A B S 'f 11 A (; '1'

OF 'I'HE

TWE:NTY -THIRD

ANNU AL REPORT

OF THE

FOR

1857

/1 . '. Ie. / <.:, , I I C /J- P

•

MADRAS:

1) Ii I X T E I> AND PUB LIS H E D B Y r. R Hex T • AMERICAN MISSION PRt;S8,_167 J·Ol'H.Ul'S BROAI1WA'Y,

1 858

ABSTRACT OF THE TWEKTY-THIRD ANNUAL REPORT.

THE American Madura. Mission was commenced on the 3eth J nly 1834. It is therefore the history of its 23d year which it is our present business to relate.

It is required of us to tell the advances made, the successes or reverses experienced. It is expected that in this letter we describe the present condition of the missionary enterprize in this district.

This task is on many accounts a difficult one, and we can scarcely hope adequately to express, and fully to convey to you our own impressions. There are many results in the progress of the work, most sustaining and encouraging to our hope, which can only be appreciated by ourselves, they cannot well be em­bodied in a report; on the other hand, some of the fa.cts we record will probably excite undue expectation, or produce a false impression; against these we fear we shall not, however cau­tiously we may write, entirely guard.

Among the means often employed to exhibit the true value of a statistical series representing the present period, one of the mo~t successful is the collating of them with the statistics of former years. By this means not only is the actual and relati ve value of the facts themsel ves more justly appreciated, but new deductions, and important inferences may not unfrequcntly be made.

This is the course we intend to pursue in the present report. May the God of truth nnd love a.id us; may we be assisted jeal­ously to guard our own spirit, lest while we seek to encourage the fdends of our cause, and are ourselves rejoicing, and taking hea.rt for the future, we yield to undue exaltation or to self­gratulation. This review will suggest to us new reasons for a deeper humility, for more prayer and watchfulness, and will furnish fresh evidence of our entire dependence on the aid of

-Him who has said, "'Vithout me ye Clln do nothing."

The statements to be made in this report will appear under the following heads.

I. The field. II. The Missionaries. III. The Native Helpers. I V The Churches. V. The Congregations. VI. Education. VII. Concluding remarks.

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I. TOE FIELD.

The Madras Presidency, which contains about one sixth of t.he population-of British India, is divided into 21 districts of which the Madura. district is the most populous. According to the last census it contained 1,792,737 inhabitants.- We com­pute its present population to be at least 1 ,BOO,OOO; with an area. of 10,700 square miles. This coUectora.te, therefore, whether its area., or its population be regarded, is about one-tuJeljth of the presidency, and more than one eightieth of a.ll India. This field is apF.Opriately our own. Our right, that of prior occupation, has bOOn fully conceded by the Church Mission in the South, and by the Missionaries of the London Society in the North. Two agents of the Gospel Propagation Society are still however sta­tioned in the district.

The Tamil speaking population on the continent of India bas been estimated at 9,800,000 ; of this number nearly one sixth or 1,600,000 reside in this district.

About three years ago we divided our field into 18 station districts, containing each an a.verage of 100,000 inhabitants and 594 squa.re miles. Only eight of these stations are at preseftt occupied; two of the remaining ten have been assigned to brethren who will take charge of them £rom the commencement of 1858.

When Mr. Dwight reached the Mission in J 836, nearly two years from its commencement, he found all the brethren, five in Dumber, collected in the city of Madura. Two of them then made an attempt to establish a station at Ramnad, but within /ou.r months it was abandoned. Towards the close of the same year the town ot Dindigul, 38 miles nort1], was occupied by one of their number, and in the year following another was sent to the same place, and the surrounding country was divided into two station districts. Just at that time several new Missionaries arrived, 80 that early in the following yeal' more territory was occupied; Sivagunga, a toWD 28 miles east, TirupUvanam, 12 miles east., and Tirumangalam the same distance south-west of Madura. were se1eetsd for the residence of Missionaries. 'I'he district· around Madura was subsequently divided as that of Dindigul had been, and committed to the cbarge of two brethren. Ten years elapsed before another advance was made. In 1848, Periyakulam. a town 50 miles west of Madura was occupied. Two years after that Mr. Taylor removed from Tirupuvanam to ldandapasalai·a village 40 miles sout.h. No further attempt was

'# Tbu Htum doea not Inlllude the inhabitants Df the llaoap~ai Talflk. wblch abont twO' yean .9 was jDined 'With the Tricbinol,oly dJitriot. l'biJ however fww6 pM't. Df our field.

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made to distribute the Missionary force till the year 1855. In that year Vattalakundu," 20 miles south-west of Dindigul, and MeIur, 18 miles north-east of Madura, were selected as new centres of operations. The districts around Madura and Din­digul were then each left to the oversight of a single Missionary, and the brethren, thus released, took charge of the new stations.

During the present year we have made preparations for build­ing in Pulney, a large town 34 miles west of Dindigul, and at l\ianamaturai in the Pattiyanur district, 30 miles south-east of Madura. The occupation of Usalampatti, where arrangements for building had been commenced, and which was last year re­ported as an occupied station, has for the present been reluctantly postponed. We were obliged to remove the Brother to whom it had bf:'cn assigned to Melu.r, the station left vacant by the absence of Mr. Muzzy.

The total number of years of missionary labor bestowed upon this field is 186,t of these 59~ have been bestowed upon th~ l\1.adura station districts; 39 on those in Dindigul; 26 on Tiru­mangalam; 14~ on Tirupuvanam; l~k on Sivagunga; 8 on Periyakulam; 7 on Mandapasalai; I on Vattalakundu; I on Melur; I on Ramnad; and 13! on the Seminary since its re­moval to Pasumalai. It should be remarked however that much labor has generally been expended on a. district previous to its occupation by a Missionary, as in Periyakulam, Yattalakundu, Mandapasalai and Melur. The first and second were branches of the Dindigul station, the third of Tirupu Yanam, and the fourth of Madura.t

n.-THE MISSIONARIES.

I. Our numbers.

The torol number of Missionaries who have at ,'ariolls times been connected with the Madura 1\1 i~sion i::i tu'(>nly-eigll.t; of these two were Physicians, and one a layrunn ('lllployed in the educational department.

Tltrce brethren died whilst connected with the Mission.§

• The names of tho occupiell, and unoccupied Stations lLl'e ~iyen in Table A,

t Thla amount does not inclu.le the time occupied in visits to A merit'll and elsewhere }u'yond the limits of the dlstriet, for bealth and otber Purl,osea, in all about III years,

t Further pnticullU'll !"'spectlng the (It'cupation of these stations lUay be learned by consulting TullIo No. II in the Apl>cnuix.

~ It is somt'whl\t rmm\rkable that nearly 10 yeus sllould haTe ~Iapsed sillet! a eeath oecuned amollg tlte MiliSlOnAI'II!tI of thili Musion.

Five were transferred at their own request to other mISSions. Eiglat became disconnected from us after their return to Ameri­ca. Ekwn are now in the field, and onB is on a visit to the United States.

or the twenty-eigbt, mt&eteen only received from the Pruden­tial Committee a designation to this Mission. The remaining "ine joined us from the neighbolll'ing Missions.

Elef1ef& Missionaries have labored in the Mission from ) to 5 years; S~B'II from 5 to 10; Eight from 10 to 20; Two have joined the Mission during the present year.

From 'he commencement to the present time, the average number of Missionaries in this field for a year has been 86. We have seen that during the 23 years since the mission was established we have lost by death, transfer, and in other ways no fewer than 16 Missionaries; that is, an average of 2 in every 3 years. If then, to maintain an average of 86 on the ground, it has been necessary to supply 2 in every 3 years, to maintain an average of 12, which is our present number~ it will be necessary to send us 3 in the snme period, or one Missionary a year.

But can the Boar~and the Christian community in Ame­rica be satisfied in an assurance that they are fulfilling their dnty to the Madura district by maintaining a corps of 12 Missionaries on tl1e gronnd?

The Deputation which visited us in 1855 remark in their Jetter to the mission dated March 23-29, '" The fact is sig­nificant that God bas given us tbis fine Madura district to culti­vate with • • • the general consent of Protestant Christendom that we have it all to ourselves. " But is it not our duty to enquire what amount of responsibility this involves? "God bas gh'en us" then, ODe sixth of all the Tamil speaking population of India to "'disciple;" it is "wi,h the general consent of Protestant Chris­tendom" too, that we have undertaken it. We have officially aecepted t.he responsibility, and claimed the privilege given in Heaven, and acknowledged on earth, the privilege of accomplish­ing this great work all by our,elve,. Are we then proving our­selves worthy of this high trust? Are we keeping faith with Him who has made us stewards, and with our brethren who have so generously accepted us as fellow-laborers and given us room in which to work?

Let us not dismiss these questions with a hasty reply. • In the year 1856, there were 110 foreign Missionaries labor­

ing among the Tamil people on the Continent; this number included our own which was then but 10. So tbat with a sixth of the responsibility, we were doing but little more than one

it Ie. Tabl. X III in the Appendia.

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tWPlfth of the work; for whi1(' the Missionary Soeieti('jil (If G rf'at Britain have sent, on an average, a Missionary for every 82,000 of the Tamil people in their care, we have sent but one to every 160,000· of those left to us.

I t should be remarked that in this estimate we are comparing the efforts we have made with those made by our brethren, and not with the high standard of duty and obligation to which we cannot suppose that even .. they have attained.

Should· it be affirmed that our duty is Dot to be measured by what others are doing, but by the claims of the district either independently considered, or regarded with relation to the means a.t the disposal oC the Board, and the claims of our Missionary operations in other parts of the world;

By way of reply, we would with all respect and earnestness enquire, whether on 11 careful consideration of the statements we hRve made, the Prudential Committee, and the churches in America can decide that a corps of twentg two, or twentg three Missionaries is larger than the district requires. Supposing the Mission raised to that number, no more than eighteen brethren would be left available for direct missionary labor in the field; for in the first place, an average of between two and tnree of that number would be absentees, t and two would be required for the Seminary, leaving one for each of the eighteen stations, that is one for a population of 100,000, residing in an area of nearly 600 square miles.

In the states of Ma.qsachnsetts, Connecticut, Vermont, and Rhode Island, with a population less than that of the Madura district, there were in 1851,3179 clergymen, being an average of one to every 571 of tbe inhabitants.

The Committee will not be slow to a.pprecia.te the depth and earnestness of our own feelings on this subject, when they ob­Rerve that three of our number have consented to a separation of several years from their families when a ,'isit to America be­came necessRry rather than themselves be away from the field. After an absence from home and friends of from ten to jiftet!1l, years, and a residence during all that period in a climate emi­nently debilitating, they have denied themselves the privilege of accompanying their families and are laboring alone-but we

"If to these be added the 200,000 lnhabitants of our district not included among the Tamil R[JI'aking population, it will give 180,000 for every Missionary; and if further, iDlU!Ad of the 10 M18alonariu then on the ground, we allow only the average of SA. the number of 80U1l in the care of each Mi .aionary will exceed 211,OOO!

t The history of thia Mission for the Jut 1m years proves that an average of one Miuiooary in every eight or nine will be absent from the field on .('count of health: and by COUllUlting the Reports of thl' Board for J 853 and J 855, we observe that. omit­tlag tbe Indian, Sandwioh Islands, and Micronesian Missions, about the surue &\'erage obtains In other part1I of tbe world. In 1853. of 121 Missionaries, 14, and in 11155, of the Amt" humber, 15 WE're visiUng In America on 8C'C'Olmt of health.

