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Annual Report 2011
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Annual Report 2011for the Rural Livelihood Development Programme
Contents LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS 5
Message from the Chairperson 6
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 8
About RLDP 10
About RLDC 10
Approach 11
SUMMARY OF OUTCOMES. 12
Outreach. 15
Market development achievements 16
Cotton 16
Dairy 18
Poultry 20
Rice 23
Sunflower 25
Radio 28
Mainstreaming Cross Cutting Issues 30
Gender 30
HIV/AIDS 32
Networking and Collaboration 32
Monitoring, Communication & Capitalisation 33
Monitoring 33
Communication 34
Capitalisation of Experience 35
STAFF DEVELOPMENT. 35
LOOKING TOWARDS 2012 AND BEYOND 36
COTTON SUB-SECTOR 37
RICE SUB-SECTOR 37
SUNFLOWER SUB-SECTOR 38
RADIO SUB-SECTOR 38
POULTRY SUB-SECTOR 39
CROSS CUTTING: GENDER AND HIV 39
Instiutional setup and PROGRAM MANAGEMENT 40
ANNEXES 41
LIST OF Staff. 41
LIST OF PARTNERS 43
PAC Members Board Members Council Members 46
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Abbreviations AGRA Alliance for Green Revolution in Africa
AIDS Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
AL Action Learning
ANSAF Agriculture Non State Actors
ASA Agricultural Seeds Agency
BMO Business Member Organisation
CAPEX Capitalisation of Experience
CC Central Corridor (the Tanzanian)
CEZOSOPA Central Zone Sunflower Oil Processors Association
CRDB CRDB Bank
FBG Farmers Business Group
HH Household
HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus
HSI HELVETAS Swiss Intercooperation
KIHAMA Maswa Organic Farmers’ Association
LGA Local Government Authority
M&E Monitoring and Evaluation
M4P Making Markets Work for Poor
MoU Memorandum of Understanding
MVIWATA Network of Farmers Groups in Tanzania
NGO Non Governmental Organisation
NMDF National Market Development Forum
PAC Project Approval Committee
QDS Quality Declared Seeds
RFA Radio Free Africa
RLDC Rural Livelihood Development Company
RLDP Rural Livelihood Development Program
SACCOS Saving and Credit Cooperative Society
SC Swiss Contact
SDC Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation
SP Service Provider
TACOGA Tanzania Cotton Growers Association
TAMPA Tanzania Milk Processors Association
TBS Tanzania Bureau of Standards
TCB Tanzania Cotton Board
TDB Tanzania Dairy Board
TFDA Tanzania Foods and Drugs Authority
TGT Tanzania Gatsby Trust
TOSCI Tanzania Official Seeds Certifying Institute
VSL Village Savings and Loans
WRS Warehouse Receipts System
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In 2011 the Rural Livelihood Development Company
(RLDC) attained an outreach of 29,000 beneficiaries HHs
(17,800 male and 11,200 female) through facilitated
market development in the five sectors of cotton,
sunflower, poultry, rice and dairy and 27,500 beneficiaries
HH in the Radio sub sector. Throughout the 2008 – 2011
phase, RLDC reached an impressive total of approximately
102,500 beneficiaries households, including the outreach
attributable to its radio programme. These households
– located within the rather neglected Central Corridor
of Tanzania – directly benefitted in terms of increased
employment and income as a result of RLDC’s
interventions.
Since 2008 RLDC applies the Making Markets Work
for the Poor (M4P) approach, which aims to facilitate
sustainable changes to market dynamics on three levels
of the M4P system: (1) Core transactions between
demand and supply; (2) supporting functions; and (3) the
business environment. It is important to note that the
M4P approach is dependent upon, and hence becomes
sustainable through, the committed participation of
the private sector, investors and relevant government
bodies. The sustained dedication of government bodies is
imperative to providing a just and dependable regulatory
framework within which rural producers and the private
sector can operate.
The implementation of RLDC’s revised monitoring system
as well as an increased focus on results capitalisation,
enabled RLDC to share their successes with other
facilitators of market development in Tanzania and
beyond. Indeed the capitalisation of RLDC’s experiences
was published in three documents: Incomes in the
Cotton Sector, Commercial Rural Radio Programme and
Collection Centres for Smallholder Farmers.
Through its concerted efforts, increased public
relations and multi-level networking, RLDC has become
increasingly renowned over the past few years and
can be proud of its recognition as one of the leading
organisations in rural market development. RLDC once
again participated in the mutually beneficial National
Market Development Forum in collaboration with MITM,
Stefan Butscher
Chairperson
Message from the Chairperson
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as well as participating in other forums such as ANSAF and AGRA.
Notably, the latter resulted in a contract by AGRA to coordinate several
studies intended to support both markets and trade policy nodes in
Tanzania.
Since 2011 was the final year of the most recent phase, external
consultants evaluated RLDC, highlighted the company’s strengths
and weaknesses, and made several recommendations for future
consideration. Ensuing this appraisal, an extensive period of
consultation with the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation
(SDC), solidified the approach, geographical focus and objectives of the
new phase from 2012 – 2015. On a personal level, I was delighted to
learn that the Swiss development sector is proud to be associated with
RLDC. Undoubtedly RLDC shares, and aspires to instil, the Swiss values
of good governance, liberalised and functioning markets, and poverty
alleviation of those less fortunate.
On behalf of the RLDC Board and the Consortium of HELVETAS Swiss
Intercooperation and Swisscontact, I wish to congratulate the RLDC
management, advisers, employees and partners, for achieving once
again an exceptional result in 2011. Furthermore, I wish to express my
sincere gratitude to SDC and the Swiss Cooperation Office Tanzania for
their continuous guidance, impetus and financial support.
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RLDC has continued facilitating market development in the central corridor of
Tanzania with a focus on the sub-sectors sunflower, rice, cotton, poultry, and
dairy The interventions in these sectors concentrated on the following six main
thrusts: integrating farmers’ organisation strengthening as a component in
various new partnerships; applying a multi-stakeholder approach and creating
synergies between interventions; collecting gender-disaggregated monitoring
data on beneficiaries’ socio-economic situation and control over resources as well
as service provision. Also, planning for the new phase started during this year.
The cotton sector in Tanzania is currently being completely revamped by reforms
led by The Tanzania Cotton Board (TCB) with support from Tanzania Gatsby Trust
(TGT). The main elements are: mandatory contract farming system, division of
cotton production areas into 12 zones, organisation of producers into Farmers’
Business Groups (FBG). RLDC continued working with four existing partners (MSK,
BioSustain, BioRe, and ORIDOY). The numbers of beneficiaries could be increased
from 2550 to 3209 by these partners although not reaching the targets of 5200.
Low rainfall in many areas, mainly in December 2010 and January 2011 affected
the cotton sector. Despite the drought, production was comparatively high
(10,470MT) and productivity to RLDC partners has increased.
RLDC has wound up all the interventions in the dairy sector which mainly focused
on strengthening of Tanzania Dairy Board’s (TDB) capacity as an effective dairy
sector regulator in Tanzania. RLDC facilitated the inter-ministerial committee,
which was charged with the task of evaluating overlaps in policy, which to a large
extent have been a barrier to the development of the dairy sector.
The poultry sector environment continues to be very conducive for more
replication and up-scaling. Rural producers have become more interested in
poultry keeping. Although the demand for local chicken is constantly increasing
in the urban market, the challenge for local chicken farmers remains growing and
maintaining the size of the flock to attract constant buyers.
A 2011 Tanzania Annual Media Product Survey done by Synovate, a media
monitoring company, revealed that; radio programs made by various radio
stations focusing on new segment of rural listeners is increasing significantly. The
uptake of practices that were spearheaded by INUKA radio program is observed in
other radio station across Tanzania. Ebony FM from Iringa made deliberate efforts
to learn from RFA.
During the year RLDC initiated a new intervention in Radio subsector to support
rural women. The Radio program aimed at bridging information gaps necessary
for growth of women led enterprises and agricultural activities.
Interventions in rice sector have continued but as other crop sub sectors was
faced with climatic challenges and slow pace in implementation of warehouse
receipt system by Camillu SACCOS.
Executive Summary
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The weather this season favoured sunflower production but in some
areas erratic rainfall has caused many farmers to repeat planting; this
affected the harvest of sunflower. Government agencies have started
to show increasing interest in the sunflower sector. This includes the
TBS, which is in the process of introducing a standard for processed
sunflower oil in Tanzania. RLDC facilitated discussions between TBS,
Sunflower processors and TFDA to bring together all actors involved
and also to avoid small processors being excluded in the process as
they have a significant contribution to the production of sunflower
oil.
RLDC has increased collaboration with other stakeholders. For the
year 2011 RLDC chairs Agriculture Non State Actors (ANSAF), which is
the forum that brings together actors in Agriculture. Also RLDC has
taken on a mandate from AGRA to coordinate a program called “The
Tanzania Market Policy Action Node’’.
In monitoring, communication and capitalisation the application
of the new M&E system improved data collection through Partners
quarterly reports, Service providers (SP) survey, HH survey, Partners
enterprises survey and Partners satisfaction survey. In communication
the following was done; Publication and sharing of the four CAPEX
documents and launch of three others, updated sector sheets with
emphasis on result achieved, Improvement of website content
(ongoing).
