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Annexure Pest Control India Pvt. Ltd.
Annexure: 2.1
Annexure Pest Control India Pvt. Ltd.
Annexure Pest Control India Pvt. Ltd.
Annexure Pest Control India Pvt. Ltd.
Annexure Pest Control India Pvt. Ltd.
Annexure: 3.1 - Detailed Floral & Faunal Inventory
Table 1: Project plot specific floral inventory (vegetation by virtue of existing green belt)
Botanical Name Habit Family Local Name Origin No. of plants Area (sq. m.)
Existing green belt GB-5
Ixora coccinea Sh Rubiaceae Rugmini Na 21 220
Hibiscus rasa-sinensis Sh Malvaceae Jaswand Na 17
Bougainvillea spectabilis (Dwarf
variety)
Cl Nyctaginaceae Booganvel In 6
Catharanthus roseus Hb Apocynaceae Sadaphuli In 13
Duranta erecta Sh Verbenaceae -- In 5
Existing green belt GB-6
Polyalthia longifolia Tr Annonaceae Devdar/Ashok Na 2 130
Syzygium cumini Tr Myrtaceae Jambul Na 1
Ficus religiosa Tr Moraceae Peepal Na 1
Mangifera indica Tr Anacardiaceae Amba Na 1
Hibiscus rasa-sinensis Sh Malvaceae Jaswand Na 13
Ixora coccinea Sh Rubiaceae Rugmini Na 16
Total existing green belt area & no. of plants 95 350
Hb - Herb, Cl - Climber, Sh - Shrub, Tr - Tree, Na - Native, In - Introduced
Annexure Pest Control India Pvt. Ltd.
Table 2: Project plot specific floral inventory (naturally grown vegetation in open spaces
within the project plot)
Sr. No. Botanical Name Habit Family Local Name Origin
Naturally grown vegetation in the project plot
1 Blumea oxyodonta Hb Asteraceae -- Na
2 Tridax procumbens Hb Asteraceae -- Nt
3 Scoparia dulcis Hb Scrophulariaceae -- Na
4 Alternanthera sessilis Hb Amaranthaceae Kanchari Na
5 Ageratum conyzoides Hb Asteraceae Ghaneri osaadi Na
6 Vernonia sp. Hb Asetrace -- Na
7 Euphorbia hirta Hb Euphorbiaceae Dudhi Na
8 Amaranthus viridis Hb Amaranthaceae Math Na
9 Parthenium
hysterophorus
Sh Asteraceae -- Nt
10 Calotropis gigantea Tr Asclepiadaceae Rui Na
11 Hyptis suaveolens Hb Lamiaceae Jungali tulas Nt
12 Lantana camara Sh Verbenaceae Ghaneri Nt
Hb - Herb, Sh - Shrub, Tr - Tree, Na - Native, Nt - Naturalized
Table 3: Floral diversity observed in the study area
Sr.
No. Botanical Name Habit Family Local Name
IUCN
Status
Origin
Inner 5 km (Core Study Area)
1 Avicennia marina Tr Acanthaceae Tivar Least
Concern ver 3.1
Na
2 Avicennia
officinalis Tr Acanthaceae Tivar
Least Concern ver
3.1
Na
3 Acanthus
ilicifolius Sh Acanthaceae Marandi
Least Concern ver
3.1
Na
4 Ceriops tagal Tr Rhizhophoraceae -- Least
Concern ver 3.1
Na
5 Caesalpinia
bonduc Cl Caesalpiniaceae Sagarlata
Not
Assessed
Na
6 Derris scandens Cl Fabaceae Garudvel Least
Concern ver 3.1
Na
7 Derris trifoliata Cl Fabaceae Karanj vel Not
Assessed
Na
8 Clerodendrum
inerme Sh Verbenaceae Vanjai
Not
Assessed
Na
9 Salvadora persica Tr Salvadoraceae Pilu Not Na
Annexure Pest Control India Pvt. Ltd.
Assessed
10 Lantana camara Sh Verbenaceae Ghaneri Not
Assessed
Na
11 Ipomoea pes-
caprae Cl Convolvulaceae Maryada-vel
Not
Assessed
Na
12 Calotropis
gigantea Tr Asclepiadaceae Rui
Not
Assessed
Na
13 Fimbristylis
ferruginea Hb Cyperaceae --
Least Concern ver
3.1
--
14 Sesuvium
portulacastrum Hb Aizoaceae Dhapa
Not
Assessed
Na
15 Ipomoea obscura Cl Convolvulaceae Pilobonvaei Not
Assessed
Na
16 Typha
domingensis Hb Typhaceae Pan-kanis
Least Concern ver
3.1
Na
17 Cyperus rotundus Hb Cyperaceae Barik motha Least
Concern ver 3.1
Na
18 Lantana camara Sh Verbenaceae Ghaneri Not
Assessed
Nt
19 Hyptis suaveolens Hb Lamiaceae Jungali tulas Not
Assessed
Nt
20 Chromolaena
odorata
Hb Asteraceae Tivra gandha Not
Assessed
Nt
21 Persicaria glabra Hb Polygonaceae Sheral Least
Concern ver 3.1
Na
22 Ricinus communis Tr Euphorbiaceae Aerandal Not
Assessed
Na
23 Ipomoea carnea Sh Convolvulaceae Besharam Not
Assessed
Nt
24 Thespesia
populnea Tr Malvaceae Paras pipal
Not
Assessed
Na
25 Lysiloma
latisiliquum Tr Fabaceae --
Not
Assessed
--
26 Blumea oxyodonta Hb Asterace -- Not
Assessed
Na
27 Sphaeranthus
indicus Hb Asteraceae Gorakhmundi
Least Concern ver
3.1
Na
28 Millingtonia
hortensis
Tr Bignoniaceae Kaval nimb Not
Assessed
Na
29 Quisqualis indica Cl Combretaceae Vilayati chambeli Not
Assessed
Na
30 Bougainvillea
spectabilis Cl Nyctaginaceae Booganvel
Not
Assessed
In
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31 Tecoma stans Tr Bignoniaceae Ghantiful Not
Assessed
In
32 Nerium oleander Sh Apocynaceae Kaner Least
Concern ver 3.1
Na
33 Thevetia
peruviana Tr Apocynaceae Pivli kaner
Not
Assessed
Nt
34 Tabernaemontana
divaricata Tr Apocynaceae Ananta
Not
Assessed
Na
35 Plumeria rubra Tr Apocynaceae Chafa Not
Assessed
In
36 Psidium guajava Tr Myrtaceae Peru Not
Assessed
Na
37 Annona squamosa Tr Annonaceae Sitaphal Not
Assessed
In
38
Carica papaya Tr Caricaceae Papaya Data Deficient ver
3.1
Na
39 Peltophorum
pterocarpum Tr Caesalpiniaceae Tambadsheng
Not
Assessed
In
40 Spathodea
campanulata Tr Bignoniaceae Pichkari
Not
Assessed
In
41 Ipomoea obscura Cl Convolvulaceae Pungali Not
Assessed
Na
42 Merremia vitifolia Cl Convolvulaceae Navli Not
Assessed
Na
43 Mucuna pruriens Cl Fabaceae Khaj kuiri Not
Assessed
Nt
Outer 5 km (Buffer Study Area)
1 Butea
monosperma Tr Fabaceae Palash
Not
Assessed
Na
2 Cassia fistula Tr Caesalpiniaceae Bahava Not
Assessed
Na
3 Calotropis
gigantea Sh Asclepidaceae Rui
Not
Assessed
Na
4 Mucuna pruriens Cl Fabaceae Khaj kuiri Not
Assessed
Nt
5 Gliricidia sepium Tr Fabaceae -- Not
Assessed
In
6 Amaranthus viridis Hb Amaranthaceae Math Not
Assessed
Na
7 Tectona grandis Tr Verbenacea Saag Not
Assessed
Na
8 Peltophorum
pterocarpum Tr Caesalpiniaceae Tambadsheng
Not
Assessed
In
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9 Macaranga peltata Tr Euphorbiaceae Chandwar Not
Assessed
Na
10 Moullava spicata Tr Caesalpiniaceae Wagati Not
Assessed
Na
11 Acacia
auriculiformis Tr Mimosaceae --
Least Concern ver
3.1
In
13 Bombax ceiba Tr Bombacaceae Sawar Not
Assessed
Na
14 Microcos
paniculata Tr Tiliaceae Shirali
Not
Assessed
Na
15 Alstonia scholaris Tr Apocynaceae Saptaparni
Lower Risk/least
concern ver 2.3
Na
16 Caryota urens Tr Arecaceae Bherli maad Least
Concern ver 3.1
Na
17 Oroxylum indicum Tr Bignoniaceae Tetu Not
Assessed
Na
18 Dregea volubilis Cl Asclepiadaceae Harandodi Not
Assessed
Na
19 Helicteres isora Tr Sterculiaceae Murudsheng Not
Assessed
Na
20 Cocos nucifera Tr Arecaceae Naral Not
Assessed
Na
21 Calycopteris
floribunda Cl Combretaceae Ukshi
Not
Assessed
Na
22 Mangifera indica Tr Anacardiaceae Amba Data
Deficient ver 2.3
Na
23 Artocarpus
heterophyllus Tr Moraceae Phanas
Not
Assessed
Na
24 Terminalia
bellirica Tr Combretaceae Baheda
Not
Assessed
Na
25 Wrightia tinctoria Tr Apocynaceae Kala kuda
Lower Risk/least
concern ver 2.3
Na
26 Carissa carandas Sh Apocynaceae Karwanda Not
Assessed
Na
27 Terminalia
paniculata Tr Combretaceae Kinjal
Not
Assessed
Na
28 Xylia xylocarpa Tr Mimosaceae Jambha Not
Assessed
Na
29 Callicarpa
tomentosa Tr Verbenaceae Ayamsar
Not
Assessed
Na
30 Syzygium cumini Tr Myrtaceae Jambul Not
Assessed
Na
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31 Tabernaemontana
alternifolia Tr Apocynaceae Naag kuda
Not
Assessed
Na
32 Terminalia
elliptica Tr Combretaceae Ain
Not
Assessed
Na
33 Ficus racemosa Tr Moraceae Umber Not
Assessed
Na
34 Madhuca
longifolia Tr Sapotaceae Mahua --
Na
35 Schleichera
oleosa Tr Sapindaceae Kusum
Not
Assessed
Na
36 Ficus benghalensis Tr Moraceae Vad Not
Assessed
Na
37 Erythrina
suberosa Tr Fabaceae Pangara
Not
Assessed
Na
38 Bridelia retusa Tr Phyllanthaceae Asana Not
Assessed
Na
39 Sterculia guttata Tr Sterculiaceae Kukar Not
Assessed
Na
40 Holoptelea
integrifolia Tr Ulmaceae Ainsadada
Not
Assessed
Na
41 Catunaregam
spinosa Tr Rubiaceae Ghela
Not
Assessed
Na
42 Cordia dichotoma Tr Boraginaceae Shelu Not
Assessed
Na
43 Ficus religiosa Tr Moraceae Pimpal Not
Assessed
Na
44 Terminalia
catappa Tr Combretaceae Jangali badam
Not
Assessed
Na
45 Azadirachta indica Tr Meliaceae Kadu limb Not
Assessed
Na
46 Pongamia pinnata Tr Fabaceae Karanj Least
Concern ver 3.1
Na
47 Albizia lebbeck Tr Mimosaceae Siris Not
Assessed
Na
48 Neolamarckia
cadamba Tr Rubiaceae Kadamba
Not
Assessed
Na
49 Dalbergia sissoo Tr Fabaceae Shisham Not
Assessed
Na
50 Leea indica Sh Vitaceae Karkani Not
Assessed
Na
51 Heterophragma
quadriloculare
Tr Bignoniaceae Waras Not
Assessed
Na
52 Bambusa bambos Hb Poaceae Bamboo Not
Assessed
Na
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53 Argemone
mexicana Hb Papaveraceae Dhtora
Not
Assessed
Nt
54 Pithecellobium
dulce Tr Mimosaceae Vilayati chinch
Not
Assessed
Nt
55 Moringa oleifera Tr Moringaceae Shevaga Not
Assessed
Na
56 Typha
domingensis Hb Typhaceae Pan-kanis
Least Concern ver
3.1
Na
57 Cyperus rotundus Hb Cyperaceae Barik motha Least
Concern ver 3.1
Na
58 Lantana camara Sh Verbenaceae Ghaneri Not
Assessed
Nt
59 Hyptis suaveolens Hb Lamiaceae Jungali tulas Not
Assessed
Nt
60 Chromolaena
odorata
Hb Asteraceae Tivra gandha Not
Assessed
Nt
Hb - Herb, Cl- Climber, Sh -Shrub, Tr - Tree, Na - Native, Nt- Naturalized, In - Introduced
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Table 4: Avifaunal diversity observed in the Study Area
Sr.
No.
Family Scientific
Name
Common
Name
IUCN
Status
WPA
Assessment
Habitat Feeding Habit Dwelling
Status
1 Leiothrichidae Turdoides
striatus
Jungle
Babbler
Least Concern ver
3.1
Schedule -
IV
Outlying jungle,
gardens, groves
of trees about
towns &
villages
Omnivorous R
2 Pycnonotidae Pycnonotus
cafer
Red
Vented
Bulbul
Least Concern ver
3.1
Schedule -
IV
Gardens, light
scrub jungle,
near and away
human
habitations
Omnivorous R
3 Pycnonotus
jocosus
Red
Whiskered
Bulbul
Least Concern ver
3.1
Schedule -
IV
Though enters
gardens prefers
wooded
localities
Omnivorous R
4 Meropidae Merops
orientalis
Small Bee
Eater
Least Concern ver
3.1
-- Gardens, light
scrub jungle,
near and away
human
habitations
Insectivorous R
5 Halcyonidae Halcyon
smyrnensis
White-
throated
Kingfisher
Least Concern ver
3.1
Schedule -
IV
Near ponds,
puddles, rain-
filled ditches,
inundated paddy
fields, near
shore, also in
wooded country
away from
water
Piscivorous &
Insectivorous
R
6 Columbidae Streptopelia
chinensis
Spotted
Dove
Not Assessed Schedule -
IV
Open well
wooded &
Granivorous R
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cultivated
country freely
enters gardens
7 Columba livia Blue Rock
Pigeon
Least Concern ver
3.1
-- Lives in close
association with
man in human
inhabited areas
Granivorous R
8 Alcedinidae Alcedo atthis Small Blue
Kingfisher
Least Concern ver
3.1
Schedule -
IV
Near streams,
tanks, puddles
Piscivorous &
Insectivorous
R
9 Charadriidae Vanellus
indicus
Red-
wattled
Lapwing
Least Concern ver
3.1
-- Open country,
ploughed fields,
grazing land,
margins & dry
beds of tanks,
puddles
Insectivorous R
10 Ardeidae Bubulcus ibis Cattle
Egret
Least Concern ver
3.1
Schedule -
IV
Reed swamps in
& around
surface water
bodies
Insectivorous
& Piscivorous
R
11 Egretta
garzetta
Little Egret Least Concern ver
3.1
Schedule -
IV
Jheels, Swamps,
Wetlands etc.
R
12 Ardeola grayii Indian
Pond
Heron
Least Concern ver
3.1
Schedule -
IV
Found wherever
there is water
Insectivorous
& Piscivorous
R
13 Nycticorax
nycticorax
Black-
crowned
Night-
Heron
Least Concern ver
3.1
Jheels, inland
waters, tidal
creeks &
mangrove
swamps
Carnivorous R
14 Dicruridae Dicrurus
macrocercus
Black
Drongo
Least Concern ver
3.1
Schedule -
IV
A familiar bird
of open country
Omnivorous R
15 Corvidae Corvus House Least Schedule - Lives in close Omnivorous R
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splendens Crow Concern ver 3.1
V association with
man in human
inhabited areas
16 Corvus
macrorhynchos
Jungle
Crow
Least Concern ver
3.1
- Chiefly a bird of
country side but
also seen in
town & villages
Omnivorous R
17 Sturnidae Acridotheres
tristis
Common
Myna
Least Concern ver
3.1
Schedule -
IV
An associate of
human
inhabited areas
Omnivorous R
18 Sturnus
pagodarum
Brahminy
starling
Least Concern ver
3.1
Schedule -
IV
Freely enters
gardens, towns,
villages, partial
to moist
grassland, near
grazing cattle’s
Omnivorous RM
19 Muscicapidae Saxicola
caprata
Pied
Bushchat
Least Concern ver
3.1
-- Sparsely
scrubbed
country &
hillsides,
common in
neighborhood of
cultivation &
villages
Insectivorous R
20 Alaudidae Ammomanes
phoenicura
Rufous-
tailed lark
Least Concern ver
3.1
-- Scrub covered
plains
Insectivorous R
21 Phalacrocoracidae Phalacrocorax
niger
Little
Cormorant
Least Concern ver 3.1
-- Inland waters,
brackish
lagoons, tidal
creeks
Piscivorous R
22 Muscicapidae Saxicoloides
fulicata
Indian
Robin
Least Concern ver
3.1
-- Stony scrub
country
Insectivorous R
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23 Copsychus
saularis
Oriental
Magpie-
Robin
Least Concern ver
3.1
-- In & around
villages along
shrubberies
Insectivorous
& Herbivorous
R
24 Psittacidae Psittacula
krameri
Rose-
ringed
Parakeet
Least Concern ver
3.1
Schedule –
IV
Wooded
country,
Cultivations,
Orchards
Frugivorous R
25 Accipitridae Milvus migrans Black Kite Least Concern ver
3.1
-- Carnivorous R
26 Cuculidae Centropus
sinensis
Greater
Coucal
Least Concern ver
3.1
Schedule-
IV
Open forest,
Scrubs,
Shrubbery
Carnivorous R
27 Passeridae Passer
domesticus
House
sparrow
Least Concern ver
3.1
-- A confirmed
hanger-on of
man
Omnivorous R
28 Rallidae Amaurornis
phoenicurus
White-
breasted
Waterhen
Least Concern ver
3.1
-- Moist ground
overgrown with
tangles of
bushes, margins
of jheels &
ponds
Omnivorous R
29 Porphyrio
poliocephalus
Grey-
headed
Swamphen
Not Assessed -- Reedy swaps,
Margins of
jheels
overgrown with
bushes
Omnivorous R
30 Phoenicopteridae Phoenicopterus
roseus
Greater
Flamingo
Least Concern ver
3.1
Schedule-
IV
Jheels, Lagoons,
Salt pans,
Estuaries
Insectivorous-
seeds of marsh
plants-organic
ooze
M
31 Phoeniconaias
minor
Lesser
Flamingo
Near Threatened ver
3.1
Schedule-
IV
Salt pans,
Estuaries
Phytoplankton
(algae, diatoms
etc.)
M
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32 Ciconiidae Mycteria
leucophala
Painted
Stork
Near Threatened ver
3.1
Schedule-
IV
Marshy areas,
Lagoons, Salt
pans, Estuaries
Carnivorous LM
33 Anastomus
oscitans
Asian
Openbill-
Stork
Least Concern ver
3.1
Schedule-
IV
Marshy areas,
Lagoons, Salt
pans, Estuaries
Carnivorous LM
34 Threskiornithidae Pseudibis
papillosa
Red-naped
ibis
Least Concern ver
3.1
Schedule-
IV
Neighborhood
of rivers, jheels,
fallow land
Omnivorous R
35 Plegadis
falcinellus
Glossy ibis Least Concern ver
3.1
Schedule-
IV
Jeels, River
banks, Marshes
Carnivorous R
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Table 5: Faunal diversity observed in the Study Area
Sr.
No.
Common
Name
Scientific Name Family IUCN Status WPA
Assessment
Mammals
1 Indian Palm
Squirrel
Funambulus
palmarum
Sciuridae Least
Concern ver 3.1
--
2 Stray dog Canus sp. Canidae -- --
3 Pig Sus sp. Suidae -- --
4 Buffalo Bubalus sp. Bovidae -- --
Reptiles
1 Brahminy skink Eutropis carinata Scinidae
Least
Concern ver 3.1
--
2 Forest calotes Calotes rouxii Agamidae Least Concern ver
3.1 --
3 Oriental garden
lizard Calotes versicolor Agamidae
Not yet assessed --
Secondary Data
Reference I - Baseline Survey of birds at proposed Navi Mumbai International Airport
(NMIA) area TRI-MONTHLY REPORT APRIL-JUNE, 2013 - Bombay Natural History
Society
The authors of the above this reference have documented the avifauna diversity in the 10 km
radial area of the proposed Navi Mumbai International Airport (NMIA) site which is in close
proximity to the current project in consideration.
The study area in common/overlapping for the secondary data study & current project in
consideration is shown in the following figure.
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Figure: Annexure EB 3.1 - Study area of the secondary data & current project in
consideration
Study Period: Authors had conducted the study during the period of April-June 2013 whereas
the report had been compiled considering the literature review from the year 2011.
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The findings of the study are as described below.
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Reference II - A CONTRIBUTION TO AVIFAUNA OF URAN (RAIGAD),
MAHARASHTRA, INDIA - Malwadkar A. M. Dept. of Zoology, S. M. Joshi College,
Hadapsar, Pune - 411028
The authors of the research paper have documented the avifaunal diversity of some of the
wetlands & terrestrial habitats in Uran Village. These sites are near to the study area of the
project in consideration as depicted in the following figure.
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Figure: Annexure EB 3.2 - Study area of the secondary data & current project in
consideration
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Study Period: Authors had conducted the study during the period of June 2007 to May 2009.
