ANNUAL RECEIVING WATERS MONITORING TOXICITY ESTING QUALITY … · documented in a separate Quality Assurance Plan that is currently under revision (City of San Diego, in prep). Additionally,

ANNUAL RECEIVING WATERS MONITORING & TOXICITY TESTING

QUALITY ASSURANCE REPORT

2015

CITY OF SAN DIEGO OCEAN MONITORING PROGRAM PUBLIC UTILITIES DEPARTMENT

ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND TECHNICAL SERVICES DIVISION

2015 Annual QA Report.indd 1 5/11/2016 1:48:25 PM

2015 Annual QA Report.indd 2 5/11/2016 1:48:34 PM

ANNUAL RECEIVING WATERS MONITORING & TOXICITY TESTING

QUALITY ASSURANCE REPORT

2015

PREPARED BY:

CITY OF SAN DIEGO OCEAN MONITORING PROGRAM PUBLIC UTILITIES DEPARTMENT

ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND TECHNICAL SERVICES DIVISION

MARCH 2016

TIMOTHY D. STEBBINS, EDITOR MAIKO KASUYA, ASSOCIATE EDITOR

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i

Table of ContentsIntroduction .................................................................................................................................. 1 Tim Stebbins

Facilities and Staff ......................................................................................................................... 1 Tim Stebbins

Marine Biology and Ocean Operations ..................................................................................... 2 Marine Microbiology ................................................................................................................. 3

Scope of Work ............................................................................................................................... 4 Tim Stebbins

Summary of Work Performed in 2015 ....................................................................................... 9 Tim Stebbins

CTD Calibration and Maintenance............................................................................................ 9 Adriano Feit

Bacteriological Quality Assurance Analyses ............................................................................. 13 Laila Othman, Sonji Romero

Macrofaunal Community – Resort Analysis .............................................................................. 14 Ron Velarde

Toxicology Quality Assurance Analyses .................................................................................... 15 Nick Haring

Literature Cited ............................................................................................................................ 16

APPENDICES Appendix A: Organizational Charts

Acknowledgments: We are grateful to the personnel of the City’s Marine Biology and Marine Microbiology laboratories for their assistance in the collection and processing of all samples. The completion of this report would not have been possible without their continued efforts and contributions. We would also like to acknowledge the City’s Environmental Chemistry Services section for providing the chemistry data referenced herein.

2015 Annual QA Report.indd Sec2:i 5/11/2016 1:48:34 PM

ii

Table of ContentsLIST OF TABLES 1 NPDES permits governing receiving waters and toxicity testing requirements.................. 2 2 ELAP certifi cations for EMTS Marine Microbiology and Toxicology labs........................ 3 3 NPDES-permit mandated receiving waters sampling effort for Point Loma outfall region 5 4 NPDES-permit mandated receiving waters sample effort for South Bay outfall region..... 6 5 NPDES-permit mandated toxicity testing conducted by EMTS.......................................... 8 6 Number of samples collected and analyzed by EMTS during 2015.................................... 10 7 Summary of CTD intercalibration casts............................................................................... 11 8 Summary of bacteriological QA analyses conducted during 2015...................................... 14 9 Results of macrofauna sample resort analyses for 2015...................................................... 15

LIST OF FIGURES 1 NPDES permit mandated water quality, benthic, trawl and rig fishing stations.................. 7 2 Comparison of results from CTD units #3 and #4............................................................... 12

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2015 Quality Assurance Report

2015 Annual QA Report.indd Sec2:iii 5/11/2016 1:48:34 PM

2015 Annual QA Report.indd Sec2:iv 5/11/2016 1:48:34 PM

1

INTRODUCTION

The Environmental Monitoring and Technical Services (EMTS) Division of the City of San Diego’s Public Utilities Department performs comprehensive Quality Assurance/Quality Control (QA/QC) activities to ensure the accuracy and reliability of both the receiving waters monitoring data and the toxicity testing data provided to regulatory agencies in compliance with the reporting requirements specifi ed in several National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permits (Table 1). These QA/QC procedures assure the quality and consistency of fi eld sampling, laboratory analysis, record keeping, data entry, electronic data collection/transfer, as well as data analysis and reporting. The procedures are regularly reviewed and revised as necessary to refl ect ongoing changes in NPDES permit requirements, sample collection methods, technology, and applicability of new analytical methods.