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N
BURUNDI
KENYA
UGANDA
DRC CONGO
ZAMBIA
MOZAMBIQUEMALAWI
TANGA
Dar esSalaam
MANYARALushoto
Same
Mwanga
Rombo
Monduli
Ngorongoro
Serengeti
Musoma RuralUkerewe
Magu
Mwanza
Kwimba
Bariadi
MaswaMeatu
Kishapu
ShinyangaUrban
Shinyanga Rural
Kahama
Bukombe
Kibonda
Kasulu
Urambo
Nzega Igunga
UyuiTTabora urbanTabora Rural
Sikonge
Kigoma Rural
Nkasi
Sumbawanga Rural
Sumbawanga Urban
Chunya
Mbarati
Manyoni
Singida RuralKondoa
Dodoma Urban
Dodoma Rural
Iringa Rural
Iringa Urban
Mufindi
Njombe
Ludewa
Dodoma Rural
Mpwapwa
Liwale
Tunduru
NamtumboSongea Rural
Songea UrbanMbinga
Kilwa
RufijiMafia
Kisarawe
Kibaha
Bagamoyo
Mkuranga
KinondoniIlala
Temeke
MkoaniMahonda
Zanzibar
Chakechake
PEMBANORTH; SOUTH
UNGUJANORTH;
SOUTH & CENTRAL;TOWN & WEST
Wete
Mtwara urban
Mtwara Rural
TandahimbaNewala
Masasi
Nachingwea
RuangwaLindi Urban
Lindi Rural
Kongwa
Singida Urban
Iramba
Mbozi
Rungwe Makete
Ileje
MbeyaUrban
MbeyaRural
Mpanda
Kigoma Urban
Ilemela
Nyamagana
Geita
Sengerema
Musoma RuralTarime
Muleba
Buk UrbanobaKaragwe
Ngara Biharamulo
Bukoba Rural
Bunda
Karatu Arusha
Aru Meru
Simanjiro
Kiteto
Mbulu
Babati
Hanang
Hai
Korogwe
HandeniPangani
TangaTanga
Moshi
Kilindi
Kilosa
Mvomero
MorogoroUrban
Morogoro Rural
Kilombero
Ulanga
Muheza
KILIMANJARO
ARUSHA
MARA
MWANZA
SHINYANGA
SINGIDA
TABORA
KIGOMA
RUKWA
DODOMA
IRINGA
MOROGORO
PWANI
LINDI
MTWARARUVUMA
MBEYA
KAGERA
Map 1. Geographical area covered by RLDC for sub-sector growth
ABOUT RLDP
The Rural Livelihood Development Program (RLDP) is an initiative of the Government of Switzerland and supported through the Swiss Development Agency (SDC). The main concern is the high rural poverty in the Central Corridor of Tanzania, which is manifested by very low incomes and frequent food shortages including lack of reliable/sustainable markets and employment. The programme aims at making market systems work better for the welfare of rural producers). The programme addressed market constraints in six subsectors in phase II and III namely Cotton; Sunflower; Dairy; Rice; Poultry; and Rural Radio. In its final phase which is envisaged to start in April, 2012 and end in March 2016, RLDP will address constraints in three subsectors namely Cotton; Sunflower; and Rice, along with these subsectors RLDP will address cross sector themes namely Gender and livelihood, Rural Advisory Services, and Rural women Radio.
Two Swiss International NGOs, HELVETAS Swiss Intercooperation (HSI) and Swisscontact (SC) jointly manage RLDP. It is implemented through the Rural Livelihood Development Company (RLDC), a non-profit organisation that was established in 2005.
ABOUT RLDC
RLDC works as a market facilitator
with the main goal of improving
the welfare of the rural household
in the Central Corridor of Tanzania.
The key strategy to achieve this
goal is creating income and
employment opportunities, mainly
driven by better functioning rural
sub-sectors comprising rural small
scale producers and enterprising
rural small scale producers and
enterprises.
RLDC has its offices in Tanzania’s
Legislative Capital Dodoma, but
serves the whole Central Corridor
covering six regions of Morogoro,
Singida, Manyara, Shinyanga,
Tabora, and Dodoma. To the period
ending 31st December, 2011 RLDC
has been working in six sub-sectors:
Sunflower, Cotton, Dairy, Poultry,
Rice, and Rural Commercial Radio.
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APPROACh
Since 2008, RLDC applies the “making markets work for the poor” (M4P) approach,
which aims at making sustainable changes in the market systems through a
facilitation role at three levels of the systems: core transaction between demand
and supply, supporting function and rules (business environment)
Concerning support services, RLDC facilitates capacity building (training and
technical skills development) for local, private sector and public service providers,
improves access to fi nancial services and enhance media/information services.
In the core transaction, the focus lies on reducing value chain transaction costs and
attracting co- investment to improve volumes, scale up, introduction of innovative
and sustainable business practices, development of business competences and skills
of market actors. At the business environment level, RLDC addresses constraints
identifi ed in sub- sectors in collaboration with related partner’s programmes,
business member organisations (BMOs) and other networks.
RLDC’s methodology of market development goes through various key stages.
In the sub- sector assessment, the market systems are analysed and the market
development strategy is elaborated. The draft strategy is discussed with stakeholders
and management with intention to create a shared vision that leads to a fi nal sub-
sector strategy. The strategy includes fi rst project interventions, which are then
implemented to test and demonstrate the validity of the underlying assumptions.
The results of the fi rst interventions are evaluated and the fi ndings and conclusions
are used for strategy of the scaling up and replication phase.
BMOs
Governm
ent
Private Sector
Financial Services
BDS
Gove
rnm
ent
Infra
struct
ure
Laws & Law
Enforcement an
d cu
lture
So
cial n
orm
Supporting FunctionsMedia and
Information Services
Regulations andStandards
Business Environment(Rules)
Supply DemandMismatch
CORETRANSACTION
RLDC
Figure showing RLDC as Facilitator of Markets Development: Based on Springfi eld model on M4P
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SUMMARY OF OUTCOMES.
The outcomes presented below are the results of 4 years of interventions of RLDP.
Outcome 1: Growth of sub-sectorsRLDC has built partnership with 68 private companies and organisations. Those
are facilitated to contribute to market development systems as buyers, processors,
traders, service providers or producers’ cooperatives. RLDC also provided capacity
development support, which positively affected changes amongst them in terms
of business strategic orientation, business management, competitiveness, quality
of services and improved trade with producers... These changes in their turn
contributed to increase the number of economic and market opportunities for
the enterprises, trigger employment creation, business expansion, etc. The target
was to increase turnover of partner enterprises by 10% per year. During 2009-
2010 cotton performance was drastically affected by drought and world price
crisis (enterprises had a loss of -55%) and recovered in the following season to
104%. The incomes of enterprises in the sunflower increased by 25%, and Dairy
between 13% and 23%, thank to a better collection and marketing strategy.
Partner companies increased investment in their enterprises, from TZS 646.1 Mio
in 2008 to over TZS 1’818.9 Mio in 2011.The investment were from constructing
collection centres, rehabilitation of ginnery, and purchase of sunflower mills.
The facilitation role of RDLC could also convince partner enterprises to adopt
a win-win situation in relation to the producers, e.g. in the form of contract
farming. The number of producers having established farming contracts /
agreements with buyers and producers in different sectors is 18,700 (target
15,000) producers in cumulative terms, Out of these 13,600 male and 5,100
female. Sunflower sector has 65% of all producers in contract farming. The
produces in contract farming benefits from various services ranging from access
to inputs such as seeds, fertilizers, pesticides, tractor services, canvases for post
harvest management, they also benefit on advisory and extension services.
Outcome 2: Improvement of service marketsIn the six regions were RLDC is active, through its partners, contributed to establish
a network of service providers which includes local private service providers
(LSP) who are mostly lead farmers, extension agents from private companies and
public extension officers. As far as LSPs are concerned, it was planned that RLDC
facilitates training of LSPs 50 per sector to provide services. The achievements
turned out higher: About 632 lead farmers were trained to provide extension
services (agronomic skills, etc.), which corresponds to an average of 211 per crop
agricultural sector supported. Moreover, other LSPs were capacitated to provide
specific services, such as cotton weight and quality control (33 village control
committees – 132 people), provision and advice on QDS in sunflower (148 QDS
producers) and poultry production services provided through subgroups in 100
villages (6 per village, i.e. 600) and dairy 20. These included, the overall total of
trained LSPs is 1,433.
The SP survey1 provides evidence that many of the trained LSPs are regularly
1 Data for this survey were collected from Singida and Dodoma and Manyara regions have been collected through the SP survey (52 respondents in Singida, 36 in Dodoma, and 40 in Manyara 128 respondents in total)
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providing services to farmers. The services provided by these LSPs were not
available before and are very much appreciated by farmers. An indicator for this is
the way they get the information on what services are needed and the frequency
of contact: 60% of the interviewed LSPs mention that they are contacted by
farmers; many of them also contact farmers individually or through their farmers’
group representatives (20% and 38% respectively). Asked about frequency, for
most of the LSPs, these contacts happen “often”, for others “once per week”.