The findings of the study are as described below.
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Annexure : 4.1
Incremental Concentration for PM10
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Incremental Concentration for PM2.5
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Incremental Concentration for SO2
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Incremental Concentration for NOx
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Incremental Concentration for CO
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Annexure 4.2
Raw Effluent Sample (Process + Scrubber) :
Sr.No. Parameters Result Units Method
1. pH 4.5 - APHA( 22ndEdition ) 4500 H+-B : 2012
2. COD 9850.0 mg/l APHA( 22ndEdition ) 5220-B : 2012
3.
4
BOD (270C 3 day) 3423.0 mg/l APHA( 22ndEdition ) 5210-B : 2012
4. TDS 34820.0 mg/l APHA( 22ndEdition ) 2540-C : 2012
5. TSS 7942.0 mg/l APHA( 22ndEdition ) 2540-D : 2012
Chemical consumption for Primary Treatment – I (Lime + Alum + Poly):
Sample
Qty. I
Chemical Consumption
10% Lime 10% Alum 0.1 % Poly Sludge Volume
1000ml Qty 4 ml 1.2 ml 2.0 ml
5 % pH 8.1 7.06 6.80
The Results of analysis after Primary Treatment:
Sr.No. Parameters Results Units Method
1. pH 7.1 - APHA( 22ndEdition ) 4500 H+-B 2012
2. COD 9554.5 mg/l APHA( 22ndEdition ) 5220-B : 2012
3.
4.
BOD (270C 3 day) 3310.0 mg/l APHA( 22ndEdition ) 5210-B : 2012
4. TDS 35004.0 mg/l APHA( 22ndEdition ) 2540-C : 2012
5. TSS 79.0 mg/l APHA( 22ndEdition ) 2540-D : 2012
ANALYSIS REPORT FOR WATER SAMPLE
Report No. SEETL/05/17/215
Name of Client M/s. Pest Control (India) Pvt. Ltd.
0 Pvt. Ltd. Address of Client Taloja MIDC
Treatment of HCOD/HTDS effluent ( Composite Process )
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The Results of analysis after Distillation:
Sr.No. Parameters Results Units Method
1. pH 6.7 - APHA( 22ndEdition ) 4500 H+-B 2012
2. COD 1320.00 mg/l APHA( 22ndEdition ) 5220-B : 2012
3.
4.
BOD (270C 3 day) 481.00 mg/l APHA( 22ndEdition ) 5210-B : 2012
4. TDS 510.0 mg/l APHA( 22ndEdition ) 2540-C : 2012
5. TSS BDL mg/l APHA( 22ndEdition ) 2540-D : 2012
The Results of analysis after mixing of Distillate + Sewage:
Sr.No. Parameters Distillate
Sewage After
mixing of
effluent
Units Method
1. pH 6.7 7.9 7.4 - APHA( 22ndEdition ) 4500 H+-B
2012 2. COD 1320.00 879 1030.0 mg/l APHA( 22ndEdition ) 5220-B : 2012
3.
4.
BOD (270C 3 day) 481.00 263 348.19 mg/l APHA( 22ndEdition ) 5210-B : 2012
4. TDS 510.0 981 808.11 mg/l APHA( 22ndEdition ) 2540-C : 2012
5. TSS BDL 325 208.19 mg/l APHA( 22ndEdition ) 2540-D : 2012
Biological Treatment:
Sr.No. Parameters Results Unit Method
12 hrs. 24hrs. 36hrs.
1. pH 7.7 7.9 8.0 - APHA( 22ndEdition ) 4500 H+-B
2012 2. COD 760.0 472.0 210.0 mg/l APHA( 22ndEdition ) 5220-B : 2012
3.
BOD (270C 3 day) 281.0 170.0 68.0 mg/l APHA( 22ndEdition ) 5210-B : 2012
4. TDS 804.6 800.0 798 mg/l APHA( 22ndEdition ) 2540-C : 2012
The Results after PSF/ACF:
Sr.No. Parameters Results Units Method
1. pH 7.5 - APHA( 22ndEdition ) 4500 H+-B 2012
2. COD 206.0 mg/l APHA( 22ndEdition ) 5220-B : 2012
3.
4.
BOD (270C 3 day) 66.0 mg/l APHA( 22ndEdition ) 5210-B : 2012
4. TDS 782.0 mg/l APHA( 22ndEdition ) 2540-C : 2012
Annexure Pest Control India Pvt. Ltd.
RO Treatment:
Sr.
No. Parameters
Results
Unit Method
RO Permeate RO Reject
1. pH 7.1 7.6 - APHA( 22ndEdition ) 4500 H+-B 2012
2. COD 22.0 928.0 mg/l APHA( 22ndEdition ) 5220-B : 2012
3.
BOD (270C 3 day) 8.0 293.0 mg/l APHA( 22ndEdition ) 5210-B : 2012
4. TDS 39.0 3697.0 mg/l APHA( 22ndEdition ) 2540-C : 2012
Annexure Pest Control India Pvt. Ltd.
Annexure : 4.3
Custic Image showing dispersion of Noise during construction phase
Annexure Pest Control India Pvt. Ltd.
Annexure : 4.4
Custic Image showing dispersion of Noise during operation phase
Annexure Pest Control India Pvt. Ltd.
Annexure : 7.1
PEST CONTROL INDIA PVT. LIMITED
PLOT 38 -39, TALOJA MIDC, NAVADE VILLAGE, PANVEL, RAIGAD, MAHARASHTRA
HAZOP STUDY FOR THE PROPOSED UNIT
JANUARY 2017
Annexure Pest Control India Pvt. Ltd.
01. INTRODUCTION
M/s PCI limited propose to establish a facility to manufacture bromadiolone technical (a pesticide) at their existing site at Taloja.
02. METHODOLOGY
The site visit was conducted at the factory in the month of September 2016. The laboratory scale R&D set up was seen at the
site. The documents pertaining to the processes such as rough process flow diagram and process description of stage wise
manufacturing process made available by the client, MSDS of the substances involved, etc. were made available. Detailed discussions
were held with the concerned officials of the factory regarding the process.
Based on the above HAZOP worksheets were prepared by applying standard procedures of using guide words to generate
deviations in the process parameters. Corrective actions wherever necessary were indicated.
03. THE NAMES OF THE PRODUCTS STUDIED
a. Bromadiolone Technical.
04. PERSONS INVOLVED IN THE HAZOP STUDY
Sr.
No. No.
Name Designation
Organisation
01. Shri. Gopal Krishna Rao Head, R & D Pest Control (India) Pvt. Ltd.
02. Shri. Vilas Andhere Site Manager Pest Control (India) Pvt. Ltd.
03. Shri. Amogh Joshi Environmental Engineer Sadekar Enviro Engineers Pvt. Ltd.
04. Shri. D. K. Joshi Proprietor / HAZOP Team Facilitator Parag Enterprises
Annexure Pest Control India Pvt. Ltd.
05. THE DOCUMENTS REFERRED TO
No regular P & I D was made available. A rough process flow diagram, which was referred to is enclosed at Annexure “A” to this
report.
Details of the process made available are enclosed in Annexure “B” to this report.
List of raw materials involved in given in Annexure “C” to this report
Copies of MSDS of raw materials involved are given in Annexure “D” to this report
06. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Parag Enterprises wish to thank the management of the Pest Control (India) Pvt. Ltd. for giving them the opportunity to carry out
the job. The observations could be done without any inhabitations and the free access was provided to all the documents / records /
files necessary for compilation of the report.
Annexure Pest Control India Pvt. Ltd.
07. THE HAZOP RECOMMENDATIONS
Sr. No. Recommendation
01 Spill control kit to be provided and spill control procedure to be developed
02 Regular calibration of the temperature indicator to be ensued
03 Temperature controller to be provided on the bromine addition line so that if the temperature goes beyond 20 deg. c., the
addition should stop
04 Orifice plate (calibrated) to be provided in the bromine addition line.
05 Provide two valves in the bromine addition line.
06 Procedure to be developed for periodic checking of the integrity of the glass lining.
07 To provide protective paint on the glass flask so as to ensure that splinters of glass flask do not take place in case of
breakage of the same.
08 Glass flask to be provided with wire mesh protection
09 To obtain a certificate from the suppler of the glass flask to confirm that it can withstand full vacuum.
10 Scrubber working to be ensured before starting the batch.
11 The reactor is adequately inertised by nitrogen purging to prevent fire and explosion.
12 The inertisation procedure to be defined and validated
13 Ensure slow addition of dry powder with the help of an earthed SS scoop.
14 The addition of borohydride should be done through glove box
Annexure Pest Control India Pvt. Ltd.
08. THE HAZOP WORKSHEETS HAZOP COVERSHEET
STAGE 1 – PREPARATION OF 4 BROMO BIPHENYL
Node No. 01
Design Intention Preparation of liquid bromine solution in EDC
Steps involved
Receiving 57 lit EDC
Cooling to 20 deg. c
receive 8.3 l bromine in glass flask by applying vacuum to glass flask
add bromine slowly over one hour to EDC
drain the bromine solution in HDPE barrels.
P & I D Nil
Equipment MS/GLR – 600 lit, glass addition flask for bromine
SOP No. -
Available controls -
Services Operating Parameters
Temperature Pressure Flow rate/ Quantity
EDC Room temp. Atmosphere 57 lit
Bromine Room temp. Atmosphere 8.3 lit
Annexure Pest Control India Pvt. Ltd.
Node No.: 01
Guide Word Deviation Causes Consequences Controls
Existing Additional(Proposed)
No / not Not pertinent
Less Less EDC received
Leakage during addition
Health hazard associated with EDC
- Spill control kit to be provided and spill control procedure to be developed.
(1)
Less bromine received
Leakage during addition
Health hazard associated with bromine
- Spill control kit to be provided and spill control procedure to be developed
More More than 20 deg. c. during addition of bromine
Inaccurate temperature indicator
Generation of more vapors of bromine, which may not get absorbed in the scrubber system
- Regular calibration of the temperature indicator to be ensued.
(2)
Faster addition of bromine
Generation of more vapors of bromine, which may not get absorbed in the scrubber system
- Temperature controller to be provided on the bromine addition line so that if the temperature goes beyond 20 deg. c., the addition should stop.
(3)
Orifice plate (calibrated) to be provided in the bromine addition line.
(4)
Failure of the addition valve
Provide two valves in the bromine addition line.
(5)
Annexure Pest Control India Pvt. Ltd.
Other than Unsafe operation
Damaged glass lining
Health hazard associated with bromine
- Procedure to be developed for periodic checking of the integrity of the glass lining.
(6)
Breakage of glass flask
Health and environmental hazards associated with bromine
- To provide protective paint on the glass flask so as to ensure that splinters of glass flask do not take place in case of breakage of the same.
(7)
Glass flask to be provided with wire mesh protection
(8)
Implosion of the glass flask due to vacuum.
Health and environmental hazards associated with bromine
To obtain a certificate from the suppler of the glass flask to confirm that it can withstand full vacuum.
(9)
Ineffective working of the scrubber
Environmental emission of bromine vapours
- Scrubber working to be ensured before starting the batch.
(10)
Part of Not pertinent
Reverse Not pertinent
As well as Not pertinent
Node No. 02
Design Intention To carry out bromination reaction
Steps involved
Receive 57 lit of EDC in GLR
Receive 40 kg of biphenyl
Receive 0.26 kg of FeCl3
Receive 0.6 kg of iodine
Receive the solution of bromine in EDC slowly at the rate of not more than 15 lit/hr, maintaining temperature below 25 deg. c.
Annexure Pest Control India Pvt. Ltd.
Quench the reaction mass in ice in HDPE barrel.
Receive the quenched mass back to GLR 600 lit.
Settle for 1 hour (organic layer at the bottom, aqueous layer at top, which is sent to ETP)
Distil organic layer to recover EDC. Residue from distillation is the crude product
Reside is fractionated to get 4 dibromophenol
P & I D
Equipment HDPE container containing Bromine solution in EDC, MS/GLR – 600 lit, glass flask
SOP No. -
Available controls Spill control kit provided
Services Operating Parameters
Temperature Pressure Flow rate/ Quantity
EDC Room temp. Atmosphere 57 lit
Bromine solution in EDC Room temp. Atmosphere 65 lit (app.)
FeCl3 0.26 kg
Iodine crystal 0.6 kg.
Node No.: 02
Guide Word Deviation Causes Consequences Controls
Existing Additional(Proposed)
No / not Not pertinent
Less Less EDC received
Leakage during addition
Health hazard associated with EDC
- Spill control kit to be provided and spill control procedure to be developed
Less bromine received
Leakage during addition
Health hazard associated with bromine
- Spill control kit to be provided and spill control procedure to be developed
Annexure Pest Control India Pvt. Ltd.
More More than 25 deg. c. during addition of bromine solution
Inaccurate temperature indicator
Generation of more vapours of bromine, which may not get absorbed in the scrubber system
- Regular calibration of the temperature indicator to be ensued
Faster addition of bromine solution
Generation of more vapours of bromine, which may not get absorbed in the scrubber system
- Temperature controller to be provided on the bromine solution addition line so that if the temperature goes beyond 25 deg. c., the addition should stop.
Orifice plate (calibrated) to be provided in the bromine solution addition line.
Failure of the addition valve
Provide two valves in the bromine solution addition line
Other than Unsafe operation
Damaged glass lining
Health hazard associated with bromine
- Procedure to be developed for periodic checking of the integrity of the glass lining
Breakage of glass flask
Health and environmental hazards associated with bromine in EDC
- To provide protective paint on the glass flask so as to ensure that splinters of glass flask do not take place in case of breakage of the same.
Glass flask to be provided with wire mesh protection
Ineffective working of the scrubber
Environmental emission of bromine vapors
- Scrubber working to be ensured before starting the batch.
Annexure Pest Control India Pvt. Ltd.
Part of Not pertinent
Reverse Not pertinent
As well as Not pertinent
HAZOP COVERSHEET
STAGE 2 – PREPARATION OF 4 BROMO BIPHENYL ACETOPHENONE
Node No. 03
Design Intention Preparation of 4 bromo biphenyl acetophenone
Steps involved
Receiving 57 lit EDC in reactor
Addition of AlCl3 at 5 C
Add acetyl chloride at 25 C
Prepare solution of HCl by mixing 10 L conc. HCl and ice
Pour the above reaction mass in cold dilute HCl solution prepared
Settle the mass.
After layer separation add petroleum ether gradually to organic layer to form slurry.
Filter the slurry through neutsche filter.
Dry the wet cake in vacuum tray dryer to get dry powder of 4-bromo bi phenyl acetophenone.
P & I D Nil
Equipment MS/GLR – 600 lit, HDPE barrels
SOP No. -
Available controls -
Services Operating Parameters
Temperature Pressure Flow rate/ Quantity
EDC Room temp. Atmosphere 260 lit
Acetyl chloride Room temp. Atmosphere 42 lit
Petroleum ether Room temp. Atmosphere 40 lit
Annexure Pest Control India Pvt. Ltd.
Node No.: 03
Guide Word Deviation Causes Consequences Controls
Existing Additional(Proposed)
No / not Not pertinent
Less Less EDC received
Leakage during addition
Health hazard associated with EDC
- Spill control kit to be provided and spill control procedure to be developed
Less acetyl chloride received
Leakage during addition
Health hazard associated with acetyl chloride
- Spill control kit to be provided and spill control procedure to be developed
More More than 25 deg. c. during addition of acetyl chloride
Inaccurate temperature indicator
Generation of more vapours of acetyl chloride
- Regular calibration of the temperature indicator to be ensued
Faster addition of acetyl chloride solution
Generation of more vapours of acetyl chloride, which may not get react and escape to scrubber
- Temperature controller to be provided on the acetyl chloride addition line so that if the temperature goes beyond 25 deg. c., the addition should stop.
Orifice plate (calibrated) to be provided in the acetyl chloride addition line.
Failure of the addition valve
Provide two valves in the acetyl chloride addition line
Annexure Pest Control India Pvt. Ltd.
Other than Unsafe operation
addition of Pet. ether in a reactor which contains oxygen
possibility of fire -- The reactor is adequately inertised by nitrogen purging to prevent fire and explosion.
(11) – this is not additional control?
Part of Not pertinent
Reverse Not pertinent
As well as Not pertinent
HAZOP COVERSHEET
STAGE 3 – PREPARATION OF CHALCONE
Node No. 04
Design Intention Synthesis of Chalcone
Steps involved
Inertize the reactor with nitrogen.
addition of 399 L methanol by vacuum in SS reactor
At 25 C add 26 kg 4 bromobiphenyl acetophenone
Addition of sodium methoxide at 30 C with stirring
Addition of 14 kg benzaldehyde at 28-32 C
Agitate the reaction mass for 12 hours at 32 C
Filter product (chalcone) on neutsche filter
Wash chalcone with methanol at 10 C and send wet chalcone cake to next stage
Methanol will be sent to recovery
P & I D
Equipment MS/GLR – 600 lit, glass flask,
Annexure Pest Control India Pvt. Ltd.
SOP No.
Available controls None
Services Operating Parameters
Temperature Pressure Flow rate/ Quantity
methanol Room temp. Atmosphere 379 lit
Sodium methoxide 30 Atmosphere 25 kg
benzaldehyde 25 Atmosphere 14 kg
Node No.: 04
Guide Word Deviation Causes Consequences Controls
Existing Additional(Proposed)
No/ Not Not pertinent
Less Not pertinent
More Not pertinent
Other than
unsafe operation
inadequate inertization before addition of methanol
possibility of fire -- The inertization procedure to be defined and validated.
(12)
Generation of static charges during addition of dry 4 bromo biphenyl acetophenone
possibility of fire -- Ensure slow addition of dry powder with the help of an earthed SS scoop.
(13)
Part of Not pertinent
Annexure Pest Control India Pvt. Ltd.
Reverse Not pertinent
As well as Not pertinent
HAZOP COVERSHEET
STAGE 4 – PREPARATION OF BDL KETONE (BROMODIALONE KETONE)
Node No. 05
Design Intention Synthesis of bromodialone ketone
Steps involved
Addition of 260 L 1,4- dioxane in SS reactor at RT
Add 24 kg chalcone cake at RT
Addition of 15 kg 4- hydroxy cumarine
Addition of 1 kg piperidine
Stir the reaction mass at 100 C
Reflux for 12 hours then cool.
At 65 C recover 1,4- dioxane for reuse
add water at 80-85 C for 2 hours
Filter the mass in neutsche to receive solid wet product
ML will be sent to ETP
P & I D
Equipment SS – 600 lit
SOP No. -
Available controls None
Services Operating Parameters
Temperature Pressure Flow rate/ Quantity
Dioxane Room temp. Atmosphere 260 Lt
Chalcone Room temp. Atmosphere 24 kg
4 hydroxy cumarine Room temp. Atmosphere 15 kg
Piperidine Room temp. Atmosphere 1 kg
Annexure Pest Control India Pvt. Ltd.
Node No.: 05
Guide Word Deviation Causes Consequences Controls
Existing Additional(Proposed)
No / not Not pertinent
Less Less EDC received
Leakage during addition
Health hazard associated with EDC
- Spill control kit to be provided and spill control procedure to be developed
More Not pertinent
Other than
unsafe operation
addition of pet. ether in a reactor which contains oxygen
possibility of fire -- the reactor is adequately inertized
Generation of static charges during addition of dry 4 hydroxy cumarine
possibility of fire -- Ensure slow addition of dry powder with the help of an earthed SS scoop
Part of Not pertinent
Reverse Not pertinent
As well as Not pertinent
Annexure Pest Control India Pvt. Ltd.
HAZOP COVERSHEET
STAGE 5 – PREPARATION OF BROMODIOLONE
Node No. 06
Design Intention Synthesis of bromadialone
Steps involved
Addition of 368 L IPA in SS reactor
Addition of 26 L 1,4- dioxane
Addition of 0.6 kg PEG-400
Stir the reaction mass
Addition of 28 kg bromadiolone ketone wet cake with stirring at 30 C
Cool the reaction mass to 16 C and add 1.76 kg sodium borohydride.
Stir the reaction mass for 6 hrs at 25-30 C
Add 150 L HCl at 15 C
Add 190 L water with stirring
At constant 25 C stir the reaction mass for 2 hours then filter by neutsche filter
Wash the cake with 500 L water
Add toluene to wet cake to form slurry
Distil water from slurry
Wash dry cake with Petroleum ether and vacuum dry the final product
P & I D
Equipment SS – 600 lit
SOP No. -
Available controls None
Services Operating Parameters
Temperature Pressure Flow rate/ Quantity
IPA Room temp. Atmosphere 368 Lt
1,4- dioxane Room temp. Atmosphere 26 kg
bromadiolone ketone 30 Atmosphere 28 kg
boro hydride Room temp. Atmosphere 1.76 kg
HCl 15 Atmosphere 150 L
Annexure Pest Control India Pvt. Ltd.
Node No.: 06
Guide Word Deviation Causes Consequences Controls
Existing Additional(Proposed)
No / not Not pertinent
Less Less IPA received
Leakage and spillage during addition
Health hazard associated with IPA
- Spill control kit to be provided and spill control procedure to be developed
More Not pertinent
Other than
unsafe operation
addition of IPA in a reactor which contains oxygen
possibility of fire -- the reactor is adequately inertized
Generation of static charges during addition of dry sodium boro hydride
possibility of fire -- The addition of borohydride should be done through glove box.
