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Announcements1.Film showings:
Food, Inc.6210 Sewell Social Sciences
7:15, Tuesday and Wednesday
2. Open Office hours: Thursday 2-4, 8122D Social Sciences
3. We need a note taker from the class: volunteers please come up after class.
4. 12th annual Socio-cultural bike tour of Madison lead by Erik Olin Wright,
Saturday the 18th, starting at 10:30 a.m.Budget Bicycle parking lot, 1230 Regent St.
THINKING SOCIOLOGICALLY
Pivotal Idea: rules govern actions Six Basic Sociological Ideas about Social Rules
1. Rules are enforced2. Rules come in many diverse forms 3. Rules are not neutral – winners & losers4. Rules are backed by power5. Rules are often inconsistent6. Rules change over time
Lecture 2, Tuesday, September 7
WHAT KIND OF SOCIETY IS THE UNITED STATES?
3 Steps to answer the question3 Steps to answer the question
1.1.What are the main What are the main dimensionsdimensions in terms of in terms of which societies vary?which societies vary?
2.2.What are the main What are the main categoriescategories or or typestypes on on each dimension?each dimension?
3.3.Which of these types best describes the Which of these types best describes the United States?United States?
1. Technology2. The economy3. Economic Inequality4. Political Institutions5. Role of the Military6. Gender relations7. Social cleavages8. Immigration9. Culture10. Violence
Ten Dimensions on which Societies Vary
Other Dimensions?
Some points to emphasize
Technology: how do technologies vary?
1. Productivity2. Cost
Key theme: The US has achieved extraordinary levels of productivity
that open up huge new human possibilities, but the use of this productivity to enhance overall wellbeing is undermined by our institutions.
The Economy:Basic Definition of “Capitalism”
1)1) Production is for the market Production is for the market
2)2) Enterprises are privately owned and run for Enterprises are privately owned and run for profits. profits.
3)3) People who do not own enterprises earn their People who do not own enterprises earn their living by working as employees for privately living by working as employees for privately owned firms.owned firms.
What kind of capitalism?What kind of capitalism?
U.S. Capitalism = HYPER-CAPITALISMU.S. Capitalism = HYPER-CAPITALISM
powerful corporationspowerful corporations weak unionsweak unions relatively weak public regulation of marketsrelatively weak public regulation of markets very low taxationvery low taxation very high levels of economic inequalityvery high levels of economic inequality
Economic InequalityEconomic Inequality
Key themeKey theme: The US has the highest levels of inequality of all
developed economies.
Consequences:• Around 20% of children are poor in the US• Richest 1% of households have 190 times
more wealth than the median household• Things have gotten much more unequal in the
past three decades
Political InstitutionsPolitical InstitutionsThe U.S. has a democratic form of
government, but it is a relatively thin democracy
Key theme: As a society we spend more on political competition
than any other, and yet this yields only a thin
form of democracy. Why?
The Military and Global PowerThe Military and Global Power
Key Theme:The United States is a relatively militaristic society
and has generally adopted a militarily aggressive policy internationally. The U.S. has intervened militarily in more countries since WWII than any other nation.
GenderGender
Key theme: We are living in the midst of the most dynamic
and rapid transformation of gender relations in human history.
Social CleavageSocial Cleavage
Key theme: Racial inequality and racial cleavage remains a
deep and serious reality of American life in spite of the very real progress in the last half century.
CultureCultureCulture = shared patterns of beliefs and values
Important aspects of U.S. Culture: Pluralism and tolerance of diversity Individualism Community Religiosity Commercialism & consumerism Other aspects?