Furthermore, RLDC targeted to facilitate the introduction of at least 5 new or
improved services. In fact, the new or improved services provided by local, public
and private service providers and facilitated by RLDC amount to 22 that can be
grouped into 9 types. Amongst them: agronomic practices, access to new or
improved inputs, services related to contract farming, quality and weight control
services, financial services, information services through rural radio, etc
Outcome 3: Business environmentFunctional linkages were established between LSPs and private as well as public
entities in terms of trainings of LSPs, own initiatives taken by LSPs to upgrade
their skills and support received in case of challenges faced by LSPs.
The number of producers accessing new/improved services are 47,550 (target
40,000)
However, the provision of services to producers remains so far a subsidised market
and the challenge ahead will be to commercialise private services, which will
heavily depend on the willingness of producers to pay for services and private
sector investing in providing services.
MSK solution our partner in cotton production has started to use the lead
farmers as buying agents (commission paid for service they offer).
RLDC was particularly active this phase regarding a number of platforms that
can contribute to improve the business environment in multiple ways
The number of functioning and effective public-private sector dialogue
mechanisms set up at district and national level was targeted to be at least
six and is currently slightly higher at eight. Also, it was planned to facilitate at
least one effective market supporting initiative per sector. Six of them have been
achieved in dairy, rice, cotton, and sunflower
BMOs have also been encouraged to take advocacy initiatives. In three sectors
(cotton, sunflower, and dairy) BMOs, associations and farmer groups have taken
initiatives to improve business environment. There is some progress on BMOs,
CEZOSOPA is now trying to solicit more members in the central corridor and
also focus to be accountable to members. Establishment of a National Markets
Development Forum (NMDF) is still underway the forum is not yet fully owned
by the Mit; RLDC is still looking on ways to engage more stakeholders who will
own the forum.
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Outcome 4: Visibility and replicationFor this fourth and last outcome, RLDP made also progresses. It
could contribute to influence policies in the cotton sub-sector
(contract farming having become compulsory), poultry (local
service providers given mandates by LGA, dairy (waive of import
taxes, Tanzania Dairy Board operational). Replication happened
in two sub-sectors: contract farming in cotton, and Bariadi
Model in poultry which was adopted by Oxfam and Inades.
RLDC could contribute to the development of 6 tools/ processes
that were used by other facilitators (e.g. reference material in
poultry, QDS model used by LGAs, contract farming in cotton
and sunflower sub-sectors, hide and skins project in Bahi and
Singida...).
A large majority (85%) of RLDP partners declared they were
very satisfied with the collaboration. In terms of visibility, RLDC
attended a series of stakeholders meetings (cotton, dairy...),
workshops organised by other organisations. It also actively
participated in the National Market Development Forum,
ANSAF meetings, as well as in the Market Development Forum.
The publication of 3 document of experience capitalisation also
contribute to value the interventions of RLDC.
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OUTREACh.
There has been an increase in the number of rural producers that are reached by
RLDC interventions in the six subsectors (Cotton, sunflower, dairy, poultry, and
rice). The number of beneficiaries’ households2 for the period from January
2011 to December 2011 is 29,000 as elaborated per sector below:
Sector Outreach (Households)
(January-December 2011)
Male Female Total Targets
Cotton 3,604 1,696 5,300 9,200
Sunflower 8,220 5,480 13,700 15,100
Poultry 3,000 2,400 5,400 6,000
Dairy 1,541 759 2,300 3,600
Rice 1,495 805 2,300 2,500
Total 17,860 11,140 29,000 36,400
Cumulative Outreach at the end of the period (2008-2011) is 74,750 beneficiaries
for commodity sub sectors, and 27,500 HH for Radio Sub sector. The grand total
amounts to 102,250 against an initial target of 80,000
2 By Beneficiary HH it means those RLDC beneficiaries who had interventions with implementing partners in all subsectors; the beneficiary could be male or female. The HH survey was done based on this and all respondents were asked question related to the household and not as an individual beneficiary. Any reference made to beneficiaries in this report
means ‘beneficiary HH”
Sector Cumulative Outreach (2008-2011)
Cotton 27,300
Sunflower 29,100
Poultry 7,200
Dairy 4,850
Rice 6,300
Total commodity sectors 74,750
Radio 27,500 hh
Grand Total 102,250
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MARkET DEVELOPMEnT AChIEVEMEnTS
COTTOn
Sector EnvironmentThe cotton sector is currently being completely revamped by TCB with support
from Tanzania Gatsby Trust (TGT). The main elements of this reform are: mandatory
contract farming system, division of cotton production area into 12 zones with a
limited number of ginners allowed buying cotton in each zone, and organisation
of producers into Farmers’ Business Groups (FBG). RLDC will sign a MoU with TCB
and TGT to complement activities in areas where TCB envision reform.
World cotton prices were at a record high at the beginning of the season;
consequently, the floor price set by TCB in the annual price-setting meeting was
at a high 1,100TZS/kg at the beginning of the buying season. A subsequent drop
in the world cotton prices towards the middle of the year 2011 led to a halt in
buying as ginners were incurring losses. Consequently, the TCB agreed to lower
the floor price to 800TZS/kg, causing much disappointment among farmers who
wrongly suspect contract farming to be the cause of this unusual revision of the
floor price.
Low rainfall in many areas, mainly in December 2010 and January 2011, affected
the cotton sector. Despite the drought, production was comparatively high
(10,470MT3) this year and this might be due to various reasons (farmers producing
more because of expecting high floor price during the previous seasons; better
3 This figure considers only RLDC partners in cotton for 2011
yields (average 475kg/acre for conventional cotton, and 450kg/acre for organic
cotton because of input provision and extension services in some areas)4. While
national average is still at 350kg/acre (source: Tanzania Cotton Board Annual
Report 2010.)
RLDC intervention & progress madeDuring the reporting period, RLDC continued working with four partners (MSK,
BioSustain, BioRe, and ORIDOY). MSK and ORIDOY were able to increase the
numbers of beneficiaries although not reaching the targets: ORIDOY increased
4 This average is based on production of cotton partners working with RLDC in 2011
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from 700 to 1,009 farmers – 339 female, 670 male – (target 1,200); MSK from 1,850 to
2,200 (target 4,000). The latter actually distributed seeds to 4005 farmers (543 female, 3,462
male), but many of them did not plant because of drought and hence can’t be counted as
beneficiaries. MSK also managed to form 50 farmers groups. BioRe worked with one Farmer
Business Group (FBG) organic cotton growers in Maswa (KIHAMA) which has 605 members.
Extension services were further strengthened during the year by training a total of 108 local
SPs (MSK 55, BioRe 33, and ORIDOY 20). RLDC monitoring shows that farmers in general
appreciate the services received such as the provision of seeds, pesticides, fertilisers on credit
and extension services to improve agronomic practices. Farmers cited these as one of the
main reasons for increased yields (e.g. MSK farmers’ estimate of 450kg/acre up from 300kg/
acre last season). The intervention with MSK also aimed at strengthening storage services
through the construction of two collection centres, at Mbogwe and Nhabala villages.
All four partners have successfully secured recognition by TCB as licensed buyers under the
reformed cotton sector system. RLDC facilitation for contract farming has certainly improved
their capacity to adopt the new requirements.
The sector team has aligned its interventions with the on-going reform within the cotton
sector. These are strengthening of the high potential farmers’ organisations, promotion
of farm implements for Conservation Agriculture, establishment of a training facility for
strengthening of extension services, and strengthening the cotton growers association
(TACOGA).
Lessons learnt
• The challenges faced with mis- or under-reporting emphasised
the importance of regular field trips and controlling (data
auditing).
• Partner’s selection has to be further improved; particularly,
more transparency should be a strict requirement both during
the selection process and the partnership agreement signing.
• Given the changed sector environment, RLDC needs to
actively explore new opportunities for collaboration and
facilitation.
• The CAPEX process in the cotton sector, which finished
with the report publication in May 2011, has contributed to
critical reflection about RLDC interventions. It emphasises a
number of lessons including the benefits of service provision
for farmers and the importance of pricing issues.
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DAIRY
Sector EnvironmentThe dairy sector in general continued to be one of the most challenging sectors on
the RLDC interventions. While the outreach in this sector remained limited 2,300 HH
for 2011 and 4,850 HH for 2008-2011, most positive changes were being noted on the
level of business environment and support services.
RLDC Interventions and Progress madeThis year saw RLDC winding down all interventions in the sector which mainly focused
on strengthening of TDB’s capacity as an effective dairy sector regulator in Tanzania;
other activities were to establish the dairy database, and carrying out orientation
seminar to local government regulators. The sector had an intervention with TAMPA
on lobbying and advocacy for improved dairy sector business environment in
collaboration with other stakeholders. The intervention ended in February 2011. At
the value chain level two interventions were implemented, these are promotions to
increase milk consumption and sales implemented in partnership with Tan Dairies,
with Shambani Graduates in Morogoro the intervention is the improvement of the
Shambani Graduates supply chain.