Details of the division’s QA/QC program for receiving waters monitoring and toxicity testing is documented in a separate Quality Assurance Plan that is currently under revision (City of San Diego, in prep). Additionally, the EMTS Division maintains certifi cation through the International Organization for Standardization 14001 Environmental Management Systems program (ISO 14001). As a part of continuation in the ISO 14001 certifi cation process, EMTS underwent and passed an external audit in 2015 conducted by a third-party auditor.

This report summarizes the QA/QC activities that were conducted during calendar year 2015 by City of San Diego staff in support of NPDES permit requirements for receiving waters monitoring and toxicity testing for the City’s Point Loma Wastewater Treatment Plant and South Bay Water Reclamation Plant, as well as similar ocean monitoring activities required for the South Bay International Wastewater Treatment Plant owned and operated by the International Boundary and Water Commission, U.S. Section.

FACILITIES AND STAFF

The EMTS Division includes laboratories from three different sections that participate in the receiving waters monitoring activities associated with the above NPDES permits: (1) the Marine Biology and Ocean Operations section (Marine Biology Lab); (2) the Microbiology section (Marine Microbiology Lab and Toxicology Lab); (3) Environmental Chemistry Services section (Wastewater Chemistry Lab).

The Marine Biology, Marine Microbiology, and Toxicology Labs are located at the Division’s laboratory facility located at 2392 Kincaid Road, San Diego, CA 92101. Staff scientists from these three labs are responsible for conducting most fi eld sampling operations and subsequent biological and oceanographic laboratory assessments associated with the City’s Ocean Monitoring Program (e.g., water quality, benthic sediments and macrofauna, trawl-caught fi shes and invertebrates, contaminant bioaccumulation in fi shes). Laboratory personnel are organized into different work groups based on their major work responsibilities and areas of expertise (see Appendices A.1, A.2). Brief descriptions of the areas of emphasis for each work group are given in the following sections.

The Environmental Chemistry Services (ECS) section is located at other City facilities and is responsible for performing chemical analyses of the various seawater, sediment and fi sh tissue samples collected by Marine Biology staff. Descriptions of the ECS section and their QA procedures are presented in a separate QA report each year.


2

Marine Biology and Ocean Operations

Data Management and Reporting (DM&R): The primary responsibility of the DM&R work group is to analyze and report receiving waters monitoring data. This includes data QA, data analysis, and the interpretation of results from the receiving waters monitoring activities and other contract work. DM&R personnel work closely with the IT/GIS group (described below) to perform QA of all receiving waters monitoring data that are entered into the laboratory’s database. Various industry standard software packages for data management, data manipulation, statistical analysis, and presentation are used to manage and analyze data from every aspect of receiving waters monitoring. The results and interpretation of these analyses are reported to regulatory and contract agencies in the form of monthly and annual reports.

Information Technology and Geographic Information Systems (IT/GIS): The IT/GIS work group is primarily responsible for the administration of the lab’s database, performing geospatial data analysis, and generating all map products needed for the ocean monitoring program. Daily responsibilities include entry and archiving of ocean monitoring data, validation of data accuracy, maintenance of database structure and integrity, oversight of database access/security issues, and management of database enhancements. This group is also responsible for IT project planning, workfl ow automation programming, and website maintenance to support Marine Biology and other EMTS laboratory staff.

Ocean Operations: This work group comprises two subsections, Ocean Operations and Vessel Operations. Ocean Operations personnel oversee and conduct water quality sampling, benthic sediment and macrofauna sampling, trawling and rig-fi shing, diving operations, and ocean outfall inspections. These staff members maintain and calibrate all oceanographic instrumentation, SCUBA equipment, and the laboratory’s remotely operated vehicle (ROV). Vessel operations personnel are primarily responsible for the operation and maintenance of the City’s two monitoring vessels (Oceanus and Monitor III). When in port, the group’s boat operators schedule and oversee all regular vessel maintenance as well as any modifi cations that may become necessary. While at sea, they are responsible for ensuring the safety of the crew, locating and maintaining position at monitoring stations, and assisting with various deck activities during fi eld operations.

