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Annex I
Salmon Baseline Report
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�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������Wallingford HydroSolutions Ltd.
Waverley Railway (Scotland)
Appropriate Assessment
November 2005
Atlantic Salmon Baseline Report
Maclean Building
Crowmarsh Gifford
Wallingford
OX10 8BB
www.hydrosolutions.co.uk
Waverley Railway (Scotland)
Appropriate Assessment
Atlantic Salmon Baseline Report
For and on behalf of:
Wallingford HydroSolutions Ltd.
Approved by: Dr. Andy Young
Position: Director
Date: 25 November 2005
This report has been prepared by Wallingford HydroSolutions will all reasonable skill, care and diligence within the terms of the Contract with the client and taking account of the resources allocated to it by agreement with the client.
We disclaim any responsibility to the client and others in respect of any matters outside the scope of the above. This report is confidential to the client and we accept no responsibility of any nature to third parties to whom this report, or any part thereof, is made known. Any such party relies on the report at their own risk.
Contents
1 INTRODUCTION ...............................................................................................................................1
2 LIFE STAGES AND HABITAT REQUIREMENTS.......................................................................2 2.1 INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................................2 2.2 SPAWNING.....................................................................................................................................2
2.2.1 Habitat requirements...............................................................................................................3 2.3 JUVENILE ......................................................................................................................................3
2.3.1 Habitat requirements...............................................................................................................3 2.4 ADULTS.........................................................................................................................................4
3 SENSITIVITY TO IMPACTS............................................................................................................5 3.1 LOSS OF HABITAT AND CHANNEL DIVERSITY.................................................................................5 3.2 DISRUPTION OF SUBSTRATE ..........................................................................................................5 3.3 SILTATION AND SUSPENDED SOLIDS ..............................................................................................5 3.4 LOSS OF RIPARIAN VEGETATION....................................................................................................6 3.5 CHANGES IN WATER QUALITY AND TEMPERATURE........................................................................6 3.6 BARRIERS TO MIGRATION..............................................................................................................6
4 METHODOLOGY ..............................................................................................................................8 4.1 INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................................8 4.2 SURVEY METHODOLOGY ..............................................................................................................8 4.3 SURVEY ANALYSIS ......................................................................................................................11
4.3.1 Spawning Habitat ..................................................................................................................11 4.3.2 Juvenile Habitat.....................................................................................................................12
5 HABITAT MAPPING RESULTS....................................................................................................13 5.1 INTRODUCTION ...........................................................................................................................13 5.2 HABITATS ...................................................................................................................................15 5.3 SUBSTRATES ...............................................................................................................................17 5.4 FEATURES ...................................................................................................................................19
5.4.1 Natural Erosion and Deposition Features.............................................................................19 5.4.2 Engineered Features..............................................................................................................19
6 ANALYSIS RESULTS ......................................................................................................................22 6.1 INTRODUCTION ...........................................................................................................................22 6.2 SPAWNING HABITAT ....................................................................................................................22 6.3 JUVENILE HABITAT .....................................................................................................................24 6.4 BARRIERS TO MIGRATION ...........................................................................................................26
7 CONCLUSIONS ................................................................................................................................27
8 REFERENCES...................................................................................................................................28
Annex 1 habitat mapping survey data
Annex 2. Photographs of Engineering Locations and the river in the vicinity of the Engineering Location
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1 Introduction
Wallingford HydroSolutions Ltd has been commissioned by Environmental Resources Management (ERM) to conduct surveys on the Gala Water and River Tweed to assess the availability of suitable Atlantic salmon habitat within the catchment and to assess the potential impacts of the Waverley Railway Project on Salmon habitat within the catchment. ‘The Waverley Railway Project’ is an initiative with the ultimate aim of re-establishing a rail link to provide a passenger transport service from Edinburgh to the central Borders area in Scotland by 2008. The Project is seen as the first phase of reinstating the entire rail link between Edinburgh and Carlisle, which was closed in 1969 (Waverley Railway Project, 2005). The railway currently runs alongside the Gala Water for almost the entire length of the river, with the current infrastructure being 32 crossings (bridges and culverts) and 15 river bank protection measures (where the river has been reinforced or realigned). The majority of these structures are in various states of disrepair, therefore will require engineering works in-stream or in the vicinity of the Gala Water. The Gala Water forms part of the River Tweed Special Area for Conservation (SAC)1. Atlantic salmon are listed on Annex II of the EU Species Directive and are a primary reason for the SAC designation. The River Tweed is a highly productive salmon river and there have been extensively researched and monitored of the salmon populations within the main river and the accessible tributaries. The Gala Water is a productive recruitment tributary, and is well populated demonstrated by a survey conducted by the Tweed Foundation in 1995, which recorded juvenile salmon from 24 out of 28 key juvenile salmonid locations in the Upper Tweed (Panter, 2003). For the purposes of the Appropriate Assessment it has been assumed that where suitable spawning and juvenile habitat exists within the Gala Water it will be readily utilised by Atlantic salmon and thus a confirmatory electric-fishing campaign was not necessary. This assumption was based on advice from the Tweed Foundation and the existing evidence that the Gala Water is a very productive recruitment tributary.