To address the over-burdened regulation and high compliance costs in the dairy
sector, RLDC facilitated the inter-ministerial committee which was charged with the
task of evaluating overlaps in policy; these have been an important barrier to the
development of the sector. Findings of this committee were presented at a workshop,
which brought together a good number of stakeholders of the dairy industry; most of
them were from the institutions responsible for the regulation of the dairy industry.
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The committee developed a policy document named; ‘Proposal for Rationalisation
and Harmonisation of Overlapping Regulations’ this was one of the outputs/
outcomes of a project with the Tanzania Dairy Board. The document has been
submitted to the Ministry of Livestock Development & Fisheries for reviewing the
regulation and later presented as a bill to the parliament.
The media campaigns on milk consumption and sales conducted by Tan Dairies
in Dar es Salaam resulted in increased sales by Tan Dairies from 3,800 litres of
milk to 4,500 litres between April to December 2011. Also the company managed
to supply milk to two schools in Dar es Salaam; this will contribute to creating
milk-drinking culture in Tanzania.
150 farmers (77 female and 73 male) were trained on proper milking and milk
handling. Nutrient block was introduced as feed supplement and farmers have
been advised to use it, as this will increase milk production. During 2011 farmers
groups were formed to help them have better access to milk markets and to get
easy training, advisory and financial services. Five groups with 130 members (92
female and 38 male) were formed. The draft constitutions have been approved
and group registration forms submitted to the registrar. To strengthen the groups,
20 members (9 female and 11 men) were trained on leadership and how best they
can manage the groups. Milk producers appreciate these groups as now they
have platform for cooperation on milk marketing, and better access to service
such as training, advisory, financial and input supply.
Training of farmers on feeding and milking in Dakawa Village Mvomero District.-
Photo: Tan Dairies
Challenges• Due to poor infrastructure, implementing partners have failed to collect milk
especially during rainy season; this affected some areas of residence of RLDC
beneficiaries who have been trained for improvement on milk production.
At the same time, repair and maintenance of infrastructure is beyond RLDC
scope of facilitation.
• Most of the farmers in the project area keep local breed of cows. These do
not provide adequate milk, despite the fact that they keep large herd of
cattle. The large herds of cattle put pressure on available pasture and water
sources, and will lead to soil degradation. The implementing partners take
some initiatives to educate the farmers on need to change the habit and start
thinking commercial animal husbandry.
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POULTRY
Sector EnvironmentThe poultry sector environment continues to be very conducive for more replication
and up-scaling. Rural producers have become more interested in poultry keeping.
Although the demand for local chicken is constantly increasing in the urban market,
the challenge for local chicken farmers remains the size of the flock to attract
constant buyers. During the year support and collaboration from local authorities
have continued to be there and reception of the interventions by the villages is very
high. Notable up-take by other farmers has been encouraging (using publication
intended for beneficiaries). Joram, a poultry keeper from Swaswa in Dodoma is
among those who have used the publications to start poultry farming
“I had always an intention to keep chicken but I had very little knowledge how to do it, one
day I visited my friend Wambura5 who is a poultry keeper, and from that day I become more
serious about the idea.”
“…Wambura told me that I could get the books that explains better about poultry keeping
from RLDC office”
“I visited RLDC office and got the booklets – the booklets are so informative and helped
me a lot…I now have enough knowledge about chicken diseases, and how to treat them’’.
5 Wambura is a Poultry farmer who also used RLDC poultry booklets to start poultry faming and has gone a step further where he crosses different breeds of the chickens to have chicken with more weight and resistance to diseases.
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The project observed changed perception
of the local chicken producers from quasi-
commercial to business venture through
improving productivity at producers level and
market development for the local chicken
value chain.
Joram, a poultry keeper in Dodoma, Photo: RLDC
RLDC Intervention and progress madeThrough co-facilitators, RLDC is engaged in the creation of awareness to
improved commercial chicken rearing to raise interest of both communities
and traders for replicating the RLDC local chicken rearing model, introduction
of the improved commercial local chicken rearing through the provision of the
basic and technical trainings, organisation of local and urban traders workshops
to deliberate on technical issues like improved transportation of chicken,
slaughtering and marketing as well as promotion of establishment of a national
chicken producers and traders association in districts where the project is being
implemented. From December 2010 through December 2011 RLDC introduced
replication of the same in Singida, Iramba, Bahi, Mpwapwa and Kondoa districts.
INADES Formation Tanzania and Farm Concern International were contracted
to serve both co-facilitation and provision of basic and technical trainings to
communities while CODERT was contracted to establish village saving and
lending model.
Ms Maria a poultry farmer from Sanjaranda
Village in Manyoni District. Photo RLDC
Basic and technical training to chicken producers was conducted in Bahi, Mpwapwa, Iramba and Singida, and Kondoa districts. Farm Concern (Iramba and Singida Rural Districts) trained 1,688 producers (726 female, 962 male) and INADES (Bahi and Mpwapwa Districts) trained 2,682 producers
(1,253 female, 1,429 male). RMDI trained 1,030 producers (421 female, 609 males)
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The chicken producers who attended these trainings have been provided with poultry keeping booklets published by RLDC through INADES in the first replication phase. Up to the reporting period a total of 3,158 booklets were distributed to all trainees in Mpwapwa and Bahi districts
The chicken health groups were trained on vaccination and handling chicken diseases. These training have started to prove very successful as the trained chicken farmers are now being used by the district authorities; as the case in Singida district where these farmers are entrusted by the district to offer vaccination services within the district for a fee.
Two (2) trader’s workshops were held in Iramba and Singida districts. The workshop in Iramba was attended by seven (7) traders (1 female and 6 male), while the one in Singida was attended by fourteen (14) traders (7 female and 7 male).The associations are in the process of being registered, and the Regional Cooperative officer offered to support the
association on the registration process.
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RICE
Sector EnvironmentRice remains the second most important staple food in Tanzania and the
second most important crop for food security (after maize). The Central Corridor comprises of three regions (Morogoro, Shinyanga, and Tabora), which are big producers of rice. Since production is mainly rain fed, the rice sector frequently faces climate challenges as has happened this season. This challenge is mitigated to some extent in the few areas where water management systems exist.
RLDC interventions and progress madeImplementation of the rice sector interventions has continued during the year 2011. RLDC has been working with ROKO Investment who implements contract farming in Igunga. ROKO receives technical support from Nange Development Co. Ltd who is a co-facilitator on this intervention; CAMILU SACCOS Ltd continued to pilot warehouse receipt system in Kintinku which during the reporting period has focused on increasing the members, by December, 2011 a total of 328 members have been trained in the WRS and construction of a warehouse to be used in the system. Agricultural Seed Agency (ASA) implements the intervention on stimulating awareness and access to improved rice seeds; and the last intervention by MVIWATA focuses on strengthening of farmer organisations for improved agronomic practices and marketing.
During the reporting period, ROKO Investment has mobilised and registered a total of 1,972 rice farmers from 18 villages in Igunga district. The partner provided inputs on credit such as seeds and pesticides, and canvases for post harvest activities were also provided. To effectively support farmers on agronomic
services, ROKO Investment also hired an extension officer who is responsible for training the contracted rice farmers. Nange trained rice farmers on contract farming model and facilitated formation of groups in 18 villages where ROKO Investment operated. Further Nange served as a link between farmers and ROKO Investment in contract farming to facilitate operationalisation of model
The provision of inputs on credit to farmers was not so successful due to the delay of mobilisation activities resulting from delayed contracting arrangement between RLDC and ROKO Investment, this led to poor preparation and under estimation of the partner on the input requirements of the farmers. To mitigate this, consultations with the partner has started early to ensure improvement and better preparation next season. Awareness and readiness of rice farmers would also be improved following the good work in progress by the co-facilitator to mobilise and raise farmers’ understanding on contract farming as well as facilitating formation of groups. The co-facilitator also has worked closely with ROKO Investment to ensure understanding of the rice farmers demand and expectations and the way to address them; this is expected to bring a good relationship between rice farmers and the buyer.
CAMILU SACCOS has trained rice farmers and members of the SACCOS on entrepreneurship and marketing, post harvest techniques of paddy and benefits of warehouse receipt system. Rice farmers who are not members of the SACCOS have been mobilised to join and benefit from the WRS. Meanwhile, the construction of the warehouse is in the final stages and plans have already started on licensing of warehouse for WRS operation. RLDC will maintain relationship with CAMILU to ensure WRS operates.
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ASA continued with monitoring of the demonstration plots which were set up as a means of training the farmers on the use of improved seeds and practicing of the best agronomic practices. 25 demonstration plots have been visited in Igunga, Manyoni, and Babati. ASA also facilitated exchange visits as part of a learning process for farmers. 20 farmers and 2 extension officers from Nzega and Shinyanga were taken to Babati. ASA has also been monitoring the agro dealers trained in 2010, on their development and on response of the farmers towards purchase and use of improved rice seeds. Ten demo plots were not successful due to the drought last season in their areas but were organized to participate in evaluation of successful neighbouring demo plots. This has helped farmers adopt the use of improved seeds mainly SARO 5 from ASA as appeared to be well performing than local varieties. Farmers bought 12 tonnes of improved seeds from agro dealers in 2011/2012 compared to 2 tonnes in the previous season.