Facility NPDES Permit No. Order No. Effective Dates Notes

PLWTP CA0107409 R9-2009-0001 August 1, 2010 – Order administratively extendedJuly 31, 2015 effective February 19, 2015 a

SBWRP CA0109045 R9-2013-0006 April 4, 2013 – Amended by Order R9-2014-0071April 3, 2018 on November 12, 2014

SBIWTP CA0108928 R9-2014-0009 a August 1, 2014 – Amended by Order R9-2014-0094July 31, 2019 on November 12, 2014

a Letter dated February 19, 2015 to Halla Razak, Director of Public Utilities, from Regional Water Quality Control Board, San Diego Region (Reference = Place ID 248796:JLLIM)

Table 1NPDES permits and associated Orders issued by the San Diego Regional Water Quality Control Board for the City of San Diego’s Point Loma Wastewater Treatment Plant (PLWTP) and South Bay Water Reclamation Plant (SBWRP), and the U.S. Section of the International Boundary and Water Commission’s South Bay International Wastewater Treatment Plant (SBIWTP).


3

Taxonomy: The Taxonomy work group coordinates processing of all benthic macrofauna and trawl invertebrate samples, maintains the taxonomic literature and voucher collections, and conducts taxonomic training. In addition, taxonomy staff produce in-house identifi cation sheets and keys to various species and other higher-level taxa groups. Members of this work group participate in a regional taxonomic standardization program and perform all QA/QC procedures to ensure the accuracy of the taxonomic identifi cations made by laboratory personnel.

Marine Microbiology

Marine Microbiology: The Marine Microbiology Laboratory is certifi ed by the State of California Department of Health Services, Environmental Laboratory Accreditation Program (ELAP), which is renewed on a biennial basis (see Table 2). Microbiology personnel are responsible for the identifi cation and quantifi cation of bacteria found in environmental samples. Responsibilities include the preparation of microbiological media, reagents, sample bottles, supplies and equipment, the collection of fi eld samples along the shore, and laboratory analyses to measure concentrations of fecal indicator bacteria (e.g., membrane fi ltration, multiple tube fermentation, and Colilert-18 and Enterolert chromogenic substrate analyses) as appropriate to the sample type and as required by the NPDES permits. In addition, the group is responsible for the physical maintenance and quality assurance of large instruments such as autoclaves, incubators, water baths, ultra-freezers, a bacteriological safety cabinet, and three reagent-grade water point-of-use systems. Members are also responsible for developing sampling, analytical, and quality assurance protocols for special projects or studies involving microbiology.

Members of the Marine Microbiology Lab also provide for monitoring, surveillance, control and prevention of insects and other pests that are capable of transmitting diseases or causing harm to humans. The primary methods of control include environmental conservation measures, education, and water management techniques aided by appropriate chemical and biological control technology. The vector control program uses methods to census animal populations to determine control effectiveness and trends. Areas of responsibility include wastewater treatment plants, pump stations, buildings and offi ce facilities. Biological assessments (bioassessments) of urban creeks and streams are also conducted to evaluate and analyze short and long-term impacts of sewage spills into watersheds and receiving waters. In such cases, fi eld samples of aquatic communities are collected and fi eld water quality indicators are measured. Physical habitat characteristics and anthropogenic changes are evaluated. Measures, evaluations, and comparisons are made to yield relative ratings of conditions within a specifi ed community.

Toxicology: The Toxicology Laboratory is also certifi ed by ELAP with renewal on a biennial basis (see Table 2). Toxicology personnel are responsible for conducting or overseeing all acute and chronic toxicity testing required by the City’s NPDES permits and contractual obligations. Primary responsibilities

Laboratory Phone EPA Lab ID ELAP Cert. No.

Marine Microbiology 619-758-2360 CA01393 2185Toxicology 619-758-2348 CA01302 1989

Table 2ELAP certifications for EMTS Division Marine Microbiology and Toxicology labs located at 2392 Kincaid Road, San Diego, CA. 92101.


4

include collection of wastewater effl uent or other types of samples, maintaining test organisms and laboratory supplies, calibration of test instruments, conducting acute and chronic bioassays, record keeping, and the statistical evaluation, interpretation and reporting of all toxicology data. In addition to being summarized here, the Toxicology Lab maintains a separate, detailed Quality Assurance Manual that contains up-to-date revisions to refl ect current laboratory practices and procedures, and ensures timely document version control in accordance with ELAP requirements and ISO 14001 standards.

