach allows a minimum built up area on the ground level and maximum public space. With non-structural exterior cladding, and column free interior plans allow for maximum flexibility. This flexible massing prototype can be replicated in various configurations while achieving the same impact.

Sustainable Synergy: Sustainability Engaging the CommunityWith sprawling construction across the urban landscape of Lagos, developers often sequester the tenants into highly insulated projects. As built up area is emphasized, public space is often relegated from the list of priorities. Based on communication with the local community, its members felt often alienated from new developments. The Otunba project opens the site to the larger community by emphasizing extensive public space on the ground floor.


Wael Mansour

Sep ‘16

Private investment

MAIN AUTHOR(S)


PROJECT SUMMARY


OTUNBA OFFICES

Image 7: Design Details by Zoomed in plan, perspective, and 2 sections

Image 4: Design Development and exploration by layers of the design

A New Water Collection Vision For Bisri River

Rani Chamseddine • Student • Landscape Architecture • In progress • American University of Beirut (AUB) • Lebanon

Project Group 2


Landscape, urban design,transportation infrastructure and public utilitiesPublic/GovernmentNot ApplicablePublic commission

PROJECT SUMMARY

MAIN AUTHOR(S)


After Analysing the area in the fall semester, and analysing what is the impact of the dam on the area. I came with a strategy that provide an alternative of the dam to collect water from the river which will be mainly ponds, wetlands, and seasonal dams which are connected to other recreational spaces and historical sites through a trip along the site.


Image 1: The Rendered Plan Show the Design intervention starting from water features: Ponds, wetlands, and seasonal dams. In addition to other intervention which are passive and active recreational areas which are connected to the village and the water feature by a path that go along the site

Image 2: A Zoomed Perspective showing a three water systems which are 1�� S�R�Q�G�� /�R�F�D�W�H�G�� R�Q�� K�L�J�K�H�U�� 5�D�W�� V�X�U�I�D�F�H�� I�U�R�P�� W�K�H�� U�L�Y�H�U��2 terraced pond ��/�R�F�D�W�H�G��R�Q��K�L�J�K�H�U��5�D�W��V�X�U�I�D�F�H��I�U�R�P��W�K�H��U�L�Y�H�U��D�Q�G��I�D�F�L�Q�J��D��V�W�H�H�S��V�O�R�S�H��V�R��W�K�H�\��F�D�Q��W�D�N�H��U�D�L�Q��Z�D�W�H�U��D�Q�G��W�Z�R��Z�H�W�O�D�Q�G�V��Z�K�L�F�K��D�U�H��I�R�U��Z�D�W�H�U��F�R�O�O�H�F�W�L�R�Q��S�X�U�L�4�F�D�W�L�R�Q��R�I��Z�D�W�H�U��D�Q�G��H�F�R�O�R�J�L�F�D�O��V�L�W�H��D�Q�G��S�O�D�W�I�R�U�P�V��F�R�Q�Q�H�F�W�H�G��W�R��S�R�Q�G�V��Z�L�W�K��W�K�H��S�D�W�K��

Image 3: Site analysis agricultural, forests, Road Hierarchy, land use, and people uses. Project impact on site

Image 5: Design Intervention based on existing site conditions such as geology, temporality, urban, and climat

Image 6: Design Elements shown through sections,perspectives, and design typology layers diagram


The site is bisri river and valley, the area is characterised by its agricultural, forested and historical values and visited by many tourists from outside the area.In September 2017 the government is planning to build a dam in the valley to collect water from river, and thus more than 3 / 4 of the values listed above will be totally submerged. The dam will have a big impact on habits, community, and cultural character of the area.

Designing Ponds, Wetlands, and Seasonal Dams as the Dam Alternative

The main layer of my design is the water system which will act as an alternative to the dam and will be �E�H�Q�H�4�F�L�D�O�� I�R�U�� W�K�H�� H�F�R�Q�R�P�L�F�D�O�� V�R�F�L�D�O�� D�Q�G�� H�F�R�O�R�J�L�F�D�O��value of the site. The layer of water system is divided into 3 parts:-1 Ponds: 8�� S�R�Q�G�V�� D�U�H�� O�R�F�D�W�H�G�� R�Q�� K�L�J�K�H�U�� 5�D�W�� D�U�H�D��from the river level( If they are at same level it will �F�D�X�V�H�� D�� 5�R�R�G��4 of them will collect water from the river through pumps and other 4 will have terraces �Z�K�L�F�K��5�R�Z��W�K�H��V�W�H�H�S��W�R�S�R�J�U�D�S�K�\��W�K�D�W��I�D�F�H��W�K�H��S�R�Q�G�V��from behind thus it can collect rain and river water. In addition the ponds will be surrounded by recreational areas.-2 Wetlands: They are for water collection and �O�R�F�D�W�H�G�� L�Q�� D�U�H�D�V�� Z�K�H�U�H�� W�K�H�� U�L�Y�H�U�� X�V�H�� W�R�� 5�R�R�G��(Ecological site).-3 Seasonal dams: Small dams located after wetlands and they can be removed.

Designing Communal Cultural areas through passive and active recreation and Historical area

The second layer in my design is the creation of communal cultural spaces which will make the project more integrated with the site and attract people to the area.I am providing these communal cultural spaces through:-1 Active recreational areas such as play area near to existing restaurant, and play area for adults in a well dense pine forest.-2 Passive recreational areas which are three amphitheater in existing gathering spots, sittings along the trail that go all over the site.-3 the trail that connect all these areas with the village of bisri and with the ponds through platforms (part of the trail) which will be also for recreation around the ponds by having two kind of sittings for view and other one near the pond. Other platforms will be near to the historical areas.

Highlighting the importance of the ecological value of the site

The last layer in my design will be highlighting the importance of the riparian forest by :

* Making the trail that have some sittings on its edges go within these forest that have mix of vegetation

*Adding trees from same species of the riparian forest in the recreational areas to provide shade and make the project more integrated with its context.

The site is bisri river and valley, the area is characterised by its agricultural, forested and historical values and visited by many tourists from outside the area.In September 2017 the government is planning to build a dam in the valley to collect water from river, and thus more than 3 / 4 of the values listed above will be totally submerged. The dam will have a big impact on habits, community, and cultural character of the area. After Analysing the area in the fall semester, and analysing what is the impact of the dam on the area. I came with a strategy that provide an alternative of the dam to collect water from the river which will be mainly ponds, wetlands, and seasonal dams which are connected to other recreational spaces and historical sites through a trip along the site.

Designing Ponds, Wetlands, and Seasonal Dams as the Dam AlternativeThe main layer of my design is the water system which will act as an alternative to the dam and will be beneficial for the economical, social ,and ecological value of the site. The layer of water system is divided into 3 parts:1- Ponds: 8 ponds are located on higher flat area from the river level( If they are at same level it will cause a flood), 4 of them will collect water from the river through pumps and other 4 will have terraces which flow the steep topography that face the ponds from behind thus it can collect rain and river water. In addition the ponds will be surrounded by recreational areas.2- Wetlands: They are for water collection and located in areas where the river use to flood, (Ecological site).3- Seasonal dams: Small dams located after wetlands and they can be removed.

Highlighting the importance of the ecological value of the siteThe last layer in my design will be highlighting the importance of the riparian forest by :* Making the trail that have some sittings on its edges go within these forest that have mix of vegetation*Adding trees from same species of the riparian forest in the recreational areas to provide shade and make the project more integrated with its context.