Through MVIWATA facilitation rice farmers’ groups are growing stronger and more cohesive, MVIWATA facilitated refresher course for all the promoters on rice agronomic training they provide to farmers and the promoters have recruited new members to train this season. Further MVIWATA facilitated district marketing stakeholders workshop where farmers meet traders and discuss matters regarding marketing and access to MIS through mobile phones –group meeting.
With the current extension agreement MVIWATA works to improve cohesiveness and ensuring sustainability of the farmer groups through use of local resource persons/group facilitators to follow up on group development. The project coordinator from the MVIWATA national office will facilitate capacity building and monitoring of local group facilitators. These group facilitators will ensure all the proposed
activities in the groups are undertaken and the groups prepare action plans for agronomy, marketing and networking that will ensure group cohesiveness.
Challenges The rice sector like other sectors did suffer from the weather at the beginning of the season. This has significant impact at the producers’ level. Many farmers in Bahi, Nzega and Shinyanga had to replant, and this reduced the expected harvest of paddy this season.
Also the rice sector interventions faced a challenge from CAMILU SACCOS on their sluggish implementation of the construction of the warehouse intended for the warehouse receipt system. RLDC has sub-contracted another company to complete construction of the warehouse. RLDC realised that CAMILU SACCOS has some institutional weaknesses, which has contributed to this slow pace. The rice team will take the initiative to develop human and institutional capacity of the SACCOS
Lessons Learned.It has been learned that the partners involved in rice contract farming needed much more preparations before starting the contract farming due to the fact that the partner is new to such arrangements.
It has also been learned that choosing a SACCOs as implementing partner and
tasking them to construct a warehouse was not right as proved by Camillu SACCOS.
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Sunflower
Sector EnvironmentThe weather this season favoured sunflower production but in some areas erratic
rainfall has caused many farmers to repeat planting; this affected the harvest of
sunflower. Due to our work government agencies have started to show increasing
interest in the sunflower sector. This includes the TBS, which is in the process of
introducing a standard for processed sunflower oil in Tanzania. RLDC facilitated
discussions between TBS, Sunflower processors and TFDA to bring together all
actors involved and also to avoid small processors being excluded in the process
as they have a significant contribution to the production of sunflower oil.
The discussions are progressing well and TBS has agreed to introduce two
standards, one for refined oil, and the second for non-refined oil which actually
covers a good number of oil processors from the CC. RLDC realised that farmers
groups in sunflower sector are still weak and that implementing partners have
limited capacity to organise them, hence this is an area of work in progress.
Mrs Minja, an
Extension officer in
Ilunda ward, Iramba
district demonstrates a
sunflower affected by
powdery mildew. Photo: RLDC
RLDC Interventions and Progress made.The sunflower sector continued with its interventions on improvement of
production through contract farming, QDS seed production and marketing, and
quality improvement and marketing of processed sunflower oil.
Contract farming is implemented using the Action Learning (AL) approach;
for this year RLDC worked with 19 oil processors from the 4 regions of the
CC (Singida, Dodoma, Morogoro, and Manyara). Nine (9) of the processors
participating in the AL are facilitated by RLDC and the rest are not facilitated
but take opportunity to learn and implement contract farming. These processors
have reached 13,500 farmers in 114 villages. In offering embedded services as
part of the contract farming system, the processors have distributed 26 tonnes
of certified seed to 114 villages in the 3 regions. Also training on best agronomics
practices were offered to over 13,500 farmers, 124 Farmers Field Schools (FFS)
were used to impart knowledge to farmers. Six processors have trained a total of
10,000 farmers in post harvest handling practices in Iramba, Kongwa, Chamwino,
Kondoa, Bahi and Mpwapwa districts.
Seven meetings have been held since December 2010; two of them were
specifically for financial linkage with CRDB Bank. Members have come to realise
that using their own experience on the ground has helped them very much to
improve their relationship with the farmers. Trust has increased between farmers
and processors, and this is a very important component in contract farming.
The Action Learning also helped partners to meet and share experience of what
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happened for the past period, what were the challenges, and how they were
addressed, and also planning ahead.
Through AL RLDC realised that processors will not be able to buy sunflower oil
seed, as production is expected to increase and processors will not have enough
working capital to purchase sunflower produced. RLDC initiated a link between
processors and CRDB Bank in order for processors to access financial facilities
with the bank. 43 processors were involved in and have been able to access loans
amounting to TZS 5.6 billion in total through a collateral management system.
The amount is enough to buy 112,000 bags6 of sunflower taking the average
price of TZS 50,000 per bag.
This system groups together the processors (who are responsible for hiring the
warehouse) and the collateral manager. The hired collateral manager becomes
responsible to manage the stocks on behalf of the bank. The bank then provides
an overdraft facility to the sunflower processors. The bank releases funds after the
collateral manager has assured the bank that the stock for previous instalment
has been procured. Once purchase is completed, the process is reversed. The
collateral manager releases stock to processors for processing and sales, and then
the processor pays the overdraft in instalments through the account with the
bank.
6 One bag of Sunflower averages 65kg.
The credit facility gave the processors ability to buy sunflower in time and this
has pushed the price of sunflower oil seed to TZS 50,000/= per bag from an
average of TZS 25,000/= last season. In simple terms more than TZS 5.6 billion
has been received by more than 13,500 RLDC beneficiaries who are working with
the processors and averaging 9.6 bags per beneficiary.
Production of quality declared seeds (QDS) has also been implemented in two
districts of Iramba and Singida Rural working with a total of 144 farmers who
have cultivated 148 acres (68 new farmers compared to 2010). Towards the end
of the year all farmers’ harvested seeds and the samples were sent to TOSCI
for certifications are approved. These seeds have to a large extent reduced the
problem of unavailability of the seeds in the district, and are expected to boost
sunflower production in the next season, as more farmers will have access to
QDS.
Notable changes have happened in the production and marketing of QDS since
RLDC started the intervention in Dodoma and Singida in 2008. Mr. Almasibu
Mwenda explains “Since RLDC rejuvenated QDS production in Kondoa district by training our farmers on production and marketing of QDS, there are remarkable changes at the district’ farmers like Abdi Kiduka have emerged to become seed supplier in the villages”.
Abdi Kiduka is one of the farmers who has been trained through RLDC facilitation
and has become so keen in sunflower seed production. He has managed now to
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become a QDS producer and supplier in Soya village. Famers who buys seeds from
him are satisfied that the seeds are suitable for their environment and they give
more yield compared to seeds they used before and yet the price is affordable.
This is well explained by Mr. Mohamed Cheyo a sunflower farmer from Soya
village, Kondoa, Mr. Cheyo says: “Kiduka has been catalyst to this village, he gives advice to farmers who buys seeds from his shop, and those who follow his advice experience a difference in sunflower production, I for my case bought sunflower seed from him last year, and planted on 1st February, 2011 though I planted a bit late but I still managed to have a good harvest because I followed the instructions
he gave me on purchasing the seeds”.
Mr. Kiduka displays QDS package at
his shop in Kondoa. Photo RLDC
On improving the quality of sunflower
oil produced and marketed by the
processors; RLDC has supported
CEZOSOPA in acquiring and oil
purifier. The purifier has been already
purchased and has been installed in one of the CEZOSOPA members premises
(Rig Investment); trial runs were successful in August, 2011. This has increased
interested of processors; a study tour was organized to India and China where
processor exposed exposed to modern machines which can help improve their processing mills. Already one processor (Mwange Sunflower Oil) ordered 2 processing machine from India, and three others are in the process of ordering.
ChallengesThe sunflower sector has faced a number of challenges, which to some extent
have affected the intervention’s achievements.
• In implementing the collateral management system it was difficult to secure
warehouses which met the required standards in terms of size and other
conditions.
• It has been noted that implementing partners lack capacity in forming
farmers groups; hence farmers groups which were formed are still weak. This
hampered delivery of some services to farmers.
• Having reliable partners is still a challenge as some still cannot honour
the agreements; as a result of this, one partnership (Agro Acre) had to be
terminated.
Lessons learned• Availability of financial resources, mainly working capital to processors, has
had a significant impact in the sector; this was observed during the buying
season, as most of the partners had the financial resource from CRDB and
there was a scramble for sunflower grains.
• Farmers have increased their awareness in using quality declared seed; this is
a result of sensitisation and trainings on applying of best agronomic practices.
• It has been learned that farmers are ready to buy seeds if the seeds are
available within the vicinity.
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Radio
Sector EnvironmentA 2011 Tanzania Annual Media Product Survey done by Synovate, a media monitoring
company, revealed that; radio programs made by various radio stations focusing on new
segment of rural listeners is increasing significantly. The uptake of practices that were
spearheaded by INUKA radio program is observed in other radio station across Tanzania.
Ebony FM from Iringa made deliberate efforts to learn from RFA.
In 2011, the radio sub sector team at RLDC initiated a new intervention to support the
rural women. It aimed at bridging information gaps necessary for the growth of women-
led enterprises and agricultural activities. The entry point was through supporting a
production of a commercial women radio program.