SCOPE OF WORK

The City of San Diego Ocean Monitoring Program is responsible for monitoring the coastal San Diego area to document and analyze possible impacts on the marine environment due to the discharge of municipal wastewater to the Pacifi c Ocean via the Point Loma Ocean Outfall (PLOO) and the South Bay Ocean Outfall (SBOO). Treated effl uent from the Point Loma Wastewater Treatment Plant (PLWTP) is discharged to the ocean through the PLOO, whereas commingled effl uent from the South Bay Water Reclamation Plant (SBWRP) and South Bay International Wastewater Treatment Plant (SBIWTP) is discharged through the SBOO. The separate orders and permits associated with these treatment facilities (see Table 1) defi ne the requirements for receiving waters monitoring and toxicity testing in terms of sampling plans, compliance criteria, laboratory analyses, statistical analyses and reporting guidelines.

The core receiving waters monitoring requirements for the Point Loma and South Bay monitoring programs that were in effect throughout calendar year (CY) 2015 are summarized in Tables 3 and 4, respectively, and the permanent, fi xed position sampling sites for each program are shown in Figure 1. These core monitoring activities include: (1) weekly sampling of ocean waters from recreational areas located along the shoreline and within the Point Loma and Imperial Beach kelp beds to assess nearshore water quality conditions; (2) quarterly sampling of ocean waters at offshore sites in order to document water quality conditions throughout the region; (3) semiannual benthic sampling to monitor sediment conditions and the status of resident macrobenthic invertebrate communities; (4) semiannual trawl surveys to monitor the ecological health of demersal fi sh and megabenthic invertebrate communities; (5) annual collection of fi sh tissue samples to monitor levels of chemical constituents that may have ecological or human health implications. In addition to the receiving waters monitoring activities described above, toxicity testing (acute and chronic bioassays) is required for infl uent, effl uent, and groundwater samples as outlined in Table 5. The results of the above receiving waters monitoring activities and effl uent toxicity tests are analyzed and presented in various regulatory reports that are submitted to the San Diego Regional Water Quality Control Board (SDRWQCB) and United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) on an on-going basis.

In addition to the above core monitoring efforts, the City also conducts “strategic process studies” (i.e., special projects) as part of its regulatory requirements and as defi ned by the Model Monitoring Program developed for large ocean dischargers in southern California (Schiff et al. 2001). These special studies are determined by the City in coordination with the SDRWQCB and USEPA, and are generally designed to address recommendations for enhanced environmental monitoring of the San Diego coastal region as put forth in a peer-reviewed report coordinated by scientists at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO 2004). Data for these directed studies are subject to the same QA/QC procedures as the routine monitoring data, although the analysis and reporting schedules


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Figure 1NPDES permit mandated (fi xed-grid) water quality, benthic, trawl and rig fi shing stations for the City of San Diego’s Ocean Monitoring Program for the Point Loma and South Bay Ocean Outfall regions.

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F22

F21

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F17

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40 1 2 3 4 5

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60m

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7


8

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iant

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th; (

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surv

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and

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e 5

Toxi

city

test

ing

requ

ired

in a

ccor

danc

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ario

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ES

per

mits

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stin

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trigg

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of

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atio

n), a

dditi

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QA

/QC

pro

cedu

res,

or s

peci

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tudi

es.


9

will likely be customized to meet the targeted goals of the special study. Thus, details and results of ongoing QA/QC activities associated with these special studies are not included in this report unless otherwise indicated.

As a part of its regulatory requirements, the City also participates in regional monitoring activities for the entire Southern California Bight coordinated by the Southern California Coastal Water Research Project (SCCWRP). The intent of these regional programs is to optimize the efforts of the various partner agencies (e.g., municipal dischargers, research agencies) and leverage their considerable scientifi c expertise and resources to survey the entire southern California coastal region using a cost-effective monitoring design. These bight-wide surveys have included the 1994 Southern California Bight Pilot Project (SCBPP) and subsequent Bight’98, Bight’03, Bight’08 and Bight’13 regional monitoring efforts that began in 1998, 2003, 2008 and 2013, respectively. During these programs, the City’s regular sampling and analytical effort may be reallocated as necessary with approval of the SDRWQCB and USEPA. As with special studies, the regional monitoring efforts are typically subject to QA/QC procedures similar to those for routine monitoring data, although the analysis and reporting schedules may vary. Thus, the details and results of the bight-wide monitoring efforts are not included in this report unless otherwise indicated. The planning documents for the most recent Bight’13, including the project’s Quality Assurance Plan, are available upon request or for download from SCCWRP’s website (www.sccwrp.org).