1 Special Areas of Conservation (SACs) are designated under the EC Habitats Directive.
2
2 Life Stages and Habitat Requirements
2.1 Introduction
Salmon breed in fresh water where the young grow for between one and three years, before swimming to the sea and migrating to the North Atlantic. After one or more years feeding at sea the adult fish then return to their native river to breed, often extremely close to the area of their birth (SNH, 2004). This typical life can be divided into five distinct life stages:
1. Female adults lay eggs which are fertilised by the male in freshwater a. The majority of spent adults (known as kelts) die, however a few do return
to the sea and spawn the following year. b. The eggs hatch into alevin. Whilst alevin the salmon are still dependant on
the yolk sac for primary nutrition.
2. Juvenile salmon develop in freshwaters for one to four years before migrating to the sea to mature. Salmon juveniles are known as fry until the end of their first summer, then as parr until they migrate.
3. Salmon smolt (fully silvered juvenile) migrate downstream to the sea.
4. Salmon feed at sea for up to four years and mature into adults.
5. Adult salmon then migrate upstream, usually to their natal river, to spawn.
For the purposes of this document, only the fresh water life stages are considered (i.e. spawning, juveniles and smolt downstream and adult upstream migration). The following sections discuss the fresh water life stages and associated habitat requirements.
2.2 Spawning
Adult salmon undergo morphological changes when they return to freshwater and migrate upstream, usually to a spawning ground within close proximity to the place of their birth. Salmon spawn in autumn or winter in excavated depressions in the river substrate called ‘redds’. The redds are usually covered by material dug out during the construction of a new one upstream, into which further eggs are shed. Upon completion of spawning females move downstream while males remain to spawn with further females (Hendrey & Cragg-Hine, 2003). As returning adults neither males nor females feed in freshwater and the migration and spawning process results in high losses in body weight and subsequently high mortality rates. The eggs remain in the redd throughout winter and hatch in the spring. The newly hatched alevins remain within the redd drawing nutrition from the yolk sac until they emerge to feed as fry (Hendrey & Cragg-Hine,
3
2003). A spawning redd typically covers an area of 1 – 3 m2 (Bardonnet and Baglinere, 2000).
2.2.1 Habitat requirements
Typical spawning sites are stated throughout the literature as the transitional areas between pools and riffles, where flow is accelerating and depth increasing, and where gravel of a suitable coarseness is present and interstices are kept clear of fines. Preferred current velocity for spawning is within the range 25 – 90 cm/s with a water depth in the range 17 – 76 cm (Hendry & Cragg-Hine, 1997). The composition and mean grain size of gravels used by salmon for spawning varies markedly but the typical composition consists of cobbles (grain size 22-256 mm), gravels (2-22 mm) and finer material (<2 mm). For the successful incubation of ova it is essential that the content of fines is low, and always below 20 % by weight (Hendrey & Cragg-Hine, 2003). The stability of the gravel during incubation is critical, as high flows during spate conditions can destroy the redd and kill the developing eggs (Hendrey & Cragg-Hine, 2003). Overhanging riparian vegetation is also important for spawning; if the holding pools and spawning areas have little cover, the fish present will be vulnerable to disturbance and predation.