Rani Chamseddine · Student · Landscape Architecture · In progress · American University of Beirut (AUB) · Lebanon

Designing Communal Cultural areas through passive and active recreation and Historical areaThe second layer in my design is the creation of communal cultural spaces which will make the project more integrated with the site and attract people to the area.I am providing these communal cultural spaces through:1- Active recreational areas such as play area near to existing restaurant, and play area for adults in a well dense pine forest.2- Passive recreational areas which are three amphitheater in existing gathering spots, sittings along the trail that go all over the site.3- the trail that connect all these areas with the village of bisri and with the ponds through platforms (part of the trail) which will be also for recreation around the ponds by having two kind of sittings for view and other one near the pond. Other platforms will be near to the historical areas.

PROJECT SUMMARY MAIN AUTHOR(S)


A NEW WATER COLLECTION VISION FOR BISRI RIVER

Project Group 2

ClientPlanned start

Project background

Landscape, urban design,transportation infrastructureand public utilitiesPublic/GovernmentNot Applicable

Public commission


Image 7: A Seasonal War

Image 4: Civil War Timeline, from daily newspapers

Image 9: Lighting and Features

Urban Scar

Nour Farhat · Architect · London · United Kingdom Landscape Architect · Completed · Yaser Abunnasr American University of Beirut · LebanonYasmine Farhat · Planner · Beirut · Lebanon Urban Planning and Policy · In progress · Mona Harb American University of Beirut · Lebanon

PROJECT SUMMARY

MAIN AUTHOR(S)

What the city is missing is a memorial for the war and a green breathing space to enhance the urban living quality. Due to the lack of spaces the chosen site is a buildings. Thus, the project attempts to Re-conceptualize an iconic abandoned buildings and treat it as landscapes, giving back to the city a sense of nature within its own fabric.


Image 1: This proposal acts as an expression of how landscape architecture can intervene on an architectural site while expressing and commemorating unwritten history of Lebanese conflicts. The lines are blurred between the natural and the built. The Landscape colonizes the core of the building acting like a living sculpture at the urban scale.

Image 2: The core of the building is treated like an outdoor open space. Built up platforms and stairs allow visitors from the lower level to reach the highest point. The promenade is designed in a way that follows the rythm of the war, connecting and disrupting flows. Vegetation spills over from floor to floor and even beyond the facade. A play on the height of ceiling, intensity of light and density of vegetation highlight the dynamism and element of surprise that was highly felt during the civil war.

Image 3: A City- Scale Impact Image 5: Rythmic Pattern of the Civil War Image 6: Rythmic Circulation

Image 8: Architecture Hosting Landscapes


In highly urbanized cities and populations on the rise, green open spaces are becoming rare to find. Beirut has witnessed its largest green open spaces as a demarcation line during the civil war, This green patch has left a great scar on the city and strongly affected its people.The initiative is to recreate that lines as a healing line for those who have lived the war and as an archive of memories for the coming generations to learn from it.

Place & Memory Archive

Sustainability is mainly about meeting the needs of future generations. In Beirut, the history of what truly happened during the civil war is still unresolved. Born in 1993 and 1994, we come from the post-war generation, knowing nothing about the civil war. Only a few building bearing bullet holes give us a hint about a turbulent past.This is a very important gap, which prevents the city from learning from its own mistakes. Thus building a civil war memorial is extremely necessary.The way this memorial is designed is based on the constructivism theory, whereas it focused on engaging the visitors through experience.Also, history is told by the people themselves sharing their sides of the stories on writable surfaces. Thus archiving the history of the city from its people.

Planet - Self Sufficient Landscapes

When a built site is abandoned, it starts losing its rigidity and is claimed back by nature. Even in the most urbanized context, some plants seem to find their way through cracked concrete surfaces allowing for natural habitat & life. Most of these plant species are usually seen as parasite plants and unwanted vegetation, however most are native species, and can be distinguished landscape features if properly laid out. In this proposal, the plants found on site have been identified, mixed with more diverse Mediterranean vegetation thus resulting in a very lush low cost, low maintenance proposal.

Progress & Prosperity - Private Public Blend

Typically, the landscape is laid out on the ground floor and private spaces are stacked up into building blocks, thus maximizing the investment in private areas. This proposal shift around the layout. The landscape strip is narrowed down at the ground floor, and climbs all the way up building. Creating a green open space within its core. In addition, the green strip is anchored around the central circulation of the building thus providing addition breathing space throughout the vertical structure with minimal private areas loss.

As a result, the monetary value is maintained and the quality of spaces is optimized.Private spaces will be rented out as offices, design studio, exhibition spaces and platform for cultural activities, enhancing the public-private interaction.

Image 10: Planting Scheme and Ambiance

Client


Project Group 2 Landscape, urban design,transportation infrastructure and public utilitiesHoliday Inn shareholders

Intervention Reconstruction/rehabilitationProject background Research project

In highly urbanized cities and populations on the rise, green open spaces are becoming rare to find. Beirut has witnessed its largest green open spaces as a demarcation line during the civil war, This green patch has left a great scar on the city and strongly affected its people.The initiative is to recreate that lines as a healing line for those who have lived the war and as an archive of memories for the coming generations to learn from it. What the city is missing is a memorial for the war and a green breathing space to enhance the urban living quality. Due to the lack of spaces the chosen site is a buildings. Thus, the project attempts to Re-conceptualize an iconic abandoned buildings and treat it as landscapes, giving back to the city a sense of nature within its own fabric.

Place & Memory ArchiveSustainability is mainly about meeting the needs of future generations. In Beirut, the history of what truly happened during the civil war is still unresolved. Born in 1993 and 1994, we come from the post-war generation, knowing nothing about the civil war. Only a few building bearing bullet holes give us a hint about a turbulent past.This is a very important gap, which prevents the city from learning from its own mistakes. Thus building a civil war memorial is extremely necessary.The way this memorial is designed is based on the constructivism theory, whereas it focused on engaging the visitors through experience.Also, history is told by the people themselves sharing their sides of the stories on writable surfaces. Thus archiving the history of the city from its people.

Progress & Prosperity - Private Public BlendTypically, the landscape is laid out on the ground floor and private spaces are stacked up into building blocks, thus maximizing the investment in private areas. This proposal shift around the layout. The landscape strip is narrowed down at the ground floor, and climbs all the way up building. Creating a green open space within its core. In addition, the green strip is anchored around the central circulation of the building thus providing addition breathing space throughout the vertical structure with minimal private areas loss.

Nour Farhat · Architect · London · United Kingdom Landscape Architect · Completed · Yaser Abunnasr American University of Beirut · LebanonYasmine Farhat · Planner · Beirut · Lebanon Urban Planning and Policy · In progress · Mona Harb American University of Beirut · Lebanon

Planet - Self Sufficient LandscapesWhen a built site is abandoned, it starts losing its rigidity and is claimed back by nature. Even in the most urbanized context, some plants seem to find their way through cracked concrete surfaces allowing for natural habitat & life. Most of these plant species are usually seen as parasite plants and unwanted vegetation, however most are native species, and can be distinguished landscape features if properly laid out. In this proposal, the plants found on site have been identified, mixed with more diverse Mediterranean vegetation thus resulting in a very lush low cost, low maintenance proposal.

As a result, the monetary value is maintained and the quality of spaces is optimized.Private spaces will be rented out as offices, design studio, exhibition spaces and platform for cultural activities, enhancing the public-private interaction.