SUMMARY OF WORK PERFORMED IN 2015

During CY 2015, a total of 8374 discrete samples were collected by EMTS staff, including samples collected as part of permit-mandated special studies (Table 6). Of these, about 8% (n = 666) were QC samples such as fi eld duplicates. In addition, a total of 1773 QA tests were conducted to validate the quality of specifi c analyses such as macrofauna sorting, microbiological analyses and toxicity tests. The results of the QA/QC activities presented in the following sections support the precision and accuracy of the resultant data and validate their use in permit-mandated monitoring, environmental testing and reporting. These include: (1) intercalibration of the Conductivity-Temperature-Depth (CTD) instruments used to sample water quality parameters; (2) results of the bacteriological QA procedures; (3) results of the macrofaunal community sample re-sorts; (4) results of toxicology QA procedures.

CTD Calibration and Maintenance

Ocean Operations personnel carry out semiannual in-house CTD intercalibration exercises to ensure consistency between the two Sea-Bird Electronics Model 25 CTD instruments used to collect water column profi ling data for the City’s ocean monitoring program. The intercalibration exercise is usually carried out at six month intervals which coincide with the end of the service period for all but three parameters: chlorophyll-a, CDOM, and transmissivity. These three parameters are on a 12 month service period due to the lack of additional backup sensors. Typically intercalibration is conducted in December and July. However, due to scheduling and longer turnaround times for factory calibrations from the manufacturer, the CTD comparison exercises were conducted in September and December of 2015. The instrument designated as Unit #3 is a combination CTD/carousel sampler, while Unit #4 is a standalone CTD unit. During the exercise, Unit #3 and Unit #4 are attached to each other with


10

similar probes aligned and then deployed to a depth of 120 m and retrieved three separate times. For each cast, depths greater than 100 m were discarded in an effort to minimize bottom effects. After all three casts were completed, comparisons of the results for six different parameters (i.e., temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen (DO), pH, chlorophyll-a, transmissivity) were performed to assess whether deviations between the results for different instruments and sensors were within acceptable limits.

The results are summarized in Table 7A and Figure 2, and compared to results from previous years in Table 7B. The intercalibration exercises conducted in September and December of 2015 demonstrated acceptable, minor variability between Unit #3 and Unit #4 for temperature, salinity, DO, pH, chlorophyll-a, and transmissivity. Although the transmissivity variability in both exercises was slightly higher than prior years, this was most likely due to instrument drift after being in service for a year.

In addition to the semi-annual CTD intercalibration exercises, the manufacturers of the various probes recommend annual recalibrations at their factories. Since four sets of conductivity, temperature, pressure, pH, DO probes and pumps are inventoried in-house, each instrument is rotated out of service and sent back to the factory every six months for recalibration along with the system pump. Due to

Number of Samples Collected

Number of Analyses per Sample Type

Sample Type Regular QC Regular QASediment Grabs

Particle Size Subsample 146 a NA (performed by ECS)Chemistry Subsamples 774 ab NA (performed by ECS)

Benthic Infauna Grabs 190 a NA 190 a 30 a

Otter Trawl 26 NA 26 NAFish Tissue 39 NA (performed by ECS)Water Quality

CTD Casts 1161 NA 9638 d NAMicrobiology 4642 c 622 12,694 e 1729 e Suspended Solids 304 32 (performed by ECS)Oil and Grease 112 12 (performed by ECS)Ammonia (as nitrogen) 288 NA 288 NA

ToxicologyAcute Bioassay 2 NA 2 1Chronic Bioassay 24 NA 24 14

a Includes Old Outfall special study stationsb PLOO stations had fi ve subsamples per grab; all other stations had four subsamples per grabc Includes resamplesd Includes up to nine parameters per cast (depth, temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, light transmittance, chlorophyll a, pH density, CDOM)e Includes up to three types of fecal indicator bacteria (total coliform, fecal coliform, Enterococcus)

Table 6Number of discrete samples collected and analyzed by EMTS staff for NPDES permit-related activities during 2015. NA = not applicable; ECS = Environmental Chemistry Services.