2.3 Juvenile
After hatching juvenile salmon develop in freshwater for one to four years before migrating to the sea to mature. Fry and parr densities vary considerably in natural streams (Mills, 1991) and the limiting factor is often the availability of suitable habitat. Juvenile salmon leave the riffles in autumn as temperatures decrease and spend the colder months nocturnally in deeper pools. Then re-appear in shallower water in spring when temperatures reach 6 to 7 ºC (Rimmer, 1984; Rimmer et al., 1985; Mills, 1989; Bjorn and Raiser, 1991). Salmon fry and parr feed primarily on invertebrates (Hendrey & Cragg-Hine, 2003) and their survival depends on food availability and space, for which individuals compete (Kalleberg, 1958).
2.3.1 Habitat requirements
Salmon fry and parr occupy shallow fast-flowing water with a moderately coarse substrate with cover (Symons & Heland, 1978; Bagliniere & Champigeulle, 1986). Fry can use habitats that are distant from the spawning area (Bardonnet and Baglinere, 2000) but generally stay within 200 m (Beall et al., 1994). Prime nursery habitat (fry and under yearling parr) is considered to be riffles of less than 20 cm depth, with a substrate of gravels and cobbles (16 – 64 mm). As parr grow their preference changes to deeper and faster riffles. Prime rearing habitat (yearling and older parr) is therefore considered to be riffles of 20 – 40 cm depth with a substrate of cobbles and boulders (Hendry and Cragg-Hine, 2003). Suitable cover for juveniles includes areas of deep water, surface turbulence, loose substrate, large rocks and other submerged obstructions, undercut banks, overhanging vegetation, woody debris and aquatic vegetation (Heggenes, 1990; Bjorn &
4
Reiser, 1991; Haury et al., 1995). Riparian vegetation, in addition to providing cover, provides food for juveniles.
2.4 Adults
Upstream migration generally occurs in three main stages. An initial upstream movement leads fish close to the spawning areas. This is followed by a relatively long residence period. Finally an ascending movement takes place shortly before spawning (Bardonnet and Baglinere, 2000). Cover for adult salmon waiting to migrate or spawn can be provided by overhanging vegetation, undercut banks, submerged vegetation, submerged objects such as logs and rocks, floating debris, deep water and surface turbulence (Bjorn & Reiser, 1991). The fish may stay as long as three months in a given pool (Webb, 1989). The time of entry to the rivers varies between rivers. SNH (2004) suggests that upstream migration should be considered as occuring throughout the year. Smolts migrate to sea between April and June and their migration is primarily nocturnal and often triggered by increases in flow (Hendrey & Cragg-Hine, 2003).
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3 Sensitivity to Impacts
The sensitivity of Atlantic salmon to possible scheme impacts are discussed in the following sections and listed within Table 1. These impacts are considered at all the freshwater life stages. It should be noted that salmon are most vulnerable to disturbance during spawning and hatching which occurs between late-October and May (SNH, 2004).
3.1 Loss of habitat and channel diversity
A major possible impact of the scheme is the loss of suitable habitats in both the short and long term. This includes the physical removal of habitat, either in the short term (during construction); for example as a consequence of the construction of a temporary in-stream dry working area; or in the long term (greater than one season or permanent); for example as a consequence of the construction of a culvert. These could result in a loss of spawning area, a reduction in wetted perimeter, the loss of juvenile habitat and/ or the loss of holding pools. This in turn would result in increased competition via a reduction in the number of territories available (Cowx et al. 1984, Giles et al. 1991).