URBAN SCAR

Project Group 2

ClientIntervention

Project background

Landscape, urban design,transportation infrastructureand public utilitiesHoliday Inn shareholdersReconstruction/rehabilitation

Research project


Image 7: Etabs model of the parking

Revitalization of an Existing Community in Lebanon

PROJECT SUMMARY

Ghia El Rifai · Student · Mostafa Kabalan · Student Jihan Salem · Student · Rania Ghalayini · Student Civil and Environmental Engineer · In progress · Dr. Issam Srour and Dr. Aram Yeretzian · American University of Beirut · Lebanon

MAIN AUTHOR(S)

Project Group 1


Architecture, building and civilengineering

American University of BeirutNot ApplicableResearch project


Solutions include implementing water harvesting systems, green roofs and solar panels, and developing a pedestrian zone and a wood workshop in the area. The area was characterized according to different criteria and a survey was done to know the demands of the locals. Cost Analysis will also be done to know the budget.


Image 1: The location of the area chosen with respect to Beirut

Image 2: A SketchUp model of the area

Image 3: Etabs model for a sample low rise building for the green roofs

Image 5: Pedestrian Zone in the area shaded in light blue Image 6: Plan view of the parking

Image 8: Etabs model of the workshop


The project aims to develop an area of 189178 m2 located in Bashoura, Beirut which is a highly urbanized and challenging area with a population of 9650 people. It is an area of high traffic and people congestion and has electricity and water shortage. Citizens there are not living in ideal conditions and are mostly considered low-income families. The projects objective is to improve the quality of life in terms of water and energy supply, traffic, and job opportunities.

Environmental Perspective

Green roofs will be implemented to reduce the building energy consumption, green back the city, and increase biodiversity, and a household can save up to 20% of its electric bill and consumption when using solar water heaters. Therefore,it was found that green roofs were most efficient for low rise buildings while solar panels were more effective for high rise buildings.In the water field a rooftop harvesting system for medium rise buildings was developed to reduce the water shortage. Harvesting water in a very condensed area is highly challenging. The ideal option would be to rehabilitate the infrastructure but this is not feasible in the chosen area since these projects are typically done on a large scale level. For this reason only localized solutions are feasible.

Economical aspect

The area is famous for its antique shops. Thus, a pedestrian zone will be done in the street where the antique shops are located boosting the economy and appealing more customers to the shops. To make the pedestrian zone accessible, a multi-story parking will be done on the edge of the zone. Moreover, to increase the availability of job opportunities in the area, a wood workshop was chosen to be implemented in the area since it complements the already skills of the residents.

Social Aspect

A pedestrian zone in the area will bring people together, force them to interact with each other, and be involved together in various activities. This will increase the harmony between the locals in the area. Moreover, a wood workshop will involve the cooperation between wood owner shops.

Image 4: SketchUp model for the sample low rise building with a green roof

The project aims to develop an area of 189178 m2 located in Bashoura, Beirut which is a highly urbanized and challenging area with a population of 9650 people. It is an area of high traffic and people congestion and has electricity and water shortage. Citizens there are not living in ideal conditions and are mostly considered low-income families. The projects objective is to improve the quality of life in terms of water and energy supply, traffic, and job opportunities. Solutions include implementing water harvesting systems, green roofs and solar panels, and developing a pedestrian zone and a wood workshop in the area. The area was characterized according to different criteria and a survey was done to know the demands of the locals. Cost Analysis will also be done to know the budget.

Ghia El Rifai · Student · Mostafa Kabalan · Student Jihan Salem · Student · Rania Ghalayini · Student Civil and Environmental Engineer · In progress · Dr. Issam Srour and Dr. Aram Yeretzian · American University of Beirut · Lebanon

Project Group 1

Client

Planned start

Project background

Economical aspectThe area is famous for its antique shops. Thus, a pedestrian zone will be done in the street where the antique shops are located boosting the economy and appealing more customers to the shops. To make the pedestrian zone accessible, a multi-story parking will be done on the edge of the zone. Moreover, to increase the availability of job opportunities in the area, a wood workshop was chosen to be implemented in the area since it complements the already skills of the residents.

Environmental PerspectiveGreen roofs will be implemented to reduce the building energy consumption, green back the city, and increase biodiversity, and a household can save up to 20% of its electric bill and consumption when using solar water heaters. Therefore,it was found that green roofs were most efficient for low rise buildings while solar panels were more effective for high rise buildings.In the water field a rooftop harvesting system for medium rise buildings was developed to reduce the water shortage. Harvesting water in a very condensed area is highly challenging. The ideal option would be to rehabilitate the infrastructure but this is not feasible in the chosen area since these projects are typically done on a large scale level. For this reason only localized solutions are feasible.

Social AspectA pedestrian zone in the area will bring people together, force them to interact with each other, and be involved together in various activities. This will increase the harmony between the locals in the area. Moreover, a wood workshop will involve the cooperation between wood owner shops.

Architecture, building and civilengineering

American University of Beirut

Not Applicable

Research project

MAIN AUTHOR(S)


PROJECT SUMMARY


REVITALIZATION OF AN EXISTING COMMUNITY IN LEBANON

Image 7: Samples production

Agricultural Center in Rural South Lebanon

Roy Kazzi · Student · Bseba · Elie Kareh · Student · Boutchay · Boulos Habibi · Student · FKfarchima · Ali Hajj · Student · Baabda · Freddy Khoury · Student · Hazmieh · Civil and Environmental Engineering · In progressMounir Mabsout · American University of Beirut Lebanon

PROJECT SUMMARY

MAIN AUTHOR(S)

Project Group 1

Client

Planned startProject background

Architecture, building and civilengineeringCenter for Civic Engagement and Community ServiceAug '17Private commission



Image 1: Sketch Up Model for proposed building and site

Image 2: Current Site: Only retaining walls have been built previously

Image 3: Etabs Structural Analysis Model Showing Deformations Image 5: Architectural placement and use of rooms in the building Image 6: Rammed earth sample cylinders to be tested for compressive strent


Marwaheen is a village located in Southern Lebanon at the borders of Lebanon and Palestine. The Center for Civic Engagement and Community Service (CCECS) has proposed the establishment of an agricultural center that will serve the local farmers by providing them with the proper farming expertise and supplying them with products needed for sustainable agriculture.

The main aim of the center is to update cultivation practices, introduce rainwater harvesting as a modern water management technique, and employ the areas of uncultivated public communal land. This project will be built with sustainability in mind and will employ environmentally friendly materials and systems

Carbon footprint reduction through rammed earth technology

The rammed earth concept emerged from the belief that one should reduce the carbon footprint of construction. Instead of building compression members from concrete, the group chose to use the soil present on the site for that purpose. A mixture of site extracted clay, construction sand, lime, water and

Image 7: Site study and visual photographs

Image 4: Master plan and comparison of site to surrounding

Image 9: Section through water tower and river

Landscape as a Machine

Helena Homsi · Student · Beirut Mira Aljawahiry · Student · BeirutArchitecture · In progress · Carla AramounyAmerican University of Beirut · Lebanon

Project Group 2


Landscape, urban design,transportation infrastructureand public utilities ResidentialNot ApplicableResearch project

PROJECT SUMMARY

MAIN AUTHOR(S)


STATEMENTS ON SUSTAINABILITYImage 1: Vision: a space revitalized throughout various interventions

Image 2: Technology: Custom built machinery that guide the intervention and layout of the project

Image 3: Closed recycling system Image 5: Grey spaces spread out through Baabda and their nature Image 6: Magical intervention on site and several proposals for other grey spaces

Image 8: Section through residential cluster


Image 10: Blue foam and 3D printed models

30 tons of waste per day. 150 liters of water per person per day. 5KW of energy needed per household per day. These records reflect the consumption rates of the residents of Baabda. In fact, in the last twenty years, Lebanon has witnessed a significant increase in urbanization, from its narrow coastal all the way into the mountains. Baabda is a recently developed urban city in the mountains of the country.