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write of ourselves, pardon tile fault. Are the churches prepared to require of U8 this sacrifice? Will they, by straitening us in numbers to tha last degree, compel us to adopt this course? The circumstances of several of the brethren now in the field, render it probable that within four or five years as many families will be obliged to return to the United Stutes. But how can we leave our stations? How, on the other ha.nd, can we send off our fa­milies who equally need our presence? May God, in mercy, pour out upon the young men in our 'Colleges, and Seminaries, the compassionate Spirit of His own dear Son.

2. Our labors.

OllT work is either at home at the station centre, or away from home in the district. Nearly a. month is occupied annually in attending the general, and local meetings of tile mission. An avcl'8e.uc of five weeks is spent at the sanitarium. About four weeks in the year is taken up by the Monthl!! meetings wTth our Catechists; so that of the twel"e mmatlu, but nine are left clear for touring and the other regularly recurring station work. During tbo present year about 10 days less than one-third of this period has been spent by us in visiting the distant congregations, and in preaching to the heathen scattered over the district.

From the returns of seven brethren it appears that they have 8pent an aggregate of 533 days on tours, which gives an In-crage of 79 days for each brother.

All the brethren, when at home, have not in all CASes exactly the same kind of work to do. At some of the station centres, the church and congregation are smaU, at others comparative 4

ly large, requiring a large share of tbe time and attention of the Missionary. The brother in Madura bas, besides the care of the Girls' Boarding School, the duties of secretary and treasu· rer; he bas also, in the absence of the Physician, to 8uperj~tend the Dispensary, and the book Depository. In Tirwnangalam the management of the Boys' Boarding School has occupied part of the time of the brother. The MiRsionary at Periyakulam has had the care of ihe sanitarium. The time· of the brother at Dindigul has been much occupied in the preparation of books in the vernacular. The bretbren at Vattalakundu and Melur have devoted much time during the year to the building of the mis­sion-house at their respective stations. The work of the Princi­pal of t.be Seminary at Pasumalai is of course "sui generis."

But there are many duties which are common to all the sta­tions, ami which are discharged of by us when at home. Such are, conducting the regular religious s~rviccs, with or without

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preaching, on the Sabbath and on wcek days; conversing with, and instructing the people who vi!;it the bungalow; preaching in the town and the neighbouring villages, instructing the native helpers, examining the school, &c.

As further illustration of the character and amount of the work done by the brethren of this Mission, we will quote from two or three of the returns furnished for this report.

At Tirumangalam there is preaching twice on the sabbath, and da.ily prayers are held with the school children, servants, and others. The congregation which meets in the church on the sabbath averages 100. Mr. Herrick preaches frequent]y in the streets and in a building belonging to the mission situated in the centre of t.he town. He considers that .0 a necessary preparatory work is thus accomplished." In respect to touring in the dis­trict, he says, "most of my tours have been made for the double purpose of visiting village congregations, and laboring among the people generally; I have sometimes travelled considerably further than would have been necessary simply for visiting the congregations.» Upon the manner of introducing himself to the people on these tours, he remarks, "I not unfrequently pass a. night, or most of the day among the heathen. I always aim on these occasions to make known to them the tl'11th 'as it is in Jesus'. I speak or read to as many as will hear, and give books to such as are able to read, and desire them. I some­times commence by reading, sometimes by speaking, sometimes by singing:"

Mr. Rendall says in reference to his labors, "I preach in the cllUrch every sabbath morning, and Mr. Cornelius, the teacher of the female boarding school, in the afternoon. Besides these services there are five others on the sabbath which are held, one in the jail, and four in neighbouring congregations. I conduct one of these myself, the rest are left to the catechists. During the week there is a meeting for females conducted by.Mrs. Ren­dall, and stated meetings ore held in several village congre­gations in the vicinity of Madura. I make it a point to attend them when possible. The avera.ge attendance at the morning service on sabbath is 125. My efforts for the heatben in the city have been more occasional than stated and r(>gular; as the result of these there are additions to the church occasionally and I think a 8Virit of enqniry is increasing."

Mr. Chandler says, "Every day, and on moonlight evening~ when at home, I go to the town or adjacent villages to preach. A spirit of enquiry has thus been excited; one brahman is rend­ing the Bible with much apparant interest.

Mr. Taylor suys "he has no preaching sen-ice!' at t.he station

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centre for the heathen exclusively, but meetings llre held with the Christian families living among them, so that in this way they get some knowledge of the truth. He converses with them as occasions present themselves, and the duty of doing 80, both in season, and out of season, is carefully impressed on the minds of all Christians."

The methods of doing good both at home and abroad, pursued by the brethren from whom these quotations ha\'e been made are, ill aU essential respects, those pursued by the rest of us. Some are more, and some less systematic in their labors. '\Y e should all, as the result of experience and observation, heartily subscribe to tho proposition, "that the oral utterance of the gospel in public and private is the chief instramentality for the conversion of the world."

As to the results of our labors the statistical tables furnish some information. We are assured that all the means we are using are accomplishing their end. One brother remarks, "our fruit thus far has been gathered chiefly from among the lower ranks, but there is evidently springing up among the higher class­es a disposition more favorable to Christianity, and there are some indications that fruit may be expected among them before long. We are trying the power of the gospel among them, and the proofs that it is mighty are enough to rebuke our unbelief."

We greatly need a fresh baptism of the Spirit, the love of God Rbed abroad in our hearts. There is 80 much danger of set.tling down into a formal routine. Oh! for the quickening impulses of a new and divine life, urging us to daily aets of self-denial, and sustained efforts for the conversion of all around us. With a deep sense of our need we implore the prayers of the Israel of God.

3. Our Health.

All aggregate of 57 weeks has been spent at tbe Sanitarium, during the past year, by eight of tile brethren. This gives an average of about 5 weeks for each brother in the mission. And from the returns, not quite perfect, which we have received from the brethren now in the mi88ion, in reply to questions upon this subject, we conclude tha.t the aggregate and average for the past nine or ten years has been a little leas than we report for the present year.

None of the adult members of the mission have suft"ered from severe sickness during the year. With but one or two exceptions the health of us all has been uniformly good. One little one however hw; been taken from U8.

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In this connection we would allude to our great need of a physician. We think the principle adopted by the Prudential Committee of sending a Missionary Physician to all their princi­pal missions is both liberal, and economical. From the history of the mission it appears that the brethren have enjoyed the services of a Physician for only 1) 1 years. All but one of the adults who have died in the mission, died during the time when we were destitute of a physician. It was three years after the mission was commenced when Dr. Steele arrived; during that period tltree ladies had died. His actual services had extended only to 3~ years when he died. In the subsequent five years, during which we were without a physician, (including Mr. Whit­tlesey,) we lost by death three male and three female Missionaries. In 1847 Dr. Scudder arrived, and remained with us until he was relieved by Dr. Shelton in 1849. It is now a little more than two years since Dr. Shelton left us. It is true the Assistant Surgeon attached to the Government Establishment in Madura is a skil­ful man, and willing to render us assistance in all cases of emer­gency, but he cannot leave the city to attend on mission families in the district; and should he be removed, as he is liable to be at any time, his place may be filled by a person unwilling to render us even that amount of aid. We think the present state of the families in the Mission, and the feeble health of two or three of the ladies an additional reason of great weight in favor of a physician being sent to us without delay. In concluding our remarks on this subject we quote a sentence from a letter of ~lr. Little, "The review of the year's labor is a sad one to me; my family ha\'e been with me at the station only 2 A months; they have been on the hilli.' 5 ~ months, and four months in Ma­dura. Such frequent and protracted absences are great hindrances to the work. The four months' absence in Madura would have been avoided had we had a mission physician."

4. Our neu' hret/n'en.

Early in this year we had the pleasure of welcoming Messrs. Caprun and \Yhite with their wives to a ~hare in our labors. They reached Madura on the 6th April, and were exclusiyely engaged until September in the study of the language. At the meeting of the mission which took place in that month, Mr. Cap­ron was designated to take the charge of the station of Pattiya­nur, and Mr. White of Pulney.

5. The absent .J.llissiollari('s.

Mrs. Noyos with her family left us in 1855. \Ye rejoice to B

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hear favorable reports of the state of Iter health, and trust she may soon be able to rejoin her husband in this country.

We are happy to learn that Mr. and Mrs. :Muzzy, with Mrs. Taylor and children have during the present year reached the U oiled States in safety ~

We have just parted with Mrs. Rendall and family who with John, the eldest son oC Mr. Burnell, has left us for a visit to her native land. They embarked from Madras in the ship Agra on 19th December. Mrs. Rendall hopes to be able to r~join her IlUSband within two years.

m.-THE NATIVE HELPERS.

1. Their Clasrijication. .

Until ] 8S0 the only designation they received was that of "Native assistants." In tbat year they were divided under two denominations, that of "Station Helpers" and "Village cate­chists. " In 1853 a further classification was made under the head "Native preachers," which in 185S gave plaee to that of "Native pastors." In that year the term Station helpers was changed to that of "Station catechists." And the "Village catechists" were further subdivided into "Readers" and "Cate­chists." The classi1ication therefore which has obtained for the past three or four years and w hicb may be regarded as fixed is 1. Pastors, 2. Station catechists, 3. Village catechists, 4. Read-81'& To these may perhaps properly be added the higher grade of teachers, and the village school-masters; but to these we shall refer in another place.

2. Their numhers.

From Table IV, in the Appendix, it will be seen that the number of our native helpers has been steadily increasing from the commencement of t.he mission. This year the total number of all grades is lOS.

There were reported last year 939 Catechists and Readers, emeloyed by all the missions in the Madras Presidency. The native helpers therefore in our mission were nearl,. one ninth of the whole; whilst our missionaries are but one nineteenth and our catechumens, and communicants each but about one sixteenth.

According to the reporte of the different missions in South India for 1856 there were at the close of that year a total of

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84,723 people under instruction. Omitting the catechists of mis­SiODS where there are no congregations, this would give an avera.ge of 93 men, women, a.nd children, or of 56 adults to the care of each catechist.· It will be seen by another reference to· Table IV that the average number of adults in the care of each ca.techist in our mission was in 1851, but 27, and in 1853 but 29; last year it was 30, this year it is again one less.t It is true that the missions to the south of' us are older and have conse­quently within their limits much larger congregations than are found in our station districts; but the average size of their con­gregations would scarcely be three times that of ours. In the Church Mission in Tinnevelly there is but one catechist to 86 adults. If again we compare our mission in this respect with those which more nearly resemble it in size we shall observe a disproportion nearly as great: In the Church Mission in Cochin there are 5,223 people under instruction and hut 40 catechists, an average of 78 adults to each catechist. In the Leipzig Lutheran Mission, there are 4,517 catechumens and 53 cate­chists. In the German Evangelical society there are only 36 catechists for 3,969 people, an average of 110, or 66 adults to each catechist.

The increase of the Catechist corps in this mission would ap­pear to be somewhat disproportionate to the growth of the mission as a whole, and there would also seem to be a tendency to in­crease its numbers at the expense of its efficiency.

This is a subject which demands investigation. We feel ourselves called upon to enquire whether a smaller body of more competent men, each one having the charge of all the congrega­tions within a limited space, say of 30 or 40 square miles, be not more economical and more efficient? Would not one pious, energetic, systematic catechist accomplish more within a limited district, than two or th.ree incompetent men placed over 8B many congregations in the same district. Should we not in some such wa.y as this aim at placing a much larger average of adults under the care of each catechist than our present returns exhibit.

3. Their pay.

The avera.ge pa.y of the station Catechists since 1850 has been Rs.7, As. 2. That of the village Catechists and Readers taken together for the same period is Rs.5-2. The number of Bead­ers is about three-fifths that of the catechists, and their average

i,

• See Table XIII in the Appendix. t By oOl/sulting our reports tur tbe laat few years we observe that in our village con­

grecatioDII the adults &l'e to the children ver, nearly in the proportiou of 3 to 2. Iu the calculations hon DU\de respecting other missions we have adopted this proportion.