In addition to the consideration of the impacts on individual life stages these losses should also be considered cumulatively for all life stages. Adequate habitat diversity of the type provided by typical riffle/pool sequence is important for both juvenile and adult salmon. As stated in Section 2 the pools provide the deeper holding area required by adults, the riffles provide the fry and parr habitats, and suitable spawning sites are provided at the point where the pool shallows and becomes a riffle and the water velocity increases. Degradation of channel diversity will therefore affect all the life stages.
3.2 Disruption of substrate
Gravel composition is of vital importance to eggs and alevins (WWF, 2001). Consequently, gravel extraction or disruption (due to in-stream works) may reduce the availability of spawning or juvenile habitats. Changes to the flow regime may also alter the natural gravel composition downstream, due to alterations in the erosion and / or deposition of the gravels.
3.3 Siltation and suspended solids
Hendrey & Craig-Hine (1997) state that, under natural conditions, most spawning rivers in the UK have suspended concentrations of fines of less than 5 mg/l during low flows and may be essentially clear-water rivers. Fines can smother salmonid eggs by preventing intra-gravel currents (Moring 1982, Thibodeaux & Boyle 1987) and by clogging the interstices at the surface of the riverbed. This prevents or disrupts alevin emergence (Phillips et al. 1975, Hausle & Coble 1976) and reduces the fitness of the fry and parr. Hence their ability to cope with the natural pressures faced within the riverine
6
environment (MacCrimmon & Gotts 1986, Olsson & Persson 1988). High concentrations of suspended solids in the water may also physically choke fish or disrupt feeding behaviour (Barrett et al. 1992). The EC Freshwater Fish Directive (78/659/EEC) sets a mean value of <25 mg/l for inert suspended solids in salmonid rivers.
3.4 Loss of riparian vegetation
Riparian vegetation is important to all Atlantic salmon life stages as it provides cover for adults during migration, spawning, and in the holding pools, and cover and food for juveniles. The loss of overhanging vegetation can therefore reduce cover leaving fish susceptible to predation, reduce the availability of food which results in increased competition, and reduce shade resulting in excessive warming (Bjorn & Reiser, 1991). Removal of riparian vegetation may result in increased siltation from overland runoff, and the increased instability of the river banks resulting in the increased rate of bank erosion and ultimate collapse into the river.
3.5 Changes in water quality and temperature
Salmon require very good water quality, reflected in the EC Freshwater Fish Directive (78/659/EEC) defined standards of water quality, and are highly sensitive to pollution (e.g. leaks of hydrocarbons from construction machinery). Sufficient oxygen levels are critical for survival with high egg survival rates only expected if dissolved oxygen concentration remains > 6 mg/l (Hendrey & Cragg-Hine, 2003). Reductions in oxygen concentration may occur as a result of a temporary pollution event but also may occur on a more permanent basis by hydraulic manipulation, such as the deepening of the channel, which would result in a reduction in oxygen levels at the bottom of the channel (WWF, 2001).
Eggs and alevins are highly sensitive to acidification and cannot tolerate a pH of much less than 4.5. Older parr stages are also susceptible, even to short duration acid events (Mills 1989). Salmonids are also susceptible to changes in water temperature, as the incubation period of salmonid eggs is directly dependant on the water temperature (Hendrey & Cragg-Hine, 2003). The EC Freshwater Fish Directive (78/659/EEC) states that water temperature should not exceed 25 ºC; and Cowx and Fraser (2003) state that the upper and lower lethal temperature limits for salmonid eggs are <1.4 and 15.5 ºC, and the range for >50 % survival is 1.4 – 11.0 ºC. The optimum range over which juveniles feed and hence maximum growth occurs is 16 -17 ºC (Cowx and Fraser, 2003).
3.6 Barriers to migration
Barriers to migration can either be man-made e.g. dams and weirs or natural e.g. rapids or waterfalls physical barriers. Chemical barriers, such as areas of deoxygenated water or polluted water (Cowx and Fraser, 2003) may also exist. In relation to the scheme these barriers may be permanent, for example, an impassable culvert; or temporary, for
7
example, the installation of temporary bund/diversion during construction or pollution of the channel from a leak in the machinery or storage facilities. Obstacles to upstream migration should not exceed a vertical height of 3 m and to pass an obstacle of a given vertical height the plunge pool directly below the obstacle should be deeper than 1.25 times the height (WWF, 2001). In addition, hydraulic manipulation, such as straightening river channels, may lead to increased water velocity which could in turn result in a barrier to migration.
