Announcements• Final returned• Answer keys posted tonight (take

home assignment, practice problems)

• No 10th period SGI today (BUT yes 10th period tomorrow)

Do Now:• Anterograde vs retrograde amnesia• Proactive vs retroactive interference

AIM: How can we review language, development, and

emotion?

May 6, 2010AP Psychology Review

Language• Language Theories:

– Chomsky: Language Acquisition Device– Whorf Linguistic Relativity Hypothesis

• Language Acquisition Stages– Babbling– One word– Two Word

• Overgeneralization

Availability Heuristic- judging a situation based on

examples of similar situations that come to mind initially

Example: plane crashes

Representative heuristic: Judging a situation based on

how similar the aspects are to prototypes that person holds

in his or her mind

http://www.thetruckersreport.com/trucker.poems/

Mental set- falling into established thought patterns

• Belief bias: illogical conclusions to confirm our beliefs

• Belief perseverance: tendency NOT to change our beliefs (even when presented with contradicting evidence)

• Confirmation Bias: search for evidence that confirms our beliefs

• Framing

Divergent versus Convergent Thinking

• Divergent= creative, multiple solutions

• Convergent= problem solving

May 7, 2010Ms. Simon

AP Psychology Review

AIM: How can we review Emotion, Intelligence, and Development, Personality?

Theories of Motivation• Drive Reduction Theory

– Homeostasis– Primary and secondary drives

• Arousal Theory

• Incentive Theory

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

HUNGER• Lateral hypothalamus= stimulates

hunger• Ventromedial hypothalamus= satiety

center• Set-point Theory: hypothalamus wants

to maintain an optimum body weight

Eating Disorders• Bulimia

• Anorexia

• Obesity

Sexual Motivation

General Adaptation Syndrome

According to Selye, a stress response to any kind ofstimulation is similar. The stressed individual goes

through three phases.

EPA

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Theories of Emotion• James-Lange: Physiological response,

then emotion

• Cannon-Bard: Cognitive awareness and physiological change occur simultaneouslythalamus autonomic nervous system cortex

Shacter Two-Factor: physiological response and cognitive label

Piaget’s Stages of Development

Sensorimotor: birth to two yearsexplore world through senseobject permanence

Preoperational: 2-7 yearsLanguage abilityEgocentric

Concrete Operational (8-12 yrs)logic thoughtconcepts of conservationTheory of Mind

Formal Operational (12 to adulthood)

Kohlberg’s Moral Development

• Preconventional

• Conventional

• Postconventional

Personality• Unique attitudes, behaviors, and

emotions that characterize a person

• Type A vs. Type B

Freud’s Psychosexual Stages

Id= pleasure principle Ego= reality principle

Superego= Societal ideals

Defense Mechanisms• Repression• Denial• Displacement• Projection• Reaction Formation• Regression• Rationalization• Sublimation

Trait Theories• Eysenck: introverson-extroversion scale• Cattell- 16 PF• Big Five

– Extraversion– Agreeableness– Openness– Conscientiousness– Neuroticism (versus Emotional Stability)

Intelligence• Standardization

• Reliability

• Validity