(14)
Part of Not pertinent
Reverse Not pertinent
As well as Not pertinent
Annexure Pest Control India Pvt. Ltd.
Annexure A: FLOW-DIAGRAM OF MANUFACTURING PROCESS OF BROMADIOLONE TECHNICAL
Biphenyl
Bromine
Sodium Thiosulphate
FeCl3
Iodine
4-Bromo biphenyl
AlCl3
EDC
4-Bromo-
biphenyl
Acetyl Chloride
Petroleum
Ether
4-Bromo biphenyl
Aceto phenone
4-Bromo biphenyl
Aceto phenone
Benzaldehyde
Methanol
Sodium
Methoxide
Chalcone BDL Ketone
Chalcone
4-hydroxy
coumarine
Acetone
Piperidine
1,4-Dioxan
BDL Ketone Sodium
Borohydride
Bromadiolone
Technical
Filtration & Drying of
Bromadiolone Technical
PEG 400 1,4-Dioxan
Annexure Pest Control India Pvt. Ltd.
ANNEXURE B: STAGE WISE PROCESS DETAILS
Inputs Process steps Critical
Parameters
Output
1)Liquid bromine solution preparation
Reator-RV-04: 600 Litres MS/GL reactor having
mechanical stirring, TP and chilled water condenser.
The vent of condenser is attached to chilled caustic
(10%) scrubber.
57 LITRES
Charge EDC
Cool to below 20 deg. C (If required check
using glass thermometer) – the reactor would have
a thermowell why to use glass thermometer
8.3 LITRES Step for receipt of bromine from bottle to glass pot to be
added
Add
Liquid Bromine through glass pot, under stirring preferably with dip pipe. Time for addition any data on heat of dilution ?
(Approx 127 ltr= 183kgs)
Stir for 1 hrs for good mixing, Unload the material
in close
HDPE barrel
(II) Bromination Reaction
Reactor RV 04 600 Ltrs MS/GL reactor having
mechanical stirring, TP and chilled water condenser.
The vent of condenser is attached to chiled caustic
(10%) scrubber)
57ltrs.
Charge
EDC in the reactor
40 kgs Charge Biphenyl under stirring to get solution.
0.26 Kgs
Charge
FeC13
0.6 Kgs
Charge
Iodine
Cool reaction mass to 20-25 deg. C.
After reaction is over, quench reaction mass to ice
taking in open mouth HDPE drums stir manually with
wooden sticks.
Transfer the reaction mass to Reactor RV-04 through siphon/vaccum.
Allow reaction mass to settle for 1 hr.
100 ltr. Transfer organic mass in reactor RV-04 and stir with
Water
27 ltr.
Add:
10 %sodium thiosulfate solution
Allow reaction mass to settle for 1 hrs
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Separate the organic mass from bottom layer.
Remove aqueous layer in HDPE drum (closed mouth).
EDC Recovery:
Reator-RV-04: 600 Litres MS/GL reactor having Mechanical stirring, TP and chilled water condenser. The Vent of condenser is attached to chilled caustic (10%) scrubber.
OUT PUT 20 KGS APPROX
Stage (2) Process Details
Inputs Process steps Critical
Parameters
Output
Assembly :50 Litres. Glass assembly (GR-3) having
stirring and chilling arrangement.
260
Litres.
Charge
EDC in 50 lit glass assembly how can we receive 250
lits?
2 0 kgs Charge
4-Bromobiphenyl to reactor under stirring at room temperature
(25-35 deg C) and stir further for half an hour
Cool reaction mass to 0-5 deg.C.
42 kgs
Charge
AlCl3 (solid?)at 0-5 deg C under stirring
Observe the exotherm for 10 min and the ice from bath.
Maintain reaction temperature at 25-35 deg. C for 1 hour
24 0 kg
10 Ltr
After reaction completion, Pour reaction mass to crushed
Ice and Conc. HCl kept in HDPE open mouth drum
under agitation with wooden paddle.
Baring total mass to RT and Stir for 1 hr.
Transfer this mass to MSGL(r-04, 600 LTRS).
Heat mass to 40 deg C. With hot water?
Keep reaction mass for layer separation for 1 hr.
Separate the EDC layer.
300
Ltrs
Give
water washing EDC layer
Charge EDC layer to reactor and distil out
EDC under atmospheric pressure.
40 ltrs
Charge by pump
Petroleum ether and stir to make a good slurry.
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Filter the slurry product in neutsche filter to get off-white
powder.
40 ltrs
Charge
Petroleum ether to reactor and charge material back to reactor to make a good re-slurry and stir for 1 hr.
FILTER =DRY CAKE =20 KGS APPROX
Stage (3) Process details Inputs Process Steps Critical
Parameters
output
Assembly:100 Litres SS reactor having stirring
and cooling water arrangement with Nitrogen
atmosphere.
399 Ltrs Charge
Methanol
20 kg Charge
Bromobiphneyl acetophenone.
25 kgs Charge
Sodium methoxide solution.
Start agitation at 30 deg C.
14 kgs Add
Benzaldehyde from addition funnel over the period of 2 hrs at 28-32 deg C.
Maintain reaction under agitation at 28-32 deg C
12 hrs.
If reaction is OK,
Cool reaction mass to 10-12 deg C.
Filter the mass in filtration
neutsche. Collect ML.
110 Ltrs
Wash the cake with
Chilled methanol of 10-2 deg C. Collect washing.
Take the Methanol wash for Methanol
recovery. Recovered methanol may be
recycled.
Filter through centrifuge =24 kg
Stage (4) Process details
Inputs Process Steps Critical
Parameter
s
Output
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Assembly: 100 Litres SS reactor having stirring
and cooling water arrangement.
260Ltrs
Charge
Dioxane
Start agitation.
24 kgs
Charge
Chalcone at RT.
15 kg Charge
4-Hydroxy Coumarine at RT
1. kg Charge Piperidine
Heat reaction mass to get reflux(99-100 deg C).
Reflux reaction mass for 12 hrs.
If reaction has completed, Distil out Dioxane (about
85% of input qty) under vacuum below 65 deg C.
300 Ltrs Charge
Water at 80-85 deg C over a period of 2hrs.
Maintain reaction at 80-85 deg C for 2 hrs.
Cool reaction mass to 70 deg C.
Filter the product while hot to get light yellow
colour powder. ML to be discarded.
Wash the product with
Hot water of 70 deg C., water washing to be
discarded.
Suck dry the cake.=28 kgs
Stage (5) Process details
Inputs Process Steps Critical
Parameter
rs
Output
Assembly water: 600 Litres MSGL reactor having
stirring cooling water arrangement.
368 ltrs Charge
IPA
26 ltrs Charge
1,4-Dioxane
0.6 ltrs Charge
PEG-400
Start Stirring.
28 kgs Charge
BDL-Ketone unde agitation.
Stir for 30 min at RT
Cool reaction mass to15 deg C.
1.76 kgsx2 Add
Sodium borohydrid in two lots at 15 degC in 30 minutes
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After addition of Sodium borohydride second lot,
allow temperature to go to 25-30 deg C.
Stir at 25-30 deg C 6hrs.
Monitor the reaction completion by IIPLC.
Unreacted BDL-Ketone should be less than
0.1%.
.
If reaction has gone for completion, cool to 15-20
degC.
150 Ltrs
190 Ltrs
add mixture of
Conc. HCI and
Water, through addition pot at 15-20 deg C.
Stir at 25 deg C for 2 hrs.
Filter the product through
neutsche filter. (Preserve
washing fo IPA recovery)
500 ltrs Give washing with
Water6 lots at RT till cake is free from Chloride. (Check with silver nitrate solution. Procedure: Take 1 gms cake in DW=5ML and mix thoroughly and filter. Take filtrate for testing)
Suck dry the cake
Wet weight=6.95kgs.
20ltrs Re slurry the cake by charging
Toluene in reactor.
Distil out water azeotropically by distillation under
vacuum by keeping reaction mass temperature max of
60-65 deg C
Cool reaction mass to 15 deg C.
Filter the product.
Suck dry the cake.
100 ltrs Give washing with chilled
Petroleum ether of 15 deg C.
Suck dry the cake. Wet
weight=7.8kgs.
Dry the cake =20 kgs
Annexure Pest Control India Pvt. Ltd.
ANNEXURE C: LIST OF RAW MATERIALS WITH QUANTITY
Raw Material Total quantity,
kg/month
1 Acetone 1157
2 Acetyl Chloride 285
3 Acetic Acid 97
4 Aluminuim Chloride 399
5 Benzaldehyde 86.8
6 Toulene 1147.26
7 Bromine 112
8 Biphenyl 380
9 1,4- Dioxane 3395
10 Ethylene di Chloride 4587.6
11 Ferric Chloride 2.5
12 4-Hydroxy Coumarine 191.4
13 Hydrochloric Acid 30% 2640.7
14 Iodine 8.89
15 Iso propyl Alchohol 5547.2
16 Methanol 5339
17 Petroleum Ether 1428
18 Peperidine 13.3
19 Peg 400 7.6
20 Sodium Thiosulphate 25.28
21 Sodium Methoxide 30% 302
22 Sodium Borohydride 81.9
TOTAL 27234.43
Annexure Pest Control India Pvt. Ltd.
ANNEXURE D: MSDS OF RAW MATERIALS
Soft copies of MSDS are attached with the document
Annexure Pest Control India Pvt. Ltd.
ANNEXURE E: ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ON HAZOP STUDY
1. WHAT IS „HAZOP‟ ?
“HAZOP” ( Hazard and Operability ) study of an operation is defined as follows
“The application of a formal, systematic, critical examination to the process of
engineering intentions of a facility to assess the hazard potential of mal-operation or
malfunctioning of individual items of equipment and the consequential effects on the
facility as a whole.”
Incidentally, a “HAZARD” is defined as :-
It is a physical situation with a potential for -
Human injury
Property damage
Damage to environment
Lessening the ability to perform a prescribed function.
2 THE METHODOLOGY
HAZOP study is a procedure used to review the design and operations of a
hazardous process facility. It is used to identify all possible cases of deviation from
normal safe operation that could lead to any hazard/ environmental risk / operability
problems etc. Some of the causes may be unrealistic and so the desired
consequences will be rejected as not meaningful. Some of the consequences may
be trivial and would be considered no further. However, There may be some
deviations with both causes that are conceivable and consequences that are
potentially hazardous. These potential hazards are then noted for
recommendations/actions.
Having examined a part of the design materials of construction, safety arrangements
and recorded potential hazards associated with it the team attempts to find out the
suitable modifications , improvements, measures, etc. which may be adopted to
prevent deviations from the processes and engineering intentions and consequent
hazard and operability problems. After finalising the recommendations, the study
progresses to focus on the next part of the design. The examination is repeated until
the whole plant has been studied. HAZOP is a systematic and highly structured
Annexure Pest Control India Pvt. Ltd.
study with a critical approach to examine the process and engineering intentions of
the process design. The most important of these terms are:
TERM MEANING
Intention The intention defines how the selected section/unit is expected to operate.
Deviation These are departures from the intention which are discovered by
systematically applying the guide words.
Causes These are the reasons why deviations might occur. Once a deviation has
been shown top have a conceivable or realistic cause, it can be treated as
meaningful.
Consequences They are the results of deviations should they occur
Hazards The consequences, which can cause damage, injury or loss.
Guide words These are simple words, which are used to qualify the intentions in order
to guide and stimulate the thinking process and so discover deviations. A
list of guide words along with the likely causes is given in Table 1.
3 THE AIMS
The primary aims of HAZOP are:
To identify the cause of all deviations of changes from the design intent.
To determine all major hazard and operability problems associated with these
deviations.
To decide whether action is required to control the hazard or operability problem.
To ensure that the actions decided upon are implemented and documented.
4 THE PROCEDURE ADOPTED
The complete process studied is divided into discrete nodes. For each node, every
parameter or guideword deviation is considered; for each deviation, causes are
identified; and for each cause, consequences are identified. After considering
proposed protection for each consequence, recommendations for actions are made,
if the remaining level of risk is considered
unacceptable.
5 THE STEPS USED
The sequence of steps used to conduct the HAZOP are as follows:
Annexure Pest Control India Pvt. Ltd.
Select and confirm the scope of node.
Explain the general design intentions and operating conditions of the node.
Specify the node’s process parameters.
Select a process parameter ( Flow, Pressure etc.) and specify the design intention
relating to this parameter.
Apply a deviation ( more, less etc. ) to the parameter and develop meaningful
causes, hazards of the deviation from the intention.
Identify all scenarios, causes/hazards of the deviation from the intention.
Identify all major consequences associated with each cause without regards to
safeguards.
Specify predominant safeguard against each consequence.
Make recommendations to mitigate the consequences if the severity is
unacceptable.
Reiterate the above steps for other guidewords.
Reiterate the above steps for all other nodes in review.
The team should document all recommendations submitted during the study.
When a study team decided that major redesign of a plant/section is necessary, it records
the parameters for the redesigning and a HAZOP review is required, when the redesign is
complete.
When the information data base contains a questionable fact, it is best to assume that it is
correct and not that appropriate action with a rider to the effect that the data should be
verified first.
If the leader or any team member believes that a particular system of P & I diagram should
not be studied by the team either because it is identical to the system already studied or
because it involves no additional hazards, this must be agreed upon by the team and the
reasons recorded in the report.
Annexure Pest Control India Pvt. Ltd.
TABLE:1
GUIDE WORD
CAUSE
No flow Wrong routing - blockage - incorrectly fitted check valve - burst
pipe - large leak - equipment failure ( isolation valve, pump vessel, etc. ) - incorrect pressure differential - isolation in error etc.
Reverse Flow Defective check valve - siphon effect - incorrect pressure
differential - two way flow - emergency venting - incorrect operation - in line spare equipment etc.
More flow Increased pumping capacity - increased suction pressure -
reduced delivery head - greater fluid density - exchanger tube leaks - restriction orifice plates deleted - cress connection of systems - control faults - control valve trim changed - running two pumps - etc.
Less flow Line restrictions - filter blockage - defective pumps - fouling of
vessels, valves, orifice plates - density or viscosity changes - etc
More level Outlet isolated or blocked - inflow greater than outflow - control failure - faulty level measurement - gravity liquid balancing etc.
Less level Inlet flow stops - leak - outflow greater than inflow - control
failure - faulty level measurement - draining of vessel etc
More Pressure
Surge problems - connection to high pressure system - gas breakthrough (inadequate venting ) - defective isolation procedures for relief valves - thermal overpressure - positive displacement pumps - failed open PCV’s design pressures, specifications of pipes, vessels, fittings, instruments etc.
GUIDE WORD
CAUSE
Less pressure Generation of vacuum condition - condensation - gas dissolving in
liquid - restricted pump compressor suction line -undetected leakage - vessel drainage - blockage of blanket gas reducing valve etc.
More temperature Ambient conditions - fouled or failed exchanger tubes - fire situation -
cooling water failure - defective control - heater control failure - internal fire - reaction control failures - heating medium leak into process etc.
Less temperature Ambient conditions - reducing pressure - fouled or failed exchanger
tubes - loss of heating - depressurization of liquefied gas - Joule/Thompson effect - etc.
More viscosity Incorrect material or composition - incorrect temperature - high solids’
concentration - settling of slurries - etc.
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Composition change
Leaking isolation valves - leaking exchanger tubes - phase change - incorrect feed stock/specification - inadequate quality control - process control upset - reaction intermediates/by-products - settling of slurries etc.
Contamination Leaking exchanger tubes - Leaking isolation valves - incorrect
operation of system – interconnected systems (especially services, blanket systems) - effect of corrosion - wrong additives - ingress of air - shutdown and start up conditions - grade change - etc.
Relief Relief philosophy (process fire etc.) - type of relief device and reliability
- relief valve discharge location - pollution implications - two phase flow - effect of de-bottlenecking on relief capacity - inlet and outlet piping etc.
GUIDE WORD
CAUSE
Instrumentation Control philosophy - location of instruments - response time - setpoint
of alarms and trips and ability to change - time available for operator intervention - alarm and trip testing - fire protection - top control amplifiers - panel arrangement and location - auto/manual facility and human error - fail safe philosophy etc.
Sampling Sampling procedure and operator safety - time for analysis result -
calibration of automatic samplers - reliability/accuracy of representative sample - diagnosis of result - loss of sample flow etc.
Corrosion/erosion Cathodic protection arrangements - internal/external corrosion
protection - engineering specifications - Zinc embrittlement - stress corrosion cracking - fluid velocities - etc.
Service Failure of instrument air /steam /nitrogen /cooling water /hydraulic
power water or other - contamination of instrument air, nitrogen etc. - telecommunications - heating and ventilation system - computers etc.
Abnormal operation
Purging – flushing - start-up - normal shutdown – emergency shutdown - emergency operations - inspection of operating machines - of machinery etc
Maintenance Isolation philosophy - drainage - purging - cleaning – drying - slip
plates - access - rescue plan – training - pressure testing - work permit system - condition monitoring - lifting & manual landing - etc.
GUIDE WORD
CAUSE
Ignitions Grounding arrangements - insulated vessels/equipment - low
conductance fluids - splash filling of vessels - insulated strainers and valve components - dust generation – powder handling equipment - electrical classification - flame arrestors - hot work - hot surface - auto
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ignition - pyrophoric material etc.
Safety Toxic properties of process materials - fire and gas detection system/alarms - emergency shutdown arrangement - fire fighting response time - emergency shutdown arrangement - emergency and major emergency training - contingency plans - TLV’s of process material and methods of detection - noise - knowledge of hazards of process materials - first aid/ medical resources - effluent disposal hazards created by others (adjacent storage areas/ process plant etc. ) - testing of emergency equipments - compliance with local /national regulations etc.
Annexure Pest Control India Pvt. Ltd.
Annexure : 7.1
The basic data used for running ALOHA
SITE DATA:
Location: PEST CONTROL INDIA PVT. LTD., INDIA
Building Air Exchanges Per Hour: 0.40 (unsheltered double storied)
Time: March 30, 2017 1506 hours ST (using computer's clock)
ATMOSPHERIC DATA: (MANUAL INPUT OF DATA)
Wind: 3.02 meters/second from NW at 10 meters
Ground Roughness: urban or forest Cloud Cover: 3 tenths
Air Temperature: 27° C
Stability Class: F (user override)
No Inversion Height Relative Humidity: 60%
1) CHEMICAL DATA FOR METHANOL:
Chemical Name: METHANOL Molecular Weight: 32.04 g/mol
AEGL-1 (60 min): 530 ppm AEGL-2 (60 min): 2100 ppm AEGL-3 (60 min): 7200 ppm
IDLH: 6000 ppm LEL: 71800 ppm UEL: 365000 ppm
Ambient Boiling Point: 64.7° C
Vapor Pressure at Ambient Temperature: 0.18 atm
Ambient Saturation Concentration: 184,410 ppm or 18.4%
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The ALOHA Footprints (Methanol)
I) Methanol
Source :-Puddle
Scenario :- Evaporating Puddle of Flammable Chemical
1. Toxic area of vapour cloud
SOURCE STRENGTH:
Evaporating Puddle (Note: chemical is flammable)
Puddle Area: 2.25 square meters Puddle Volume: 2.25 cubic meters
Ground Type: Concrete Ground Temperature: 27° C
Initial Puddle Temperature: 27° C
Release Duration: ALOHA limited the duration to 1 hour
Max Average Sustained Release Rate: 247 grams/min
(averaged over a minute or more)
Total Amount Released: 14.2 kilograms
THREAT ZONE:
Model Run: Gaussian
Red : less than 10 meters(10.9 yards) --- (7200 ppm = AEGL-3 [60 min])
Note: Threat zone was not drawn because effects of near-field patchiness
make dispersion predictions less reliable for short distances.
Orange: less than 10 meters(10.9 yards) --- (2100 ppm = AEGL-2 [60 min])
Note: Threat zone was not drawn because effects of near-field patchiness
make dispersion predictions less reliable for short distances.
Yellow: 18 meters --- (530 ppm = AEGL-1 [60 min])
Note: Threat zone was not drawn because effects of near-field patchiness
make dispersion predictions less reliable for short distances.
Model Run: Gaussian
Red : less than 10 meters(10.9 yards) --- (7200 ppm = AEGL-3 [60 min])
Note: Threat zone was not drawn because effects of near-field patchiness
make dispersion predictions less reliable for short distances.
Orange: less than 10 meters(10.9 yards) --- (2100 ppm = AEGL-2 [60 min])
Note: Threat zone was not drawn because effects of near-field patchiness
make dispersion predictions less reliable for short distances.
Yellow: 18 meters --- (530 ppm = AEGL-1 [60 min])
Note: Threat zone was not drawn because effects of near-field patchiness
make dispersion predictions less reliable for short distances.
Annexure Pest Control India Pvt. Ltd.
I) Methanol
Source :-Puddle
Scenario :- Evaporating Puddle of Flammable Chemical
2. Flammable area of vapour cloud
SOURCE STRENGTH:
Evaporating Puddle (Note: chemical is flammable)
Puddle Area: 2.25 square meters Puddle Volume: 2.25 cubic meters
Ground Type: Concrete Ground Temperature: 27° C
Initial Puddle Temperature: 27° C
Release Duration: ALOHA limited the duration to 1 hour
Max Average Sustained Release Rate: 247 grams/min
(averaged over a minute or more)
Total Amount Released: 14.2 kilograms
THREAT ZONE:
Threat Modeled: Flammable Area of Vapor Cloud
Model Run: Gaussian
Red : less than 10 meters(10.9 yards) --- (43080 ppm = 60% LEL = Flame Pockets)
Note: Threat zone was not drawn because effects of near-field patchiness
make dispersion predictions less reliable for short distances.