A Baseline survey done by The Footprint, a media monitoring company shows women
potential in the Central corridor. While engaged in almost every economic activity done
in CC Tanzania, 89% being agriculture, less than 14% of women have knowledge on
opportunities available in other economic activities such as handcrafts, their rights,
and access to land, access to financial institutions, etc. These factors largely affect their
ability to empower themselves and earn income throughout the year rather than during
harvesting only. With this regard, AMKA radio program, which literary means “wake up”,
was designed in partnership with Radio Five, which is based in Arusha to empower women
in the Central corridor of Tanzania. Apart from addressing the agriculture related issues
AMKA would also address the issues identified by the survey, i.e. handcrafts, women
rights, access to financial services etc.
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Group Consulting and Regalia Media were contracted to co-facilitate in marketing
and production capacity building respectively. Group consulting based in Dar
Es Salaam has been contracted for capacity building of Radio Five Marketing
team. The aim is to impart radio program marketing knowledge to Radio Five
staff so that they are able to market the program to attract sponsorship for
AMKA Radio program. Regalia Media is contacted to build capacity of Radio Five
programming team. Regalia Media will support Radio Five in data collection,
program packaging, and identifying rolling plan for programs every 12 week.
RLDC’s phase experience in Radio sub sector was documented in a Capitalisation
of Experience (CAPEX) document and shared with relevant stakeholders. The
purpose of the document is to interest other stakeholders in the program models
that RLDC explored in this ending phase.
RLDC intervention & progress madeThe women radio program intervention began in September 2011 when RLDC
selected Radio Five as a partner. Regalia Media and Group Consulting engaged
in building the capacity of the Radio program to produce and market rural radio
program for women.
The women radio program aims to achieve the following;
• To provide information critical to assist women to improve their agricultural
and enterprise practices that will enable them to gain more output and
eventually income
• To test and demonstrate the possibility of establishing a commercial rural
radio program focusing on rural women, and use it as a sustainable way to
achieve the above target
• The radio program development also aims to interest service providers in the
Central Corridor and beyond to collaborate with Media houses to produce
interesting rural focused radio program
AMKA first episode went of air on 4th December 2011, and was officially launched by the Deputy Minister for Women, Children and Social welfare in Dar es Salaam, December 13th 2011. By the end of 2011, the program had aired 4 episodes, which fetched good responses from the listeners in terms of quality and content appreciation. Radio Five has made deliberate efforts to widen the scope of listenership through linking the radio program with other radio stations in Tanzania’s Central Corridor and beyond. Currently, Radio Five has signed a memorandum of understanding for providing the Radio episodes to Radio CG FM, which is based in Tabora and also airs the content. Talks are underway with Safari FM from Mtwara, which is
also interested to air the women empowerment radio program.
The AMKA radio program expects to record listenership levels of 100,000HH
weekly, and an adoption/uptake rate of the content aired at 10%. The information
aired in AMKA expects to benefit an average of 9,000 HH in the Central Corridor.
It is also our expectation that more airtime in the partner media houses will be
dedicated for the rural listeners segment and record annual increment of 10%.
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MAInSTREAMInG CROSS CUTTInG ISSUES
Background InformationGender and HIV/AIDS mainstreaming are transversal issues in the market developments activities.
For 2011 RLDC has put more emphasis on cross cutting issues mainly gender and HIV/AIDS. A
focal point person was put in place for easier facilitation and coordination of the mainstreaming
activities within the organisation. Prevailing experiences and success stories on gender and HIV/
AIDS mainstreaming are yet to be documented and shared.
GenderAssessment of the existing situation in gender mainstreamingAssessment of gender analysis was outsourced to a consultant in collaboration with a gender
specialist at RLDC, following the development of assessment tools. During the period, RLDC has
tried to empower women in its interventions and ensure they take leadership positions whenever
possible in the groups formed. Priority is given to women on training. This has been done in Rice
sector where the majority of promoters trained were women and in the dairy sub sector as well.
This will be done across all sectors after gender situational analysis is completed in all sub sectors.
Collaboration with our partners on addressing gender related matters has also increased.
During the period RLDC also worked closely with LGAs in all intervention areas to increase their
understanding of existing gender gaps and how to address them. The sunflower sector gender
assessment has brought out a number of lessons, which RLDC will use to assess other sectors as
well.
There results from Household survey on gender aspect show that women empowered have more
control over resources and even decision making at household level.
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Control over own resources 1 2 3 4 5
Never Rarely Sometimes Mostly Always
Do you spend your own money/income without permission from your husband/partner or any other male member of your family? 41% 16% 11% 6% 26%
57% 31%
Can you spend your own money to buy Khanga without your husband/partner or any male member of your family? 39% 10% 11% 16% 25%
48% 41%
Control over hh economic decision making
When your husband decides to cultivate a particular crop on the HH’s land, are you consulted? 16% 11% 6% 16% 51%
28% 66%
When your husband or any male member of your family spends a significant amount of money, are you consulted? 21% 9% 9% 15% 46%
30% 61%
These findings show that 31% and 41% of women interviewed had
control over own resources, these percentages meet RLDC’s 30% target
of women empowerment in all interventions. When considering women
control over household economic decision making the percentages
of score are even higher, 66% and 61%. This trend is observed well
by looking by sector. The table below show that majority of women
averaged 45% across all sectors are aware/consulted by their spouses
when major money is spent, this trend indicates that women can have
control over financial freedom from their spouses.
By Sector;
When your husband or any male member of your family spends a significant amount of money, are you consulted?
Cotton Sunflower Rice Diary Poultry Total
Never 25.0% 18.1% 17.1% 24.6% 22.0% 20.7%
Rarely 16.7% 4.8% 4.3% 18.0% 8.5% 9.3%
Sometimes 8.3% 10.5% 8.6% 13.1% 3.4% 9.0%
Mostly 10.4% 13.3% 17.1% 19.7% 15.3% 15.2%
Always 39.6% 53.3% 52.9% 24.6% 50.8% 45.8%
Total 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%
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Ms Ndetefyose Ulomi a dairy farmer from Dakawa village was one of the
beneficiaries’ of RLDC trainings. She was trained in milking techniques, milk
handling and hygiene. She says:
“Before receiving these training I was looking at a cow just like an animal not knowing that if well fed, and taken care could produce more milk; I realise I was wrong”. The training has changed me a lot. I have now become a trainer to other groups; for each training Tan dairies pays me TZS 4,000 so this intervention apart from giving me knowledge in animal husbandry has also given me employment”
Ms. Ndetefyose clearly explains that she now earns income which she can spend
without asking for permission from her husband and also respect in the village as
a trainer. The fact that she is a woman was an important criterion in her choice
as a resource person because
most trainees are women as
well and are often in charge
of milking while men are
responsible for grazing.
Ms Ndetefyose Ulomi explains
importance of multi-nutrient
block ‘jiwe lishe’. Photo: Victor Alexander
During the year also more emphasis was given to gender disaggregated data on
every tool and survey that was conducted. During Service providers’ survey, HH
survey and every partner’s monitoring reports required that element.
hIV/AIDSRLDC continued to pay attention on HIV/AIDS to its staff, during the year a one-
day internal workshop was conducted where all RLDC staff attended. A team of
experts from Dodoma General Hospital were invited to facilitate the workshop
HIV/AIDS and later conducted a counselling session. After the workshop RLDC
staff undertook voluntarily testing. Feedback from the activity is expected to
enable RLDC management to come up with the do-no-harm mechanisms that
aims at reducing stigmatisation among the staff.
The gender and HIV/AIDS focal team has continued to make sure HIV protective
gears are available for staff, male and female condoms have continued being
available in all wash rooms in RLDC offices. To increase awareness among staff
and reduce stigmatisation Tri-Partite Code of Conduct on HIV/AIDS at the
Workplace in Tanzania Mainland’ has been circulated to all staff.
networking and CollaborationRLDC has continued collaborating with other stakeholders. For the year 2011
RLDC was a chair of Agriculture Non State Actors Forum (ANSAF). This is a forum,
which brings together actors in agriculture; the forum is used for lobbying and
advocacy, and RLDC has used this to push some of advocacy and lobbying
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agenda which cannot be addressed using the M4P approach. The establishment
of the National Market Development Forum (NMDF) is in a stage of establishing
a strategic plan. RLDC’s initiative to establish this forum has brought RLDC close
to other market actors and has helped RLDC to work with other likeminded
organisations. RLDC is also coordinating an AGRA program called “The Tanzania
Market Policy Action Node” During this period on the AGRA project RLDC
has taken a leading role in coordinating three studies namely “Assessment of
challenges in promoting investment to reduce post harvest losses in Tanzania, The
impact of domestic and cross-
border restrictions of trade in
Tanzania, and Standardisation
of Weights and Measures
and their implications in
transaction cost in agriculture
value chains”.