Beirut is the image of the new trend of hyper-urbanization. There is no real infrastructure, no water systems or waste organization scheme. The city has become a chaotic laboratory.

Terrain Vague

A terrain vague is timeless. It has a sense of magic and freedom where raw nature and raw urbanization meet to generate a post-nature. These zones are neither urban nor natural yet new natural typology emerges. The terrain vague should not be seen as a simple wasteland. It assumes a certain sense or fascination and sublimity.The general purpose of this project is to test new possibilities of intruding on the landscape, where nature becomes a living system offering an urban-like experience. We challenge the antiquated alienation of current reigning architecture by intensifying a human-ecology interaction.

Core production

The intervention in the land is the genesis to an entire new way of living. With a recycling system anchored in the core coordination alongside a circular economy that provides the maximum positive impact, the terrain vague is reborn. The use of renewable energy is the secret to a long lasting scheme.The habitants are able to experience the site differently at various heights. Each residential cluster is composed of a water tower as well as a parking tower, allowing each unit to collect the necessary resources for its survival, them being water and electricity, through methods that benefit the environment.

Interacting with the Landscape

Through careful excavation, the underground space is given an importance in the coherent design of the project. The interaction of the human with the ecology is intensified. Spaces in which a human-animal interaction is possible through elevated seating areas and tunnels create a sense of harmony. Bike paths where the greenery can be admired through minimal contact and gardens that correlate with the fish in the aquaponics system to form a coherent life cycle highlight the intimate aspects of nature. Therefore, this site is able to create an entirely new and healthy ecosystem and maximize the positive impact on site.

We are no longer outsiders in our own city.

30 tons of waste per day. 150 liters of water per person per day. 5KW of energy needed per household per day. These records reflect the consumption rates of the residents of Baabda. In fact, in the last twenty years, Lebanon has witnessed a significant increase in urbanization, from its narrow coastal all the way into the mountains. Baabda is a recently developed urban city in the mountains of the country. Beirut is the image of the new trend of hyper-urbanization. There is no real infrastructure, no water systems or waste organization scheme. The city has become a chaotic laboratory.

Terrain Vague A terrain vague is timeless. It has a sense of magic and freedom where raw nature and raw urbanization meet to generate a post-nature. These zones are neither urban nor natural yet new natural typology emerges. The terrain vague should not be seen as a simple wasteland. It assumes a certain sense or fascination and sublimity.The general purpose of this project is to test new possibilities of intruding on the landscape, where nature becomes a living system offering an urban-like experience. We challenge the antiquated alienation of current reigning architecture by intensifying a human-ecology interaction.

Interacting with the LandscapeThrough careful excavation, the underground space is given an importance in the coherent design of the project. The interaction of the human with the ecology is intensified. Spaces in which a human-animal interaction is possible through elevated seating areas and tunnels create a sense of harmony. Bike paths where the greenery can be admired through minimal contact and gardens that correlate with the fish in the aquaponics system to form a coherent life cycle highlight the intimate aspects of nature. Therefore, this site is able to create an entirely new and healthy ecosystem and maximize the positive impact on site.We are no longer outsiders in our own city.

Helena Homsi · Student · Beirut Mira Aljawahiry · Student · BeirutArchitecture · In progress · Carla AramounyAmerican University of Beirut · Lebanon

Core productionThe intervention in the land is the genesis to an entire new way of living. With a recycling system anchored in the core coordination alongside a circular economy that provides the maximum positive impact, the terrain vague is reborn. The use of renewable energy is the secret to a long lasting scheme.The habitants are able to experience the site differently at various heights. Each residential cluster is composed of a water tower as well as a parking tower, allowing each unit to collect the necessary resources for its survival, them being water and electricity, through methods that benefit the environment.



LANDSCAPE AS A MACHINE

Project Group 2

ClientPlanned start

Project background

Landscape, urban design,transportation infrastructureand public utilitiesResidentialNot Applicable

Research project


Image 9: Interior 3-D view of the designed school drawn using Revit

Sustainable Earth Structures for Displaced Populations

Alaa Itani · Student · Beirut · Lebanon ·Nada Jammal · Student · Beirut · Lebanon ·Mohamad Hallal · Student · Beirut · Lebanon · Rawan Ramadan · Student · Beirut · LebanonSamia Zein · Student · Beirut · Lebanon Civil Engineering · In progress · Professor Salah Sadek ([email protected]) · American University of Beirut · Lebanon

Project Group 3


Not ApplicableNot ApplicableAcademic research

Materials, products and construction technologies

PROJECT SUMMARY

MAIN AUTHOR(S)


STATEMENTS ON SUSTAINABILITY Image 1: Material used in rammed earth construction with 94% readily available soil, 4% natural hydraulic lime, and 2% cement, as this mix has proven to be the most feasible and sustainable mix for constructing temporary and secure housing for displaced populations

Image 2: 3-D model of the designed school for Syrian refugees in Beqaa Valley, Lebanon using 4% lime and 2% cement as stabilizers. All windows and doors are according to standard sizes. Natural ventilation is provided by the two openings at the sides of the roof

Image 3: Soil Excavation in Beqaa Valley where the soil was used for lab testing and casting samples

Image 5: Cylindrical samples with various stabilizers after the 1st cycle of wetting-drying durability test

Image 6: Plan view of the proposed school for Syrian refugees in Beqaa Valley, Lebanon

Image 8: Settlement values, in mm x 10 to the power -3, of the designed structure


The unresolved conflict in Syria and the fragile governance of the Lebanese Government continue to force Syrian refugees to live under exposed conditions. In light of these challenges, there is a need to establish new low-cost collective shelters that are temporary but secure. This materials research project studies the strength properties of rammed earth structures based on extensive experimental testing. Adding a low percentage of stabilizer such as lime or cement to soil generates a load bearing structure that is sustainable, temporary, and secure. Involving refugees in the construction of their own shelter while creating a clean environment helps in improving their living conditions. This research project also proposes a school design as an application of rammed earth construction.

Progress: A Pioneering Approach in Sustainable Construction

Rammed earth construction is a simple approach that uses local soil with simple equipment to provide low-cost sustainable shelters for displaced populations. As such, constructing rammed earth walls does not entail extensive training and effort.These structures follow the trend of green buildings using environmental friendly materials that are readily available. These temporary housing units are designed to replace unsafe tents and container houses to provide to replace unsafe tents and container houses to provide better living standards as this sustainable material was proven to meet all design requirements presented in design codes. The material consists of more than 90% soil which allows it to act as a temperature moderator between outside and inside the structure.

Planet: Eco-Friendly Structures

Rammed earth construction is an environmental friendly alternative to the currently adopted housing structures for the displaced people. Earth construction implies the use of locally available soil stabilized with relatively low percentages of stabilizers (6%), which decreases the energy embodied in the structure. Moreover, this low cost option cuts off transportation of materials to the desired site and reduces the use of machinery for building were it uses primitive means and equipment that are manually operated by refugees without energy supply. This fact has a significant advantage of minimizing the Carbon footprint and energy embodied in the construction. Moreover, demolition of earth walls and recycling the material by crushing it to get the natural soil back is an easy process.