Table 1 Sensitivity of salmon to impacts
Impact Spawning Juveniles Migration Local removal of species In-stream disturbance High [1] high medium Disturbance of banks low low low Physical disturbance of habitats Loss / degradation of channel diversity high high high Disruption of river bed substrate high high low Loss of wetted perimeter medium medium medium Loss of riparian vegetation (food source, cover and shade) medium medium medium
Loss of submerged vegetation medium medium medium Changes in flow regime (large scale) high high high Changes in flow regime (local) medium medium medium Barriers to migration (physical and flow velocity) N/A N/A high
Over deepening of channel (oxygen depletion) high medium low
Sediment pollution Deposition of fines high medium N/A Increased suspended solids high medium medium Reduced aq. water quality Acute - hydrocarbons high high medium Acute – metals/paints/other medium high medium Chronic - herbicides high medium high Chronic - organic (nutrient enrichment, DO depletion) high medium high
Notes [1] Salmon spawning is only of high sensitivity to instream disturbance during the spawning season.
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4 Methodology
4.1 Introduction
In-stream physical surveys of habitat indices were used to characterise the availability of suitable habitat for Atlantic salmon. The survey methodology was broadly based on River Habitat Surveys (RHS, 2003) and included a reference velocity and channel cross-section, and hence flow measurements. The details of the survey methodology are described in Section 4.2.
The survey results were used to assess the suitability of each meso-habitat for salmon spawning and juvenile habitats. For each life stage the percentages of optimal, sub-optional and marginal habitat were calculated for each survey stretch based upon channel depths and substrate and the presence of significant riparian vegetation. The details of the method used are presented in Section 4.3 and were developed in consultation with the Tweed Foundation.
4.2 Survey Methodology
For point engineering works (i.e bridges and culverts) 500 m reaches were surveyed which included 100 m upstream and 400 m downstream of the proposed engineering location. For engineering works over 300 m in length the reach surveyed was extended to 100 m downstream of the full length of the works to ensure a sufficient distance downstream was mapped. As stated in Section 4.1 the surveys were based on an extension of the RHS methodologies. The dominant meso-habitats extents were mapped together with the average channel cross-section and dominant and sub-dominant substrates. These were quantified together with erosion/deposition features, anthropogenic features and significant riparian overhanging vegetation.
The meso-habitats used within these surveys, as defined by Maddock (1999) and RHS Field Survey guidance (2003), are presented within Table 2. The definitions of substrate size and descriptions of the natural erosion/deposition features and anthropogenic features identified during the surveys, are summarised within Table 3 and Table 4 respectively, and are discussed in more detail within the RHS Field Survey guidance (2003).