Yellow: less than 10 meters(10.9 yards) --- (7180 ppm = 10% LEL)
Note: Threat zone was not drawn because effects of near-field patchiness
make dispersion predictions less reliable for short distances.
Threat Modeled: Flammable Area of Vapor Cloud
Model Run: Gaussian
Red : less than 10 meters(10.9 yards) --- (43080 ppm = 60% LEL = Flame Pockets)
Note: Threat zone was not drawn because effects of near-field patchiness
make dispersion predictions less reliable for short distances.
Yellow: less than 10 meters(10.9 yards) --- (7180 ppm = 10% LEL)
Note: Threat zone was not drawn because effects of near-field patchiness
make dispersion predictions less reliable for short distances.
Annexure Pest Control India Pvt. Ltd.
I) Methanol
Source :-Puddle
Scenario :- Evaporating Puddle of Flammable Chemical
3. Blast area of vapour cloud
SOURCE STRENGTH:
Evaporating Puddle (Note: chemical is flammable)
Puddle Area: 2.25 square meters Puddle Volume: 2.25 cubic meters
Ground Type: Concrete Ground Temperature: 27° C
Initial Puddle Temperature: 27° C
Release Duration: ALOHA limited the duration to 1 hour
Max Average Sustained Release Rate: 247 grams/min
(averaged over a minute or more)
Total Amount Released: 14.2 kilograms
THREAT ZONE:
Threat Modeled: Overpressure (blast force) from vapor cloud explosion
Type of Ignition: ignited by spark or flame
Level of Congestion: uncongested
Model Run: Gaussian
No explosion: no part of the cloud is above the LEL at any time
Threat Modeled: Overpressure (blast force) from vapor cloud explosion
Type of Ignition: ignited by spark or flame
Level of Congestion: uncongested
Model Run: Gaussian
No explosion: no part of the cloud is above the LEL at any time
Annexure Pest Control India Pvt. Ltd.
I) Methanol
Source :-Puddle
Scenario :- Burning puddle of flammable chemical
Thermal radiation from pool fire
SOURCE STRENGTH:
Burning Puddle / Pool Fire
Puddle Area: 2.25 square meters Puddle Volume: 2.25 cubic meters
Initial Puddle Temperature: 27° C
Flame Length: 2 meters
Burn Duration: ALOHA limited the duration to 1 hour
Burn Rate: 2.25 kilograms/min
Total Amount Burned: 135 kilograms
THREAT ZONE:
Threat Modeled: Thermal radiation from pool fire
Red : less than 10 meters(10.9 yards) --- (10.0 kW/(sq m) = potentially lethal within 60 sec)
Orange: less than 10 meters(10.9 yards) --- (5.0 kW/(sq m) = 2nd degree burns within 60 sec)
Yellow: less than 10 meters(10.9 yards) --- (2.0 kW/(sq m) = pain within 60 sec)
Threat Modeled: Thermal radiation from pool fire
Red : less than 10 meters(10.9 yards) --- (10.0 kW/(sq m) = potentially lethal within 60 sec)
Orange: less than 10 meters(10.9 yards) --- (5.0 kW/(sq m) = 2nd degree burns within 60 sec)
Yellow: less than 10 meters(10.9 yards) --- (2.0 kW/(sq m) = pain within 60 sec)
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2) CHEMICAL DATA FOR ISOPROPANOL:
CHEMICAL DATA:
Chemical Name: ISOPROPANOL Molecular Weight: 60.10 g/mol
PAC-1: 400 ppm PAC-2: 400 ppm PAC-3: 12000 ppm
IDLH: 2000 ppm LEL: 20000 ppm UEL: 127000 ppm
Ambient Boiling Point: 82.1° C
Vapor Pressure at Ambient Temperature: 0.065 atm
Ambient Saturation Concentration: 64,888 ppm or 6.49%
The ALOHA Footprints (Iso Propyl Alcohol)
The ALOHA Footprints
II) Iso Propyl Alcohol
Source :-Puddle
Scenario :- Evaporating Puddle of Flammable Chemical
Toxic Area of Vapor Cloud
SOURCE STRENGTH:
Evaporating Puddle (Note: chemical is flammable)
Puddle Area: 2.25 square meters Puddle Volume: 2.25 cubic meters
Ground Type: Concrete Ground Temperature: 27° C
Initial Puddle Temperature: 27° C
Release Duration: ALOHA limited the duration to 1 hour
Max Average Sustained Release Rate: 140 grams/min
(averaged over a minute or more)
Total Amount Released: 8.38 kilograms
THREAT ZONE:
Model Run: Gaussian
Red : less than 10 meters(10.9 yards) --- (12000 ppm = PAC-3)
Note: Threat zone was not drawn because effects of near-field patchiness
make dispersion predictions less reliable for short distances.
Orange: less than 10 meters(10.9 yards) --- (400 ppm = PAC-2)
Note: Threat zone was not drawn because effects of near-field patchiness
make dispersion predictions less reliable for short distances.
Yellow: less than 10 meters(10.9 yards) --- (400 ppm = PAC-1)
Note: Threat zone was not drawn because effects of near-field patchiness
make dispersion predictions less reliable for short distances.
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Model Run: Gaussian
Red : less than 10 meters(10.9 yards) --- (12000 ppm = PAC-3)
Note: Threat zone was not drawn because effects of near-field patchiness
make dispersion predictions less reliable for short distances.
Orange: less than 10 meters(10.9 yards) --- (400 ppm = PAC-2)
Note: Threat zone was not drawn because effects of near-field patchiness
make dispersion predictions less reliable for short distances.
Yellow: less than 10 meters(10.9 yards) --- (400 ppm = PAC-1)
Note: Threat zone was not drawn because effects of near-field patchiness
make dispersion predictions less reliable for short distances.
Annexure Pest Control India Pvt. Ltd.
II) Iso Propyl Alcohol
Source :-Puddle
Scenario :- Evaporating Puddle of Flammable Chemical
Flammable Area of Vapor Cloud
SOURCE STRENGTH:
Evaporating Puddle (Note: chemical is flammable)
Puddle Area: 2.25 square meters Puddle Volume: 2.25 cubic meters
Ground Type: Concrete Ground Temperature: 27° C
Initial Puddle Temperature: 27° C
Release Duration: ALOHA limited the duration to 1 hour
Max Average Sustained Release Rate: 140 grams/min
(averaged over a minute or more)
Total Amount Released: 8.38 kilograms
THREAT ZONE:
Threat Modeled: Flammable Area of Vapor Cloud
Model Run: Gaussian
Red : less than 10 meters(10.9 yards) --- (12000 ppm = 60% LEL = Flame Pockets)
Note: Threat zone was not drawn because effects of near-field patchiness
make dispersion predictions less reliable for short distances.
Yellow: less than 10 meters(10.9 yards) --- (2000 ppm = 10% LEL)
Note: Threat zone was not drawn because effects of near-field patchiness
make dispersion predictions less reliable for short distances.
Threat Modeled: Flammable Area of Vapor Cloud
Model Run: Gaussian
Red : less than 10 meters(10.9 yards) --- (12000 ppm = 60% LEL = Flame Pockets)
Note: Threat zone was not drawn because effects of near-field patchiness
make dispersion predictions less reliable for short distances.
Yellow: less than 10 meters(10.9 yards) --- (2000 ppm = 10% LEL)
Note: Threat zone was not drawn because effects of near-field patchiness
make dispersion predictions less reliable for short distances.
Annexure Pest Control India Pvt. Ltd.
II) Iso Propyl Alcohol
Source :-Puddle
Scenario :- Evaporating Puddle of Flammable Chemical
Blast Area of Vapor Cloud Explosion
SOURCE STRENGTH:
Evaporating Puddle (Note: chemical is flammable)
Puddle Area: 2.25 square meters Puddle Volume: 2.25 cubic meters
Ground Type: Concrete Ground Temperature: 27° C
Initial Puddle Temperature: 27° C
Release Duration: ALOHA limited the duration to 1 hour
Max Average Sustained Release Rate: 140 grams/min
(averaged over a minute or more)
Total Amount Released: 8.38 kilograms
THREAT ZONE:
Threat Modeled: Overpressure (blast force) from vapor cloud explosion
Type of Ignition: ignited by spark or flame
Level of Congestion: uncongested
Model Run: Gaussian
No explosion: no part of the cloud is above the LEL at any time
Threat Modeled: Overpressure (blast force) from vapor cloud explosion
Type of Ignition: ignited by spark or flame
Level of Congestion: uncongested
Model Run: Gaussian
No explosion: no part of the cloud is above the LEL at any time
Annexure Pest Control India Pvt. Ltd.
II) Iso Propyl Alcohol
Source :-Puddle
Scenario :- Burning Puddle of Flammable Chemical
Thermal radiation from pool fire
SOURCE STRENGTH:
Burning Puddle / Pool Fire
Puddle Area: 2.25 square meters Puddle Volume: 2.25 cubic meters
Initial Puddle Temperature: 27° C
Flame Length: 3 meters
Burn Duration: ALOHA limited the duration to 1 hour
Burn Rate: 5.03 kilograms/min
Total Amount Burned: 302 kilograms
THREAT ZONE:
Threat Modeled: Thermal radiation from pool fire
Red : less than 10 meters(10.9 yards) --- (10.0 kW/(sq m) = potentially lethal within 60 sec)
Orange: less than 10 meters(10.9 yards) --- (5.0 kW/(sq m) = 2nd degree burns within 60 sec)
Yellow: less than 10 meters(10.9 yards) --- (2.0 kW/(sq m) = pain within 60 sec)
Threat Modeled: Thermal radiation from pool fire
Red : less than 10 meters(10.9 yards) --- (10.0 kW/(sq m) = potentially lethal within 60 sec)
Orange: less than 10 meters(10.9 yards) --- (5.0 kW/(sq m) = 2nd degree burns within 60 sec)
Yellow: less than 10 meters(10.9 yards) --- (2.0 kW/(sq m) = pain within 60 sec)
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3) CHEMICAL DATA FOR ACETONE:
CHEMICAL DATA:
Chemical Name: ACETONE Molecular Weight: 58.08 g/mol
AEGL-1 (60 min): 200 ppm AEGL-2 (60 min): 3200 ppm AEGL-3 (60 min): 5700 ppm
LEL: 26000 ppm UEL: 130000 ppm
Ambient Boiling Point: 56.3° C
Vapor Pressure at Ambient Temperature: 0.33 atm
Ambient Saturation Concentration: 330,741 ppm or 33.1%
The ALOHA Footprints (Acetone)
III) Acetone
Source :-Direct
Scenario :- Spill of entire chemical present in single drum
1. Heavy Gas
SOURCE STRENGTH:
Direct Source: 200 kilograms Source Height: 0
Release Duration: 1 minute
Release Rate: 3.33 kilograms/sec
Total Amount Released: 200 kilograms
THREAT ZONE:
Model Run: Heavy Gas
Red : 94 meters --- (5700 ppm = AEGL-3 [60 min])
Orange: 132 meters --- (3200 ppm = AEGL-2 [60 min])
Yellow: 544 meters --- (200 ppm = AEGL-1 [60 min])
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200 0 200 400 600 800 400
200
0
200
400
meters
meters
greater than 5700 ppm (AEGL-3 [60 min])
greater than 3200 ppm (AEGL-2 [60 min])
greater than 200 ppm (AEGL-1 [60 min])
wind direction confidence lines
wind
Annexure Pest Control India Pvt. Ltd.
III) Acetone
Source :-Direct
Scenario :- Spill of entire chemical present in single drum
2. Flammable Area of Vapor Cloud
SOURCE STRENGTH:
Direct Source: 200 kilograms Source Height: 0
Release Duration: 1 minute
Release Rate: 3.33 kilograms/sec
Total Amount Released: 200 kilograms
THREAT ZONE:
Threat Modeled: Flammable Area of Vapor Cloud
Model Run: Heavy Gas
Red : 52 meters --- (15600 ppm = 60% LEL = Flame Pockets)
Yellow: 148 meters --- (2600 ppm = 10% LEL)
100 0 100 200 300 150
50
0
50
150
meters
meters
greater than 15600 ppm (60% LEL = Flame Pockets)
greater than 2600 ppm (10% LEL)
wind direction confidence lines
wind
Annexure Pest Control India Pvt. Ltd.
III) Acetone
Source :-Direct
Scenario :- Spill of entire chemical present in single drum
3. Overpressure (blast force) from vapor cloud explosion
SOURCE STRENGTH:
Direct Source: 200 kilograms Source Height: 0
Release Duration: 1 minute
Release Rate: 3.33 kilograms/sec
Total Amount Released: 200 kilograms
THREAT ZONE:
Threat Modeled: Overpressure (blast force) from vapor cloud explosion
Type of Ignition: ignited by spark or flame
Level of Congestion: uncongested
Model Run: Heavy Gas
Red : LOC was never exceeded --- (8.0 psi = destruction of buildings)
Orange: LOC was never exceeded --- (3.5 psi = serious injury likely)
Yellow: LOC was never exceeded --- (1.0 psi = shatters glass)
Threat Modeled: Overpressure (blast force) from vapor cloud explosion
Type of Ignition: ignited by spark or flame
Level of Congestion: uncongested
Model Run: Heavy Gas
Red : LOC was never exceeded --- (8.0 psi = destruction of buildings)
Orange: LOC was never exceeded --- (3.5 psi = serious injury likely)
Yellow: LOC was never exceeded --- (1.0 psi = shatters glass)
Annexure Pest Control India Pvt. Ltd.
4) CHEMICAL DATA FOR ACETYL CHLORIDE:
CHEMICAL DATA:
Chemical Name: ACETYL CHLORIDE Molecular Weight: 78.50 g/mol
PAC-1: 0.85 ppm PAC-2: 9.4 ppm PAC-3: 56 ppm
LEL: 73000 ppm UEL: 190000 ppm
Ambient Boiling Point: 50.7° C
Vapor Pressure at Ambient Temperature: 0.41 atm
Ambient Saturation Concentration: 410,783 ppm or 41.1%
IV) Acetyl Chlorinde
Source :-Direct
Scenario :- Spill of entire chemical present in single carboy
1. Heavy Gas
SOURCE STRENGTH:
Direct Source: 30 liters Source Height: 0
Source State: Liquid
Source Temperature: 27° C
Release Duration: 1 minute
Release Rate: 549 grams/sec
Total Amount Released: 32.9 kilograms
THREAT ZONE:
Model Run: Heavy Gas
Red : 434 meters --- (56 ppm = PAC-3)
Orange: 1.0 kilometers --- (9.4 ppm = PAC-2)
Yellow: 2.9 kilometers --- (0.85 ppm = PAC-1)
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0 1 2 3 4 5 2
1
0
1
2
kilometers
kilometers
greater than 56 ppm (PAC-3)
greater than 9.4 ppm (PAC-2)
greater than 0.85 ppm (PAC-1)
wind direction confidence lines
wind
Annexure Pest Control India Pvt. Ltd.
IV) Acetyl Chlorinde
Source :-Direct
Scenario :- Spill of entire chemical present in single carboy
2. Flammable Area of Vapor Cloud
SOURCE STRENGTH:
Direct Source: 30 liters Source Height: 0
Source State: Liquid
Source Temperature: 27° C
Release Duration: 1 minute
Release Rate: 549 grams/sec
Total Amount Released: 32.9 kilograms
THREAT ZONE:
Threat Modeled: Flammable Area of Vapor Cloud
Model Run: Heavy Gas
Red : 11 meters --- (43800 ppm = 60% LEL = Flame Pockets)
Note: Threat zone was not drawn because effects of near-field patchiness
make dispersion predictions less reliable for short distances.
Yellow: 28 meters --- (7300 ppm = 10% LEL)
Note: Threat zone was not drawn because effects of near-field patchiness
make dispersion predictions less reliable for short distances.
Threat Modeled: Flammable Area of Vapor Cloud
Model Run: Heavy Gas
Red : 11 meters --- (43800 ppm = 60% LEL = Flame Pockets)
Note: Threat zone was not drawn because effects of near-field patchiness
make dispersion predictions less reliable for short distances.
Yellow: 28 meters --- (7300 ppm = 10% LEL)
Note: Threat zone was not drawn because effects of near-field patchiness
make dispersion predictions less reliable for short distances.
Annexure Pest Control India Pvt. Ltd.
IV) Acetyl Chlorinde
Source :-Direct
Scenario :- Spill of entire chemical present in single carboy
3. Overpressure from vapor cloud explosion
SOURCE STRENGTH:
Direct Source: 30 liters Source Height: 0
Source State: Liquid
Source Temperature: 27° C
Release Duration: 1 minute
Release Rate: 549 grams/sec
Total Amount Released: 32.9 kilograms
THREAT ZONE:
Threat Modeled: Overpressure (blast force) from vapor cloud explosion
Type of Ignition: ignited by spark or flame
Level of Congestion: uncongested
Model Run: Heavy Gas
Red : LOC was never exceeded --- (8.0 psi = destruction of buildings)
Orange: LOC was never exceeded --- (3.5 psi = serious injury likely)
Yellow: LOC was never exceeded --- (1.0 psi = shatters glass)
Threat Modeled: Overpressure (blast force) from vapor cloud explosion
Type of Ignition: ignited by spark or flame
Level of Congestion: uncongested
Model Run: Heavy Gas
Red : LOC was never exceeded --- (8.0 psi = destruction of buildings)
Orange: LOC was never exceeded --- (3.5 psi = serious injury likely)
Yellow: LOC was never exceeded --- (1.0 psi = shatters glass)
Annexure Pest Control India Pvt. Ltd.
5) CHEMICAL DATA FOR ACETIC ACID:
CHEMICAL DATA:
Chemical Name: ACETIC ACID, GLACIAL Molecular Weight: 60.05 g/mol
ERPG-1: 5 ppm ERPG-2: 35 ppm ERPG-3: 250 ppm
IDLH: 50 ppm LEL: 40000 ppm UEL: 199000 ppm
Ambient Boiling Point: 117.9° C
Vapor Pressure at Ambient Temperature: 0.023 atm
Ambient Saturation Concentration: 22,980 ppm or 2.30%
V) Acetic Acid
Source :- Direct
Scenario :- Spill of entire chemical present in single carboy
1. Heavy Gas
SOURCE STRENGTH:
Direct Source: 30 liters Source Height: 0
Source State: Liquid
Source Temperature: 27° C
Release Duration: 1 minute
Release Rate: 520 grams/sec
Total Amount Released: 31.2 kilograms
THREAT ZONE:
Model Run: Heavy Gas
Red : 230 meters --- (250 ppm = ERPG-3)
Orange: 640 meters --- (35 ppm = ERPG-2)
Yellow: 1.6 kilometers --- (5 ppm = ERPG-1)
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0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 1
0.5
0
0.5
1
kilometers
kilometers
greater than 250 ppm (ERPG-3)
greater than 35 ppm (ERPG-2)
greater than 5 ppm (ERPG-1)
wind direction confidence lines
wind
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V) Acetic Acid
Source :- Direct
Scenario :- Spill of entire chemical present in single carboy
2. Flammable Area of Vapor Cloud
SOURCE STRENGTH:
Direct Source: 30 liters Source Height: 0
Source State: Liquid
Source Temperature: 27° C
Release Duration: 1 minute
Release Rate: 520 grams/sec
Total Amount Released: 31.2 kilograms
THREAT ZONE:
Threat Modeled: Flammable Area of Vapor Cloud
Model Run: Heavy Gas
Red : 15 meters --- (24000 ppm = 60% LEL = Flame Pockets)
Note: Threat zone was not drawn because effects of near-field patchiness
make dispersion predictions less reliable for short distances.
Yellow: 45 meters --- (4000 ppm = 10% LEL)
Note: Threat zone was not drawn because effects of near-field patchiness
make dispersion predictions less reliable for short distances.
Threat Modeled: Flammable Area of Vapor Cloud
Model Run: Heavy Gas
Red : 15 meters --- (24000 ppm = 60% LEL = Flame Pockets)
Note: Threat zone was not drawn because effects of near-field patchiness
make dispersion predictions less reliable for short distances.
Yellow: 45 meters --- (4000 ppm = 10% LEL)
Note: Threat zone was not drawn because effects of near-field patchiness
make dispersion predictions less reliable for short distances.
Annexure Pest Control India Pvt. Ltd.
V) Acetic Acid
Source :- Direct
Scenario :- Spill of entire chemical present in single carboy
3. Overpressure from vapor cloud explosion
SOURCE STRENGTH:
Direct Source: 30 liters Source Height: 0
Source State: Liquid
Source Temperature: 27° C
Release Duration: 1 minute
Release Rate: 520 grams/sec
Total Amount Released: 31.2 kilograms
THREAT ZONE:
Threat Modeled: Overpressure (blast force) from vapor cloud explosion
Type of Ignition: ignited by spark or flame
Level of Congestion: uncongested
Model Run: Heavy Gas
Red : LOC was never exceeded --- (8.0 psi = destruction of buildings)
Orange: LOC was never exceeded --- (3.5 psi = serious injury likely)
Yellow: LOC was never exceeded --- (1.0 psi = shatters glass)
Threat Modeled: Overpressure (blast force) from vapor cloud explosion
Type of Ignition: ignited by spark or flame
Level of Congestion: uncongested
Model Run: Heavy Gas
Red : LOC was never exceeded --- (8.0 psi = destruction of buildings)
Orange: LOC was never exceeded --- (3.5 psi = serious injury likely)
Yellow: LOC was never exceeded --- (1.0 psi = shatters glass)
Annexure Pest Control India Pvt. Ltd.