People: Refugees Building their own Sustainable Shelters

Rammed earth construction is designed as a low cost sustainable alternative for the increasing demand of housing disabled people. Knowing that these people are currently living in sub-standard shelters, there is an urge to find a solution to this rising issue. The construction of rammed earth structures will not only provide secure, environmental, and clean structures but will also incorporate the efforts of refugees by manually building their own shelters.

The proposed design project will refurbish the education culture for refugees after they have been banned from one of the most essential rights due to their displacement. In addition, this opportunity serves as a job experience for the workers that are mostly unemployed.

Image 4: Cylinderical sample under splitting test to determine the tensile strength of the proposed material

Image 7: Structural design of the proposed school structure using Etabs software

The unresolved conflict in Syria and the fragile governance of the Lebanese Government continue to force Syrian refugees to live under exposed conditions. In light of these challenges, there is a need to establish new low-cost collective shelters that are temporary but secure. This materials research project studies the strength properties of rammed earth structures based on extensive experimental testing. Adding a low percentage of stabilizer such as lime or cement to soil generates a load bearing structure that is sustainable, temporary, and secure. Involving refugees in the construction of their own shelter while creating a clean environment helps in improving their living conditions. This research project also proposes a school design as an application of rammed earth construction.

Alaa Itani · Student · Beirut · Lebanon ·Nada Jammal · Student · Beirut · Lebanon ·Mohamad Hallal · Student · Beirut · Lebanon · Rawan Ramadan · Student · Beirut · LebanonSamia Zein · Student · Beirut · Lebanon Civil Engineering · In progress · Professor Salah Sadek ([email protected]) · American University of Beirut · Lebanon

Project Group 1

Client

Planned start

Project background

Planet: Eco-Friendly StructuresRammed earth construction is an environmental friendly alternative to the currently adopted housing structures for the displaced people. Earth construction implies the use of locally available soil stabilized with relatively low percentages of stabilizers (6%), which decreases the energy embodied in the structure. Moreover, this low cost option cuts off transportation of materials to the desired site and reduces the use of machinery for building were it uses primitive means and equipment that are manually operated by refugees without energy supply. This fact has a significant advantage of minimizing the Carbon footprint and energy embodied in the construction. Moreover, demolition of earth walls and recycling the material by crushing it to get the natural soil back is an easy process.

The proposed design project will refurbish the education culture for refugees after they have been banned from one of the most essential rights due to their displacement. In addition, this opportunity serves as a job experience for the workers that are mostly unemployed.

Progress: A Pioneering Approach in Sustainable ConstructionRammed earth construction is a simple approach that uses local soil with simple equipment to provide low-cost sustainable shelters for displaced populations. As such, constructing rammed earth walls does not entail extensive training and effort.These structures follow the trend of green buildings using environmental friendly materials that are readily available. These temporary housing units are designed to replace unsafe tents and container houses to provide to replace unsafe tents and container houses to provide better living standards as this sustainable material was proven to meet all design requirements presented in design codes. The material consists of more than 90% soil which allows it to act as a temperature moderator between outside and inside the structure.

People: Refugees Building their own Sustainable SheltersRammed earth construction is designed as a low cost sustainable alternative for the increasing demand of housing disabled people. Knowing that these people are currently living in sub-standard shelters, there is an urge to find a solution to this rising issue. The construction of rammed earth structures will not only provide secure, environmental, and clean structures but will also incorporate the efforts of refugees by manually building their own shelters.

Materials, products and construction technologiesNot Applicable

Not Applicable

Academic research

MAIN AUTHOR(S)


PROJECT SUMMARY


SUSTAINABLE EARTH STRUCTURES FOR DISPLACED POPULATIONS

Image 7: Sections showing different typologies for a self sustaining system

Image 9: A volumetric expression of how the units will sit on the slope

Erasure City

Manar Khatib · Student · Beirut · Lebanon · Zeina Bekhaazi · Student · Beirut · Lebanon · Architecture · In progress · Carla Aramouny · American University of Beirut · Lebanon

PROJECT SUMMARY

MAIN AUTHOR(S)

Project Group 1



Residents of the projectNot ApplicableResearch project


STATEMENTS ON SUSTAINABILITY Image 1: Collage showing the process of construction that results from the deconstruction of the existing buildings. The existing structures are demolished and replaced by 3d printed strips made of recycled concrete. Through the process of recycling, the deconstructed waste is treated which prevents its accumulation at the bottom of the valley.

Image 2: Section cut through a series of units with multiple functions and typologies. The programs vary between public (market) and private (residential dwellings). The drawing includes two typologies: vertical strips with green roofs and bridges with bioswales for the collection of water. Some of the units are distanced from each other to allow the integration of landscape.

Image 3: Upper pictures showing the buildings on the mountain and lower pictures depict the idea of erasure

Image 5: Diagrams explaining the work of the machine and the treatment of concrete from the deconstruction

Image 6: Mass Plan showing relationship between different potential sites

Image 8: Sections showing different typologies for a self sustaining system


The last two decades have witnessed relentless encroachment of urbanization from the geographically narrow coastal zone of Lebanon, eastward towards the mountains. However, the uncontrolled construction of these new urban areas has resulted in the rapid destruction of the natural landscape and the alienation of the built form from the environment. Bchemoun is a new urban area that suffers from an overload of construction sites. These constructions neglect the presence of the mountains slope and are simply plugged in on the site.

What if we erase and deconstruct these brutal buildings and re-use their materials (concrete) for the creation of new sustainable strips? The project integrates the landscape and combines a waste-to-energy plant and is aimed to re-promote the village identity.

Economy of Construction: From Deconstruction Waste to Construction Material

The failed infrastructure of Lebanon is observed in Bchemouns mountain where numerous construction sites are built in a brutal and haphazard way. Buildings are plugged in without taking into consideration the slope. The deconstruction of the buildings in strips produces debris that are left at the bottom of valleys transforming it into dumping sites.However, the demolition waste contains elements that, after crushing processes, can be recollected such as aggregates, essentials in the composition of concrete. Aggregates are re-cycled for the production of self-healing concrete and translucent concrete, used for the construction of the units. A cradle-to-cradle cycle that reduces the waste left in valleys. The re-cycled concrete will be 3d printed to form the layers of the strip.

What if we could live sustainably and close to nature?

The existing concrete buildings do not show any connection to nature. The project calls for a synthetic relationship between architecture and the natural landscape, allowing the continuity and gradient between nature and culture, ground and building. The units sit more gently on the slope and the project incorporates various sustainable features such as green roofs and rainwater collection systems such as ponds and bioswales. It also integrates a variety of units: Through their specific location and types, the units offer vital services to the community as whole such as the production of renewable energy and the natural processing of waste. Wind turbines, used next to the units that form the waste to energy plant, produce electricity for the residential parts of the project.

Not another repetitive residential dwelling: a sustainable solution for dense living

As a response to the increasing urbanization of villages, huge real estates are taking over the mountains that currently suffer from an overload of repetitive residential blocks that do not connect to nature. The project offers new and diverse typology for dense living and promotes living in nature. Landscape is integrated between the units allowing for an indoor and outdoor circulation. The units connect also horizontally and hence, create an indoor atmosphere that promotes social integrity and interaction.

The project offers a multiplicity of functions; it includes multiple dwellings with infrastructural systems and public activities, sited on a mountainous terrain.