Ms Specioza Mashauri, a
participant in NMDF explains
a systemic approach to market
development. Photo: RLDC
The results from these studies will be used to develop policy briefs for lobbying
on improving agriculture policies. The goal of AGRA project is to support the
development of policies that are responsive, and promote competiveness and
sustainable agricultural growth in Tanzania. RLDC has presented elements of
these studies at the NMDF and the agriculture donor-working group who were
very much interested with the cross-border restriction study. The final studies
will be revised and published in 2012. The study on Trade ban was a priority
on Markets node agenda; at the time of this report plans were underway to
resent the findings to Parliamentary Committee responsible for Agriculture.
This meeting is foreseen in the first quarter of 2012. The marketing node has
chosen the Parliamentary committee by considering its role of overseeing the
government. RLDC in collaboration with other actors has embarked on facilitating
the NMDF to have a strategic plan, which will help keep the NMDF on focus of
what to achieve.
MOnITORInG, COMMUnICATIOn & CAPITALISATIOn
MonitoringThe year 2011 witnessed the application of revised M&E system, particularly the
following improved data collection tools: Partners’ quarterly reports, Service Providers’ (SP) survey, Household (HH) survey, and Partner Enterprise survey and partners’ satisfaction survey.
Use of these tools has enabled M&E system to report results-based data, which
are informative and manageable to help informed decision-making. It has helped
to see partners’ perception to our work, the programme’s impact and the level of
sustainability amongst beneficiaries.
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The Service Providers survey was conducted in order to get RLDC impression of the new and improved service delivery to rural producers especially on areas of rural advisory services, which exert more emphasis on extension services, financial services and information media by making these services available and accessible to rural producers. It also aimed at gaining an in depth understanding of kind of services rendered to rural producers, quality, efficiency, effectiveness and sustainability of these services, sources of information and challenges encountered by SPs during provision of services.
The SP Survey aimed to deeply foster internal understanding of RLDC role on how service provision works, what to change or improve in intervention strategy in regards of service markets, and in particular to achieve its sustainability. The results from SP survey have contributed significantly on planning of RLDP phase IV on area of rural advisory services.
The HH survey was conducted with an objective of collecting appropriate information regarding the socio-economic situation of RLDC beneficiaries. It responds to the need to establish a baseline (2008 with recall methods for older interventions, 2010 for more recent interventions). Where possible, the survey was expected give information about the changes in income, employment and gender perspective between 2008 and 2010 and to which RLDC is likely to have contributed through its interventions.
The results of the survey have been used to feed information on the log frame and
also used to demonstrate achievements and to draw lessons learnt for improved
implementation in future. The survey was carried out for all the agricultural sub-
sectors (Cotton, Dairy, Rice, Poultry and Sunflower) supported by RLDC, in all
areas of interventions in the central corridor of Tanzania that include six regions
namely Dodoma, Morogoro, Manyara, Singida, Tabora and Shinyanga.
Experience gained from usage of the internally developed tools has helped RLDC
collect significant information from its interventions which was not the case
before and leaned some lesson from the partners to handle information, some
challenges were encountered which will lead to RLDC improve some of the tools
for increased efficiency in the coming phase.
CommunicationGiven the good achievements in the field of visibility and publicity over the last
years of RLDP, the focus of communication activities has changed for the year
2011. The current objective is the communication and sharing of outcomes and
lessons learnt; this was done through the following channels:
1. Publication and sharing of Capitalisation of Experience documents (evidence-
based learning to our activities). Towards the end of 2011, total of four topics
were published.
2. Updated sector sheets with emphasis on results achieved
3. Improvement of website content.
4. Publication and sharing of Annual Report 2010
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Capitalisation of ExperienceThe CAPEX process gained full swing in the year 2011. In April, the RLDC team
decided to slightly change the list of seven CAPEX topics integrating a new theme
(RLDC’s role as market facilitator). In order not to add more workload, the new
theme replaces (and integrates) the one on advocacy for improved business
environment.
By the end of the year 2011, three Capex documents has been completed,
published and shared. A fourth and fifth Capex on poultry and Quality declared
seeds (QDS) respectively are foreseen early 2012.
Lessons learnt- The CAPEX process is stimulating critical reflection on RLDC interventions.
- The exercise is very time-consuming in all its stages (information collection
from the field, analysis, drafting, editing, design, publication and sharing).
- While involving many team members in each CAPEX topic is beneficial for
information exchange and analysis, it also slows down the process (absences,
difficulties in meeting deadlines, different drafting styles, etc.). A good balance
between the two aspects will be sought for the remaining topics.
STAFF DEVELOPMEnT.
Human Resources at RLDC constitute the most important of all resources and
this has to be nurtured and developed so as to maximize its potential. It is the
policy of RLDC to build and develop the capacity of its human resources in order
to achieve the company’s objectives.
For this year Management has critically analyzed each staff member’s skills gaps,
which were identified during the team scan, and has developed training programs
that will address them. In house and group training has been considered in cases
where it is effective and cost efficient. Group training in gender and HIV/AIDS
including voluntary testing has been carried out. Internal workshop on HID was
organised to build capacity of the team to improve their capacity, and also to
equip the team with skills which can be used to strengthen the partners working
with RLDC. In certain cases staff was trained in institutions out of the company
and where relevant outside the country. The Marketing training which 3 staff
attended was one week training conducted by Practical Action. The Champion
of Change training was attended by 2 staff. This was part of the Feed the Future
programme and was fully funded by USAID. One staff attended international
conference on innovation and advisory services which was organised by CTA in
collaboration with AGRA, FARA, FAO and many other organization involved in
agriculture.
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S/no Name Training When Where
1 Teri Gilead Market Dev. Training February, 2011 Nairobi
2 Ibrahim Kisungwe Champions of Change March, 2011 Nairobi
3 Kibibi Makindara Champions of Change March, 2011 Nairobi
4 Sunga Mabeja Market Dev. Training April, 2011 Nairobi
5 Charles Ogutu Market Dev. Training April, 2011 Nairobi
6 William Mato Innovation in Extension & Advisory Service November, 2011 Nairobi
LOOkInG TOWARDS 2012 AnD BEYOnDThe year 2012 will mark the first year of four-year phase of RLDC in operation
in CC, it is also the final phase of SDC funding of RLDP. The programme will
continue focus on the four sub-sector cotton, sunflower, rice and poultry. The
main area of thrust is demonstration of results, impacts and replication of our
models to wider audiences. The YPO 2012 stipulates these thrusts per sub-sector.
While RLDC will continue to follow an M4P approach in implementing its activities,
the focus will be adherence to DCED Standards for Results Measurement and
reporting.
COTTOn SUB-SECTORThe Cotton sub sector planned to undertake the following interventions in the
new season:
The sector team aims to test the Enhancement of service provision to cotton
producers. This will be done in Nzega district whereby a private service provider
will be facilitated in providing a specific type of service directly to farmers in
Nzega District.
Second thrust is geared towards strengthening of large cotton producers’
organisations. The support of this organisation shall be on strengthening technical
capacities of groups’ members, and also on the warehouse receipt system.
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Promotion of farm implements needed for Conservation Agriculture and other
types of agriculture will be a new intervention that will link manufactures of farm
implements with agro dealers who will sell them.
With the survey of the ginners on willingness to sponsor extension and dedicate
their staffs for the task, an intervention will be designed on the Establishment of
a training facility for private field extension officers and lead farmers.
The RLDC’s facilitation role will be geared towards assisting lobbying for support
from other stakeholders and implementation of reforms to strengthen the
Tanzania Cotton Growers Association (TACOGA). The sector aims also to foster
policy dialogue between TACOGA at zonal & national levels.
RICE SUB-SECTORRLDC’s rice sub-sector interventions for years 2012-2015 are focusing on three
main areas to bring about sectoral changes that have pro-poor impact in income,
scale and employment.
Increase productivity - RLDC interventions will focus on addressing systemic
challenges that would enable an increase in production per unit area. Through
agronomic practices improvement training, support adoption of simple farm tools
to ease the farm workload and strengthening of farmers’ organisations that will
serve as entry point for changes and for ensuring sustainability of intervention.
Further RLDC will facilitate the introduction of Village Savings & Loans (VSL)
schemes so as to ease farmers’ access to finance for buying inputs and reduce
pressures before and after harvest so they can concentrate on production.
Extension of Contract Farming - For next phase RLDC’s effort will focus on up-
scaling contract farming by involving more rice millers as well as reaching out
to rice farmers. It is planned that at least three contract buyers will be supported
and linked with rice farmers in three regions by end of 2012, further replication
and scaling up efforts by other actors will support with light touch.
Enhancement of sub-sector competitiveness - in terms of marketing central
corridor’s rice sector is comparatively less competitive due to infrastructural
network background and nature of key actors being mostly infant enterprises.
RLDC’s intervention intends to enhance the improvement of millers’ business
practice, build capacity of millers on lobbying and advocacy by facilitating
formation of millers association that will spear head efforts for improving
competitiveness of the sector.
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SUnFLOWER SUB-SECTORTo scale up the action-learning program we aim to build capacity of the processors in the sunflower value chain to become competitive in the market. We shall focus in the improvement of Standard of sunflower oil and general business development services.
The sector shall also continue with contract farming intervention with light touch support. The sector team shall take aboard new partners and support the potential old ones while increasing the support to a number of women entrepreneurs.