11

the lower number of backup sensors for chlorophyll-a, CDOM and transmissivity, these sensors are factory calibrated on an annual basis. However, any time in-house calibration or fi eld use results indicate a problematic probe, it will be serviced earlier than scheduled. The overall rotation schedule of the probes between CTDs is staggered by six months to ensure that each instrument receives a replacement set within the annual calibration period.

The probes actively in use on each CTD undergo further in-house evaluations prior to and during each survey. The DO probe on each instrument is calibrated monthly to check for sensor drift. If the sensor drift is ≥ 5% from factory calibration, the sensor coeffi cients are adjusted accordingly. If the sensor drift deviates 10% from factory calibration, the probe is removed from service, replaced with a newly factory calibrated probe, and returned to the manufacturer for service. The pH and transmissivity probes are checked in the morning prior to each sampling cruise to ensure proper functioning. For pH calibrations, three buffer solutions (7.0, 8.0, 9.0) are used to bracket the expected pH range. If the reading of a particular buffer solution deviates by more than 0.05 pH units, the probe is adjusted electronically using factory provided software and then recalibrated. The transmissometer is checked by cleaning the windows of the LED light path and then noting the zero reading by blocking the light path and the full range reading by removing the obstruction. If any probe fails to calibrate or seems to

Table 7 Summary of the CTD intercalibration casts. (A) casts conducted during 2015. Values are the mean difference (Mean∆) and maximum difference (Max∆) between Unit #3 and Unit #4, as well as the cast number (i.e., 1, 2, or 3), and depth (m) at which the maximum difference occurred; (B) results of CTD intercalibration exercises conducted from 2011 through 2015. Values are the differences between Unit #3 and Unit #4 averaged over all depths (0–100 m).

A September 2015 December 2015

Parameter Mean∆ Max∆ Cast Depth (m) Mean∆ Max∆ Cast Depth (m)

Temperature (oC) 0.030 0.292 3 37 0.027 0.528 2 48

Salinity (psu) 0.020 0.032 3 1 0.006 0.071 3 47

DO (mg/L) 0.206 1.279 3 1 0.122 0.354 3 4

pH 0.022 0.149 1 100 0.027 0.054 2 49

Transmissivity (%) 4.571 6.537 2 19 4.592 6.537 3 98

Chlorophyll a (μg/L) 0.260 2.995 1 11 0.065 0.241 3 1

B Jun Jan Aug Dec Jun Dec Jul Dec Sep DecParameter 2011 2012 2012 2012 2013 2013 2014 2014 2015 2015

Temperature (oC) 0.03 0.01 0.04 0.04 0.02 0.01 0.06 0.01 0.03 0.03

Salinity (psu) 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.02 0.01

DO (mg/L) 0.17 1.02 0.37 0.5 0.06 0.05 0.08 0.07 0.20 0.12

pH 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.31 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.02 0.02 0.02

Transmissivity (%) 1.74 0.76 0.65 1.02 2.92 1.44 4.43 4.27 4.57 4.59

Chlorophyll a (μg/L) 0.08 0.03 1.63 2.55 0.76 0.07 0.04 0.03 0.26 0.06


Figure 2Comparison of results from CTD Units #3 and #4 from one representative cast made during the 2015 CTD intercalibration exercises. Data include cast profi les for (A) temperature, (B) salinity, (C) dissolved oxygen, (D) pH, (E) transmissivity, and (F) chlorophyll a.

Temperature (C)14 16 18 20

Dep

th (m

)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Unit #3Unit #4

Salinity (psu)33.4 33.5 33.6 33.7 33.8

Dissolved Oxygen (mg/L)

4 6 8 10

Dep

th (m

)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

pH (pH units)8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3

A B

C D

12


Figure 2 continued

Transmissivity (%)

60 70 80 90 100

Dep

th (m

)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Unit #3 Unit #4

Chlorophyll a (ug/L)

0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2

E F

13

have drifted out of range, it is removed from the instrument and replaced with a newly calibrated spare.Additionally, the results of each probe are evaluated by reviewing the data following each cast. If any probe is determined to be faulty and a fi eld repair cannot be completed, sampling will be terminated immediately so that the needed repairs can be completed back at the laboratory.