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pay n trifle under Rs. 4. This would leave for the village cate­chists an average of something tinder Ra. 7.·

We have no means of comparing these sums with those which are given in the neighbouring missions. The subject will pro­bably receive the attention it. demands at tbe approaching con­ference of the Missionaries in South India. It is still under consideration by this Mission. We heartily approve of the ge­neral principles expressed by the Deputation for the regulation of this subject. We find, however, that great difficulties lie in the way of their practical application. We are endeavouring to systematize, and trust by perseverance to attain to more satisfac­tory results.

4. Their duties.

We generally expect our Village Catechists and Readers to conduct public religious services twice on the sabbath in the congregations, devoting a part of the time on one or on both occasions to the catechetical instruction of the adults. If a catechist bas the care of more than one congregation he has to make arrangements, as best he can, for a meeting of the mem­bers to be conducted by one of them in his absence.

Besides these Sabbath duties, it is expected that he spend a part of every day in the week, one, two or three hours, in the morning or evening, or it may be during the heat of the day, in instructing the members, either individually or in companies in the prayer house or the fields, in their own dwellings or by the road side.

His duties are not confined to the members of the congre­gation. As of len as may be possible he is to go forth into the town or village, and into the adjacent towns and villages, to read and expound the scriptures, to the heathen, and to exhort them to be reconciled to God.

Every catechist and reader is required to keep a daily jour­nal of all he does, for the inspection of the missionary, and &9 a fart.her check on that love of ease and indulgence to which in this country he is 80 prone to yield, he is encouraged and ex­horted to spend a. part of every day in reading and studyiog Cor in~llectual and spiritual improvement.

, The general duties of the readers, do not greatly differ from those of the catechists. They are however an inferior class of,

• It wiD be obllen'ed that the cl&uUicatkm bere 11 4lft"eHnt from tbat made In the J'eport of the miMlon adopted at t.be1r meettaa' with the =tatltm. wbicb will accottDt fur an apparaat dlacrep.a.acy in the avttl'll&'t pa1 tbere npo and the stat.menta here ua.act..

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men, and have consequently less pay and less responsibility. More than half of them spend much of their time in teaching the school connected with the congregation; and it may here be re­marked that quite a number of the schoolmasters, have toge­ther with their school duties the care or a small congregation.­As the work of catechists and readers is so similar, it is quite natural that the classification of a few in both divisions should not be very uniform. The best of the readers and the poorest of the catechists are as a matter of fact, sometimes reckoned in one class, and sometimes in another.

The duties of the station catechists are better defined. They have generally more secular work to do, such as copying, trans­lating, superintending the repairs and building done at the station centre, &c. They preach in the church in the absence of the mIssIonary. They are also sometimes sent to visit the villages and report on their condition, or they accompany the missionary on his tour. They also labor among the heathen in the town and surrounding villages. They are a better educated class of helpers, and &om their frequent contact with the missionary make more rapid advances in general knowledge and intelligence, and we hope, in some instances, in piety.

Of the pastors we shall speak in another place. We would remark generally on the duties of catechists, that very few of them do well for any length of time in situations where their work is not regular and well-defined. For this reason we do not often send them to do the work of evangelists only, in towns and districts which are too remote for the immediate and constant supervision of the missionary. The vis inertite of the indian temperament is ordinarily too persistent to be entirely overcome by the feeble action of their Christian principle. They need to have their work indicated. They must know what is expected of them day by day and hour by hour. The very best of them need this kind of help from the missionary. It is unreasonable to expect that without it, they will persevere long in any course of active effort.

\Yith advice kindly ghren and oft-repeated, with rules for the division of their time, not too minute yet unmistakably defined, with the frequent application of intellectual stimuli, and aboTe aU by a constant, affectionate fostering of the spirit of Christ within t hem, we may hope that even men of moderate abilities, and attainments a.mong them, may be successful in the instruc­tion and care of a congregation.

These remarks lead us to consider lastly, their character and qualifications. These have been often described, and are

14

pel-haps pretty well understood, so tba.t it will be unnecessary to dilate. Some things however should be said here.

First, as to the different and often exceedingly conflicting statements which have proceeded from individual missionaries and from missionary bodies on this subject. This may be parti­ally explained by the fact that not ouly is the estimate of no two missionaries exactly the snme, but that that of each Missionary is within certain limits constantly fluctuating.

As to the sincere piety of most of our helpers we all entertain a cheerful hope; and although we have to lament the great want er conscientiousness on some points of morality, and have constant evidence that their conscience is in very few particulars highly educated, we are not unfrequently cheered with the evidence that they have made successful efforts after self-control, and are from year to year growing in those things that are true, honest, just, pure, lovely, and of good report. In every estimate of their character we should remember "the hole of the pit whence tbey were digged;" we must not forget that their origin is from a nation who, like the Cretians, "are alway liars." ·We must bear in mind that their strongest temptations are to duplicity, equivo­cation, dishonesty, obsequiousness, and mean evasion. These hateful sins occupy the place which is filled by pride, avarice, and covetousness in the churches of our own land. .

In respect to quickness of perception, mental activity, and in­telligence we can speak more favorably. They are moreover, extremely patient and forbearing; and they generally manifest a desire to improve when they perceive their imperfections. They greatly lack experience, order, and habits of self-control in the regulation of tbeir time.

A very few of the most intelligent and systematic among them might perhaps with safety be left to adopt their own course in instructing and training the members; but as a general rule it is absolutely necessary that the Missionary indicate the course to be pursued, and the rate gf progress which is attainable.

The catechists and readers are generaUy better educated men, and not unfrequently better christians in every respect than the rest of our converts; as proof of this we have pleasing testimony from many quarters that they are respected and be­loved by those among whom they live and for whom they labor. We have reason to believe also that not a few of them are esteem­ed beyond the limits of their own people, and that their preach­ing and advice is heard with respec~ful attention by the heathen in the districts where they reside.

We are impressed more and more thoroughly with the impor­taw-,e of the means in operation for their intellectual and spiri-

]5

tual improvement. Besides the instruction which tbey receive every month from each missionary at his own station; and that which they receive at the time of the semi-annua.l-gatherings (which were 80 well described in the report of the Prudential Committee for 1856), the seminary is now accessible to all those who are prepared to profit by a short course of instruction there. Several very useful books have also been prepared for them. Nearly 1000 pages of the size of super royal octavo, closely printed have within the last four years been issued by the Mission in a quarterly periodical prepared for their especial benefit; and other valuable works issued by our own and other missionary societies have also been put into their hands. All these influ­ences are needed, they are all good, and may be expected to pro­duce, with the divine blessing, the very best fruit. Already we perceive cheering evidence of their beneficial effects. But in this department of our labors as in every other we must recur to the qualified promise, "In due season we shall reap if we faint not" .

We would conclude what we have to say on this subject by remarking,

1st. We highly value the assistance rendered us by our native brethren, we regard it as essential to the success of our enter­prize; and we are not prepared to aftirm that in "this stage of our work among the people, it is on the whole less efficient than we could reasonably expect.

2d. In the presence of so much help both in the congregations and in the pioneering department, we would in this place record our deep conviction that there is need on our part of great watch­fulness lest we yield in some measure to self-indulgence and so leave any part of our own appropriate work to be done by them.

3d. As the duties of the catechists approximate in so many particulars to those of the pastor, we must beware lest their pre­sence delay the natural development of that divinely appointed order in the churches.

IV.-THE CHURCHES.

I. Ntl,mber of Communicants.

It will be seen by a reference to Statistical Table B tbat 126 persons have been added to the churches by profession during the year. If to these be added members received by letter from othl'r Missions, and those pl'cdously undcr discipline who han' bC(,1l

16

restored during the year to church pri vileges, we have a total of 147; but from this mU$t be deducted those dismissed to other missions, excommunications, and deaths, leaving a net increase of 116 which is equal to about 14 per cent. In 1853 the net increase on t.he previous year was 32 per cent; in 1854 it was 31 per cent; in 1855 it was 19 per cent.; in 1856, 18 per cent. In years preceding 1853 the per centage was less t.ban in the years immediately succeeding.

The present total number of communicants is 920. The proportion of church members to adult members of the

congregation is about 1 to 3 i. In 1850 it was 1 to 6; in 1854, 1 to 51. Since that time only 191 adults have been added to the con­gregations while 349 members have been received to the churches.

The proportion of church members to adults is not exactly the same in all the stations. In Madura they are 107 to 310; in Dindigol 90 to 259; in Mandapas8.lai 333 to 970; in Tiruman­galam 83 to 444; in Periyakulaal 131 to 604; in Vattal&kundu SO to 144, in MeIur 30 to 115.

But &8 members of the different churches in the mission are frequently changing their relations by the removal of catechists and their families, or by some new arrangements of the station districts, these proportions do not convey a very accurate view of the actual proportion of the adults in the congregations admitted to the privileges of the church by the brethren in their respecti~e fields. H therefore the number of church members received by profession since 1850 be compared with the present number of adllltsinthe congregatiODS we find the proportion to be &8 follows: DiDdigul, 1 in 6; Madura, 1 in 5 ; Periy&kulam, 1 in 6; Tiro­mangaJam, I-in 6; Mandapas8lai 1 in 8i.

If DOW the "Comparative view of the missions in the Aladraa Presidency" 85 exhibited in Table XIII be consulted, we find that the proportion of church members to the adults in the con­gregations connected with all the missions was in 1856 as 1 to 4. In the Church Missionary Society's missions it was 1 to 41_ In the London Society's missions it was 1 to 7 I. Last year the pro­portion in our own mission was the same &8 the common.,average or all the missions; this year our proportion would probably be greater than that of any other mission, excepting only that among the Syrian Christians in Cochin.

Various inferences might be drawn from these figures; an inference highly favorable as to the results of the training and ina&ruetion of the congregations: for the increase of the churches has been almost exclusi vely from that source.

Another inference might be drawn unfavorable -as-W the proa~-

17

pective and permanent increase of the churches; this inference is certainly unavoidable if the proportion of the churches to the congregations should continue to increase at the rate at which it has for the past 6 or 8 years.

A fear might arise, perhaps not unreasonably, that the stand­ard of admission to the privileges of the church had become too lax, that the evidence of piety required by us had gradually be­come less decided, or that in the government of the church a discipline sufficiently strict has not been observed. An exami­nation of the recent reports of the mission shews that during the past five years there have been 66 suspensions and 18 ex­communications, an average of about 13 of the former and 3k of the lattert which allows for each church about 11'(; for discipline in the form of suspensions and scarcely one-third for excommu­nications.. Considering the character of the people generally this would appear a very small proportion, 16 in 682. During the past year it has been but 16 in 920.

2. Village Cllurches.

The number of these churches is ) 2, the same as last year. The largest of the five which have been organized by the mis­sion in the Mandapasalai district contains 61, and the smallest 15 members. The average of the five churches in the Periyaku­la.m district is 20. The church in Mallankiniru contains 37, and that at KHamattur in the 1iladura district 21. The account of the money contributions of these churches do not appear to have been kept separate from those of the congregations in the district, except in the case of the church at Karisalkulam, under Mr. H. Zilva. Other churches contributed for general benevo­lent purposes and not for the support of the pastor especially.

Mr. Noyes remarks, "the special advantages resulting from the organization of these little churches is, that tlIe members have felt as they never felt before, that they are parts of a body of believers having an important relation to each other, and impor­tant duties to discharge in watching over one a.nother. The deacons in these churches have seemed to feel a spiritual respon­sibility in relation to the church and congregation, and have manifested a desire to promote the peace and prosperity of the churches. Yet as these churches have been destitute of pastors, the advantages of the organization are less apparent, than they would otherwise have been."