6) CHEMICAL DATA FOR TOULENE:
CHEMICAL DATA:
Chemical Name: TOLUENE Molecular Weight: 92.14 g/mol
AEGL-1 (60 min): 67 ppm AEGL-2 (60 min): 560 ppm AEGL-3 (60 min): 3700 ppm
IDLH: 500 ppm LEL: 11000 ppm UEL: 71000 ppm
Ambient Boiling Point: 110.6° C
Vapor Pressure at Ambient Temperature: 0.042 atm
Ambient Saturation Concentration: 41,610 ppm or 4.16%
VI) Toluene
Source: - Direct
Scenario: - Spill of entire chemical present in single Drum
1. Heavy Gas
SOURCE STRENGTH:
Direct Source: 200 kilograms Source Height: 0
Release Duration: 1 minute
Release Rate: 3.33 kilograms/sec
Total Amount Released: 200 kilograms
THREAT ZONE:
Model Run: Heavy Gas
Red : 93 meters --- (3700 ppm = AEGL-3 [60 min])
Orange: 253 meters --- (560 ppm = AEGL-2 [60 min])
Yellow: 673 meters --- (67 ppm = AEGL-1 [60 min])
Annexure Pest Control India Pvt. Ltd.
200 0 200 400 600 800 1000 500
300
100
0
100
300
500
meters
meters
greater than 3700 ppm (AEGL-3 [60 min])
greater than 560 ppm (AEGL-2 [60 min])
greater than 67 ppm (AEGL-1 [60 min])
wind direction confidence lines
wind
Annexure Pest Control India Pvt. Ltd.
VI) Toluene
Source: - Direct
Scenario: - Spill of entire chemical present in single Drum
2. Flammable Area of Vapor Cloud
SOURCE STRENGTH:
Direct Source: 200 kilograms Source Height: 0
Release Duration: 1 minute
Release Rate: 3.33 kilograms/sec
Total Amount Released: 200 kilograms
THREAT ZONE:
Threat Modeled: Flammable Area of Vapor Cloud
Model Run: Heavy Gas
Red : 67 meters --- (6600 ppm = 60% LEL = Flame Pockets)
Yellow: 180 meters --- (1100 ppm = 10% LEL)
100 0 100 200 300 150
50
0
50
150
meters
meters
greater than 6600 ppm (60% LEL = Flame Pockets)
greater than 1100 ppm (10% LEL)
wind direction confidence lines
wind
Annexure Pest Control India Pvt. Ltd.
VI) Toluene
Source: - Direct
Scenario: - Spill of entire chemical present in single Drum
3. Overpressure from vapor cloud explosion
SOURCE STRENGTH:
Direct Source: 200 kilograms Source Height: 0
Release Duration: 1 minute
Release Rate: 3.33 kilograms/sec
Total Amount Released: 200 kilograms
THREAT ZONE:
Threat Modeled: Overpressure (blast force) from vapor cloud explosion
Type of Ignition: ignited by spark or flame
Level of Congestion: uncongested
Model Run: Heavy Gas
Red : LOC was never exceeded --- (8.0 psi = destruction of buildings)
Orange: LOC was never exceeded --- (3.5 psi = serious injury likely)
Yellow: LOC was never exceeded --- (1.0 psi = shatters glass)
Threat Modeled: Overpressure (blast force) from vapor cloud explosion
Type of Ignition: ignited by spark or flame
Level of Congestion: uncongested
Model Run: Heavy Gas
Red : LOC was never exceeded --- (8.0 psi = destruction of buildings)
Orange: LOC was never exceeded --- (3.5 psi = serious injury likely)
Yellow: LOC was never exceeded --- (1.0 psi = shatters glass)
Annexure Pest Control India Pvt. Ltd.
7) CHEMICAL DATA FOR BROMINE:
CHEMICAL DATA:
Chemical Name: BROMINE Molecular Weight: 159.81 g/mol
AEGL-1 (60 min): 0.033 ppm AEGL-2 (60 min): 0.24 ppm AEGL-3 (60 min): 8.5 ppm
IDLH: 3 ppm
Ambient Boiling Point: 58.7° C
Vapor Pressure at Ambient Temperature: 0.31 atm
Ambient Saturation Concentration: 305,765 ppm or 30.6%
VII) Bromine
Source: - Direct
Scenario: - Spill of entire chemical present in single bottle
1. Heavy Gas
SOURCE STRENGTH:
Direct Source: 3 kilograms Source Height: 0
Release Duration: 1 minute
Release Rate: 50 grams/sec
Total Amount Released: 3.00 kilograms
THREAT ZONE:
Model Run: Heavy Gas
Red : 312 meters --- (8.5 ppm = AEGL-3 [60 min])
Orange: 1.5 kilometers --- (0.24 ppm = AEGL-2 [60 min])
Yellow: 3.2 kilometers --- (0.033 ppm = AEGL-1 [60 min])
Annexure Pest Control India Pvt. Ltd.
0 1 2 3 4 5 2
1
0
1
2
kilometers
kilometers
greater than 8.5 ppm (AEGL-3 [60 min])
greater than 0.24 ppm (AEGL-2 [60 min])
greater than 0.033 ppm (AEGL-1 [60 min])
wind direction confidence lines
wind
Annexure Pest Control India Pvt. Ltd.
8) CHEMICAL DATA FOR 1,4-DIOXANE:
CHEMICAL DATA:
Chemical Name: 1,4-DIOXANE Molecular Weight: 88.11 g/mol
LEL: 21000 ppm UEL: 215000 ppm
Ambient Boiling Point: 105.0° C
Vapor Pressure at Ambient Temperature: 0.045 atm
Ambient Saturation Concentration: 44,557 ppm or 4.46%
VIII) 1,4-Dioxane
Source: - Puddle
Scenario: - Evaporating Puddle
1. Heavy Gas
SOURCE STRENGTH:
Evaporating Puddle (Note: chemical is flammable)
Puddle Area: 2.25 square meters Puddle Volume: 2.25 cubic meters
Ground Type: Concrete Ground Temperature: 27° C
Initial Puddle Temperature: 27° C
Release Duration: ALOHA limited the duration to 1 hour
Max Average Sustained Release Rate: 134 grams/min
(averaged over a minute or more)
Total Amount Released: 7.98 kilograms
THREAT ZONE:
Model Run: Gaussian
Red : less than 10 meters(10.9 yards) --- (215000 ppm)
Note: Threat zone was not drawn because effects of near-field patchiness
make dispersion predictions less reliable for short distances.
Orange: less than 10 meters(10.9 yards) --- (21000 ppm)
Note: Threat zone was not drawn because effects of near-field patchiness
make dispersion predictions less reliable for short distances.
Model Run: Gaussian
Red : less than 10 meters(10.9 yards) --- (215000 ppm)
Note: Threat zone was not drawn because effects of near-field patchiness
make dispersion predictions less reliable for short distances.
Orange: less than 10 meters(10.9 yards) --- (21000 ppm)
Note: Threat zone was not drawn because effects of near-field patchiness
make dispersion predictions less reliable for short distances.
Annexure Pest Control India Pvt. Ltd.
VIII) 1,4-Dioxane
Source: - Puddle
Scenario: - Evaporating Puddle of Flammable Chemical
2. Flammable Area of Vapor Cloud
SOURCE STRENGTH:
Evaporating Puddle (Note: chemical is flammable)
Puddle Area: 2.25 square meters Puddle Volume: 2.25 cubic meters
Ground Type: Concrete Ground Temperature: 27° C
Initial Puddle Temperature: 27° C
Release Duration: ALOHA limited the duration to 1 hour
Max Average Sustained Release Rate: 134 grams/min
(averaged over a minute or more)
Total Amount Released: 7.98 kilograms
THREAT ZONE:
Threat Modeled: Flammable Area of Vapor Cloud
Model Run: Gaussian
Red : less than 10 meters(10.9 yards) --- (12600 ppm = 60% LEL = Flame Pockets)
Note: Threat zone was not drawn because effects of near-field patchiness
make dispersion predictions less reliable for short distances.
Yellow: less than 10 meters(10.9 yards) --- (2100 ppm = 10% LEL)
Note: Threat zone was not drawn because effects of near-field patchiness
make dispersion predictions less reliable for short distances.
Threat Modeled: Flammable Area of Vapor Cloud
Model Run: Gaussian
Red : less than 10 meters(10.9 yards) --- (12600 ppm = 60% LEL = Flame Pockets)
Note: Threat zone was not drawn because effects of near-field patchiness
make dispersion predictions less reliable for short distances.
Yellow: less than 10 meters(10.9 yards) --- (2100 ppm = 10% LEL)
Note: Threat zone was not drawn because effects of near-field patchiness
make dispersion predictions less reliable for short distances.
Annexure Pest Control India Pvt. Ltd.
VIII) 1,4-Dioxane
Source: - Puddle
Scenario: - Evaporating Puddle of Flammable Chemical
3. Overpressure from vapor cloud explosion
SOURCE STRENGTH:
Evaporating Puddle (Note: chemical is flammable)
Puddle Area: 2.25 square meters Puddle Volume: 2.25 cubic meters
Ground Type: Concrete Ground Temperature: 27° C
Initial Puddle Temperature: 27° C
Release Duration: ALOHA limited the duration to 1 hour
Max Average Sustained Release Rate: 134 grams/min
(Averaged over a minute or more)
Total Amount Released: 7.98 kilograms
THREAT ZONE:
Threat Modeled: Overpressure (blast force) from vapor cloud explosion
Type of Ignition: ignited by spark or flame
Level of Congestion: uncongested
Model Run: Gaussian
No explosion: no part of the cloud is above the LEL at any time
Threat Modeled: Overpressure (blast force) from vapor cloud explosion
Type of Ignition: ignited by spark or flame
Level of Congestion: uncongested
Model Run: Gaussian
No explosion: no part of the cloud is above the LEL at any time
Annexure Pest Control India Pvt. Ltd.
VIII) 1,4-Dioxane
Source: - Puddle
Scenario: - Burining Puddle of Flammable Chemical
Thermal radiation from pool fire
SOURCE STRENGTH:
Burning Puddle / Pool Fire
Puddle Area: 2.25 square meters Puddle Volume: 2.25 cubic meters
Initial Puddle Temperature: 27° C
Flame Length: 4 meters
Burn Duration: ALOHA limited the duration to 1 hour
Burn Rate: 6.32 kilograms/min
Total Amount Burned: 379 kilograms
THREAT ZONE:
Threat Modeled: Thermal radiation from pool fire
Red : less than 10 meters(10.9 yards) --- (10.0 kW/(sq m) = potentially lethal within 60 sec)
Orange: less than 10 meters(10.9 yards) --- (5.0 kW/(sq m) = 2nd degree burns within 60 sec)
Yellow: less than 10 meters(10.9 yards) --- (2.0 kW/(sq m) = pain within 60 sec)
Threat Modeled: Thermal radiation from pool fire
Red : less than 10 meters(10.9 yards) --- (10.0 kW/(sq m) = potentially lethal within 60 sec)
Orange: less than 10 meters(10.9 yards) --- (5.0 kW/(sq m) = 2nd degree burns within 60 sec)
Yellow: less than 10 meters(10.9 yards) --- (2.0 kW/(sq m) = pain within 60 sec)
Annexure Pest Control India Pvt. Ltd.
9) CHEMICAL DATA FOR ETHYLENE DICHLORIDE:
CHEMICAL DATA:
Chemical Name: ETHYLENE DICHLORIDE Molecular Weight: 98.96 g/mol
ERPG-1: 50 ppm ERPG-2: 200 ppm ERPG-3: 300 ppm
LEL: 45000 ppm UEL: 160000 ppm
Carcinogenic risk - see CAMEO Chemicals
Ambient Boiling Point: 83.4° C
Vapor Pressure at Ambient Temperature: 0.12 atm
Ambient Saturation Concentration: 115,397 ppm or 11.5%
IX) Ethylene Dichloride
Source: - Puddle
Scenario: - Evaporating Puddle of flammable chemical
1. Gaussian
SOURCE STRENGTH:
Evaporating Puddle (Note: chemical is flammable)
Puddle Area: 3.42 square meters Puddle Volume: 3.42 cubic meters
Ground Type: Concrete Ground Temperature: 27° C
Initial Puddle Temperature: 27° C
Release Duration: ALOHA limited the duration to 1 hour
Max Average Sustained Release Rate: 576 grams/min
(averaged over a minute or more)
Total Amount Released: 34.2 kilograms
THREAT ZONE:
Model Run: Gaussian
Red : 20 meters --- (300 ppm = ERPG-3)
Note: Threat zone was not drawn because effects of near-field patchiness
make dispersion predictions less reliable for short distances.
Orange: 27 meters --- (200 ppm = ERPG-2)
Note: Threat zone was not drawn because effects of near-field patchiness
make dispersion predictions less reliable for short distances.
Yellow: 58 meters --- (50 ppm = ERPG-1)
Annexure Pest Control India Pvt. Ltd.
20 0 20 40 60 80 40
20
0
20
40
meters
meters
greater than 300 ppm (ERPG-3) (not drawn)
greater than 200 ppm (ERPG-2) (not drawn)
greater than 50 ppm (ERPG-1)
wind direction confidence lines
wind
Annexure Pest Control India Pvt. Ltd.
IX) Ethylene Dichloride
Source: - Puddle
Scenario: - Evaporating Puddle of flammable chemical
2. Flammable area of vapor cloud
SOURCE STRENGTH:
Evaporating Puddle (Note: chemical is flammable)
Puddle Area: 3.42 square meters Puddle Volume: 3.42 cubic meters
Ground Type: Concrete Ground Temperature: 27° C
Initial Puddle Temperature: 27° C
Release Duration: ALOHA limited the duration to 1 hour
Max Average Sustained Release Rate: 576 grams/min
(averaged over a minute or more)
Total Amount Released: 34.2 kilograms
THREAT ZONE:
Threat Modeled: Flammable Area of Vapor Cloud
Model Run: Gaussian
Red : less than 10 meters(10.9 yards) --- (27000 ppm = 60% LEL = Flame Pockets)
Note: Threat zone was not drawn because effects of near-field patchiness
make dispersion predictions less reliable for short distances.
Yellow: less than 10 meters(10.9 yards) --- (4500 ppm = 10% LEL)
Note: Threat zone was not drawn because effects of near-field patchiness
make dispersion predictions less reliable for short distances.
Threat Modeled: Flammable Area of Vapor Cloud
Model Run: Gaussian
Red : less than 10 meters(10.9 yards) --- (27000 ppm = 60% LEL = Flame Pockets)
Note: Threat zone was not drawn because effects of near-field patchiness
make dispersion predictions less reliable for short distances.
Yellow: less than 10 meters(10.9 yards) --- (4500 ppm = 10% LEL)
Note: Threat zone was not drawn because effects of near-field patchiness
make dispersion predictions less reliable for short distances.
Annexure Pest Control India Pvt. Ltd.
IX) Ethylene Dichloride
Source: - Puddle
Scenario: - Evaporating Puddle of flammable chemical
3. Overpressure from vapor cloud explosion
SOURCE STRENGTH:
Evaporating Puddle (Note: chemical is flammable)
Puddle Area: 3.42 square meters Puddle Volume: 3.42 cubic meters
Ground Type: Concrete Ground Temperature: 27° C
Initial Puddle Temperature: 27° C
Release Duration: ALOHA limited the duration to 1 hour
Max Average Sustained Release Rate: 576 grams/min
(averaged over a minute or more)
Total Amount Released: 34.2 kilograms
THREAT ZONE:
Threat Modeled: Overpressure (blast force) from vapor cloud explosion
Type of Ignition: ignited by spark or flame
Level of Congestion: uncongested
Model Run: Gaussian
No explosion: no part of the cloud is above the LEL at any time.
Threat Modeled: Overpressure (blast force) from vapor cloud explosion
Type of Ignition: ignited by spark or flame
Level of Congestion: uncongested
Model Run: Gaussian
No explosion: no part of the cloud is above the LEL at any time
Annexure Pest Control India Pvt. Ltd.
IX) Ethylene Dichloride
Source: - Puddle
Scenario: - Burning Puddle of flammable chemical
4. Thermal radiation from pool fire
SOURCE STRENGTH:
Burning Puddle / Pool Fire
Puddle Area: 3.42 square meters Puddle Volume: 3.42 cubic meters
Initial Puddle Temperature: 27° C
Flame Length: 3 meters
Burn Duration: ALOHA limited the duration to 1 hour
Burn Rate: 5.79 kilograms/min
Total Amount Burned: 347 kilograms
THREAT ZONE:
Threat Modeled: Thermal radiation from pool fire
Red : less than 10 meters(10.9 yards) --- (10.0 kW/(sq m) = potentially lethal within 60 sec)
Orange: less than 10 meters(10.9 yards) --- (5.0 kW/(sq m) = 2nd degree burns within 60 sec)
Yellow: less than 10 meters(10.9 yards) --- (2.0 kW/(sq m) = pain within 60 sec)
Threat Modeled: Thermal radiation from pool fire
Red : less than 10 meters(10.9 yards) --- (10.0 kW/(sq m) = potentially lethal within 60 sec)
Orange: less than 10 meters(10.9 yards) --- (5.0 kW/(sq m) = 2nd degree burns within 60 sec)
Yellow: less than 10 meters(10.9 yards) --- (2.0 kW/(sq m) = pain within 60 sec)
Annexure Pest Control India Pvt. Ltd.
10) CHEMICAL DATA FOR ETHYLENE OXIDE:
CHEMICAL DATA:
Chemical Name: ETHYLENE OXIDE Molecular Weight: 44.05 g/mol
AEGL-1 (60 min): N/A AEGL-2 (60 min): 45 ppm AEGL-3 (60 min): 200 ppm
IDLH: 800 ppm LEL: 30000 ppm UEL: 1000000 ppm
Carcinogenic risk - see CAMEO Chemicals
Ambient Boiling Point: 10.5° C
Vapor Pressure at Ambient Temperature: greater than 1 atm
Ambient Saturation Concentration: 1,000,000 ppm or 100.0%
IX) Ethylene Oxide
Source: - Direct
Scenario: - Leakage in storage cylinder
1. Heavy Gas
SOURCE STRENGTH:
Direct Source: 35 kilograms Source Height: 0
Release Duration: 1 minute
Release Rate: 583 grams/sec
Total Amount Released: 35.0 kilograms
Note: This chemical may flash boil and/or result in two phase flow.
THREAT ZONE:
Model Run: Heavy Gas
Red : 350 meters --- (200 ppm = AEGL-3 [60 min])
Orange: 744 meters --- (45 ppm = AEGL-2 [60 min])
Yellow: no recommended LOC value --- (N/A = AEGL-1 [60 min])
Annexure Pest Control India Pvt. Ltd.
200 0 200 400 600 800 1000 500
300
100
0
100
300
500
meters
meters
greater than 200 ppm (AEGL-3 [60 min])
greater than 45 ppm (AEGL-2 [60 min])
no recommended LOC value for AEGL-1 (60 min) (not drawn)
wind direction confidence lines
wind
Annexure Pest Control India Pvt. Ltd.
IX) Ethylene Oxide
Source: - Direct
Scenario: - Leakage in storage cylinder
2. Flammable area of vapor cloud
SOURCE STRENGTH:
Direct Source: 35 kilograms Source Height: 0
Release Duration: 1 minute
Release Rate: 583 grams/sec
Total Amount Released: 35.0 kilograms
Note: This chemical may flash boil and/or result in two phase flow.
THREAT ZONE:
Threat Modeled: Flammable Area of Vapor Cloud
Model Run: Heavy Gas
Red : 22 meters --- (18000 ppm = 60% LEL = Flame Pockets)
Note: Threat zone was not drawn because effects of near-field patchiness
make dispersion predictions less reliable for short distances.
Yellow: 68 meters --- (3000 ppm = 10% LEL)
20 0 20 40 60 80 100 50
30
10
0
10
30
50
meters
meters
greater than 18000 ppm (60% LEL = Flame Pockets) (not drawn) greater than 3000 ppm (10% LEL) wind direction confidence lines
wind
Annexure Pest Control India Pvt. Ltd.
IX) Ethylene Oxide
Source: - Direct
Scenario: - Leakage in storage cylinder
3. Overpressure from vapor cloud explosion
SOURCE STRENGTH:
Direct Source: 35 kilograms Source Height: 0
Release Duration: 1 minute
Release Rate: 583 grams/sec
Total Amount Released: 35.0 kilograms
Note: This chemical may flash boil and/or result in two phase flow.
THREAT ZONE:
Threat Modeled: Overpressure (blast force) from vapor cloud explosion
Type of Ignition: ignited by spark or flame
Level of Congestion: uncongested
Model Run: Heavy Gas
Red : LOC was never exceeded --- (8.0 psi = destruction of buildings)
Orange: LOC was never exceeded --- (3.5 psi = serious injury likely)
Yellow: 20 meters --- (1.0 psi = shatters glass)
10 0 10 20 30 40 20
10
0
10
20
meters
meters
greater than 8.0 psi (destruction of buildings) greater than 3.5 psi (serious injury likely) greater than 1.0 psi (shatters glass) wind direction confidence lines
wind
Annexure Pest Control India Pvt. Ltd.