Bacteriological Quality Assurance Analyses

Duplicate analyses are run throughout the year as QA checks on bacteriological data reported by the City. Field duplicates are two separate samples taken from the same station at the same time and then processed by a single analyst to measure variability between samples. Laboratory duplicates are designed to test whether analysts can replicate their own results, and consist of two samples that are diluted, fi ltered, and plated from a single sample container by a single analyst to measure analyst precision. During CY 2015, duplicate laboratory analyses (n = 1384) were performed on 504 samples, ~11% of the water quality monitoring samples collected for the Point Loma and South Bay outfall programs. A total of 354 fi eld duplicates were analyzed (~30 analyses per month). The raw data for these analyses have been reported previously in the Point Loma and South Bay monthly receiving waters monitoring reports.

The sign test (Gilbert, 1987) was used to compare the results from the paired laboratory and fi eld duplicate analyses performed in CY 2015 (Table 8). When matched pairs of samples are used, the sign test assumes that the probability of observing samples with differing plate counts is equally distributed among positive (sample A > sample B) and negative (sample A < sample B) results. Samples that do not differ (i.e., A - B = 0) are ignored. During 2015, results from duplicate fi eld and laboratory analyses were not signifi cantly different (p > 0.05) for each of the three tested indicator bacteria (i.e., total coliforms,


14

fecal coliforms, Enterococcus), indicating low variability between samples and high repeatability of laboratory measurements.

In addition to the above QA analyses, the Marine Microbiology Lab conducts monthly comparisons of bacterial colony counts to quantify the counting precision of each analyst. Counts are performed on a single plate by pairs of analysts with the requirement that counts by any two analysts must fall within 10% of each other. This calculation is known as the Relative Percent Difference (RPD). During 2015, 217 count comparisons were performed, and comparisons for fecal coliforms and Enterococcus consistently fell within the 10% RPD threshold. For total coliform counts, 2 of 57 comparisons had an RPD greater than 10%.

Macrofaunal Community – Resort Analysis

Laboratory analyses of benthic macrofaunal samples involve three processes: (1) sample washing and preservation; (2) sample sorting; (3) identifi cation and enumeration of all invertebrate organisms down to the lowest taxonomic level possible. Quality control of sorting is essential to assuring the validity of the subsequent steps in the sample analysis process. The sorting of benthic samples into major taxonomic groups is contracted to an outside laboratory, with the contract specifying a 95% removal effi ciency expected. Ten percent of the sorted samples from each technician (sorter) at the contract lab are subjected to re-sorting as QA for the contract. The original sorting of a sample fails the QA criterion if the abundance in the re-sorted sample deviates more than 5% from the total abundance of all animals from that sample. More than one failure requires the re-sorting of all samples previously sorted by that sorter.

The re-sort results for the January 2015 and July 2015 benthic samples are shown in Table 9. The percentages of animals found in all re-sorted PLOO, SBOO and Regional samples were ≤ 5% of the total sample abundance. The two samples re-sorted from the 2015 Old Outfall stations are projected to be ≤ 5% of the total sample abundance based on the sorting abundances reported by the contractor lab. Thus all samples resorted from the 2015 surveys met the QA criteria for sorting.

Table 8 Summary of bacteriological QA analyses conducted during 2015 for the City of San Diego’s Ocean Monitoring Program. n = number of sample pairs with different colony counts (samples without differences are not considered); B = the number of positive differences between pairs; Zb = sign test outcome; Ho = the probability of observing positive and negative differences in plate counts between paired samples is equal (see text). Paired samples were compared using the sign test (see Gilbert 1987) at a p = 0.05 level of signifi cance.

Sample Type Parameter n B Zb p Ho

Lab Duplicate Total 139 72 0.424 > 0.05 Accept

Fecal 100 46 -0.800 > 0.05 Accept

Entero 118 61 0.368 > 0.05 Accept

Field Duplicate Total 51 32 -0.980 > 0.05 Accept

Fecal 61 37 1.665 > 0.05 Accept

Entero 61 33 -0.593 > 0.05 Accept


15

Toxicology Quality Assurance Analyses

The Toxicology Laboratory conducts routine reference toxicant testing as a part of its quality assurance program. A reference toxicant is a standard chemical used to measure the sensitivity of the test organisms and test precision. Consistency among the reference toxicant test results enhances confi dence in the toxicity data concurrently obtained from the test material (e.g., wastewater effl uent). A specifi c reference toxicant is used for each combination of test material, test species, test conditions, and endpoints, and the material is chosen from a list developed by the USEPA. The reference toxicant is purchased from an approved supplier in aqueous form (stock solution), and the supplier must verify the concentration of the stock solution and provide written documentation of such analysis.