Mr. Taylor says, "I think they do more than they would without their organization; yet this year my expectations in res­pect to giving have not been realized. They are all very poor. Last year, though that was a hard year, they did contribute more

C

)8

liberally than formerly; this year also they generally started well, but the inoreasing famine after the hardships of last year caused general distress."

Mr. Winfred says, that in hie church there are quite a num­ber of individuals who are active in doing good, more than 20 of them are travelling merchants; wherever they go &bey take with them christian books, and converse on the subject of christianity with the heathen. Quite a number of the male members take a part in the social prayer-meetings.

There is no doubt in the mind or any of us, but that much good will result from the organization of churches in connexion with some of our village congregations. We are united in our con­viction that wherever there are true believers sufficiently intelli­gent to appreciate the natare of church fellowship, and sufficient in numbers to transact the business and fulfill the duties of such an organization living so near to one another that 'they can coo­nniently assemble at least once on the sabbath for divine wor­ship; sueh persons should be encouraged and instructed to seek to be so organized, and that it is our duty and privilege as a mis­sion to assist them in this matter, by our presence ad 88.DCtion.

Believing that the church organization is or divine appoint­ment., and that it will, when prudently introduced, under the limi­tations above specified produce the very best fruit, and being fun, satisfied that the principles we have adopted on this subject, and the C01l1"S8 on which we have commenced are in perfect accord­ance with the will of our great Master, we shall proceed as we Jaave began, and we hope with a good degree of confidence to see the number of these churches increasing £rom year to year in all parts of our field.

3. Ptllto,. ••

ODe past.or has been ordained during the year over the church at Mandapas8lai. Three catechists have upon examination been recei ved as candidates for $he putoral oflice, and are spending a year in prepara&ory studies in 6e Seminary. We encourage a Jaope thai we may be directed to many young men among our at.echists and int.elligeat church .. membus, whom the HoI, Ghost has separated unto dtis work. . May we Dot believe that .. answer to our prayers he is now carrying on His own prepara­tory work in their hearts. Our churches need their care. The ~ oannot properly even with. ihe aid of the missiGDary §ll their~

Ja regard to the support of pastorstbe churches must, to a grea* extent, for a 10ag time to come, be dependent OR. the miJsio.~

19

They should however be taught that the duty of providing for the pastor is by the word of God laid upon the people for whom he labors. And a pastor ought never to be ordained over a church that is not in all truth and sincerity willing to fulfill this duty to the extent of their a.bility, and where an ability to do any thing towards this object is entirely wanting the propriety of ordaining a pastor over such a church is, to say the least, doubtful.

With respect to the relation sustained by the mission to snch pastors, we would remark that expenditure of funds involves res­ponsibility and responsibility involves of necessity supervision. 'Vhen the pastors receive their support entirely from their churches they will be, under Christ, responsible only to them. In the present circumstances, an affectionate paternal supervision seems to be proper and requisite, and the missionary in whose station district a pastor is laboring should regard himself as the representa.tive of the mission in all the superintendence that may be required.

4. The Station Churches.

In respect to the members generally we have little to add ro what has been said respecting the Village churches.

We have reason to hope that some of them are year by ye8l' growing in an intelligent appreciation of the doctrines of' the gospel, and are learning the duty and privilege of all the members of Christ's body to seek the conversion of others, and to do good to all as they have opportunity. Some of them manifest by their lives that they feel more than they once did the responsibilities of their christian profession. They help the catechist in his work; they pray, and exhort in social religious meetings.

As to their liherality; whilst we acknowledge that the amonnt given by them to benevolent objects is small, being but Rs. 465, As. 2, P. 7, for the year, we must on their behalf re~nd the Committee of their extreme poverty. It is only with a thorough knowledge of their circumstance~ that the amount of their contri­butions can be taken as the measure of their faith. Many of them eouId, we doubt not, give more were they so disposed. Yet of some few of them it may perhaps be said, ." How that in a great trial of afBiction their deep poverty has abounded unto the riches of their liberality." For several years this part of India has suffered from insufficient rain, on which account the price of those species of grain which are the staple food of the poor has risen enormously. The price of these grains in the bazaar is four times as great as it was four years ago, and this has been the rate at which they have sold for more than a year past..

20

We are trying in various ways to uproot. the remains of the ctJIU ."ant, and we hope not without some success. I t is preach .. ed against, its evila are pointed out in private conversation, we put honor upon the low whenever practicable, and endeavour to bring the rules and principles of the blessed gospel of the God of love to bear upon it; as a result of these means they occasionally meet, and eat. t.ogether in love-feasts, and associate more in the social circle.

Our hearts sigh and cry for the arrival of that time when the Lord's people in this land shall, as in days of old, "eat their meat with gladness, and singleness of heart, praising God and having favor with all the people, and when the Lord shall add to the church daily such as shall be saved."

V.-THE CONGREGATIONS.

The first notice of the system adopted by this mission of re­ceiving adults, with certain conditions of renouncing the out­ward forms of heathenism, under christian instruction, occurs in the Deport of the "Board" for 1843. During the previous year a congregation of 13 families containing 60 or 70 individ­uals had been received under the care of the mission, and a catechist placed among them. In the year following severa.l of the brethren refer in their letters to the Prudential Committee &0 the movement as one which was entirely new. They speak or it as "another field of labor and one of considerable promise." Mr. Crane, then stationed at Madora. Fort, in October 1843, speaks of "many villages that had made application to be received under instruction," but intimates that at that date no commence­ment had been made among them. Mr. Muzzy, writing from Tirqp6.n.nam speaks of three congregations in Roman Catholic villages haring been actually received and labor commenced among them. And in their annual letter for that year the brethreu remark, "An interesting feature in this year's history of our miuion is the application of various communities, villages aad h&mleta &0 be received or acknowledged as christians."

It will be remembered that these things were written, and thi8 movement taking place rriJUJ years after the commencement of the mission. About 64 years of missionary, and 241 of cate­chist labor had already been expended on the district; nearly 400,000 traeta, a.nd 38,000 portions of Scripture had been di8-tributed amoog the people; Dearly 23,000·· Bs. had been 8pent on schools for heathen children; and at that very time 114 schools containiDg 3,364 children wereiD foll operation. Much teed had thus been sown broad cut over the co1lectorate.

.21

It should also be remarked that just about that time several causes combined to the initiation of this system of missionary operation in this mission. In the year 1842 a very powerful sti­mulus was brought to bear upon the brethern in this district by the reports which rang through Protestant Christendom of the then unprecedented success which appeared to be attending the labors of the missions in their immediate vicinity. In the month of March 1843, the Bishop of l\ladras announced that" in the dis­trict of Tinnevelly ninety-six villages hmi in the course of the previous year come forward unsolicited and utterly abolished their idols." And in a letter of a missionary written at the time this movement was taking place it is stated that he had received 700 natives under his care in the preceding two months. The relapse of a large portion of these people into heathenism which, if we rightly remember, took place within two or three years, was as sudden and as startling as their apparent conversion. The depressing effect of this relapse could not but have been felt throughout this mission. After four years we find but 71 congregations;- during the four years that succeeded these the statistics exhibit this work in the villages as being in a very fluctnating and unsettled state. In one year the congregations increased 27 in number whilst the number of members remained stationary. During J 848 there was a reported increase of nearly 1,500 members, whilst the number of congregations was less than in the previous year. The next year there was a decrease of more than 600 members reported. By the year 1851 the Village-congregation system received a fresh impulse. It was pushed forward with great eagerness and diligence at some of the stations, the result of which was that during the following year nearly 1000 members were .enrolled. This stimulus con­tinued, though considerably abated, for two years longer; 1,100 additions were reported in that period. In the next report we nnd that the year's increase had fallen to 245. In IR56, the year following, the reported increase is about the same, and for the present year our statistics shew a balance of only 48 in our favor. t It further appears that during the past three years the average increase per annum has been about 160, and that the average annual increase for the three years immediat~­ly preceding these was 690. We observe also that the number of members to a congregation is a tri1le less now than it was three years ago, and only six more than it was in 1850. It also appears from the same Table that the number of village schools is not 80 ma.ny by 7, and that the number of christian children in them is 123 less than it wa.s last year, and 188 less

- An Clrror of 70 in exceas WAll adlDitted into th~ rl.'port of Wt year, which acconaM for tbe aJlptlreut dlacre"aut'tl in this wtal. ,

.. Iitl" Table "I in tbe Appendix.

22

than ill 1852; whereas the Dumber of heathen children ill­structed in tbem has increased rather th&n diminished during the past four years. But of the schools we speak in another place.

If it be enquired what our own views of this state of things are, we reply) whilst .. he results of this statistical collation of Ole facts of the past and present are to US in some degree un­expected, yet upon mature reflection we cannot regard tbem as wholly discouraging •.. We have not, of course, been inattentive to the ract that the rate of increase in the congregations has been growing less, nor have we been unmindful of the cause to which it was mainly attributable. Viewed from the stand-point which we occupy, we see, in the present condition of our chris­tian-congregation system, DO reason for discouragement. Our own confidence in it as a means of bringing men to a saving knowledge of the truth, 80 far from abating, has been growing stronger. We rega.rd its present condition as one of the stages through which almost all similar movements in the progress of the church of Chirst pus, previous to a full, free and natural developmeoL

We believe the present condition of OUT village work is more trustworthy, more spiritual, and evangelical than it was three or four years ago. Whilst in our eft"orts to induce the people to place ihems6lves under christian instruction in conDe:don with &be congregations, we, as a mission, never made use of means or SDggeSt.ed motives that were not in strict accordance with the spirit of the gospel, nor ever countAmanced the use of them by oar helpers, it is certain that at one time an impression had be .. come very general among the people, that temporal gain would in some form. or another result from connexion with the con­gregationa. Whether this impression resulted from improper representations made by the catechists, or from inferences drawc without sufficient ground by the people, it is not necessary now to enquire. As soon as we became satisfied of ita existence we sedaloul,. opposed it. But that it is even DOW entirely aband­oned by.a1l the members we dare not indulge a very 8&Dguine hope. That the rate of increase has been 1esa ~an formerly ia in the first place then to be attributed to the £a.et that. many dis· appointed ones have forsaken us, and. many of the same class who would have joilleel have been prevented from doing 80 from • better anderatanding of our system and object.

Other 10eal and temporary causes which have tended to cheek the growth of the congregations must also be referred. to. One of them is the extl"eme difticulty which the people find in pro­_ring sufficient food. As a very large majority of our people are from the lower and poorer classes, they are depressed to t.he

23

last degree by the high prices of provisions which have prevailed for the last two or three years. Many of them have thus been driven from the district to seek a subsistence in the coffee gardens of Ceylon, or in the sugar plantations of the Mauritius. This subject has been referred to in former reports, but food is still pro· curable only at famine prices; and as the rain which has fallen during the rainy season just over has been less than in years im­mediately preceding, the destitution of the people must continue, and will probably be even more distressing during the coming tban it has been in former years. On this subject Mr. Noyes says, "the past year has been an exceedingly trying one on ac­count of famine; the people could hardly subsist."

Mr. Taylor says, "It is no exaggeration to say, that the famine this year in this district, has CAused great distress: and unusual amount of sickness and death." This has been the result in the Periyakulam field, where 35 members are reported as having died during the year.

In one or two of the stations persecution also has helped to thin the ranks of the catechumens, and prevented such as may 11R.Ve been disposed to do 50, from joining. On this point Mr. Noyes remarks: "Their has been an unusual amount of perse­cution in my station during the year. Persons coming to us for christian instruction have been prevented by threats of Zemindars, and every means has been used to turn back those already with us. Both bribes, and threats have been employed, and in some cases successfully."