Image 4: Diagram showing the idea of the vertical strips that will replace the existing buildings

The last two decades have witnessed relentless encroachment of urbanization from the geographically narrow coastal zone of Lebanon, eastward towards the mountains. However, the uncontrolled construction of these new urban areas has resulted in the rapid destruction of the natural landscape and the alienation of the built form from the environment. Bchemoun is a new urban area that suffers from an overload of construction sites. These constructions neglect the presence of the mountains slope and are simply plugged in on the site. What if we erase and deconstruct these brutal buildings and re-use their materials (concrete) for the creation of new sustainable strips? The project integrates the landscape and combines a waste-to-energy plant and is aimed to re-promote the village identity.

Economy of Construction: From Deconstruction Waste to Construction MaterialThe failed infrastructure of Lebanon is observed in Bchemouns mountain where numerous construction sites are built in a brutal and haphazard way. Buildings are plugged in without taking into consideration the slope. The deconstruction of the buildings in strips produces debris that are left at the bottom of valleys transforming it into dumping sites.However, the demolition waste contains elements that, after crushing processes, can be recollected such as aggregates, essentials in the composition of concrete. Aggregates are re-cycled for the production of self-healing concrete and translucent concrete, used for the construction of the units. A cradle-to-cradle cycle that reduces the waste left in valleys. The re-cycled concrete will be 3d printed to form the layers of the strip.

Not another repetitive residential dwelling: a sustainable solution for dense livingAs a response to the increasing urbanization of villages, huge real estates are taking over the mountains that currently suffer from an overload of repetitive residential blocks that do not connect to nature. The project offers new and diverse typology for dense living and promotes living in nature. Landscape is integrated between the units allowing for an indoor and outdoor circulation. The units connect also horizontally and hence, create an indoor atmosphere that promotes social integrity and interaction.

Manar Khatib · Student · Beirut · Lebanon · Zeina Bekhaazi · Student · Beirut · Lebanon · Architecture · In progress · Carla Aramouny · American University of Beirut · Lebanon

What if we could live sustainably and close to nature?

The existing concrete buildings do not show any connection to nature. The project calls for a synthetic relationship between architecture and the natural landscape, allowing the continuity and gradient between nature and culture, ground and building. The units sit more gently on the slope and the project incorporates various sustainable features such as green roofs and rainwater collection systems such as ponds and bioswales. It also integrates a variety of units: Through their specific location and types, the units offer vital services to the community as whole such as the production of renewable energy and the natural processing of waste. Wind turbines, used next to the units that form the waste to energy plant, produce electricity for the residential parts of the project.

The project offers a multiplicity of functions; it includes multiple dwellings with infrastructural systems and public activities, sited on a mountainous terrain.



ERASURE CITY

Project Group 2

ClientPlanned start

Project background

Architecture, building and civil engineeringResidents of the projectNot Applicable

Research project


Image 7: Installing the wooden door frame.

The Sand and Pipes Shelter

Sara Maassarani · Academic · Tripoli · Lebanon Saleh Al Zannar · Architect · Tripoli · Lebanon Fatima Belok · Academic · Tripoli · Lebanon

Project Group 1 Architecture, building and civil engineering


N/ANot ApplicableResearch project

PROJECT SUMMARY

MAIN AUTHOR(S)


STATEMENTS ON SUSTAINABILITY Image 1: The 1:1 scale model of the proposed shelter unit. The first prototype to be tested. Following the design proposal and environmental simulation, the first prototype was built to further test the functionality of the shelter unit. The construction system being innovative, it had to be tested on a real scale. The photo shows the front elevation of the shelter unit, with the door used to give identity to the unit by work of art.

Image 2: Flexibility of the shelter unit (part that can be used as a vending space). The interior partitions continue to preserve the privacy of the interior when the steel door is opened. This movable part also gives the unit a semi outdoor space that the family can use in hot weather.

Image 3: Galvanized steel pipes structure of the unit. The modular size prevents waste.

Image 5: Filling the walls with sand for insulation. Image 6: Wooden pallet floors that can be easily replaced in case of damage.

Image 8: Insulated roof (2 layers corrugated sheets with insulation)


This project is part of the fulfillment of a Masters in Architectural Engineering program. The aim was to design and build a 1:1 scale prototype for a transitional shelter than can be used in emergency situations for refugees. The city of Tripoli has seen a major influx of refugees from Syria since 2011, and the situation has caused a lot of strain on the infrastructure of the city. The refugees are living in poor conditions, but their efforts to improve their situation with what little they have inspired the idea of the project of empowering the refugees.

The shelter can be assembled by nonskilled labor using local material that can be easily attained then easily disassembled and reused when the shelter is no longer needed. The 19 m2 area of the shelter is maximized for a family of five.

Innovative wall design

Sand is the main component used in the shelter design for insulation. After studying Anwar Khalili's "Sandbag Houses" we wanted to apply the same concept while minimizing wall thickness (10 cm thick wall) and find a way to make a square shaped shelter unit to allow the optimum use of space within a camp of shelters. For this purpose, we used waterproof fabric that was divided by sewing into 10 cm wide pockets to be filled with sand. Dividing the fabric into vertical pockets would minimize the buckling of sand. In order to add stiffness to the fabric walls, PVC water pipes were added at critical points of the wall. The walls can be easily dismantled and sand emptied from the fabric which would reduce the weight of the shelter unit during its transportation.

All material of the shelter can be reused and recycled

All the material used in the shelter can be either salvaged to be reused in the shelter, or they can be dismantled and reused in other projects when the shelter is no longer needed:

1. Structure: Galvanized Steel Pipes (with joints)2. Walls: Fabric + PVC Pipes + Sand3. Roof: Double corrugated sheet with insulation4. Floor: Wooden Pallets

The assembly of the project was based on bolts and screws, nothing was welded. The whole shelter can be easily disassembled without any damage to its material.

Users involvement and comfort

The construction methods for the shelter are very basic and can be performed by non-skilled labor. This means the family who would occupy the shelter can build it and use it giving the people a sense of belonging. The modular design of the shelter allows it to be customized to the family's needs whether in horizontal or vertical extension. Moreover, the shelter is flexible enough to include different social aspects of the family's daily life:

1. Flexible interior furniture to optimize the use of the limited space2. Movable interior partitions for privacy3. An additional door that allows part of the unit to become as an outer terrace (or a vending space)

The thermal comfort of the users is also part of the design. The shelter needs minimal heating and cooling means in extreme weather.

Image 4: Preparation of fabric wall by adding the PVC pipes

Image 9: Top left corner: hanging storage space for mattresses, Bottom right: Folding double height bed.

Image 10: The floor pallet made into chairs and tables that go back to being floor pallets when not in use.

This project is part of the fulfillment of a Masters in Architectural Engineering program. The aim was to design and build a 1:1 scale prototype for a transitional shelter than can be used in emergency situations for refugees. The city of Tripoli has seen a major influx of refugees from Syria since 2011, and the situation has caused a lot of strain on the infrastructure of the city. The refugees are living in poor conditions, but their efforts to improve their situation with what little they have inspired the idea of the project of empowering the refugees. The shelter can be assembled by nonskilled labor using local material that can be easily attained then easily disassembled and reused when the shelter is no longer needed. The 19 m2 area of the shelter is maximized for a family of five.

Sara Maassarani · Academic · Tripoli · Lebanon Saleh Al Zannar · Architect · Tripoli · Lebanon Fatima Belok · Academic · Tripoli · Lebanon

Project Group 1

Client

Planned start

Project background

All material of the shelter can be reused and recycledAll the material used in the shelter can be either salvaged to be reused in the shelter, or they can be dismantled and reused in other projects when the shelter is no longer needed:1. Structure: Galvanized Steel Pipes (with joints)2. Walls: Fabric + PVC Pipes + Sand3. Roof: Double corrugated sheet with insulation4. Floor: Wooden PalletsThe assembly of the project was based on bolts and screws, nothing was welded. The whole shelter can be easily disassembled without any damage to its material.