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Table 2 Physical descriptions of Meso-habitat types used within surveys presented in Maddock (1999) and RHS
Meso-habitat Symbol Physical Description
Riffle * RF Shallow rapids, high current velocity, disturbed surface, partially submerged obstructions
Run † RN Area of swiftly flowing water without surface agitation or surface waves
Pool * P Discrete area between faster reaches, velocity reduced, depth variable
Glide † G Slow moving shallow run with calm water and little or no surface turbulence
Cascade * C Swift current, exposed rocks and boulders, considerable turbulence, consisting of a stepped series of drops
Broken standing wave ‡ BSW white water tumbling waves
*
Table 3 Definition of substrate sizes used within surveys presented in RHS Field Survey guidance (2003)
Substrate Symbol Physical Description
Artificial A Obviously non-natural bed material (e.g. concrete, bricks) Bedrock BR Underlying solid rock Boulder B Large rocks > 256 mm Cobble C Loose material 64 – 256 mm
Large gravel LG Loose material 16 – 64 mm Small gravel SG Loose material 2 – 16 mm
Sand SD Particle size < 2 mm, but > 0.06 mm Silt ST Very fine particles
* * Mesohabitat defined in Maddock (1999), identified by Brooker (1981) † Mesohabitat defined in Maddock (1999), identified by Kershner and Snider (1992) ‡ Flow type defined in RHS Field Survey guidance (2003)
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Table 4 Description of natural erosion/deposition features and anthropogenic features used within surveys (RHS, 2003)
Feature Symbol Physical Description
Artificial
Rip rap RR Boulders purposely tipped or laid along the bank face to protect it from erosion
Sheet piling SP Vertical, interlocking, steel sheets protecting the bank face
Wood piling WP Wooden poles, or horizontal/vertical planks protecting the bank face
Gabion GA Stones in wire baskets, installed to protect the bank from erosion
Brick/laid stone ST Cemented wall or un-cemented laid stones
Concrete C Cemented bank face reinforcement that forms a solid revetment
Tipped debris TD Discarded material from, for example, farming and building works
Poached PO Bank significantly trampled or puddle by livestock
Weir WE Permanent in-channel structure installed to control river flows/levels
Ford FD Permanent, shallow fording place
Inlet/Outlet IL/OL Water intake or outlet
Natural
Eroding cliff EC Bank face profile is vertical or near vertical with a clean face
Undercut cliff UC Bank face profile is undercut
Point bar PB A distinctive depositional feature of unconsolidated river bed material located on the inside of a distinct meander bend
Side bar SB A distinctive depositional feature of unconsolidated river bed material located along the margins of the river
Mid bar MB A distinctive, in-channel, depositional feature of unconsolidated river bed material
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4.3 Survey analysis
For each meso-habitat mapped the suitability for salmon spawning and juvenile habitats was assessed using the average channel depth, dominant and sub-dominant substrates, and the presence of overhanging riparian vegetation as indices. For each life stage the depth and substrate was assigned a score of optimal, sub-optional and marginal (see Sections 4.3.1 to 4.3.2). The scores for depth and substrate were combined with the presence of overhanging vegetation, to give an overall score of optimal, sub-optional, marginal and unsuitable for each meso-habitat. This was then presented as a percentage for each score per surveyed reach. As spawning occurring in the transitional period between pools and riffles, the number of transitions between meso-habitats per unit length for each surveyed reach was also calculated as a measure of the channel diversity.
4.3.1 Spawning Habitat
The requirements for suitable spawning habitat for salmon are well documented, and the general requirements are detailed in Section 2.2. Spawning gravel composition is defined by Hendry and Cragg-Hine (2003) as a mix of cobbles (22-256 mm) and pebbles (2-22mm) and finer material (<2 mm). This range is also defined by Bond (2003) which states that the majority should be <150 mm. Semple, (1991) classifies the substrate available for salmon spawning as good (40-80 % gravel, 10-40 % cobble, < 20 % boulder, < 20 % combined silt and sand) and marginal (<40 % gravel, 50-90 % combined gravel and cobble, < 20 % combined silt and sand). Using this information the surveyed dominant and sub-dominant substrates were assigned a score of optimal, sub-optional and marginal as defined in Table 5.
Table 5 Atlantic salmon spawning gravels
Dominant Substrate Sub-dominant Substrate Score
Large gravel Small gravel Optimal Small gravel Large gravel Optimal Large gravel Cobble Sub-optimal Small gravel Cobble Sub-optimal Cobble Large gravel Marginal Cobble Small gravel Marginal
Channel water depths suitable for salmon spawning is defined as 17 – 76 cm (Hendry and Cragg-Hine,2003), which is similar to the ranges presented in Bond (2003) and Armstrong et al. (2003). Moir et al. (1998), in a study on the physical characteristics of spawning habitats in a Scottish burn on the Dee catchment, found that the mean depth where spawning occurred was 25 cm and states that few redds where found in shallow (<15 cm) or deep water (<40 cm). Therefore the ranges of depths assigned as optimal, sub-optimal, and marginal are presented in Table 6.