Add to the inlluence of famine, emigration, and persecution, the fear and distrust excited by the terrible iD8UlTeCtion still raging with scarcely abated violence in Bengal, and we think we see sufficient causes for the present. somewhat depressed con­dition of our christian congregations. Terrifying rumours of ihis insurrection have reached the most distant aDd retired ham­let in the land. To our christians it has been represented as di­rected against them and their missionaries, that the white face would very soon be seen no longer among them, and the chris­tiaD religion exterminated with all its adherents. It may well be supposed that these fearful announcements would be quite suifi­cient to deter the weak and wavering from joining, and unset­\Ie the mindso£ many who were not heartily with us. Tb&nks to our Heavenly Father's watchful care, this threatening storm has reached the height of its fury and seems to be passing by; noi long will it. oppear even to operate against us in the prosecution or our missionary work.

Bat there are several encouraging and very favourable indi­cations in the present condition of our village work, which in our

24

vi.w greatly outweigh theaingle fact tbat the rate of increase a8 exhibited in the statistical returns for the last three years, has heen decreasing. With & brief reference to these indications we shall close our remarks on this subject.

1. We believe our congregations stand on a firmer basis than they once did, are more spiritual in their constitution and work­ing •. There appears to be much less of the worldly element in them than formerly, but to this we have made reference in an­other place.

2. Another cheering sign is the growing intelligence and orderly behaviour of the people; almost every report refers hope­fully to the evident growth of t.he congrega.tions in good chris­tian habits in observance of the sabbath, &c-

3. We have also good reason to believe that their standing in society is rising. Mr. Taylor says, "there are not many mighty or honorable among them, but their statru is evidently raised by their connexion with us; especially when tbeybave been with us sufficient time to allow some intellectual and moral improve­ment." Air. Bendall says, "I think the standing of our people is rising; some of the higher castes oceasionally unite." Mr. Chandler says, "the interest among the higher castes is increas­ing." "I can see now and then a slight breaking away in this direction. " In Tirumangalam the congregations are many of them from the middle classes,compriaing respectable farmers aDd. merchants.

4. There is still another circumstance of which although we have made mention before, it seems proper again to speak in this place. We allude to the large number of professing christiana scattered among the members of the congregations; an average or ,two in every seven of the adults. This secures the presence aDd blessing of the Lord Jesus; for "wherever two or three are met together in my name, said He, there am 1 in the midst of tbem."

s. The tone in which most of the brethren speak of the pros­peets for future increase is also exeeedingly encouraging.

"The prospect in my field." says Mr. Taylor, "is in every way good, if I can only bave the means; in all quarters there is en­eouragement." Mr. Rendall says, respecting his station, "I am saDguine there will be a larger increase than tkere has been for the pa&tfew years. ")fr. Chandler says "I do not wish to speak too confidently, but I do anticipate a considerable increase in the vieioityof Vattalakundu, and Siluk8.rapatti." In the Diftdigul and Pulney stations the p1'08pBCts were never more hopeful than at present. 'Ebe missionary there says, I anticipate for the future, good,steady, solid advance. Within these few dayB,and since the

25

statistical returns for the year have been filled out I have been -visited at the bungalow by no fewer than 15 persons all heads of respectable families, most of them from places where congrega­tions have for some time existed, who came for the purpose of subscribing their names in the congregation-book."

6. It is pleasing to observe that of late congregations have sprung up at most of the station centres. At Mudura, Tiruman­guam, Dindigul, Periyakulam and Mandapasalai some of these congregations are now among the most promising and flourishing in the district.

7. We remark with much pleasure also, that although the statistics of the congregations as made up from all the returns are in some aspects discouraging, in several of the stations the work in this department has from the first been steadily progressive. The fluctuations may therefore be attributed as much to the removal of missionaries and to the re-distribution of the station districts as to any other cause. To illustrate this remark we need only refer to Table VIII in the Appendix. To the facts there exhibited we add the following.

In Tirumangalam which includes U salam patti and Mallanki­naru the average age of the congregations is 4j- ye~s. The oldest congregation now in existence was commenced ten years ago, and excepting in 1850 a new congregation has been formed every year since. In 1852, 1855, and 1856 two congregations were commenced, and three during the present year. The aver­age number of members to a congregation is 51. The average number of adults to a catechist 40.

The oldest congregation in the Dindigul district is at Vlrakal; that was commenced ) 2 years ago; the average age of the 12 village congregations is about six years. The number in each congregation is 40, and the number of adults in the care of each catechist 22.

In Madura the a.verage number of members in each congrega­tion is 27, and the number of adults to a catechist 22. At Vattala­kundu the oldest congrega.tion was establishedw 1843. Four years have elapsed since the last congregation waS'bommenced. The average of' the eight congregations is eight years. The number to & congregation is 30, and the number of adults to a catechist 20.

In the Periyakulam field the congregation commenced in 1842, to which reference has been made, is still existing and is one of the largest and most flourishing in the mission; but the average age of all the cOngregations in that field is only 5~ years. There is an average of 50 members to a. congregation, and 32 adults in the care of each catechist.

D

26

Almost all the numerous village congregations in the Manda­pas6lai field have sprung up within the last 7 or 8 years. There is in that district an average of 44 members to a congregation, and 42 adults to a eatechist.

VL-EDUCATION.

1. Tke former policy of the Misfton.

For many years this Mission had the appearance of an edu­cational rather than a missionary establishment. The policy tileD was to introduce a. knowledge of christianity among the masses through the medium of schools for heathen boys.

This system of heathen schools extended over .. space or eDdly 20 years. In 1845, eleven years from the commence­ment of the mission, it had reached its climax. In that year there were 114 schools, and 5,757 scholars. From that time on ward it declined gradually until 1848 when there were but 32 schools, and 1,172 scholars. In the following year the num­ber of boys in these schools soddenly fell to 886. The system lingered on four years longer coming to a close in 1853. Its total cost is estimated at Rs. 42,709. That much good was accomplished by these schools there can be no doubt. Whether they were an economical means of publishing the Gospel may be questioned; whether they did not retard the natural development of the churches, and congregations may also admit of doubt. But on the oiber hand it is most certain that they introduced the missionaries, their object and message to the masses, besides being the channel by which a vast amount of soriptural know­ledge was imparted to several successive generations of heathen youth.

2. The Boarding Schoo". Collateral with the institution of free schools taught b1

heathen ma.sters, was that of boarding schools for boys taught by christian teach~ The first of these schools '!':¥ commenc­ed in Dindigu1 iri 1837. Two years after thiL\:\hree others were established. Their number was not subsequently increas­ed. At 4rat heathen boys from the district, and children of nominally ,christian parents from Tanjore and elsewhere were freely received, and they were all with scarcely an exception from caste femmes.

In 1845, when the free schools were at their height, these four schools oontaiDed eaeh an avenge of 64 pupils. Two years from that time, during the caste agitation other numbers were

27

reduced to a.n average of 20 each. Within a year or two of that memorable movement their numbers were still further reduced by a. resolution to receive none but christian boys from our own district. In 1855 two of these schools were at the sugges~ tion of the deputation discontinued. They had been in ope~ ration 16 years, and had doubtless finished the work that was given them to do. At the end of the next year the two remain­ing schools were united at Tirwnanga.la.m; and now this, the last of the four, has according to the decision of 1855, beell brought to a. close. We estimate the whole cost of these schools irrespective of the building of the school-houses and repairs, to have been Rs. 38,522. They had been in existence five years when the seminary, to supply which they were originated and sustained, was organized.

3. The Seminary.

On the 1st September 1842, thirty-four pupils were takell from the first classes in the Boarding schools, to be put on & higher and prolonged course of instruction. It was hoped that these boys would, by the influences which would then and there be thrown aronnd them, become converted, and by the long course of training in sacred and secular learning make useful men and valuable helpers. Whether the plan of receiving uncon­verted lads, with the hope they would eventually become pious, to an institution intended exclusively for the training of cate­ehists, who must of course be spiritual men, has answered our expectations, or whether it WB.& a just and proper principle on which to proceed need not now be discussed; the plan was virtually abolished when the mission voted to bring the Boarding schools to a close.

This is most evident; for from whence can the Seminary now be supplied with such lads. If it be said, the village schools ca.n supply them; it should be remembered that they contain few boys who ha.ve attained to the age of twelve years; their parents will not keep them in the school so long either because they cannot afford to do so, or beca.use, before" they have attain­ed that age, they have learned all that the master can teach them. If it is still supposed that the best of these schools may furnish one or two each, and thus a class of boys be brought together for the seminary, we would suggest that if the seminary lowers its standard of admis3ion as to a.ge and attainments nearly to that of the late Boarding schoolf;. this may be possible. If this course should be considered inexpedient it is quite certain that a sufficient number to form a class courd not at present be selected from even the best of the village schools.

28

• We are happy to add that Mr. Tracy~sreport of the ,present .,..dition of the seminary- is ueeedingly. favorable. -Be .8&ya Cftile general conduot of the student.a has been· unexceptionable. ~faras I have been able to ascertain they,have beenregular ill their private devotions, and meetings for social prayer have

. been,w.ry frequent during hoors not devoted to study. TJDdfl. or them have joined the church on, profession of their ,faith d~~e year; a few others not yet admitted to the privileges of the-cnureh give pleasing evidence of true conversion. We have thus great re880n to be grateful for the continued blessing which the divine Redeemer bas been pleased to bestow upon the semi­Dary, thus aeUiDg His seal upon it as an institution of his own planting. The Jptudents and, teachers have distributed during the year 832 portions or scripture, and nearly 6,000 tracts.

cc One young man after a partial course of study in this institu­tion left in the beginning of the year, and was ordained in llarch laai. Three other young men who have been accepted by the mission as candidates for the pastoral office are now pursu­ing dleir studies here and appear to be deeply interested in them. This bas made the labor of inmncting them a very clelightfal employment, while the evidences I have seen of their . sincere piety give me reason to hope that all they learn will be sanctified to the service and glory of God. Besides these young men two others who have been for several years employ­ed 88 catechists are studying with a view to increased effici­ency in. iheir own department of labor. I trust the experiment we ueihus making will be 80 successrul as to establish the expedi .. eney of extending to other caiechists the privileges these are DOW enjoying."

The ft.rat class that left the seminary contained six students. TIley graduated in 1845. Since then seven classes have gradu­ated. iDc1udiJlg a class of five who entered upon their work during the pre88Dt year. The total number who have completed with, credit the appoint.ed course or study is 48, of whom 20 are DOW

in the employ of the mission; four are engaged in missionary work in coDDeDon with other lOCietiee, aDd . seven have died, of whom six died while in ihe aemce of the mistri.on. Of the twelve graduatea now engaged in secular plJl'8uita, several were for a longer or shorter period in the service of this miuion. Among our catechists there are however a few who although the.Y £ailed to complete the prescribed course in this iDstitution are usefully engaged in their JVork.

Besides the 43 regu1ar,~uates, in 1854 a c1au.of 14 young men after. a COU1'86 of two years' study were &eDt outuntotbe teld, of whom 13 are still employed aa--mat., readers, or

school-masters in the different stations of tlti~ mission. The cost of this institution since the year 1845 exclusive of the salary of the Principal has been 16,162 Rs. The buildings at Pasumalal were erected at an expenditure of about 20,000 Rupees. Many of these facts are arranged in tabular form in Table XII. of the Appendix. The statistics of this institution for the present year will be found in Table G.

4. Boarding school Jor Girls.

In 1835 a girl's day school was commenced in Madura by Mrs. Eckard. This was doubtless the first effort for the educa­tion of females in the Madura district. A year or two afterwards it was denominated a "day boarding school for girls." In April 1837, twenty-five Rupees per month was voted for its support. In January 1840 in place of this school Mr. 'Yard was request­ed by the mission to commence a "Boarding school for girls." In .Tuly 1846 there were 58 girls in this school; their number was increased to 81 by the transfer in that month of the pupils from the Dindigul school.