IX) Ethylene Oxide
Source: - Cylinder containing pressurized flammable liquid
Scenario: - Leaking Tank, Chemical is not Burning as it escape into atmosphere
1. Heavy gas
SOURCE STRENGTH:
Leak from hole in vertical cylindrical tank
Flammable chemical escaping from tank (not burning)
Tank Diameter: 0.35 meters Tank Length: 0.85 meters
Tank Volume: 0.082 cubic meters
Tank contains liquid Internal Temperature: 27° C
Chemical Mass in Tank: 35 kilograms Tank is 49% full
Circular Opening Diameter: 0.06 meters
Opening is 0 inches from tank bottom
Release Duration: 1 minute
Max Average Sustained Release Rate: 583 grams/sec
(averaged over a minute or more)
Total Amount Released: 35.0 kilograms
Note: The chemical escaped as a mixture of gas and aerosol (two phase flow).
THREAT ZONE:
Model Run: Heavy Gas
Red : 255 meters --- (200 ppm = AEGL-3 [60 min])
Orange: 514 meters --- (45 ppm = AEGL-2 [60 min])
Yellow: no recommended LOC value --- (N/A = AEGL-1 [60 min])
Annexure Pest Control India Pvt. Ltd.
200 0 200 400 600 800 400
200
0
200
400
meters
meters
greater than 200 ppm (AEGL-3 [60 min])
greater than 45 ppm (AEGL-2 [60 min])
no recommended LOC value for AEGL-1 (60 min) (not drawn)
wind direction confidence lines
wind
Annexure Pest Control India Pvt. Ltd.
IX) Ethylene Oxide
Source: - Cylinder containing pressurized flammable liquid
Scenario: - Leaking Tank, Chemical is not Burning as it escape into atmosphere
2. Flammable Area of Vapor Cloud
SOURCE STRENGTH:
Leak from hole in vertical cylindrical tank
Flammable chemical escaping from tank (not burning)
Tank Diameter: 0.35 meters Tank Length: 0.85 meters
Tank Volume: 0.082 cubic meters
Tank contains liquid Internal Temperature: 27° C
Chemical Mass in Tank: 35 kilograms Tank is 49% full
Circular Opening Diameter: 0.06 meters
Opening is 0 inches from tank bottom
Release Duration: 1 minute
Max Average Sustained Release Rate: 583 grams/sec
(averaged over a minute or more)
Total Amount Released: 35.0 kilograms
Note: The chemical escaped as a mixture of gas and aerosol (two phase flow).
THREAT ZONE:
Threat Modeled: Flammable Area of Vapor Cloud
Model Run: Heavy Gas
Red : 23 meters --- (18000 ppm = 60% LEL = Flame Pockets)
Note: Threat zone was not drawn because effects of near-field patchiness
make dispersion predictions less reliable for short distances.
Yellow: 59 meters --- (3000 ppm = 10% LEL)
Annexure Pest Control India Pvt. Ltd.
20 0 20 40 60 80 100 50
30
10
0
10
30
50
meters
meters
greater than 18000 ppm (60% LEL = Flame Pockets) (not drawn)
greater than 3000 ppm (10% LEL)
wind direction confidence lines
wind
Annexure Pest Control India Pvt. Ltd.
IX) Ethylene Oxide
Source: - Cylinder containing pressurized flammable liquid
Scenario: - Leaking Tank, Chemical is not Burning as it escape into atmosphere
3. Overpressure from vapor cloud explosion
SOURCE STRENGTH:
Leak from hole in vertical cylindrical tank
Flammable chemical escaping from tank (not burning)
Tank Diameter: 0.35 meters Tank Length: 0.85 meters
Tank Volume: 0.082 cubic meters
Tank contains liquid Internal Temperature: 27° C
Chemical Mass in Tank: 35 kilograms Tank is 49% full
Circular Opening Diameter: 0.06 meters
Opening is 0 inches from tank bottom
Release Duration: 1 minute
Max Average Sustained Release Rate: 583 grams/sec
(averaged over a minute or more)
Total Amount Released: 35.0 kilograms
Note: The chemical escaped as a mixture of gas and aerosol (two phase flow).
THREAT ZONE:
Threat Modeled: Overpressure (blast force) from vapor cloud explosion
Type of Ignition: ignited by spark or flame
Level of Congestion: uncongested
Model Run: Heavy Gas
Red : LOC was never exceeded --- (8.0 psi = destruction of buildings)
Orange: LOC was never exceeded --- (3.5 psi = serious injury likely)
Yellow: 29 meters --- (1.0 psi = shatters glass)
Annexure Pest Control India Pvt. Ltd.
20 0 20 40 60 30
10
0
10
30
meters
meters
greater than 8.0 psi (destruction of buildings)
greater than 3.5 psi (serious injury likely)
greater than 1.0 psi (shatters glass)
wind direction confidence lines
wind
Annexure Pest Control India Pvt. Ltd.
IX) Ethylene Oxide
Source: - Cylinder containing pressurized flammable liquid
Scenario: - Leaking Tank, Chemical is Burning as jet fire
1. Thermal radiation from jet fire
SOURCE STRENGTH:
Leak from hole in vertical cylindrical tank
Flammable chemical is burning as it escapes from tank
Tank Diameter: 0.35 meters Tank Length: 0.85 meters
Tank Volume: 0.082 cubic meters
Tank contains liquid Internal Temperature: 27° C
Chemical Mass in Tank: 35 kilograms Tank is 49% full
Circular Opening Diameter: 0.06 meters
Opening is 0 inches from tank bottom
Flame Length: 17 meters Burn Duration: 20 seconds
Burn Rate: 21.5 kilograms/sec
Total Amount Burned: 35.0 kilograms
Note: The chemical escaped from the tank and burned as a jet fire.
THREAT ZONE:
Threat Modeled: Thermal radiation from jet fire
Red : 10 meters --- (10.0 kW/(sq m) = potentially lethal within 60 sec)
Orange: 10 meters --- (5.0 kW/(sq m) = 2nd degree burns within 60 sec)
Yellow: 20 meters --- (2.0 kW/(sq m) = pain within 60 sec)
Annexure Pest Control India Pvt. Ltd.
20 10 0 10 20 30 20
10
0
10
20
meters
meters
greater than 10.0 kW/(sq m) (potentially lethal within 60 sec)
greater than 5.0 kW/(sq m) (2nd degree burns within 60 sec)
greater than 2.0 kW/(sq m) (pain within 60 sec)
wind
Annexure Pest Control India Pvt. Ltd.
IX) Ethylene Oxide
Source: - Cylinder containing pressurized flammable liquid
Scenario: - BLEVE of flammable liquid in vertical cylinder tank
1. Thermal radiation from Fireball
SOURCE STRENGTH:
BLEVE of flammable liquid in vertical cylindrical tank
Tank Diameter: 0.35 meters Tank Length: 0.85 meters
Tank Volume: 0.082 cubic meters
Tank contains liquid
Internal Storage Temperature: 27° C
Chemical Mass in Tank: 35 kilograms Tank is 49% full
Percentage of Tank Mass in Fireball: 100%
Fireball Diameter: 19 meters Burn Duration: 2 seconds
THREAT ZONE:
Threat Modeled: Thermal radiation from fireball
Red : 36 meters --- (10.0 kW/(sq m) = potentially lethal within 60 sec)
Orange: 51 meters --- (5.0 kW/(sq m) = 2nd degree burns within 60 sec)
Yellow: 80 meters --- (2.0 kW/(sq m) = pain within 60 sec)
Annexure Pest Control India Pvt. Ltd.
100 50 0 50 100 150 100
50
0
50
100
meters
meters
greater than 10.0 kW/(sq m) (potentially lethal within 60 sec)
greater than 5.0 kW/(sq m) (2nd degree burns within 60 sec)
greater than 2.0 kW/(sq m) (pain within 60 sec)
wind
Annexure Pest Control India Pvt. Ltd.
Annexure: 7.3
DOW INDEX
1. Acetone
Tank No. -- Equipment Name Acetone Storage in Drums ( 0.4 MT)
Basic Material for Material factor Acetone Density, kg/l 0.791
Properties of material
N h 1 N f 3 N r 0 M.F. 16
Boil. pt. 133.1 0F 56.2 0C Flash pt. - 4 0F -20 0C
HC = Heat of Comb. 12300 BTU / lb
Quantity of the material 505.6 l 400 kg 882 Lb
Storage conditions Temp 25 0C Pressure 1.0 Bar
Penalty factor
range
Penalty factor used
1.General Process
Hazard
Base Factor 1.00 1.00
Exothermic Chemical Reaction 0.30 to 1.25 0.00
Endothermic Processes 0.20 to 0.40 0.00
Material handling and transfer 0.25 to 1.05 0.85
Enclosed or Indoor Process Units 0.25 to 0.90 0.00
Access 0.20 to 0.35 0.00
Drainage and Spill Control 0.25 to 0.50 0.50
General Process Hazard Factor ( F1 ) 2.35
2.Special Process
Hazard
Base Factor 1.00 1.00
Toxic material(s) 0.20 to 0.80 0.20
Sub atmospheric pressure (< 500 mm
Hg)
0.50 0.00
Operation in or near flammable range
_____inerted ______noninerted
0.00 to 0.80
1. Tank farm storage flammable
liquids
0.50 0.00
2. Process upset or purge failure 0.30 0.00
3. Always in contact of Flame
process
0.80 0.00
Dust Explosion 0.25 to 2.00 0.00
Pressure Operating pressure psig
Relief setting ________
psig
0.00
Low temperature 0.20 to 0.30 0.00
Quantity of flammable / unstable
material
1. Liquids or gases in process 0.00
2. Liquids or gases in storage 0.16
3. Combustible Solids in Storage, Dust
in Process
0.00
Corrosion & Erosion 0.10 to 0.75 0.10
Annexure Pest Control India Pvt. Ltd.
Leakage - Joints & Packing 0.10 to 1.50 0.00
Use of Fired Equipment 0.00
Hot oil heat exchange system 0.15 to 1.15 0.00
Rotating Equipment 0.50 0.00
Special Process Hazard Factor ( F2 ) 1.46
Process Unit Hazard Factor ( F3 = F1 x F2) 3.431
Fire & Explosion Index (F.& E.I.= F3 x M.F. ) 54.89
Degree of Hazard Light
Radius of Exposure 46.1 ft
Area of Exposure 6673.1 ft2
Degree of Hazard for F & EI
Degree of Hazard for F & EI
F & EI Index Range Degree of Hazard
1-60 Light
61-96 Moderate
97-127 Intermediate
128-158 Heavy
159-up Severe
RECOMMENDED MINIMUM FEATURES ACCORDING TO
DOW FIRE AND EXPLOSION INDEX
Preventive & Protective Features Fire & Explosion Index Number Index for the present case
0-20 20-40 40-60 60-75 75-90 >90 54.89
Feature
optional
Suggested Recomme
nded
Feature
required
1) Fireproofing 1 2 2 3 4 4 √
2) Water spray
a) directional 1 2 3 3 4 4 √
b) area 1 2 3 3 4 4 √
c) curtain 1 1 2 2 2 4 √
3) Special instrumentation
a) temperature 1 2 3 3 4 4 √
b) pressure 1 2 3 3 3 4 √
c) flow control 1 2 3 4 4 4 √
4) Dust, blowdown, spill control 1 1 2 3 3 4 √
5) Internal examination 1 2 3 3 4 4 √
Annexure Pest Control India Pvt. Ltd.
6) Combustible gas
monitors
a) signal alarm 1 1 2 3 3 4 √
b) actuate equipment 1 1 2 2 3 4 √
7) Remote operation 1 1 2 3 3 4 √
8) Diking, (Not Applicable as
barrel storage)
1 4 4 4 4 4
9) Blast & barrier walls
separation
1 1 2 3 4 4 √
1) Feature optional 2) Feature suggested 3) Feature recommended 4) Feature required
2. Acetyl Chloride
Tank No. -- Equipment Name Acetyl Chloride 30 Liter Carboy
(30 lit X 1)
Basic Material for Material factor 24 Density, kg/l 1.1
Properties of material
N h 3 N f 3 N r 2 M.F. 14
Boil. pt. 125.6 0F 52 0C Flash pt. 40 0F 4.4 0C
HC = Heat of Comb. 2500 BTU / lb
Quantity of the material 30 l 33 kg 72.7 Lb
Storage conditions Temp 25 0C Pressure 1.0 Bar
Penalty factor
range
Penalty factor used
1.General Process
Hazard
Base Factor 1.00 1.00
Exothermic Chemical Reaction 0.30 to 1.25 0.00
Endothermic Processes 0.20 to 0.40 0.00
Material handling and transfer 0.25 to 1.05 0.85
Enclosed or Indoor Process Units 0.25 to 0.90 0.00
Access 0.20 to 0.35 0.00
Drainage and Spill Control 0.25 to 0.50 0.50
General Process Hazard Factor ( F1 ) 2.35
2.Special Process
Hazard
Base Factor 1.00 1.00
Toxic material(s) 0.20 to 0.80 0.60
Sub atmospheric pressure (< 500 mm
Hg)
0.50 0.00
Operation in or near flammable range
_____inerted ______noninerted
0.00 to 0.80
1. Tank farm storage flammable
liquids
0.50 0.00
Annexure Pest Control India Pvt. Ltd.
2. Process upset or purge failure 0.30 0.00
3. Always in contact of Flame
process
0.80 0.00
Dust Explosion 0.25 to 2.00 0.00
Pressure Operating pressure psig
Relief setting ________
psig
0.00
Low temperature 0.20 to 0.30 0.00
Quantity of flammable / unstable
material
1. Liquids or gases in process 0.00
2. Liquids or gases in storage 0.00
3. Combustible Solids in Storage, Dust
in Process
0.00
Corrosion & Erosion 0.10 to 0.75 0.10
Leakage - Joints & Packing 0.10 to 1.50 0.00
Use of Fired Equipment 0.00
Hot oil heat exchange system 0.15 to 1.15 0.00
Rotating Equipment 0.50 0.00
Special Process Hazard Factor ( F2 ) 1.6
Process Unit Hazard Factor ( F3 = F1 x F2) 3.76
Fire & Explosion Index (F.& E.I.= F3 x M.F. ) 90.24
Degree of Hazard Moderate
Radius of Exposure 75.8 ft
Area of Exposure 18041.3 ft2
Degree of Hazard for F & EI
Degree of Hazard for F & EI
F & EI Index Range Degree of Hazard
1-60 Light
61-96 Moderate
97-127 Intermediate
128-158 Heavy
159-up Severe
RECOMMENDED MINIMUM FEATURES ACCORDING TO DOW FIRE AND EXPLOSION INDEX
Preventive & Protective
Features
Fire & Explosion Index Number Index for the present case
0-20 20-40 40-60 60-75 75-90 >90 90.24
Feature
optional
Suggested Recomme
nded
Featu
re
requi
red
1) Fireproofing 1 2 2 3 4 4 √
Annexure Pest Control India Pvt. Ltd.
2) Water spray
a) directional 1 2 3 3 4 4 √
b) area 1 2 3 3 4 4 √
c) curtain 1 1 2 2 2 4 √
3) Special instrumentation
a) temperature 1 2 3 3 4 4 √
b) pressure 1 2 3 3 3 4 √
c) flow control 1 2 3 4 4 4 √
4) Dust, blowdown, spill
control
1 1 2 3 3 4 √
5) Internal examination 1 2 3 3 4 4 √
6) Combustible gas
monitors
a) signal alarm 1 1 2 3 3 4 √
b) actuate equipment 1 1 2 2 3 4 √
7) Remote operation 1 1 2 3 3 4 √
8) Diking, (Not Applicable as
barrel storage)
1 4 4 4 4 4
9) Blast & barrier walls
separation
1 1 2 3 4 4 √
1) Feature optional 2) Feature suggested 3) Feature recommended 4) Feature required
3. Acetic Acid
Tank No. -- Equipment Name Acetic Acid (30 lit Carboy)
Basic Material for Material factor 14 Density, kg/l 1.05
Properties of material
N h 3 N f 2 N r 1 M.F. 14
Boil. pt. 244.6 0F 118.1 0C Flash pt. 102 0F 39 0C
HC = Heat of Comb. 5600 BTU / lb
Quantity of the material 30 l 31.5 kg 69.44 Lb
Storage conditions Temp 25 0C Pressure 1.0 Bar
Penalty factor
range
Penalty factor used
1.General Process
Hazard
Base Factor 1.00 1.00
Exothermic Chemical Reaction 0.30 to 1.25 0.00
Endothermic Processes 0.20 to 0.40 0.00
Material handling and transfer 0.25 to 1.05 0.25
Annexure Pest Control India Pvt. Ltd.
Enclosed or Indoor Process Units 0.25 to 0.90 0.00
Access 0.20 to 0.35 0.00
Drainage and Spill Control 0.25 to 0.50 0.50
General Process Hazard Factor ( F1 ) 1.75
2.Special Process
Hazard
Base Factor 1.00 1.00
Toxic material(s) 0.20 to 0.80 0.60
Sub atmospheric pressure (< 500 mm Hg) 0.50 0.00
Operation in or near flammable range
_____inerted ______noninerted
0.00 to 0.80
1. Tank farm storage flammable liquids 0.50 0.00
2. Process upset or purge failure 0.30 0.00
3. Always in contact of Flame
process
0.80 0.00
Dust Explosion 0.25 to 2.00 0.00
Pressure Operating pressure psig
Relief setting ________ psig
0.00
Low temperature 0.20 to 0.30 0.00
Quantity of flammable / unstable material
1. Liquids or gases in process 0.00
2. Liquids or gases in storage 0.00 3. Combustible Solids in Storage, Dust in
Process
0.00
Corrosion & Erosion 0.10 to 0.75 0.10
Leakage - Joints & Packing 0.10 to 1.50 0.00
Use of Fired Equipment 0.00
Hot oil heat exchange system 0.15 to 1.15 0.00
Rotating Equipment 0.50 0.00
Special Process Hazard Factor ( F2 ) 1.7
Process Unit Hazard Factor ( F3 = F1 x F2) 2.975
Fire & Explosion Index (F.& E.I.= F3 x M.F. ) 41.65
Degree of Hazard Light
Radius of Exposure 34.98 ft
Area of Exposure 3842.1 ft2
Degree of Hazard for F & EI
Degree of Hazard for F & EI
F & EI Index Range Degree of Hazard
1-60 Light
61-96 Moderate
97-127 Intermediate
128-158 Heavy
159-up Severe
Annexure Pest Control India Pvt. Ltd.
RECOMMENDED MINIMUM FEATURES ACCORDING TO DOW FIRE AND EXPLOSION INDEX
Preventive & Protective
Features
Fire & Explosion Index Number Index for the present case
0-20 20-40 40-60 60-75 75-90 >90 41.6
Feature
optional
Suggested Recomme
nded
Feature
require
d
1) Fireproofing 1 2 2 3 4 4 √
2) Water spray
a) directional 1 2 3 3 4 4 √
b) area 1 2 3 3 4 4 √
c) curtain 1 1 2 2 2 4 √
3) Special instrumentation
a) temperature 1 2 3 3 4 4 √
b) pressure 1 2 3 3 3 4 √
c) flow control 1 2 3 4 4 4 √
4) Dust, blowdown, spill
control
1 1 2 3 3 4 √
5) Internal examination 1 2 3 3 4 4 √
6) Combustible gas
monitors
a) signal alarm 1 1 2 3 3 4 √
b) actuate equipment 1 1 2 2 3 4 √
7) Remote operation 1 1 2 3 3 4 √
8) Diking, (Not Applicable as
barrel storage)
1 4 4 4 4 4
9) Blast & barrier walls
separation
1 1 2 3 4 4 √
1)Feature optional 2) Feature suggested 3) Feature recommended 4) Feature required
Annexure Pest Control India Pvt. Ltd.
4. Benzaldehyde
Tank No. -- Equipment Name Benzaldehyde (60 lit in Carboy)
Basic Material for Material factor 10 Density, kg/l 1.04
Properties of material
N h 2 N f 2 N r 0 M.F. 10
Boil. pt. 354 0F 179 0C Flash pt. 148 0F 64.4 0C
HC = Heat of Comb. 13700 BTU / lb
Quantity of the material 60 l 62.4 kg 137.5 Lb
Storage conditions Temp 25 0C Pressure 1.0 Bar
Penalty factor
range
Penalty factor used
1.General Process
Hazard
Base Factor 1.00 1.00
Exothermic Chemical Reaction 0.30 to 1.25 0.00
Endothermic Processes 0.20 to 0.40 0.00
Material handling and transfer 0.25 to 1.05 0.25
Enclosed or Indoor Process Units 0.25 to 0.90 0.00
Access 0.20 to 0.35 0.00
Drainage and Spill Control 0.25 to 0.50 0.50
General Process Hazard Factor ( F1 ) 1.75
2.Special Process
Hazard
Base Factor 1.00 1.00
Toxic material(s) 0.20 to 0.80 0.40
Sub atmospheric pressure (< 500 mm Hg) 0.50 0.00
Operation in or near flammable range
_____inerted ______noninerted
0.00 to 0.80
1. Tank farm storage flammable liquids 0.50 0.00
2. Process upset or purge failure 0.30 0.00
3. Always in contact of Flame
process
0.80 0.00
Dust Explosion 0.25 to 2.00 0.00
Pressure Operating pressure psig
Relief setting ________ psig
0.00
Low temperature 0.20 to 0.30 0.00
Quantity of flammable / unstable material
1. Liquids or gases in process 0.00
2. Liquids or gases in storage 0.00 3. Combustible Solids in Storage, Dust in
Process
0.00
Corrosion & Erosion 0.10 to 0.75 0.10
Leakage - Joints & Packing 0.10 to 1.50 0.00
Use of Fired Equipment 0.00
Hot oil heat exchange system 0.15 to 1.15 0.00
Rotating Equipment 0.50 0.00
Special Process Hazard Factor ( F2 ) 1.5
Process Unit Hazard Factor ( F3 = F1 x F2) 2.625
Annexure Pest Control India Pvt. Ltd.