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Table 6 Atlantic salmon spawning depths
Minimum Depth Maximum Depth Score
17 cm 30 cm Optimal 31 cm 40 cm Sub-optimal 41 cm 76 cm Marginal
4.3.2 Juvenile Habitat
The requirements for suitable juvenile habitat for salmon are also well documented, with the general requirements detailed in Section 2.3. Substrate size suitable for juveniles is different for fry and parr. Substrate suitable for juveniles is defined as gravels and cobbles (16 – 64 mm) for nursery habitat (fry and under yearling parr) during the summer, and cobble up to boulder (64 – 256 mm) for nursery habitat during the winter and rearing habitat (yearling and older parr) throughout the year (Hendry and Cragg-Hine, 2003). These ranges are confirmed by the literature review in Armstrong et al. (2003). Semple (1991) classifies the substrate available for salmon nursery habitat as good (<50 % combined cobble and boulder), fair (10-49 % combined cobble and boulder, gravel up to 50 %) and marginal (< 10 % combined cobble and boulder). Nursery summer habitats are within the regions identified as possible spawning habitats, thus the juvenile habitats will be identified as the rearing habitats. The surveyed dominant and sub-dominant substrates were assigned a score of optimal, sub-optional and marginal as defined in Table 7.
Table 7 Atlantic salmon juvenile rearing habitat
Dominant Substrate Sub-dominant Substrate Score
Cobble Boulder Optimal Boulder Cobble Optimal Cobble Gravel (small or large) Sub-optimal Boulder Gravel (small or large) Sub-optimal Gravel (small or large) Cobble Marginal Gravel (small or large) Boulder Marginal
Channel water depths suitable for salmon juveniles is defined by Hendry and Cragg-Hine (2003) as <20 cm for salmon nursery habitat and 20 – 40 cm for rearing habitat, which is also stated in Bond (2003). Armstrong et al. (2003) presents a range of 20 –40 cm for nursery habitat and 20 – 70 cm for rearing habitat. Therefore the ranges of depths assigned as optimal, sub-optimal, and marginal are presented in Table 8.
13
Table 8 Atlantic salmon spawning depths
Minimum Depth Maximum Depth Score
10 cm 19 cm Sub-optimal 20 cm 40 cm Optimal 41 cm 50 cm Sub-optimal 51 cm 70 cm Marginal
5 Habitat Mapping Results
5.1 Introduction
This section describes the results of the habitat mapping surveys, which recorded the extents of meso-habitat, substrates, overhanging riparian vegetation and both anthropogenic and natural erosion/deposition features. The survey data are presented within Annex 1 and photographs of the engineering locations and the river in the vicinity of the engineering locations are presented within Annex 2. The survey data were analysed to calculate the total distance and percentage distance of the survey results per site. These are described in turn in the following sections.
Extents and locations of the reaches surveyed along with the engineering locations are presented within Figure 1.
14
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2827
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24232221
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1817
161514 13
12 1110
5251
50
River Diversion
River Bank Protection
Culvert Renewal
� Bridges
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Surveyed Reaches
0 1 2 3 4 5Kilometers
Figure 1 Map of surveyed reaches and engineering locations
15
5.2 Habitats
In total six meso-habitat types were noted in the Gala Water catchment, as shown in Table 2. These are Run, Riffle, Pool, Glide, Cascade and Broken Standing Wave. The percentage lengths for meso-habitats within each reach are presented in Table 9, with the average proportions within the upper (north of Stow) and lower reaches presented in Figure 2. These show that the dominant meso-habitat within the Gala Water is a run representing an average of 46 % of the surveyed habitat type extents. Riffles and pools respectively represented 31 % and 10 % of the surveyed habitat type extents. The trends seen throughout the catchment are that runs and riffles decrease, whilst pools, glides, cascades and broken standing waves increases as the catchment area and hence channel size increases. The survey results from the tributaries show that the proportion of riffles is than is seen on the main channel, with a maximum of 67 % observed within reach 30. Overhanging vegetation recorded throughout the catchment (as shown in Table 9), indicates a general increasing downstream trend.