That school had been commenced by Mrs. Lawrence at pri­vate expense, about four years before the establishment of that in Madura. In April 1839 it had been adopted by the mission &Ild buildings erected for the accommodation of the girls. In the following year when the schoolin Madura was com~enced with 7 girls it numbered 17.

A year after the union of the two schools the number was suddenly reduced by the caste disturbance from 81 to 30. For three years the numbers continued to decrease 80 that in 1850 there were but 24 girls. From that time it again commenced to increase. At the present time the school numbers 41 pupils.

During the 17 years of its existence it has been successively in the charge of Mrs. Ward, Mrs. Crane, Mrs. Muzzy, Mrs. Cher­ry, Mrs. Chandler, Mrs. Rendall, and now in that of Mrs. Cap­ron.

It cannot but be true, however great may have been the pros­perity which has attended the school, that these frequent changes among those who have had the charge of it have been unfavora­ble to tbe success of the efforts which they have made for its ad­vancement.

The permanent interests of this institution require the cons­tant personal attention and instruction of a lady devoted entirely to it. Until the present time it has been but an appendage of one of the stations; and of that station which, 'Of all others, from its oentrical position draws most largely upon the time and 8treng\b of the Missionary and his wife. It is in fact quite im-

80

possible for them tD devote that amount of time and attenuonto the school which is essential to ita highest prosperity except by omitting other duties equally important. We deeply regret that the lady some time since designated to this mission to take charge of the school, has been prevented by providential circumstances from leavin.g America. We would urge upon the Prudential Committee the importance of their designating without dela.y a

, IadI to take charge of this institution.

5. TM tJilJage 8Clwols.

We have JeJD&rlted elsewhere that it is seven years since these schools contained 80 few cbrispan children as are reported for die present year;, that five years ago they numbered 183 more .lhan they do now; and that since the last report theiJo numbers have diminished 123. For several years immediately preceding the current year, the heathen children in these schools were to the ehriatian very nearly in the proportion of 2 to I. This year the number of heathen is about halt' that of the christians. . Those causes whieh have stinted the growth of the congrega­tions lor the past few years, have exerted an influence equally depressing upon the schools. To these causes we need not again allude.

So long as the famine coatinnes many parents will be quite unable to send their children to school. They cannot a1ford it. They cannot support them but by the collected earnings of evert JD8IBber or dIe !amily.

So long &8 our people continue to be drawn mainly from the lowest grades of society, 80 long shall we find it diflicult to sustain good schools among them. Not having themselves received any edueaRon in childhood they are slow in appreciating the value of education to their children. Of the ive or six hundred children now learning in our schools it is not probable that a sixth part wonld have attended school bad their parente not become connec­ted with the collgregations; even although they could have ob­tained theireduC&honwithout expense fA) themselves.

The friends of education in England and on the continent, speak of the apathy of the people on the subject as the greatest obstacle with which they have to contend. In protestant Prus­sia this indif'erence is only overcome by the force of law; it is the great law of the land "that every child must. be educated.» What then can be expected in this country, and amon, the low­est elaaaes too, left moreover, to the tardy in1luenee of motives slowly appreciated. Is it not somewhat remarkable that UDder such eireumstances the numbers that atteDd the echoola are 10

31

great as they are, especially when the national prejudices res­pecting the education of girls is taken into the account?

In England in 1851 the proportion of scholars to the whole population was one in 8§. In Prussia where all of both sexes be­tween 6 and 14 are compelled to attend school, the proportion is 1 to 6 ~. Last year the proportion of the christian scholars in the village schools to tke whole number of members in the congrega­tion was about the same as that which existed between the pupils and the whole population in England in 1851. This year, in­cluding the pupils of the boys' and girls' boarding schools, it is 1 to 9!. Last year abont one in every three of the children of aD ages and both sexes attended school. This year the proportion is about one in three and l7i' There is a very remarkable differ­ence in the different stations in the proportion here alluded to. In Madura nearly half the children reported in the congregations are learning in the schools! The exact proportion is one in 2 and!; whereas in Periyakulam and Tirumangalam only one in six attend school.

In some parts of our field the rule forbidding the establishment of schools in congregations where there are not ten christian scholars is strictly observed. This of course reduces the total number of children under instruction in those districts, and possibly accounts in some measure for the difference alluded to. The average number of christian children to a school throughout the mission is only 8.* But in Dindigul there are 14; in Tiro­mangalam 131; in Vattalakundu lli; in l\landapasruai 10; in Madura 8 1

3lr j in Periyakulam 7f; in MelIir 4g; in Sivagunga

12!; in Tirupuvanam... It is to be supposed that in general where the average of scholars in a school is under 10, that school was established before the rule was made. But to continue the support of a school in a p~ace where the christian pupils have dwindled down to half that number is, to say the least, vel.,. doubtful economy.

In former years we have alluded to the incompetence of the masters in the employ of the mission; although we have made what efforts we were able we can report little if any improvement in this respect. A schoolmasters' class has been formed in con­nexion with the semi-annual meetings of the helpers. This class has met twice during the year to recite the lessons w hieh had been appointed for them, and to receive general instruction. Be­sides this, & class of between 20 and 30 of them were assembled at Dindigul in February, to receive instruction from J. Murdoch, Esq., on the proper mode of managing a school, and of teaching the different lessons learned by the scholars. They remained in

• We baTe sinoe discovved that the &Ter!.'Ie is a triBe greater. This is owing to a mistake in the reports from SiYqWlga and TlrUl1uTAllum.

32

,Dindigul for this purpose three weeks, and were doubtless bene­fitted by the instruction they then received. Much permanent good. however, cannot be expected to follow from efforts of this kind. They must be supplemented by a subsequent superintend­ence. It is a difficult task to raise the character of small schools thinly scattered over a large district, as are those in this mission; it is a difficult task to impart to them life, vigor and order; it is proverbially difficult to make any change in India; how hopeless then would the condition of most of our schools and many of the masters appear. The only hope of success left us is in securing entirely new men, trained Crom the very first in our own way. But to secure this end arrangements of a permanent nature must be made. Desultory and fitful attempts will only end in failure both expensive and disheartening. There must be but one system of instruction carried on simultaneously in all our schools, at aU the stations, superintended by It. standing committee appointed for that purpose. We cannot hope for much solid improvement in our village schools until these thorough measnres shall have been adopted. To accomplish the end in this way will take at the least six or eight years; and would well repay IlS should the whole time and care of a mission­ary or of an assis&ant missionary be devoted exclusively to it. "The improvement of education will alone lead to its extension."

To complete our notice of the educational department of the mission it is only necessary to allude in a word to the English school in Madura, and to the setect schools in Dindigul, which in their day were conducted at eonaiderable expense, with much energy, and not without success.

The English school in Madura was commenced in 1835 by Kr. Todd and continued for the space of 20 years by Messra Eckard, Poor, Ward, Dwight, Cherry, and Muzzy 8ucceasive1y. It was closed at the suggestion of the deputation in 1855. In the report of the mission for that year it was stated tbat more than 1,900 pupils 1w1 been educated in this schooL

The select schools, one for boya and one for girls, were com­menced in Dindigal by Mr Lawrence at the eloae of the year J 842. About this time eeveral other schooJa at other stations, were commenced under the same name but appear to have beea discontinued within a year. In the Dindigul station many young persons pf both sexes, still ~ eonneDoD with our church­es and congregations, commenced In these schools the study of English and odler branches of knowledge not taught in the free schools. The8e P.&'8ODI are among our moat inftuential members. They were in operation but 4 years. When they were disconti­nued in 1846, they contained 60 boy~ and 40 girls.

33

The whole cost of the educational department in this mission was in 1846 Rs. 6,494 or between t and , of the total cost of the mission for that year.

During the past year Government has extended its education­al operations in this district, having commenced three Taluk schools, in each instance at one of our station centres, in Pulney, Melur, and Periyakulam. There are now therefore in the Madura district six of these schools corresponding very nearly in their character to what our own select schools were.

There are two teachers in each school with a total of 147 pu­pils in all; the whole conducted at an annual expense of Rs. 6,720.

Besides these Taluk schools there is in Madura. one of a higher grade corresponding very nearly with what are termed academies in our own country. This is called a Zillah school. There is to be one in every collectorate throughout the Presi­dency. In this institution there are 8 teachers, 180 pupils, conducted at an annual cost of Rs 5,622.

It is not, we understand, the intention of Government to in­crease the number of the Taluk schools in this district.

Village schools will be commenced as soon as suitable masters can be found; but the impossibility of securing suitably qualified masters in sufficient numbers will, for several years to come, be an insuperable obstacle to any movement in this direction.

The rule which excludes the Bible from these schools is at­tracting tbe attention of the christian community and of the Press in England and will not long be suffered to disgrace a measure w bich in other respects is worthy of all praise.

The Government have decided that the vernacular, and not English, shall be the principal medium of instruction, Imd every pupil is obliged to finish a prescribed course in the vernaculars before he is permitted to commence the study of English. This rule, and another admitting all castes to 1m equal share in the privileges of the schools have doubtless prevented large numbers from joining. But the authorities have manifested an admirable firmness on these points, and the prejudices of the people must ere long yield to the evident common sense of the one, and to the even handed justice of the other.

Vll.-CONCLUDING REMARKS.

We cannot close our report of a year which to the end of time will be distinguished in the annals of British rule in India as the

E

34

period of an insurrection than which one more savage and terrifio can scarcely be found in the records of the human race, without alluding to the terrible calamities from which a merciful Providence has guarded us-oalamities which threatened to reach and overwhelm us, as they overtook. and overwhelmed 80 many of our fellow-laborers in the northern provinces of this country. We shudder when we think of the consequences which must have ensued to our own mission, and to the missions around us, had. the furious storm of mutiny and murder, the distant roar of which we heard, been permitted to devastate this presidency as it did the northern districts. . We ~k of our 200 missiona­ries, of our 900 catechists, of our christian churches and congre­gations the prey of infuriated savages, driven from their houses and hunted through the jungles by ruftians from Hydera.bad, by Rohillas, and Moplahs, by the proud bate of insolent Brahmans, by the unbridled ferocity of petty chiefs and Zemindars. We think of missionary stations in ruins, of our pleasant dwellings, our churches, our school·houses burnt, the very bricks and stones iorn down, and then we think of our preservation, our escape, of our entire, our wonderful deliverance.

Whilst the might of Britain has been rudely shtLken, we have abode in profound tranquility; whilst an overwhelming calamity has been desolating the homes of our brethern and sisters in the North we have gone fonh and returned in ~; our families, our worldly goods, our christian flock, our schools and all our operations have been sbi.elded from evil by the outstretched arm of the Almighty one; '~Be has suffered no man to do us wrong; lae said, t.ouch not my anointed and do my prophets DO harm."

What DOW can we render unto the Lord for His mercy, for redeeming our life from destruction, for crowning us with loving kindness and tender mercy? Whilst we feel that our obligations to labor for this deluded people have been greatly multiplied by dUs deliverance, we cannot refrain from entreating the honored fathers and brethern with whom we are aaaociatcd, and to wbom we look for aid and direction in the prosecution of our work, to recognize the obligation which is laid upon them, by the wonder­fal exemption of their Indian missions from the desolations which have overtaken those of other societies, to send forth missionaries t.o this coun." in larger numbers than ever. This is the response which is returQed by the christian church from one end of England to the other, "ntore missionaries for India, more missionaries for India. The Wesleyans are to send out 60 additional missiona­ries. The Church :Mission.ary Society is pledged greatly to ex­tend ita labors irl this country, and at a meeting over which the archbilbop Cit Canterbury preaided, the propagation society re-

35

solved to double the number of its European missionaries in India and to promote, by every available means, the education, training and ordination of the more advanced native converts for the work of the christian ministry among their own country­men." And shall not our own churches who claim the privilege of uniting witb their brethren in Britain in subjugating India to Christ sympathize in this new and boly impulse? Shall the awful Providence, and the magnitude of the crisis which have moved so deeply the beart of christians in England pass unheeded by US!