Fire & Explosion Index (F.& E.I.= F3 x M.F. ) 26.25
Degree of Hazard Light
Radius of Exposure 22 ft
Area of Exposure 1519.7 ft2
Degree of Hazard for F & EI
Degree of Hazard for F & EI
F & EI Index Range Degree of Hazard
1-60 Light
61-96 Moderate
97-127 Intermediate
128-158 Heavy
159-up Severe
RECOMMENDED MINIMUM FEATURES ACCORDING TO DOW FIRE AND EXPLOSION INDEX
Preventive & Protective
Features
Fire & Explosion Index Number Index for the present case
0-20 20-40 40-60 60-75 75-90 >90 26.25
Feature
optional
Suggested Recomme
nded
Feature
required
1) Fireproofing 1 2 2 3 4 4 √
2) Water spray
a) directional 1 2 3 3 4 4 √
b) area 1 2 3 3 4 4 √
c) curtain 1 1 2 2 2 4 √
3) Special instrumentation
a) temperature 1 2 3 3 4 4 √
b) pressure 1 2 3 3 3 4 √
c) flow control 1 2 3 4 4 4 √
4) Dust, blowdown, spill
control
1 1 2 3 3 4 √
√
5) Internal examination 1 2 3 3 4 4
6) Combustible gas
monitors
a) signal alarm 1 1 2 3 3 4 √
b) actuate equipment 1 1 2 2 3 4 √
7) Remote operation 1 1 2 3 3 4 √
8) Diking, (Not Applicable 1 4 4 4 4 4
Annexure Pest Control India Pvt. Ltd.
as barrel storage)
9) Blast & barrier walls
separation
1 1 2 3 4 4 √
1)Feature optional 2) Feature suggested 3) Feature recommended 4) Feature required
5. Toluene
Tank No. -- Equipment Name Toluene (200 kg Drums X 4 nos)
Basic Material for Material factor 16 Density, kg/l 0.86
Properties of material
N h 2 N f 3 N r 0 M.F. 16
Boil. pt. 231 0F 110.6 0C Flash pt. 40 0F 4.4 0C
HC = Heat of Comb. 17400 BTU / lb
Quantity of the material 930 l 800 kg 1763.7 Lb
Storage conditions Temp 25 0C Pressure 1.0 Bar
Penalty factor
range
Penalty factor used
1.General Process
Hazard
Base Factor 1.00 1.00
Exothermic Chemical Reaction 0.30 to 1.25 0.00
Endothermic Processes 0.20 to 0.40 0.00
Material handling and transfer 0.25 to 1.05 0.85
Enclosed or Indoor Process Units 0.25 to 0.90 0.00
Access 0.20 to 0.35 0.00
Drainage and Spill Control 0.25 to 0.50 0.50
General Process Hazard Factor ( F1 ) 2.35
2.Special Process
Hazard
Base Factor 1.00 1.00
Toxic material(s) 0.20 to 0.80 0.40
Sub atmospheric pressure (< 500 mm Hg) 0.50 0.00
Operation in or near flammable range
_____inerted ______noninerted
0.00 to 0.80
1. Tank farm storage flammable liquids 0.50 0.00
2. Process upset or purge failure 0.30 0.00
3. Always in contact of Flame
process
0.80 0.00
Dust Explosion 0.25 to 2.00 0.00
Pressure Operating pressure psig
Relief setting ________ psig
0.00
Low temperature 0.20 to 0.30 0.00
Quantity of flammable / unstable material
1. Liquids or gases in process 0.00
2. Liquids or gases in storage 0.00
3. Combustible Solids in Storage, Dust in
Process
0.00
Corrosion & Erosion 0.10 to 0.75 0.10
Annexure Pest Control India Pvt. Ltd.
Leakage - Joints & Packing 0.10 to 1.50 0.00
Use of Fired Equipment 0.00
Hot oil heat exchange system 0.15 to 1.15 0.00
Rotating Equipment 0.50 0.00
Special Process Hazard Factor ( F2 ) 1.5
Process Unit Hazard Factor ( F3 = F1 x F2) 3.525
Fire & Explosion Index (F.& E.I.= F3 x M.F. ) 56.4
Degree of Hazard Light
Radius of Exposure 47.37 ft
Area of Exposure 7045.8 ft2
Degree of Hazard for F & EI
Degree of Hazard for F & EI
F & EI Index Range Degree of Hazard
1-60 Light
61-96 Moderate
97-127 Intermediate
128-158 Heavy
159-up Severe
RECOMMENDED MINIMUM FEATURES ACCORDING TO DOW FIRE AND EXPLOSION INDEX
Preventive & Protective
Features
Fire & Explosion Index Number Index for the present case
0-20 20-40 40-60 60-75 75-90 >90 56.4
Feature
optional
Suggested Recomme
nded
Feature
required
1) Fireproofing 1 2 2 3 4 4 √
2) Water spray
a) directional 1 2 3 3 4 4 √
b) area 1 2 3 3 4 4 √
c) curtain 1 1 2 2 2 4 √
3) Special instrumentation
a) temperature 1 2 3 3 4 4 √
b) pressure 1 2 3 3 3 4 √
c) flow control 1 2 3 4 4 4 √
4) Dust, blowdown, spill
control
1 1 2 3 3 4 √
5) Internal examination 1 2 3 3 4 4 √
6) Combustible gas
Annexure Pest Control India Pvt. Ltd.
monitors
a) signal alarm 1 1 2 3 3 4 √
b) actuate equipment 1 1 2 2 3 4 √
7) Remote operation 1 1 2 3 3 4 √
8) Diking, (Not Applicable
as barrel storage)
1 4 4 4 4 4
9) Blast & barrier walls
separation
1 1 2 3 4 4 √
1)Feature optional 2) Feature suggested 3) Feature recommended 4) Feature required
6. 1,4- Dioxane
Tank No. -- Equipment Name 1,4 - Dioxane (200 kg Drums X 8 nos)
Basic Material for Material factor 16 Density, kg/l 1.03
Properties of material
N h 2 N f 3 N r 1 M.F. 16
Boil. pt. 214 0F 101.1 0C Flash pt. 53.6 0F 12 0C
HC = Heat of Comb. 9100 BTU / lb
Quantity of the material 1553.3 l 1600 kg 3527.4 Lb
Storage conditions Temp 25 0C Pressure 1.0 Bar
Penalty factor
range
Penalty factor used
1.General Process
Hazard
Base Factor 1.00 1.00
Exothermic Chemical Reaction 0.30 to 1.25 0.00
Endothermic Processes 0.20 to 0.40 0.00
Material handling and transfer 0.25 to 1.05 0.85
Enclosed or Indoor Process Units 0.25 to 0.90 0.00
Access 0.20 to 0.35 0.00
Drainage and Spill Control 0.25 to 0.50 0.50
General Process Hazard Factor ( F1 ) 2.35
2.Special Process
Hazard
Base Factor 1.00 1.00
Toxic material(s) 0.20 to 0.80 0.40
Sub atmospheric pressure (< 500 mm Hg) 0.50 0.00
Operation in or near flammable range
_____inerted ______noninerted
0.00 to 0.80
1. Tank farm storage flammable liquids 0.50 0.00
2. Process upset or purge failure 0.30 0.00
3. Always in contact of Flame
process
0.80 0.00
Dust Explosion 0.25 to 2.00 0.00
Pressure Operating pressure psig
Relief setting ________ psig
0.00
Annexure Pest Control India Pvt. Ltd.
Low temperature 0.20 to 0.30 0.00
Quantity of flammable / unstable material
1. Liquids or gases in process 0.00
2. Liquids or gases in storage 0.00
3. Combustible Solids in Storage, Dust in
Process
0.00
Corrosion & Erosion 0.10 to 0.75 0.10
Leakage - Joints & Packing 0.10 to 1.50 0.00
Use of Fired Equipment 0.00
Hot oil heat exchange system 0.15 to 1.15 0.00
Rotating Equipment 0.50 0.00
Special Process Hazard Factor ( F2 ) 1.5
Process Unit Hazard Factor ( F3 = F1 x F2) 3.525
Fire & Explosion Index (F.& E.I.= F3 x M.F. ) 56.4
Degree of Hazard Light
Radius of Exposure 47.37 ft
Area of Exposure 7045.8 ft2
Degree of Hazard for F & EI
Degree of Hazard for F & EI
F & EI Index Range Degree of Hazard
1-60 Light
61-96 Moderate
97-127 Intermediate
128-158 Heavy
159-up Severe
RECOMMENDED MINIMUM FEATURES ACCORDING TO DOW FIRE AND EXPLOSION INDEX
Preventive & Protective
Features
Fire & Explosion Index Number Index for the present case
0-20 20-40 40-60 60-75 75-90 >90 56.4
Feature
optional
Suggested Recomme
nded
Feature
required
1) Fireproofing 1 2 2 3 4 4 √
2) Water spray
a) directional 1 2 3 3 4 4 √
b) area 1 2 3 3 4 4 √
c) curtain 1 1 2 2 2 4 √
3) Special instrumentation
a) temperature 1 2 3 3 4 4 √
b) pressure 1 2 3 3 3 4 √
c) flow control 1 2 3 4 4 4 √
Annexure Pest Control India Pvt. Ltd.
4) Dust, blowdown, spill
control
1 1 2 3 3 4 √
5) Internal examination 1 2 3 3 4 4 √
6) Combustible gas
monitors
a) signal alarm 1 1 2 3 3 4 √
b) actuate equipment 1 1 2 2 3 4 √
7) Remote operation 1 1 2 3 3 4 √
8) Diking, (Not Applicable
as barrel storage)
1 4 4 4 4 4
9) Blast & barrier walls
separation
1 1 2 3 4 4 √
1)Feature optional 2) Feature suggested 3) Feature recommended 4) Feature required
7. Ethylene Di Chloride
Tank No. -- Equipment Name Ethylene Di Chloride (200 kg Drums X 15
nos)
Basic Material for Material factor 16 Density, kg/l 1.25
Properties of material
N h 2 N f 3 N r 0 M.F. 16
Boil. pt. 182.3 0F 83.5 0C Flash pt. 55.4 0F 13 0C
HC = Heat of Comb. 4600 BTU / lb
Quantity of the material 2400 l 3000 kg 6613.86 Lb
Storage conditions Temp 25 0C Pressure 1.0 Bar
Penalty factor
range
Penalty factor used
1.General Process
Hazard
Base Factor 1.00 1.00
Exothermic Chemical Reaction 0.30 to 1.25 0.00
Endothermic Processes 0.20 to 0.40 0.00
Material handling and transfer 0.25 to 1.05 0.85
Enclosed or Indoor Process Units 0.25 to 0.90 0.00
Access 0.20 to 0.35 0.00
Drainage and Spill Control 0.25 to 0.50 0.50
General Process Hazard Factor ( F1 ) 2.35
2.Special Process
Hazard
Base Factor 1.00 1.00
Toxic material(s) 0.20 to 0.80 0.40
Sub atmospheric pressure (< 500 mm Hg) 0.50 0.00
Operation in or near flammable range
_____inerted ______noninerted
0.00 to 0.80
Annexure Pest Control India Pvt. Ltd.
1. Tank farm storage flammable liquids 0.50 0.00
2. Process upset or purge failure 0.30 0.00
3. Always in contact of Flame
process
0.80 0.00
Dust Explosion 0.25 to 2.00 0.00
Pressure Operating pressure psig
Relief setting ________ psig
0.00
Low temperature 0.20 to 0.30 0.00
Quantity of flammable / unstable material
1. Liquids or gases in process 0.00
2. Liquids or gases in storage 0.00
3. Combustible Solids in Storage, Dust in
Process
0.00
Corrosion & Erosion 0.10 to 0.75 0.10
Leakage - Joints & Packing 0.10 to 1.50 0.00
Use of Fired Equipment 0.00
Hot oil heat exchange system 0.15 to 1.15 0.00
Rotating Equipment 0.50 0.00
Special Process Hazard Factor ( F2 ) 1.5
Process Unit Hazard Factor ( F3 = F1 x F2) 3.525
Fire & Explosion Index (F.& E.I.= F3 x M.F. ) 56.4
Degree of Hazard Light
Radius of Exposure 47.37 ft
Area of Exposure 7045.8 ft2
Degree of Hazard for F & EI
Degree of Hazard for F & EI
F & EI Index Range Degree of Hazard
1-60 Light
61-96 Moderate
97-127 Intermediate
128-158 Heavy
159-up Severe
RECOMMENDED MINIMUM FEATURES ACCORDING TO DOW FIRE AND EXPLOSION INDEX
Preventive & Protective
Features
Fire & Explosion Index Number Index for the present case
0-20 20-40 40-60 60-75 75-90 >90 56.4
Feature
optional
Suggested Recomme
nded
Feature
required
1) Fireproofing 1 2 2 3 4 4 √
2) Water spray
a) directional 1 2 3 3 4 4 √
Annexure Pest Control India Pvt. Ltd.
b) area 1 2 3 3 4 4 √
c) curtain 1 1 2 2 2 4 √
3) Special instrumentation
a) temperature 1 2 3 3 4 4 √
b) pressure 1 2 3 3 3 4 √
c) flow control 1 2 3 4 4 4 √
4) Dust, blowdown, spill
control
1 1 2 3 3 4 √
5) Internal examination 1 2 3 3 4 4 √
6) Combustible gas
monitors
a) signal alarm 1 1 2 3 3 4 √
b) actuate equipment 1 1 2 2 3 4 √
7) Remote operation 1 1 2 3 3 4 √
8) Diking, (Not Applicable
as barrel storage)
1 4 4 4 4 4
9) Blast & barrier walls
separation
1 1 2 3 4 4 √
1) Feature optional 2) Feature suggested 3) Feature recommended 4) Feature required
8. Iso Propyl Alcohol
Tank No. -- Equipment Name Iso Propyl Alcohol ( 200 kg Drum X 9
Nos)
Basic Material for Material factor 16 Density, kg/l 0.785
Properties of material
N h 1 N f 3 N r 0 M.F. 16
Boil. pt. 180.5 0F 82.5 0C Flash pt. 53 0F 11.6 0C
HC = Heat of Comb. 13100 BTU / lb
Quantity of the material 2293 l 1800 kg 3968.3 Lb
Storage conditions Temp 25 0C Pressure 1.0 Bar
Penalty factor
range
Penalty factor used
1.General Process
Hazard
Base Factor 1.00 1.00
Exothermic Chemical Reaction 0.30 to 1.25 0.00
Endothermic Processes 0.20 to 0.40 0.00
Material handling and transfer 0.25 to 1.05 0.85
Enclosed or Indoor Process Units 0.25 to 0.90 0.00
Access 0.20 to 0.35 0.00
Annexure Pest Control India Pvt. Ltd.
Drainage and Spill Control 0.25 to 0.50 0.50
General Process Hazard Factor ( F1 ) 2.35
2.Special Process
Hazard
Base Factor 1.00 1.00
Toxic material(s) 0.20 to 0.80 0.20
Sub atmospheric pressure (< 500 mm Hg) 0.50 0.00
Operation in or near flammable range
_____inerted ______noninerted
0.00 to 0.80
1. Tank farm storage flammable liquids 0.50 0.00
2. Process upset or purge failure 0.30 0.00
3. Always in contact of Flame
process
0.80 0.00
Dust Explosion 0.25 to 2.00 0.00
Pressure Operating pressure psig
Relief setting ________ psig
0.00
Low temperature 0.20 to 0.30 0.00
Quantity of flammable / unstable material
1. Liquids or gases in process 0.00
2. Liquids or gases in storage 0.00
3. Combustible Solids in Storage, Dust in
Process
0.00
Corrosion & Erosion 0.10 to 0.75 0.10
Leakage - Joints & Packing 0.10 to 1.50 0.00
Use of Fired Equipment 0.00
Hot oil heat exchange system 0.15 to 1.15 0.00
Rotating Equipment 0.50 0.00
Special Process Hazard Factor ( F2 ) 1.3
Process Unit Hazard Factor ( F3 = F1 x F2) 3.05
Fire & Explosion Index (F.& E.I.= F3 x M.F. ) 48.8
Degree of Hazard Light
Radius of Exposure 41 ft
Area of Exposure 5278.3 ft2
Degree of Hazard for F & EI
Degree of Hazard for F & EI
F & EI Index Range Degree of Hazard
1-60 Light
61-96 Moderate
97-127 Intermediate
128-158 Heavy
159-up Severe
Annexure Pest Control India Pvt. Ltd.
RECOMMENDED MINIMUM FEATURES ACCORDING TO DOW FIRE AND EXPLOSION INDEX
Preventive & Protective
Features
Fire & Explosion Index Number Index for the present case
0-20 20-40 40-60 60-75 75-90 >90 48.8
Feature
optional
Suggested Recomme
nded
Feature
required
1) Fireproofing 1 2 2 3 4 4 √
2) Water spray
a) directional 1 2 3 3 4 4 √
b) area 1 2 3 3 4 4 √
c) curtain 1 1 2 2 2 4 √
3) Special instrumentation
a) temperature 1 2 3 3 4 4 √
b) pressure 1 2 3 3 3 4 √
c) flow control 1 2 3 4 4 4 √
4) Dust, blowdown, spill
control
1 1 2 3 3 4 √
5) Internal examination 1 2 3 3 4 4 √
6) Combustible gas
monitors
a) signal alarm 1 1 2 3 3 4 √
b) actuate equipment 1 1 2 2 3 4 √
7) Remote operation 1 1 2 3 3 4 √
8) Diking, (Not Applicable
as barrel storage)
1 4 4 4 4 4 √
9) Blast & barrier walls
separation
1 1 2 3 4 4 √
1) Feature optional 2) Feature suggested 3) Feature recommended 4) Feature required
Annexure Pest Control India Pvt. Ltd.
9. Methanol
Tank No. -- Equipment Name Methanol ( 200 kg Drum X 10 Nos)
Basic Material for Material factor 16 Density, kg/l 0.791
Properties of material
N h 1 N f 3 N r 0 M.F. 16
Boil. pt. 148.1 0F 64.5 0C Flash pt. 53.6 0F 12 0C
HC = Heat of Comb. 8600 BTU / lb
Quantity of the material 2531.6 l 2000 kg 4409.2 Lb
Storage conditions Temp 25 0C Pressure 1.0 Bar
Penalty factor
range
Penalty factor used
1.General Process
Hazard
Base Factor 1.00 1.00
Exothermic Chemical Reaction 0.30 to 1.25 0.00
Endothermic Processes 0.20 to 0.40 0.00
Material handling and transfer 0.25 to 1.05 0.85
Enclosed or Indoor Process Units 0.25 to 0.90 0.00
Access 0.20 to 0.35 0.00
Drainage and Spill Control 0.25 to 0.50 0.50
General Process Hazard Factor ( F1 ) 2.35
2.Special Process
Hazard
Base Factor 1.00 1.00
Toxic material(s) 0.20 to 0.80 0.20
Sub atmospheric pressure (< 500 mm Hg) 0.50 0.00
Operation in or near flammable range
_____inerted ______noninerted
0.00 to 0.80
1. Tank farm storage flammable liquids 0.50 0.00
2. Process upset or purge failure 0.30 0.00
3. Always in contact of Flame
process
0.80 0.00
Dust Explosion 0.25 to 2.00 0.00
Pressure Operating pressure psig
Relief setting ________ psig
0.00
Low temperature 0.20 to 0.30 0.00
Quantity of flammable / unstable material
1. Liquids or gases in process 0.00
2. Liquids or gases in storage 0.00
3. Combustible Solids in Storage, Dust in
Process
0.00
Corrosion & Erosion 0.10 to 0.75 0.10
Leakage - Joints & Packing 0.10 to 1.50 0.00
Use of Fired Equipment 0.00
Hot oil heat exchange system 0.15 to 1.15 0.00
Rotating Equipment 0.50 0.00
Special Process Hazard Factor ( F2 ) 1.3
Annexure Pest Control India Pvt. Ltd.
Process Unit Hazard Factor ( F3 = F1 x F2) 3.05
Fire & Explosion Index (F.& E.I.= F3 x M.F. ) 48.8
Degree of Hazard Light
Radius of Exposure 41 ft
Area of Exposure 5278.3 ft2
Degree of Hazard for F & EI
Degree of Hazard for F & EI
F & EI Index Range Degree of Hazard
1-60 Light
61-96 Moderate
97-127 Intermediate
128-158 Heavy
159-up Severe
RECOMMENDED MINIMUM FEATURES ACCORDING TO DOW FIRE AND EXPLOSION INDEX
Preventive & Protective
Features
Fire & Explosion Index Number Index for the present case
0-20 20-40 40-60 60-75 75-90 >90 48.8
Feature
optional
Suggested Recomme
nded
Feature
required
1) Fireproofing 1 2 2 3 4 4 √
2) Water spray
a) directional 1 2 3 3 4 4 √
b) area 1 2 3 3 4 4 √
c) curtain 1 1 2 2 2 4 √
3) Special instrumentation
a) temperature 1 2 3 3 4 4 √
b) pressure 1 2 3 3 3 4 √
c) flow control 1 2 3 4 4 4 √
4) Dust, blowdown, spill
control
1 1 2 3 3 4 √
5) Internal examination 1 2 3 3 4 4 √
6) Combustible gas
monitors
a) signal alarm 1 1 2 3 3 4 √
b) actuate equipment 1 1 2 2 3 4 √
7) Remote operation 1 1 2 3 3 4 √
Annexure Pest Control India Pvt. Ltd.