1. Flexible interior furniture to optimize the use of the limited space2. Movable interior partitions for privacy3. An additional door that allows part of the unit to become as an outer terrace (or a vending space)

The thermal comfort of the users is also part of the design. The shelter needs minimal heating and cooling means in extreme weather.

Innovative wall designSand is the main component used in the shelter design for insulation. After studying Anwar Khalili’s “Sandbag Houses” we wanted to apply the same concept while minimizing wall thickness (10 cm thick wall) and find a way to make a square shaped shelter unit to allow the optimum use of space within a camp of shelters. For this purpose, we used waterproof fabric that was divided by sewing into 10 cm wide pockets to be filled with sand. Dividing the fabric into vertical pockets would minimize the buckling of sand. In order to add stiffness to the fabric walls, PVC water pipes were added at critical points of the wall. The walls can be easily dismantled and sand emptied from the fabric which would reduce the weight of the shelter unit during its transportation.

Users involvement and comfortThe construction methods for the shelter are very basic and can be performed by non-skilled labor. This means the family who would occupy the shelter can build it and use it giving the people a sense of belonging. The modular design of the shelter allows it to be customized to the family’s needs whether in horizontal or vertical extension. Moreover, the shelter is flexible enough to include different social aspects of the family’s daily life:

Architecture, building and civil engineeringN/A

Not Applicable

Academic research

MAIN AUTHOR(S)


PROJECT SUMMARY


THE SAND AND PIPES SHELTER

Transverse

PROJECT SUMMARY


Image 1: The plans show the programmatic relationships as well as circulation, distributed on the different levels of the project. The masses are connected by the lighter circulation line.

Image 2: This sheet shows the two long elevations of the project and its integration in the landscape. It also features a sectional perspective showing the interior of the public space, and the main access ramp. The two diagrams show the concept of the project, from linking the two landmarks on site, to the form created by the distribution of programs.

Image 3: The site plan shows the flow created on site, through the built project, and the landscape features.

Image 5: Sections and climate diagram showing strategies employed to make spaces comfortable.


This project was designed in the frame of an environmental studio, titled "Vacant terrains: Shaping atmospheres". The site is located in Hazmieh, on the outskirts of Beirut, Lebanon. It used to be the site of a madhouse, but is now a big (90,000 sqm approx.) abandonned terrain, with two ruined buildings at its extremities. The project is an art therapy center (exhibition spaces, classes, and medical therapy), with a residential component, for the patients on one side, and the doctors/teachers and family of patients on the other side. It revives the site by linking the two existing structures, using them as a playground and a control room/archiving center, thus creating a flow of life that activates it.

Cross Ventilation

The project is longitudinal, offering its long side to the wind flow, allowing for cross ventilation. In the case of deeper spaces, courtyards and differences in levels allow for the wind to pass. The roofs are also slanted towards the North West, allowing for the wind to flow easily, and penetrate the spaces when needed. These strategies provide a healthier environment and allow to cool spaces during Summer. A perforated metal corridor connects the residential component to the rest of the project. The perforations allow to create a semi outdoor space which is cool in summer, and protected from the Northern winds in winter.

Solar control

Thanks to the longitudinal shape of the project, the spaces mostly benefit from the Southern (and Northern) sun. They are thus abundantly lit, and heated in winter. The use of cantilevers helps protect from the sun in Summer and during the mid-season, as it is still hot during that time of the year. Moreover, the roof is sloping towards the North-West, meaning that it is not perpendicular to the sun rays, especially in Summer, avoiding additional heating of spaces. The South facade is mostly opaque with the openings places above or under eye level, or in shaded areas (under the passageway for example); this allows for more privacy as this is the most public facade, as well as a control of light to avoid glare. The deep recesses allow for the reflection of light in Winter.

Active strategies

The longitudinal shape of the project allows for a long space under: it can be used to install a horizontal closed loop system to benefit from geothermal energy, which would thus be used to heat and cool the spaces during the seasons. Moreover, the project is placed on a wide land, and can be complemented by landscape features such as a bios-wale, which would make a separation between the public and the private parts of the land, while at the same time collecting the run-off water from the roof, the walls, etc. and later re-use it. Creating courtyards and terraces would not only activate the site by directing views, they would also create a healthier environment, sustained by the bios-wale; it would isolate the site from its noisy environment, creating a "clean bubble" in the city.

Image 4: Sections showing the atmosphere and the circulation flows.

MAIN AUTHOR(S)

Project Group 1



HazmiehNot ApplicableResearch project


Careen Matta · Student · Monteverde · Lebanon

This project was designed in the frame of an environmental studio, titled “Vacant terrains: Shaping atmospheres”. The site is located in Hazmieh, on the outskirts of Beirut, Lebanon. It used to be the site of a madhouse, but is now a big (90,000 sqm approx.) abandonned terrain, with two ruined buildings at its extremities. The project is an art therapy center (exhibition spaces, classes, and medical therapy), with a residential component, for the patients on one side, and the doctors/teachers and family of patients on the other side. It revives the site by linking the two existing structures, using them as a playground and a control room/archiving center, thus creating a flow of life that activates it.

Careen Matta · Student · Monteverde · Lebanon

Project Group 1

Client

Planned start

Project background

Active strategiesThe longitudinal shape of the project allows for a long space under: it can be used to install a horizontal closed loop system to benefit from geothermal energy, which would thus be used to heat and cool the spaces during the seasons. Moreover, the project is placed on a wide land, and can be complemented by landscape features such as a bios-wale, which would make a separation between the public and the private parts of the land, while at the same time collecting the run-off water from the roof, the walls, etc. and later re-use it. Creating courtyards and terraces would not only activate the site by directing views, they would also create a healthier environment, sustained by the bios-wale; it would isolate the site from its noisy environment, creating a “clean bubble” in the city.

Cross VentilationThe project is longitudinal, offering its long side to the wind flow, allowing for cross ventilation. In the case of deeper spaces, courtyards and differences in levels allow for the wind to pass. The roofs are also slanted towards the North West, allowing for the wind to flow easily, and penetrate the spaces when needed. These strategies provide a healthier environment and allow to cool spaces during Summer. A perforated metal corridor connects the residential component to the rest of the project. The perforations allow to create a semi outdoor space which is cool in summer, and protected from the Northern winds in winter.

Solar controlThanks to the longitudinal shape of the project, the spaces mostly benefit from the Southern (and Northern) sun. They are thus abundantly lit, and heated in winter. The use of cantilevers helps protect from the sun in Summer and during the mid-season, as it is still hot during that time of the year. Moreover, the roof is sloping towards the North-West, meaning that it is not perpendicular to the sun rays, especially in Summer, avoiding additional heating of spaces. The South facade is mostly opaque with the openings places above or under eye level, or in shaded areas (under the passageway for example); this allows for more privacy as this is the most public facade, as well as a control of light to avoid glare. The deep recesses allow for the reflection of light in Winter.