Can we be indifferent, can we refrain from coming forward, or from moving with a quickened step at such a time as this? Never were the grounds of hope and expectation so solid, so trustworthy as they are now; never did India, never did our own field present such attractions to the earnest christian heart of the young men in our colleges and seminaries as it does at the present time. In consideration of these things we beseech you to review the statements we have made and the appeal we have urged in another place. Let the watchword of Christian Eng­land be the watchword of the committee, the Board, and the churches of America, "more missionaries for India."

STATISTICS FOR THE YEAR 1857.

hmm&lalt Madura. Dlndigul. . Slvagunp, TiruIDaDpJam, Tirupfi1'lUWD, • Perlyakulam, Manil&paai1.a4 -VattalakullWa. IIBUr, Pumey,· Pitil.)'llllUr. Kamati, Nattam. Pa1akan6ttu, • Manapiral. , TODd!. liamuad, Uaalampattl,

TABLE A. STATIONS.

Re.,. W. Trac~.Mrll. Tracy. Rey. J. Rendall. 141'11. nenclaI1.t Rey. B. Webb. Mrs. Webb. In oha.rs"e of Mr. Little. Re ... J. Herrick. lin. Herrick. Ray. C. LIttle, M1'II. Little. Rev.J'. T. Noyes, lin. Noyes., Rev. H. 8. Taylor, lin. Taylor.t Rev. J. B. Chandler~ Mrs. Cb&odler. Rev. T. 8. Burnell. )41'11. Burnell. Rev. C. T. White,lfrs. White, (appointedtothls Station.) Rey.W.B.Caproa.Mn.Capron,(appoiatedtothiaStation.} In chaPge of MI'. Taylor. Uooooupied. UDOC(~Upied. Unocoapied. Uooccupied. Unoccupied. )n oharre of Mr. Hl'nick. Rev. C. F. Muuy, Mrti. Muzzyia the United states .

• In oharge of Mr. Webb durlDg the year: t In the ,1lnlted statea. .'

36

TABLE B.

CHURCHES-

TABLE 0.

COlfGIlEGATJON8. It" ""I~" I

l I" I~ j ~ I ~ I ! I f I li~

37

TABLE D. TABLE B.

BOIl" Boarding &11001 at Tiru­numgalam.

Girlst Boardi7I!J School at Madura.

PUPILS. PUPILS.

.1 j !

~ t 1 1 i ~ ...: .:; .:; h j ! .~

.., ~ to: . i ~ ,.:

~ ~ .5 .., ~ .5 ~

I 1 ~ l; ~ ~

I ~

.5 i .$

I! ! 1 s 1 I! , ~ S

~ ~ ~ '" A; 14 A; 14

1 I o /13 I 23 I 2f I 17 2 I 2 I S9 I 41 I 8 I s

TABLE 1'.

i I PUPILS. i ;

! i I j

I Heathen

I Cbrist.ian

Parents. Parents. VlLLAGE SCHOOLS.

1 j I i

.:i ~

] I ~ ... I ~ .!: ~ I ~ 00

Eo;. (.:) J:q t ~

;

Madu .... - 10 . 56 1 ! 61 22 140 45 ! Diodlgw, 3 17 3 i 15 27 62 31 8ivagunp. 0 a ==- i-oTu -It 8 TtrUIlUUIplam, 4 1 21 H 16 Til'uPUYIUWD, 7 .. 63 22 ~ - 10 28 3 I 6. 15 109 2f Mandapuilal, - - 15 10 0 110 30 160 52 Vattalakundu, . 4: 10 0 1 4. 5 57 6 Mtllir, . - 8 29 0 31 1 67 13

Total, fl4 1

233 I 9 1

393 1121 /756 /217

.,. "

I) '""' n ,""; \:,1 I It, ',",

" .1-/ ., ,

- 38

TABLE G.

PuJ'u, •• I CIQ

i SEMINARY AT PASUIfALAI. j • I j ::

f ~ t ,II

..: a J !

00

t ~ ..:

jl~ $ ! t ! Ii :; J .. I &;ill 2.~ ~ ~

«I 71471 ts ! 11 154 J 15 1 5/ J I s

TABLE B. MLI)CELLANEOUS.

I Booa. DInar. Conal»D. lULU ... '1'10.' a'l' ."'I'ED. ..T1,.. •.

STATiONS. I II I I J

~

J i I ~ II~ i J ~ &:10 a iii:

x.dun. '" 0 8 a! 10 : ~ 140 IUS fIJI Jl s DladIp1, 0 ; t! B 'It NO IO'! 1~ 'I 8lftllUllll&, • - 0 • 3 : ,J 0 0 01 0 TInimaiIpImI, - J 9 II 6 Uf M88 J8 4 0

~ · 0 6 01 10 J 13 800 911 JJ a 0 J o~ 0 e JO RJ2

== H

~ .,

~::=I. · . 0 15 fl 10 ,. 2O 1756 7. a - !I 9 lJl 10 76 Joo 660 1010 II 4 0 ~ · gl :

\1 4 8 1~ 120 1100 10 :~ ~ 3 .... .,. " e t I 1 .. "0 18 • I

Tot.L-l '/ 70 .., 81'111 ,. fJNj I4POsl HI J ,

i

39

APPENDIX.

No.1. NOTES ON TABLES I AND IL Page 42.

REV. H. R. HOISINGTON was appointed by the Jaft"na Mission to com­mence a miaaion in Madura, May 14th 1834. He arrived in company 'With Mr. Tod~ 30th July of the same year; returned to Ja1fna in Sep­tember. His connection with this mission ceased January 1835.

REV. W. TODD was sent to Madura by the Jaftba Mission; anived in company with Mr. Hoisington, 30th July. Mrs. Todd died at Devipatam, 11th September 1835; was married to Mrs. Woodward 22d December 1836 who died 1st June 1837. He resided in Madura until 1838. In January of that year he was appointed to Sivagunga. Removed to Mad­ura again October of the same year; left the mission on his return to America, 21st January 1839.

REv. J. R. EcKARD was appointed by the Ja1fn& Mission in place of Mr. Hoisington, January 1835 ; arrived in Madura the same month. Re­moved from Madura to Bamnad in March 1836. Returned to the Jaifna miaaion, 28th July 1836.

REv. A. C. HALL was appointed to Madura by tbe Ja1fna mission; ar­rived in Madura, October 1835; remained there until March 1836,·wben he removed to join Mr. Eckard in Ramnad. He returned to America vii. J aft'na in July of the same year.

REV. J. LAWRENCE was appointed to Madura by the J afrna mission; arrived in company with Mr. Hall, October 1835; remained in Madura until October 1836, wben he was appointed to Dindigul, to which place after spending several months in Ja1fna he removed in May 18S'1. He left for America November 25th, and died on the way at Tranquebar 20th December 1846.

REV. D. POOR, viaited the Madura mission in October 1835; remained until December of that year; was subsequently appointed t.o join this mission, and arrived in March 1836. From this time until July 1841, he had the charge of the Madura Fort station; in that month he received a dismiuion from thia to nUoin the Jaftha m.i&sion; removed to Jaftila De­cember 1841.

REV. R. O. DWIGHT was designated to the Madura mission by the Prudential Committee. He arrived in April 1836 ; was appointed to Din­digul in October of the same year; removed there in tbe following month; appointed to Madura Fort in place of Mr. Poor, July 1841; remained there until his death which took place 8th January 1844.

REV. H. CuzlUtr, arrived at Madras in March )837. Shortly after­warda ho proceeded to Jaflba with his sick wife who died 4th November

40

of the same year. He reached Madura in tile following montb. In Janu­ary 1838, he was appointed "conditionally" to Ja.ftha., but accompanied Dr. Steele on his visit to Singapore; returned to Madura. in December 1838. Bem&iDed in Madura until August 1839, when be was appointed &0 Sivagunp; on tbe 24th of the following month visited ~ retnrn­eel to SivaguDgIL ) 2th December of the same year. Vi8ited Jaftha 20th .January 1840, was married during tbe following month, retnrned to Siva­gu.oga in March where be rem&iued until Januag 1844. Hia second wife died on the 11 tb of tbat month. At tbe same time, on the deatb of Mr. Dwight, be was removed to Madura Fort, from whence he removed in ,lanuary 18.7 to Madura East. On tbe 9th November 1844 be was mar­ried to bit third wife. In January 1848 be removed to Pe;:z~m. He returned to Madara East in January 1849; and left the 'on for .A.merica in July 1849.

Rsv. Eo Cops reaohed Madura from America in May 1837, where he remained until October 1838, when he W&8 appointed to Sivagunga. He 1isi.ted Ja1fna in August 1839, and 11"&1 transferred to that miuion in. January 1840.

Rsv. N. M. Caus reached Madura from America in May 1837, wbere be remained until January 1838 when he was appointed to Tirupu,vananl. He removed to that place with his' family in October of tbe 8&Ille year. In October of the following year he w.. appointed to Dindigul where he 1"8IDOTed in February 1842. He was appointed to Madura in Apnll843, removed there in the following month. He remained in :Madura until .laue 1844 when he left for America.

Bav. C. F. Muzzy reached Madura from America in .y 1837. The I&IDe month he W&8 Bent to r.i4digul where he remained until January 1838 when he was appoin~ to Tiramangalam; on 20th February of that year he was ordained; in January t839 removed to Tirumangalamj in Sep­tember 1843 visited the Nilgiris; returned to TirwDangalam December 1841. lniaJmary 1842 he was appointed to Tirupu'1'1UWD to which place heremovea in MArch of the same year. In Jane 1844 he removed to ltlad­ura But. On December 2d 1846. Mrs. Muzzy died. In the fonowing month he amoved w the Madura Fort station. On :February 2d 1848, he W'M married to Hias Capell in Jafl'na. Mr. Kauy rem&iued in Madura FoR utoil November 25, 1856 when he left on a viait to America.

JOIllf STSRLE," D .. reached Dindigul from America in June 1887, re­maiDed &hale until January 1838 when he left on a visit for health to 8iDppore. In December 1838 he returned. In J&nl1&r.Y 1839, he Wal QpoiDted to Madura where he remained till hla death which took place 6th Odober 18.2.

BBv. W. TB.lCT arrived at Jdadraa from America in March 1837, and .. Madura in October of the eame year; appointed to Tirumangalam in Sanuary 1838; removed there with his family in Karch 1839; removed to Puamllat in Seplembor 1845; left for America. November 1860, and re­tmDecl to Puamalai in April 1854.

BBv. F. D. W. WAD arrived at Madru from America in:March 1837, and at Madura October 1837, where he remained uti! .anuary 1848, .. hen he "u tranaferred to the Madru million.

Kr • .A. NOBR arrived ill Madura from SIngapore 30th December 1843. In January 1844, he W&8 appoln&ed to Dlndfgul; removed to P881lIDa.lai ill January 1846; left for America J&I11I&17 1847. ,

Bay. H. S. T.lTLO& arrived in Ifa4ur& 110m America 11 th Octob6r 1844. In January 1aU, he W&I appoiDted to TJrupuvaoam. He 11"81 per-

41

mitted to commence building at 'MandapasaJai in April 1850. where be re­moved with hi' family in September of the same year.

REV. J. HERRICK arrived in :Madura from America 29th April 1846, appointed to 'l'irumangalam 6th May 1846, removed to Pasumalai in November 1850, returned to Tirumangalam April 1854.