8) Diking, (Not Applicable
as barrel storage)
1 4 4 4 4 4 √
9) Blast & barrier walls
separation
1 1 2 3 4 4 √
1) Feature optional 2) Feature suggested 3) Feature recommended 4) Feature required
10. Petroleum Ether
Tank No. -- Equipment Name Petroleum ether ( 200 kg Drum X 4 Nos)
Basic Material for Material factor 21 Density, kg/l 0.653
Properties of material
N h 1 N f 4 N r 0 M.F. 21
Boil. pt. 140 0F 60 0C Flash pt. 0 0F -18 0C
HC = Heat of Comb. 19200 BTU / lb
Quantity of the material 1225.1 l 800 kg 1763.7 Lb
Storage conditions Temp 25 0C Pressure 1.0 Bar
Penalty factor
range
Penalty factor used
1.General Process
Hazard
Base Factor 1.00 1.00
Exothermic Chemical Reaction 0.30 to 1.25 0.00
Endothermic Processes 0.20 to 0.40 0.00
Material handling and transfer 0.25 to 1.05 0.85
Enclosed or Indoor Process Units 0.25 to 0.90 0.00
Access 0.20 to 0.35 0.00
Drainage and Spill Control 0.25 to 0.50 0.50
General Process Hazard Factor ( F1 ) 2.35
2.Special Process
Hazard
Base Factor 1.00 1.00
Toxic material(s) 0.20 to 0.80 0.20
Sub atmospheric pressure (< 500 mm Hg) 0.50 0.00
Operation in or near flammable range
_____inerted ______noninerted
0.00 to 0.80
1. Tank farm storage flammable liquids 0.50 0.00
2. Process upset or purge failure 0.30 0.00
3. Always in contact of Flame
process
0.80 0.00
Dust Explosion 0.25 to 2.00 0.00
Pressure Operating pressure psig
Relief setting ________ psig
0.00
Low temperature 0.20 to 0.30 0.00
Quantity of flammable / unstable material
1. Liquids or gases in process 0.00
2. Liquids or gases in storage 0.00
Annexure Pest Control India Pvt. Ltd.
3. Combustible Solids in Storage, Dust in
Process
0.00
Corrosion & Erosion 0.10 to 0.75 0.10
Leakage - Joints & Packing 0.10 to 1.50 0.00
Use of Fired Equipment 0.00
Hot oil heat exchange system 0.15 to 1.15 0.00
Rotating Equipment 0.50 0.00
Special Process Hazard Factor ( F2 ) 1.3
Process Unit Hazard Factor ( F3 = F1 x F2) 3.05
Fire & Explosion Index (F.& E.I.= F3 x M.F. ) 64.15
Degree of Hazard Moderate
Radius of Exposure 54 ft
Area of Exposure 9156.24 ft2
Degree of Hazard for F & EI
Degree of Hazard for F & EI
F & EI Index Range Degree of Hazard
1-60 Light
61-96 Moderate
97-127 Intermediate
128-158 Heavy
159-up Severe
RECOMMENDED MINIMUM FEATURES ACCORDING TO DOW FIRE AND EXPLOSION INDEX
Preventive & Protective
Features
Fire & Explosion Index Number Index for the present case
0-20 20-40 40-60 60-75 75-90 >90 64.15
Feature
optional
Suggested Recomme
nded
Feature
required
1) Fireproofing 1 2 2 3 4 4 √
2) Water spray
a) directional 1 2 3 3 4 4 √
b) area 1 2 3 3 4 4 √
c) curtain 1 1 2 2 2 4 √
3) Special instrumentation
a) temperature 1 2 3 3 4 4 √
b) pressure 1 2 3 3 3 4 √
c) flow control 1 2 3 4 4 4 √
4) Dust, blowdown, spill
control
1 1 2 3 3 4 √
Annexure Pest Control India Pvt. Ltd.
5) Internal examination 1 2 3 3 4 4 √
6) Combustible gas
monitors
a) signal alarm 1 1 2 3 3 4 √
b) actuate equipment 1 1 2 2 3 4 √
7) Remote operation 1 1 2 3 3 4 √
8) Diking, (Not Applicable
as barrel storage)
1 4 4 4 4 4
9) Blast & barrier walls
separation
1 1 2 3 4 4 √
1) Feature optional 2) Feature suggested 3) Feature recommended 4) Feature required
Annexure Pest Control India Pvt. Ltd.
Annexure: 7.4
TOXICITY INDEX (MONDS INDEX)
Methodology:
Toxicity Index : Th + Ts (1+GPH+SPH)
100
Where, SPH = Special Process Hazard
GPH = General Process Hazard
Th = Toxicity factor based on the NFPA hazard index (0 – 4)
Ts = Correction factor (additional penalty) for toxicity based on Maximum
Allowable Concentration (MAC) value in ppm
Th (Toxicity Factor): For Acetic acid will be 250 from the table no. 6.6 as the Nh factor for
Acetic acid is 3
Ts (Correction Factor): For Acetic acid will be 75 from the table no. 6.7 as the MAC is 10 ppm
Table No. Toxicity factor Index
NFPA Index Number Toxicity Factor (Th)
0 0
1 50
2 125
3 250
4 325
Annexure Pest Control India Pvt. Ltd.
Table : Correction factor for Toxicity
MAC (in ppm) Ts
5 and below 125
Between 5 and 50 75
50 and more 50
Table Toxicity Index
The resulting TI values are ranked into three categories:
1-5 Light
6-9 Moderate
10-up High
Annexure Pest Control India Pvt. Ltd.
1) Monds Index of Acetic Acid
General & Special Process Hazard
1.General Process
Hazard
Base Factor 1.00 1.00
Exothermic Chemical Reaction 0.30 to 1.25 0.00
Endothermic Processes 0.20 to 0.40 0.00
Material handling and transfer 0.25 to 1.05 0.25
Enclosed or Indoor Process Units 0.25 to 0.90 0.00
Access 0.20 to 0.35 0.00
Drainage and Spill Control 0.25 to 0.50 0.50
General Process Hazard Factor ( F1 ) 1.75
2.Special Process
Hazard
Base Factor 1.00 1.00
Toxic material(s) 0.20 to 0.80 0.60
Sub atmospheric pressure (< 500 mm
Hg)
0.50 0.00
Operation in or near flammable range
_____inerted ______noninerted
0.00 to 0.80
1. Tank farm storage flammable
liquids
0.50 0.00
2. Process upset or purge failure 0.30 0.00
3. Always in Flammable range
process
0.80 0.00
Dust Explosion 0.25 to 2.00 0.00
Pressure Operating pressure psig
Relief setting ________
psig
0.00
Low temperature 0.20 to 0.30 0.00
Quantity of flammable / unstable
material
1. Liquids or gases in process 0.00
2. Liquids or gases in storage 0.00
3. Combustible Solids in Storage, Dust
in Process
0.00
Corrosion & Erosion 0.10 to 0.75 0.10
Leakage - Joints & Packing 0.10 to 1.50 0.00
Use of Fired Equipment 0.00
Hot oil heat exchange system 0.15 to 1.15 0.00
Rotating Equipment 0.50 0.00
Special Process Hazard Factor ( F2 ) 1.7
Annexure Pest Control India Pvt. Ltd.
Therefore from the above table the GPH and SPH is coming to be around 1.75 and 1.7
respectively.
Calculation of Toxicity Index:
Toxicity Index : Th + Ts (1+GPH+SPH)
100
Toxicity Index : [250 + 75 (1 + 1.75 + 1.7)]/100
Toxicity Index : 5.83
The Toxicity Index for acetic acid is calculated to be around 5.83 which indicate that the degree
of hazard is moderate from table no. 7.23
2) Monds Index of Bromine
General & Special Process Hazard
1.General Process
Hazard
Base Factor 1.00 1.00
Exothermic Chemical Reaction 0.30 to 1.25 0.00
Endothermic Processes 0.20 to 0.40 0.00
Material handling and transfer 0.25 to 1.05 0.00
Enclosed or Indoor Process Units 0.25 to 0.90 0.00
Access 0.20 to 0.35 0.00
Drainage and Spill Control 0.25 to 0.50 0.50
General Process Hazard Factor ( F1 ) 1.50
2.Special Process
Hazard
Base Factor 1.00 1.00
Toxic material(s) 0.20 to 0.80 0.60
Sub atmospheric pressure (< 500 mm
Hg)
0.50 0.00
Operation in or near flammable range
_____inerted ______noninerted
0.00 to 0.80
1. Tank farm storage flammable
liquids
0.50 0.00
2. Process upset or purge failure 0.30 0.00
3. Always in Flammable range
process
0.80 0.00
Dust Explosion 0.25 to 2.00 0.00
Pressure Operating pressure psig
Relief setting ________
psig
0.00
Low temperature 0.20 to 0.30 0.00
Quantity of flammable / unstable
material
Annexure Pest Control India Pvt. Ltd.
1. Liquids or gases in process 0.00
2. Liquids or gases in storage 0.00
3. Combustible Solids in Storage, Dust
in Process
0.00
Corrosion & Erosion 0.10 to 0.75 0.10
Leakage - Joints & Packing 0.10 to 1.50 0.00
Use of Fired Equipment 0.00
Hot oil heat exchange system 0.15 to 1.15 0.00
Rotating Equipment 0.50 0.00
Special Process Hazard Factor ( F2 ) 1.70
Therefore from the above table the GPH and SPH is coming to be around 1.50 and 1.70
respectively.
Calculation of Toxicity Index:
Toxicity Index : Th + Ts (1+GPH+SPH)
100
Toxicity Index : [250 + 125 (1 + 1.50 + 1.70)]/100
Toxicity Index : 7.75
The Toxicity Index for Benzene is calculated to be around 7.75 which indicate that the degree of
hazard is moderate from table no. 7.23
3) Monds Index of Biphenyl
General & Special Process Hazard
1.General Process
Hazard
Base Factor 1.00 1.00
Exothermic Chemical Reaction 0.30 to 1.25 0.00
Endothermic Processes 0.20 to 0.40 0.00
Material handling and transfer 0.25 to 1.05 0.25
Enclosed or Indoor Process Units 0.25 to 0.90 0.00
Access 0.20 to 0.35 0.00
Drainage and Spill Control 0.25 to 0.50 0.50
General Process Hazard Factor ( F1 ) 1.75
2.Special Process
Hazard
Base Factor 1.00 1.00
Toxic material(s) 0.20 to 0.80 0.40
Sub atmospheric pressure (< 500 mm
Hg)
0.50 0.00
Annexure Pest Control India Pvt. Ltd.
Operation in or near flammable range
_____inerted ______noninerted
0.00 to 0.80
1. Tank farm storage flammable
liquids
0.50 0.0
2. Process upset or purge failure 0.30 0.00
3. Always in Flammable range
process
0.80 0.00
Dust Explosion 0.25 to 2.00 0.00
Pressure Operating pressure psig
Relief setting ________
psig
0.00
Low temperature 0.20 to 0.30 0.00
Quantity of flammable / unstable
material
1. Liquids or gases in process 0.00
2. Liquids or gases in storage 0.00
3. Combustible Solids in Storage, Dust
in Process
0.00
Corrosion & Erosion 0.10 to 0.75 0.10
Leakage - Joints & Packing 0.10 to 1.50 0.00
Use of Fired Equipment 0.00
Hot oil heat exchange system 0.15 to 1.15 0.00
Rotating Equipment 0.50 0.00
Special Process Hazard Factor ( F2 ) 1.5
Therefore from the above table the GPH and SPH is coming to be around 1.75 and 1.5
respectively.
Calculation of Toxicity Index:
Toxicity Index : Th + Ts (1+GPH+SPH)
100
Toxicity Index : [125 + 125 (1 + 1.75 + 1.5)]/100
Toxicity Index : 6.56
The Toxicity Index for Biphenyl is calculated to be around 6.56 which indicate that the degree of
hazard is moderate from table no. 7.23
Annexure Pest Control India Pvt. Ltd.
4) Monds Index of Hydrochloric Acid
General & Special Process Hazard
1.General Process
Hazard
Base Factor 1.00 1.00
Exothermic Chemical Reaction 0.30 to 1.25 0.00
Endothermic Processes 0.20 to 0.40 0.00
Material handling and transfer 0.25 to 1.05 0.00
Enclosed or Indoor Process Units 0.25 to 0.90 0.00
Access 0.20 to 0.35 0.00
Drainage and Spill Control 0.25 to 0.50 0.50
General Process Hazard Factor ( F1 ) 1.50
2.Special Process
Hazard
Base Factor 1.00 1.00
Toxic material(s) 0.20 to 0.80 0.60
Sub atmospheric pressure (< 500 mm
Hg)
0.50 0.00
Operation in or near flammable range
_____inerted ______noninerted
0.00 to 0.80
1. Tank farm storage flammable
liquids
0.50 0.0
2. Process upset or purge failure 0.30 0.00
3. Always in Flammable range
process
0.80 0.00
Dust Explosion 0.25 to 2.00 0.00
Pressure Operating pressure psig
Relief setting ________
psig
0.00
Low temperature 0.20 to 0.30 0.00
Quantity of flammable / unstable
material
1. Liquids or gases in process 0.00
2. Liquids or gases in storage 0.00
3. Combustible Solids in Storage, Dust
in Process
0.00
Corrosion & Erosion 0.10 to 0.75 0.10
Leakage - Joints & Packing 0.10 to 1.50 0.00
Use of Fired Equipment 0.00
Hot oil heat exchange system 0.15 to 1.15 0.00
Rotating Equipment 0.50 0.00
Special Process Hazard Factor ( F2 ) 1.7
Therefore from the above table the GPH and SPH is coming to be around 1.5 and 1.7 respectively.
Calculation of Toxicity Index:
Toxicity Index : Th + Ts (1+GPH+SPH)
100
Annexure Pest Control India Pvt. Ltd.
Toxicity Index : [250 + 125 (1 + 1.5 + 1.7)]/100
Toxicity Index : 7.75
The Toxicity Index for Hydrochloric Acid is calculated to be around 7.75 which indicate that the
degree of hazard is moderate from table no. 7.23
5) Monds Index of Peperidine
General & Special Process Hazard
1.General Process
Hazard
Base Factor 1.00 1.00
Exothermic Chemical Reaction 0.30 to 1.25 0.00
Endothermic Processes 0.20 to 0.40 0.00
Material handling and transfer 0.25 to 1.05 0.85
Enclosed or Indoor Process Units 0.25 to 0.90 0.00
Access 0.20 to 0.35 0.00
Drainage and Spill Control 0.25 to 0.50 0.50
General Process Hazard Factor ( F1 ) 2.35
2.Special Process
Hazard
Base Factor 1.00 1.00
Toxic material(s) 0.20 to 0.80 0.60
Sub atmospheric pressure (< 500 mm
Hg)
0.50 0.00
Operation in or near flammable range
_____inerted ______noninerted
0.00 to 0.80
1. Tank farm storage flammable
liquids
0.50 0.0
2. Process upset or purge failure 0.30 0.00
3. Always in Flammable range
process
0.80 0.00
Dust Explosion 0.25 to 2.00 0.00
Pressure Operating pressure psig
Relief setting ________
psig
0.00
Low temperature 0.20 to 0.30 0.00
Quantity of flammable / unstable
material
1. Liquids or gases in process 0.00
2. Liquids or gases in storage 0.00
3. Combustible Solids in Storage, Dust
in Process
0.00
Corrosion & Erosion 0.10 to 0.75 0.10
Leakage - Joints & Packing 0.10 to 1.50 0.00
Use of Fired Equipment 0.00
Hot oil heat exchange system 0.15 to 1.15 0.00
Rotating Equipment 0.50 0.00
Annexure Pest Control India Pvt. Ltd.
Special Process Hazard Factor ( F2 ) 1.7
Therefore from the above table the GPH and SPH is coming to be around 2.35 and 1.7
respectively.
Calculation of Toxicity Index:
Toxicity Index : Th + Ts (1+GPH+SPH)
100
Toxicity Index : [250 + 125 (1 + 2.35 + 1.7)]/100
Toxicity Index : 8.81
The Toxicity Index for Peperidine is calculated to be around 8.81 which indicate that the degree
of hazard is moderate from table no. 7.23
6) Monds Index of Sodium Methoxide
General & Special Process Hazard
1.General Process
Hazard
Base Factor 1.00 1.00
Exothermic Chemical Reaction 0.30 to 1.25 0.00
Endothermic Processes 0.20 to 0.40 0.00
Material handling and transfer 0.25 to 1.05 0.25
Enclosed or Indoor Process Units 0.25 to 0.90 0.00
Access 0.20 to 0.35 0.00
Drainage and Spill Control 0.25 to 0.50 0.50
General Process Hazard Factor ( F1 ) 1.75
2.Special Process
Hazard
Base Factor 1.00 1.00
Toxic material(s) 0.20 to 0.80 0.60
Sub atmospheric pressure (< 500 mm
Hg)
0.50 0.00
Operation in or near flammable range
_____inerted ______noninerted
0.00 to 0.80
1. Tank farm storage flammable
liquids
0.50 0.0
2. Process upset or purge failure 0.30 0.00
3. Always in Flammable range
process
0.80 0.00
Dust Explosion 0.25 to 2.00 0.00
Pressure Operating pressure psig
Relief setting ________
psig
0.00
Annexure Pest Control India Pvt. Ltd.
Low temperature 0.20 to 0.30 0.00
Quantity of flammable / unstable
material
1. Liquids or gases in process 0.00
2. Liquids or gases in storage 0.00
3. Combustible Solids in Storage, Dust
in Process
0.00
Corrosion & Erosion 0.10 to 0.75 0.10
Leakage - Joints & Packing 0.10 to 1.50 0.00
Use of Fired Equipment 0.00
Hot oil heat exchange system 0.15 to 1.15 0.00
Rotating Equipment 0.50 0.00
Special Process Hazard Factor ( F2 ) 1.7
Therefore from the above table the GPH and SPH is coming to be around 1.75 and 1.7
respectively.
Calculation of Toxicity Index:
Toxicity Index : Th + Ts (1+GPH+SPH)
100
Toxicity Index : [250 + 75 (1 + 1.75 + 1.7)]/100
Toxicity Index : 5.83
The Toxicity Index for Sodium Methoxide is calculated to be around 5.83 which indicate that the
degree of hazard is moderate from table no. 7.23
Annexure Pest Control India Pvt. Ltd.
Annexure: 10.1
Annexure Pest Control India Pvt. Ltd.
Annexure Pest Control India Pvt. Ltd.
Annexure Pest Control India Pvt. Ltd.
Annexure: 10.2
PEST CONTROL (INDIA) PVT LTD TALOJA
HEALTH, SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENT POLICY
Health, Safety and Environmental Protection ( HSE ) are part of our commitment
to conduct our activities in harmony with society and nature and without
compromising the health and safety of our stakeholders. We expect all our
employees to implement the HSE Policy.
We Integrate Health, Safety and Environmental Protection into our business strategies to add
value to the-enterprise, to manage risk and to enhance the reputation.
The health and safety of our employees, neighbors, customers and consumers, and the
Protection of the environmental are company.
Priorities consistently pursued throughout the Priorities consistently pursued throughout the
group.
We take HSE into account in all business decisions and activities. Business sectors establish
proper structures and allocate sufficient resources in order to line up to this policy.
We shall comply with all relevant statutory requirements in the area of Health, Safety
and Environment.
Annexure Pest Control India Pvt. Ltd.
For doing so, if any expertise or advice needed, then the same will be made available
from site HSE officer, Sector HSE officer or Corporate Safety and Environment
Department.
Each employee shall comply with the HSE guidelines and the laws applicable to her or
his area of operational responsibility.
We want to be a leader in Health, Safety and Environmental Protection by managing
these disciplines actively, consistently and efficiently.
We strive for continual improvement in our HSE performance through relevant
technologies and methods. We measure progress and verity compliance with our own
HSE guidelines and regulatory requirements through audits and management reviews.
We foster awareness & a sense of responsibility for HSE among our employees; to
this end we provide appropriate information and training and develop their HSE skills.
While considering the career advancement of an employee. Commitment to HSE will be
considered as an important factor.
We optimize the use of natural resources and minimize the environmental impact of our
activities and of our products over their life cycle. We assess HSE implications to ensure
that the benefits of new products, processes and technologies outweigh remaining risk.
We care about the expectations and concerns of our stakeholders.
Annexure Pest Control India Pvt. Ltd.
We provide our employees with safe workplaces. We promote programmed to maintain
or improve the health of our employees. Safety Committees consisting of workmen
actively participate in improving and effectively implementing safety measures.
We inform our customers and the consumers about the characteristics of our products
and give advice on their proper use and safe disposal.
We inform our customers and the consumers, sub contractors, transporters and other
agencies and offer assistance for achieving an HSE performance matching our own.
We recognize the interests of our shareholders, neighbors the authorities and the public
at large in our HSE performance. We openly communicate and provide all information
necessary to understand the risks and effects of our operations on health, safety and
the Environment.
A resume of HSE performance of the Company shall be provided in every annual
report.
ANIL S RAO (CEO & CMD)
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