Quality Declared Seeds will be amongst the interventions in the year 2012. With the observed potential of the QDS interventions in the previous year, RLDP shall engage in public-private partnerships with LGA to supervise the QDS production in their respective regions.
In the previous season, the financial linkage intervention yielded good innovative results. This year, it will be replicated with another financial institution. Two banks have shown interest in the replication of financial options for sunflower processors in the CC through the collateral management system.
There shall be a continuous support in formation and strengthening of farmer organisations. This will be achieved through already established farmer organisations and the new ones, which will be formed by the private sector partners. These farmer groups shall also be used as entry points in mainstreaming
gender and HIV/Aids issues.
RADIO SUB-SECTORIn the year 2012, the RLDP’s radio will become a ‘cross sector theme’ geared
towards supporting the sectors under the Program.
The cross sector theme will continue with supporting the testing of women
empowerment radio program, which is done with RLDP’s partnership with Radio
Five. The AMKA radio program will be supported for the coming year in technical
capacity building through trainings, linking it with relevant content providers as
well as increasing the number of radio station willing and able to air the radio
program in other regions within the Central Corridor and beyond.
RLDP aims to support local radio stations to create agricultural related radio
programs. Researches show that local radio stations enjoy enormous listenership
figures in their respective regions compared to national level radio station,
which makes them a relevant entry point in supporting RLDP sectors in specific
regions. In this intervention, we shall identify specific radio stations and build
their capacity to produce agricultural programs and market them. This shall take
multi stakeholder approach by collaborating with other organisations with the
capacity and willingness to support the local radio programs. Collectively the
radio programs, which will be established by these local radio stations, aim to
impact listeners in 21,000 Households.
Radio will also be used to disseminate RLDP’s best practices and support Rice,
Sunflower, and Cotton and livelihoods projects. In supporting these other sectors,
content from RLDP’s projects will be aired in these supported radio programs
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with the aim of influencing best practices and adoption of model tested by RLDP
within the CC and beyond.
Information gathered through CAPEX and case studies shall be disseminated
systematically and shared by the farming community of listeners and stakeholders
through radio programs.
To ensure sustainability of these radio programs come the end of RLDP’s support,
emphasis from 2012 will be placed in linking them with Agro businesses and
industries that are relevant advertisers and sponsors for these rural radio programs.
This coupled with marketing training support shall render these radio programs
financially viable and able to become sustainable.
POULTRY SUB-SECTORIn 2012, RLDP aims to place poultry under a livelihoods’ perspective, complementing
other sector interventions in order to provide economic opportunities for women.
With such a perspective in mind, RLDP will embark in replicating the Local
Scavenging chicken-rearing model into other potential districts. The replications
efforts will include dissemination of the local chicken rearing model booklets
through Local Service Providers working in their respective villages.
The Poultry sub sector will also embark on disseminating lessons learnt through
radio programs and exchange visits with potential women groups. Replications
will also involve interested potential co-facilitators in the market systems by
providing guidelines on how to train and undertake the chicken-rearing model.
The organised women groups and chicken-rearing groups will be supported with
Human and Institutional Development (HID). The scaling up efforts shall involve
partnering with potential LGA’s whose priorities include poultry interventions.
There will also be activities designed awareness to agro-dealer to foster linkage
to traders and suppliers of inputs useful in chicken rearing.
CROSS CUTTInG: GEnDER AnD hIVRLDC focuses on stepping up efforts towards Internal Gender mainstreaming.
Internally RLDP shall develop guidelines for gender focusing on main subsectors
of concern. i.e. cotton, rice, sunflower and poultry. There shall also be an organized
peer-to-peer review on Gender issues.
External Gender mainstreaming will be also emphasized. The gender focal person
shall lead the gender assessment in rice and cotton sub sectors. There also shall
be efforts to orient partners on gender mainstreaming guidelines that will
be established. Coaching main partners on gender awareness promotion will
continue. Through the radio cross sector theme, RLDC shall identify a partner
organisation, which deals with gender issues in an attempt to promote gender
equality through radio.
RLDP shall also Identify HIV prevention initiatives led by other organisations in the
Central Corridor and explore the way to collaborate. HIV/AIDS shall be invited and
experiences shared with RLDP partners and actors during stakeholder meetings
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and workshops. Potential organisations will be
identified and linked to RLDP partners in Rice,
Poultry, Cotton, and Sunflower to undertake
the task of HIV awareness in villages of our
beneficiaries.
Instiutional setup and PROGRAM MAnAGEMEnTThe mid-term review of phase II and III
conducted in 2011 highlighted that the
governance structure of RLDC was not always
conducive for the implementation of the
programme RLDP. Based on this conclusion,
different options for a leaner governance
structure have been assessed. Major changes
for the next phase will include reversion to
a programme structure which will entail the
establishment of a project steering committee
chaired by SDC and the replacement of the
current board of directors by a management
board. Despite these changes, RLDC will remain
a legal entity entrusted with the operations in
Tanzania.
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AnnEXES LIST OF STAFF.
S/no. Name Position Remarks
1. Charles Ogutu Chief Executive Officer Until December, 2011
2. Ralph Engelmann Business Advisor Until October, 2011
3. Alain Cuvelier Business Advisor
4. Tumaini Nkonya Internal Resources Manager
5. Godfrey Bwana Monitoring & Capitalisation Manager
6. Sunga Mabeja Market development Manager Until August, 2011
7. Susan Lyaro1 Monitoring & Evaluation Officer Until December, 2011
8. Maja Rueegg International Program Officer Until October, 2011
9. Ibrahim Kisungwe Business Analyst
10. William Mato Business Analyst
1 From January, 2012 Susan takes up a position of Business Analyst leading the Cotton Sub Sector.
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11. Gema Nganyagwa Business Analyst Until December, 2011
12. Ajuaye Sigalla Business Analyst Until July, 2011
13. Braison Salisali Business Analyst
14. Kibibi Makindara Business Analyst Until August, 2011
15. Angelina Ndeivai Accountant
16. Neema Msina Office Administrator
17. Mashauri Heriel System Admin, & Procurement officer
18. Musa Moto Driver
19. Khalfan Said Driver
20. Tom Erio Driver
21. Derek George Project Assistant Until December, 2011
S/no. Name Position Remarks
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LIST OF PARTnERS
No Name of partner Area of operation
Sunflower
1 Rig Investment Kongwa and Chamwino Districts
2 Sam Oil Mills Chamwino and Bahi Districts
3 Furaha Dodoma Oil Mills Bahi District
4 Society of the Precious Blood Manyoni
5 Agro Acre Co. Ltd Morogoro
6 Jackma J Enterprises Bahi District
7 nyemo Investment Singida Rural District
8 Ringo Consolidated Co. Ltd Mpwapwa District
9 Three Sisters Oil Mills Co. Ltd Kondoa District
10 Uncle Millo Sunflower Oil Mill Kongwa and Mpwapwa Districts
11 Songela Investment Co. Ltd Iramba District
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Cotton
12 MSK Solutions Nzega
13 BioSustain (T) Ltd Singida Region
14 Oridoy Coop Society Babati
16 BioRe (T) Ltd Shinyanga
17 Tanzania Cotton Board national
Rice
18 ROkO Investment Igunga
19 nange Dev. Company Co- Facilitator
20 Camillus Saccos Manyoni
21 Agriculture Seeds Agency Morogoro, Igunga, Babati
22 MVIWATA Morogoro, Igunga, Babati
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Radio
23 Tan Communication (Radio 5) Arusha
24 Regalia Media Co- Facilitator- DSM
25 Footprint Monitoring- DSM
26 Group Consulting Co- Facilitator-DSM
Poultry
27 Farm Concern International Co- Facilitator
30 InADES Formation Co- Facilitator
31 Rural Mkt Dev. Initiative Co- Facilitator
Dairy
32 Tampa national
33 Tanzania Dairy Board national
34 Tan Dairies Morogoro
35 Shambani Graduates Morogoro
36 Gondi Foods & Co. Ltd Dodoma
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Composition of PAC, Board of Directors, and Council Members
PAC MEMBERS BOARD MEMBERS COUnCIL MEMBERS
S/N NAME S/N NAME S/N NAME
1. Dr Joyce Peters Chonjo 1. Stefan D. Butscher 1. Samuel Bon
2. Prof. Dr Lasato Kurwijilla 2. Dr. Joyce Peters Chonjo 2. Melchior Lengsfeld
3. Bennett Jasson Bagonza 3. Ms. Vera Mugitu 3. Christine Kilindu
4. Khadija J. Simba 4. Dr. Martin Fischler 4. Carin Salerno
5. Dr. Katharina Jenny 5. Charles Ogutu 5. Steven Ruvuga
6. Mwallu Mwachang’a 6. Chibole Manumbu
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Programme ManagerRural Livelihood Development Programme (RLDP)
2nd and Mezzanine fl oors, nBC Building, nyerere street
P.O. Box 2978, Dodoma Tanzania
Tel: +255 26 2321455, Fax: +255 26 2321457
Email: [email protected] | Website: www.rldc.co.tz <http://www.rldc.co.tz>