REV. J. RENDALL arrived in Madura from America 29th April 1846. appointed to Dindigul May 6th, removed to Madura in July 1849.

RBv. E. WEBB arrived in Madura from America 29th April 1846, ap­pointed to Sivagunga. 6th May, removed to Dindigul, July 1849.

REV. G. W. McMJLL-'N arrived in Madura from America in September 1846, appointed to Dindigul in the same month, left for America in May 1854.

REV. J. E. CUANDLER arrived in Madura from America in April 1847, appointed to take charge of the Girls' boarding school and the Free schools of the Madura. East station in July, took full charge in January 1848. In October he was a.ppointed to Sivagunga, where he remained until June 1854 when he removed to Dindigul. He was appointed to Vat­taJa.kundu in March 1855 and removed there with his family in July 1851.

REV. G. FORD arrived in Madura from America in April l841, appoint­ed to Periyakula.m in July, removed there with his family in February 1848 j he continued to reside there until J annary of the following year when he removed to Dindigul with the full care of the Periyakulam sta­tion; removed to Tirumangalam in October 1850 taking charge of part of that station, and retaining the charge of Periyakulam. He left for Ameri­ca in September 1852.

REV. C. LITTLE arrived in ~Iadura from America 16th April 184Q. re­lided at Paaumalai one and half year8; ~lr8. Little died 18th July of'tbe lame ycar. He removed to Tirumangallim October 1849; left for a visit to America January 1852, returned July 1854. and was immediatelyap-pointed to Tirupiivanam. '

C. S. SUEI.TON, )1. D. arrived in Ma(!ura. from America 2Sd March 1849. remained at MadUra unti124th Novembl:'r 1855 when he left for America.

Rev. J. T. NOYES. visited tbe mission from Jatfua in September 1852, joined the mission in June 1853 when he was appointed to Tirumangalam,~ and removed to Periyakulam in January 1854.

REV. T. S. BURNELL, arrived in the mission from Jaffila December 30 1855, appointed to Gsalampatti January 1856. and to MeIiir January 1857. He was ordained in Madura in ~ptemher 1856.

RE". W B. CAPRON, arrived in Madura from America in April 1851, re­sided in the Fort house until October; in September designated to Pittianflr and appointed to the temporary charge of the girls' school in Madura East.

Rev. C. T. White arri"t>d in Madura from America in April )857, re­sides at Pn8umallLi, designated to the Pulney station in S<>ptember 1857,

);o.:? :\(flbS ON TABLE HI. Page 43.

In Ja.nu:tn" 18~;;j. Mr. Todd on 1\. W:LS cOllnet.'ted with this Mission, Do. . 1836. ~tc8srs El'kul:"u. Uull, a.nd Lawrence had juined. no. TS;)7. Messrs PUOl' and Dwight had joined; Messrs Hall and

Eckard had left. lS:H<. !llessl's. 'fra.ty, ~IulZY, Crauf:', C(lpe, Cherry. Ward

and Stcdt' had joined. ) 83!l. X (I changes bad oc{'urrl,d 1 ~~O. :\lr. T\ldd had It'ft. 1841, Mr. Cope had left. 1812. Mr. Puor had lpn. 1~4;;, Mr. ~tf.'ele had died.

J:'

. ..r

42

10 January 18 •• , Mr. Ward had left; Mr. North bad joined. Do. 1845, Mr. Taylor had joined; Mr. Dwight had died; Mr.

Crane bad left. Do. 1846. No change bad occurred. Do. 1847. Messra Herric~ Rendall. Webb and McMillan had

joined, Mr. Lawrence had died. Do. 1S.S, Messrs Chandler and Ford bad joined; Mr. North

had left. Do. 1849, Mr Little had arrived. Do. 1850, Dr. Shelton had arrived; Mr. Cherry had left. Do. 1851, No cbange had occurred. ])0. 1852. No chan~ bad occurred. Do. 1853. Mr. Ford had left. Do. 185t,Mr. Noyes had joined. 1>0. ) 855. Mr. McMillan bad left. Do. 1856, Mr. Burnell had joined. Dr. Shelton had left. 1>0. 1857. No change had occured. Do. 1858. Messrs Capron and White had alTived.

43

Table IV.

NATIVE HELPERS.

z I I I ~S~ I' f I m~~ , ! iz lal I

r-~; ~ i I S ~ ~ I Ozu ~ I : ~ -5 ~ I ::~ i I . '.!, ~ ~ ::; I ~;~ ~ I ~ I ~ ~. t !! i ~< ~ I If 1. ~ ; ~ ~ ~ i. ~ i ____ _

1834 1835 1836 1837 1838 ;

~:: I lilt. ! 1842 i 1843 I 1H4 ! IlKS I 18C6

~::~ I 1849 i

1850 I 1851 I J852 1853

1

18S4 1855 1856 1857 I

~ : :1 ~ ~: ~I 4 18 0 i 0 0 0 IS i

:1 ~ ! i g g g ~ Ii

10 38 0 0 i 0 0 38 9 28 0 0' 0, 0 28 836 0 0 oj 0 36'

7 .. 0 0' 0: ~oo I 44 i ~ :: : ~'g ( :: I 659 0 0 01 [)9 1

9 48 0 0 o! 0 411 i 10 Gt 0 0; 0 I 0 61! 11 53 0 o· 0' 0 53 11 0 0 22 61 0 83 JI 0 0 2f 56 0 so 1 1 0 0 20 60 0 80 , It) 0 1- 18 72 0 91 I

10 0 212i.o 33 41 96 ! 10 0 2 ltTl 50 30 101 I 10 0 3 I 19 J 51 32 105

o o o o o I

o o o o o o

5279 4985 2844 2459 2090 41H 5143 :'541 6303 111t i197 1794 8421

o o o o o o ~ i o o o

18 25 42 37 28 35 46 48 48 50 56 51 50

o o o o o o o o o o Q

11 15 25 !J 16 21 27 21' 29 SO 33 30 29

Table V.

-----~

NATIVE

CHt:RCH.

01 01

" 1.51 ~: I 31 U .. 2 8T 96

120 217 186 217 202 235

2T6/ 335 443

571 I 6i7 804 921 !

o o o 6 o f

12 3 8

45 9

!f 97 lU· 31 15-33 41 59

108 laB 106 ItT 117

11 0 12t! 20 . 34 40 96 !

---------1 ·----]Rtiv~--P-;~~~-11-pr--·---------------~I~--------Loss.

__ . ___ __~ of these ~ _Wl_ti_ve_p_r_l'R_C_b_er_ • .-:... ____ ""-____ _

\

Table VI.

SMlIlillg the Statistics qf the CI'W'~""B at t~ StatiOll •.

. ---------- ","-----------Table VIZ.

1'U& CONGIlEG:\TIONS 4lfDTB1UR SCHOOLS.

Table VIII.

SHEWING THE STATISTICS OF THE CON. GREGATIONS AT 'I'liE STATIONS.

4.5

i TabMi IX. Table X.'Table XI.'

!-:;~-E-- - GIRLS' 1- BOY~~' ISCHOOLS FOR BOARDING BOARDIX(,;

HEATHEN. SCHOOLS. SCHOOLS.

------ ---.----

.<!

I ~ '-c: ;.,

~ ~ ~ .2

... ~;; ~~ ~ ~'I'.s!·E ~ ~,g J,:!-.: ];~:·5 0

r};;:~Ir8 i:l;~ ~ ~

;::1 i ~. 31 "i'I' ~ '1:---~---'1836! 30 ]214117 0 i 0 0 0 HI3i 36 22~4 140 0 0 0 12f 1838 60 m4 2340 0 (/ I (/ 30

i1839i 64 )821>24. 6 () I 0 i1; :1840 96,308737014 17 7 0 8.'i :18411 82:3047 319~ 23 23 0 112 11812, 92138;15 3:,~!\ 17 18 0 lSI lIU!:! 143353 4 .. 46 23 2~ I 0 144 ;1844'114\33534611 2;1 28 2 144 ,ltU5114:Si57;329 3?";1 53

81 I 3 216

1184S! 6;:300113865 u [, 155 11847, i4:269S'33i.f 0, 30! 0 til ',1848", 331"72! 1747 0, 28; 0 i7 11849· 17 386: 70 0 1 26; 1 68 : 18~oi 20 4901 727 0' 24 '" 69§ ,1851 1 1.5\ 532 SSS 0 i 32 0 82& ;18!12 14 .ctl3 61 0 I 37 6 88 116:1:11 1014411, 415 0 1 liP I fl 91 118541 0i 0 0 ! 47 I 5 9~ 11855. 0

1

' 0 0 i 38 4 i!!" !ISS6: 0 0' 0 I 42 9 :litt :lI~51i 0, 0; 0 O! 4. 4. 23n ___ , _J.... ___ . ___ l _______ ,_ ..

'fable XII.

SEMINARY_

The two Girls' Sellool5 were united in Madura in July. t A BOJ'I' Boarding ~(hool ('(lmmencpd in l>lntli~ul. t ti('hoola commenced in Sivugunga,. Tirumanj:ltillm, and Tirupu\'IlIlUl1l S This ~eal' Chriatian chlldrt'D of the district "nb were adluitted._ • The 4rupGYamlln School was removed t,o Mlllldllpas.ilai. V The Sehuul at Slvagunga WllIl removed tu Tirupil\·amun • •• "lIe ~choola at J\hndapaaiJai, and Dindigul "ere dilOC'l.lIItillut'd. tt The Schoolll at 'l'1l"UlltlrIUlIUU. and Dindigul \\t'rt' dis('-ontillllt'd. :+.1;'lIe lust School dillcontiuued.

Tublt: XIII.

Tite fl1llorDi.g DDIIIIJiou art thaaltful{" uelmtifL'i«lg«J.

11.1. ... P. J. Cttlebrook. EIq. 100 O. 0 Ht~,·. T. S. Bu.r1lt'll. 100 0 0 It. friend '" 100 0 0 W. Kno~. EIQ. The t. Patriut" fur 2 yean, ... 34 8 IJ

~ ~ ~ ,

II ",,0

G l l

~'\~

1 ;.! I:;

I

1- .... __ . __ .. ___ .. __

I 30

I

,l~ I

/

/ /

/V;~E~E1L1LY

I 0

-.~-----.- .. ~ \

\

7

I •• _1

.' l

!' i

f'-'~ 'IJ \

. • ..... ' I

.j..-J\ ... - .. i \ I

,", \ ( \./.~. '.

---._-_. ---- -. -- -._1 i . , .. __ ."

'~~~~!,,~~~~~~--~an~a~~'as~ !

./.... TirupJra.nam/ /

""" ....... \.

--, '. -~.--....

.......... , ...

I. i \.

" .. ,

,

\ I , i

I

-'".J

(

.... ,,­," )

)

\ " i

r-: ... i

,-,-,,?

I

/ /

/

/

/-~

7

I lJ'ulJUI"-]J[ lr~nu/Ju,.

I

ill IlJit~/d. ~I'y i M",nnn" . !i, :.,,~......,,'tLTtU.

y I A;ma.ffl/ I ..

n :.lfJ;lu~-, . .

YJI ; SU'a'dU115tl/: I J .•

TITI;J~nd~,

1:'\ IPe:nvakulam/.

X jl~~~u1u X[ : .:tradura-:

j

:KIT! Tt-"·upu.v-anal1v: :K!IJlI.: l' a.liiyarulr.

Xl'r; ](~u;uzail. XY j [/jalampa#L-·.

" X'Vll1 Tiru;f1'UUl;!Jalarn:

\ID'1l.~1{a',7d/7rJ~ . \ .~

i'Mll Jianulh.'.:

\ .,. ....... , ,/ ,

l ./;

i ... L" ....... , ",.-

------- '-- -, .. ----' - -------

.... .-/.

~i