In most instances, a reference toxicant test is performed at the same time the test material is evaluated. A control chart for each test method is maintained by the Toxicology QA offi cer and/or Laboratory Supervisor using results from no fewer than 20 of the most recent reference toxicant tests. The charted parameters used include: control performance, percent minimum signifi cant difference, coeffi cient of variability (CV), and effect concentrations (e.g., no observable effect concentration and point estimate).

Using a nominal error rate of 5.0%, results from 19 of the most recent 20 reference toxicant tests are expected to fall within two standard deviations of the simple moving average (i.e., unweighted running mean), while one of these tests may fall outside the control chart limits by chance alone. Additionally, a series of EPA-recommended quality control limits are also used to further evaluate test sensitivity.

Table 9 Results of benthic macrofauna sample resort analyses conducted during 2015 for the City of San Diego’s Ocean Monitoring Program. Percent = (the # of animals found in the resorted sample/the total sample abundance) X 100; NA indicates that taxonomic analysis of samples remains incomplete (i.e., total sample abundance unknown).

Survey Station Percent Survey Station PercentPLOO SBOO

Jul-15 E-2 rep 1 3.70 Jul-15 I-6 0.10E-7 rep 1 0.00 I-10 0.18E-7 rep 2 0.00 I-29 0.00E-17 rep 2 0.00 I-30 0.20E-21 rep 1 0.00 I-35 0.00E-26 rep 1 0.00

Old Outfall Regional

Jul-15 B-3 NA Jul-15 8410 0.69A-8 NA 8415 3.20

8426 4.518430 0.008436 0.008454 0.00


16

Each violating run would trigger an investigation of animal supply, reference toxicant stock quality, and laboratory practices. Additional testing may also be conducted to determine whether an exceedance is anomalous or if remedial measures are needed. All NPDES-mandated tests conducted with the affected animals are fl agged, reviewed for anomalous responses, and, in certain cases, tests are repeated with a new batch of animals. In 2015, all reference toxicant control charts for bioassays conducted by EMTS staff met the acceptability criteria.

LITERATURE CITED

City of San Diego. (in prep). Quality Assurance Plan for Coastal Receiving Waters Monitoring. City of San Diego Ocean Monitoring Program, Public Utilities Department, Environmental Monitoring and Technical Services Division, San Diego, CA.

Gilbert, R.O. (1987). Statistical Methods for Environmental Pollution Monitoring. Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., New York.

Schiff, K.C., J.S. Brown, and S.B. Weisberg. (2001). Model Monitoring Program for Large Ocean Discharges in Southern California. Technical Report No. 357. Southern California Coastal Water Research Project, Westminster, CA.

[SIO] Scripps Institution of Oceanography. (2004). Point Loma Outfall Project, Final Report, September 2004. Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, CA.


17

APPENDIX AOrganizational Charts


18


App

endi

x A

.1O

rgan

izat

iona

l cha

rt fo

r the

Mar

ine

Bio

logy

and

Oce

an O

pera

tions

sec

tion

of E

MTS

.

Org

aniz

atio

nC

hart–

FY20

1602

/16/

2016

City

ofS

anD

iego

-Pub

licU

tiliti

esD

ept.,

Wat

er&

Was

tew

ater

Env

ironm

enta

lMon

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g&

Tech

nica

lSer

vice

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ion

Mar

ine

Bio

logy

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cean

Ope

ratio

nsSe

ctio

n

MA

RIN

EB

IOLO

GY

&O

CEA

NO

PER

ATI

ON

SSe

nior

Mar

ine

Bio

logi

stTI

MS

TEB

BIN

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Documents

ANNUAL RECEIVING WATERS MONITORING TOXICITY ESTING QUALITY … · documented in a separate Quality Assurance Plan that is currently under revision (City of San Diego, in prep). Additionally,