Architecture, building and civil engineeringHazmieh

Not Applicable

Research project

MAIN AUTHOR(S)


PROJECT SUMMARY


TRANSVERSE

Image 7: Climatic concept diagram

Shams Library

Karim Najjar · Architect · Design Impact Laboratory, American University of Beirut · Faculty of Engineering and Architecture · Department Architecture and Design · Beirut Lebanon Balsam Madi · Architect · DI-Lab · Beirut, LebanonIntegrated urbanism and sustainable design Completed · Astrid Ley · University of Stuttgart · GermanyAhmad Nouraldeen · Architect · DI-Lab · Beirut, Lebanon Institute of light weight and shell structures · In progress · Robert Off · Hochshule anhult bauhaus Germany

PROJECT SUMMARY

MAIN AUTHOR(S)

Project Group 1


Architecture, building and civil engineeringDi-LABJul '16Research project



Image 1: Near Completion of the library and exterior shading area

Image 2: Interior showing Montissori Color Concept and the flexible furniture arrangement. Generous lighting due to transparency on the northern side.

Image 3: photos showing sandbag wall/ finished wall plus exterior shading detail

Image 5: Different elements of the project presented as 3D diagrams Image 6: Location

Image 8: Plan


The Di-Lab platform was established in July 2016 by Balsam Madi and Ahmad Nouralden under the supervision of Professor Karim Najjar. It engages a group of young architects in designing and implementing community-based projects in Lebanon. The purpose of this platform was to provide an educational facility for marginalized communities. This project examines applications of lightweight, temporary systems and climate responsive strategies. The sustainability objectives are: environmentally friendly, socially responsive and good learning conditions.

The Shams Library was organized by the AUB in collaboration with the Center of Civic Engagement and Community Services and the Kayany Foundation. Funding was provided by a donation from the Dean of Engineering and Architecture as well as the CCES.

Environmentally Friendly

Local materials:The materials used are wood for building the structural frames, sandbags for building the walls and creating a thermal mass, plastic sheets for water proofing, insulation boards and zinc sheets for the roof. All material where bought from the surrounding local community. Small footprint:The Library is being built within a school for Syrian refugees in order to maximize its usability. It is compact (5*7m footprint area) but spacious (6m height). It provides an occupancy for 22 children with an additional outdoor shaded (are capable of hosting another 20).Low energy:Passive design strategies ensure low energy consumption. no artificial heating/ cooling is needed due to the thermal mass provided by sandbags and the ventilation by a geothermal duct assisted by roof fans.

Socially Responsive

Adaptable use:The (5*7) space allows for a multi functional use due to the uninterrupted span provided by the triple hinged series of frames. It can also be adapted as a community center for the surrounding refugee settlements.Relocatable:The Structure of the library is formed by 7 identical and consecutive frames. Each is easily assembled by bolting the wooden members together by metal joints with no need for advanced technology. Thus the whole parts can be easily disassembled and moved to another location if needed. Participatory process:The labor hired comes from the surrounding settlements, which often have children attending the same school where the library is being implemented. This created a sense of ownership and pride within the surrounding community.

Good Learning Conditions

Visual Comfort:It allows for better receptiveness of educational material. This is achieved by integrating a montissori color concept for the interior mobilia. Transparent openings on the Northern facade allows for generous lighting during operation hours.Acoustic comfort:It provides the calm and relaxing environment in order to read and do homework. This is achieved by the thick walls which provides sound insulation.

Image 4: Structural frames assembled

Image 9: Section Image 10: Geothermal duct

Thermal Comfort:It is needed due to the bekaa's arid summers and harsh snowy winters. it is provided by adequate thermal mass wall, geothermal ducts, and white roof.Air Comfort:A ventilation system is needed to keep the student's attention at an optimal level. It is provided by the roof fans which sucks out the hot air.

The Di-Lab platform was established in July 2016 by Balsam Madi and Ahmad Nouralden under the supervision of Professor Karim Najjar. It engages a group of young architects in designing and implementing community-based projects in Lebanon. The purpose of this platform was to provide an educational facility for marginalized communities. This project examines applications of lightweight, temporary systems and climate responsive strategies. The sustainability objectives are: environmentally friendly, socially responsive and good learning conditions.The Shams Library was organized by the AUB in collaboration with the Center of Civic Engagement and Community Services and the Kayany Foundation. Funding was provided by a donation from the Dean of Engineering and Architecture as well as the CCES.

Environmentally FriendlyLocal materials:The materials used are wood for building the structural frames, sandbags for building the walls and creating a thermal mass, plastic sheets for water proofing, insulation boards and zinc sheets for the roof. All material where bought from the surrounding local community. Small footprint:The Library is being built within a school for Syrian refugees in order to maximize its usability. It is compact (5*7m footprint area) but spacious (6m height). It provides an occupancy for 22 children with an additional outdoor shaded (are capable of hosting another 20).Low energy:Passive design strategies ensure low energy consumption. no artificial heating/ cooling is needed due to the thermal mass provided by sandbags and the ventilation by a geothermal duct assisted by roof fans.

Environmentally FriendlyLocal materials:The materials used are wood for building the structural frames, sandbags for building the walls and creating a thermal mass, plastic sheets for water proofing, insulation boards and zinc sheets for the roof. All material where bought from the surrounding local community. Small footprint:

Karim Najjar · Architect · Design Impact Laboratory, American University of Beirut · Faculty of Engineering and Architecture · Department Architecture and Design · Beirut Lebanon Balsam Madi · Architect · DI-Lab · Beirut, LebanonIntegrated urbanism and sustainable design Completed · Astrid Ley · University of Stuttgart · GermanyAhmad Nouraldeen · Architect · DI-Lab · Beirut, Lebanon Institute of light weight and shell structures · In progress · Robert Off · Hochshule anhult bauhaus Germany



SHAMS LIBRARY

Project Group 2

Client

Planned start

Project background

Architecture, building and civil engineeringDi-LABJul ‘16

Research project


Socially ResponsiveAdaptable use:The (5*7) space allows for a multi functional use due to the uninterrupted span provided by the triple hinged series of frames. It can also be adapted as a community center for the surrounding refugee settlements.Relocatable:The Structure of the library is formed by 7 identical and consecutive frames. Each is easily assembled by bolting the wooden members together by metal joints with no need for advanced technology. Thus the whole parts can be easily disassembled and moved to another location if needed. Participatory process:The labor hired comes from the surrounding settlements, which often have children attending the same school where the library is being implemented. This created a sense of ownership and pride within the surrounding community.

Visual Comfort:It allows for better receptiveness of educational material. This is achieved by integrating a montissori color concept for the interior mobilia. Transparent openings on the Northern facade allows for generous lighting during operation hours.Acoustic comfort:It provides the calm and relaxing environment in order to read and do homework. This is achieved by the thick walls which provides sound insulation.

Using Biochar as Sand Replacement in Construction Materials

Rayan Mourad · Student · Beirut, Lebanon Civil Engineering · In progress · Dr. Ghassan Chehab American University of Beirut · Lebanon

Project Group 3


Contruction IndustryNot ApplicableResearch project

PROJECT SUMMARY

MAIN AUTHOR(S)


STATEMENTS ON SUSTAINABILITYImage 1: Figure a shows the different mortar mix designs. Figures b and c show the mortar specimens after being subjected to compression strength test. Figure d shows Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) images of hardened Mortar specimens of control mix (right corner) and the mix design 2 (left corner).

Image 2: Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) images showing the morphology of Biochar particles at several magnifications as well as the graph resulting from X-ray Diffraction showing the crystallography of Biochar.

Image 3: Map of Lebanon showing Location of existing Aggregate Quarries and Waste collection facilities.

Image 5: Step 1

Documents

Annual Report 2017 - Holcim Liban S.A.L€¦ · currently stopped and should be replaced by a new scheme to support the sector. The local cement market decreased slightly by -2% staying