RF
RN
P
G
C
BSW
Figure 2 Average percentage meso-habitats on the main channel for A – the upper Gala Water (reaches 50 to 52 and 4 to 28) and B – the lower Gala Water (reaches 29 to 47). Where RF = riffle, RN = run, P = pool, G = glide, C = cascade and BSW = broken standing wave.
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Table 9 Percentage length of recorded meso-habitats and over hanging riparian vegetation within reaches
Reach Riffle Run Pool Glide Cascade Broken
Standing Wave
Overhanging Vegetation
50 26.5 70.2 3.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 51-8 (A-C) 17.4 76.2 3.8 2.5 0.0 0.0 42.5 51-8 (B-C) 15.2 70.9 14.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 51-8 (C-D) 42.4 46.3 4.9 0.0 6.4 0.0 0.0
9 31.6 49.5 17.9 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 55.8 40.6 3.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 11 54.2 16.6 4.0 0.0 0.0 25.2 0.0 13 48.4 32.6 4.8 1.8 3.0 9.4 0.0 14 23.7 44.0 7.5 10.5 1.7 12.6 10.5 16 29.4 22.7 12.9 0.0 3.7 31.3 54.8 17 57.7 32.8 9.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 18 25.8 32.4 31.2 0.0 0.0 10.6 75.0 19 41.7 47.3 5.5 0.0 0.0 5.4 21.9 20 45.5 43.7 8.8 0.0 0.0 2.0 78.0 21 68.3 23.1 8.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 20.4 22 46.6 51.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.4 0.0 24 33.1 54.3 2.7 0.0 0.0 9.9 14.6 25 23.8 55.5 5.9 0.0 4.2 10.7 19.6 26 27.8 52.2 10.2 0.0 0.6 9.2 18.5 27 15.7 64.0 12.5 0.0 0.0 7.8 39.4 28 14.7 53.5 22.5 0.0 0.0 9.2 33.7 29 31.4 66.4 0.0 0.0 2.3 0.0 73.2 30 67.2 24.3 0.0 0.0 4.8 3.7 0.0 31 27.5 68.7 0.0 0.0 3.9 0.0 48.9 33 17.7 68.7 7.0 0.0 0.0 6.7 0.0
34-36 25.4 55.8 2.4 0.0 0.0 16.4 83.9 37 34.2 35.6 23.1 0.0 0.0 7.1 79.0 38 7.5 59.7 13.4 0.0 3.2 16.2 59.4 39 0.0 7.4 50.8 0.0 41.8 0.0 1.4 40 22.5 59.9 0.0 0.0 6.7 10.9 100.0 41 24.2 35.6 14.3 8.2 14.5 3.2 94.9 42 10.3 49.7 10.0 0.0 18.3 11.7 62.4 45 23.3 31.9 25.8 0.0 18.9 0.0 70.8 46 28.5 15.3 10.6 21.1 18.6 6.1 69.7 47 31.1 49.4 5.9 0.0 1.5 12.1 0.0 49 16.8 58.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 25.0 83.2
17
5.3 Substrates
In total seven of the eight substrate types presented in Table 3 were recorded along the Gala Water catchment. These were silt, sand, small and large gravel, cobbles, boulders, and artificial. For the purposes of this assessment, dominant and sub-dominant substrates have been analysed separately. Table 10 presents the percentages of dominant and sub-dominant substrates for each surveyed reach. Figure 3 shows that the majority of the surveyed catchment substrate is dominated by cobbles (51 %), and large gravel (27 %). The major sub-dominant substrate recorded was large gravel, which was recorded at 44 % of habitats, with cobbles and small gravel recorded as the sub-dominant substrate at 18% and 15% of habitats respectively. Smaller substrates, such as sand and silt, were only recorded at a small percentage of the surveyed habitats, therefore armouring of the substrate, which can impede spawning, is not an issue within this catchment. An artificial substrate (i.e. concrete) was recorded for 2 % of the reaches, which corresponds to the bridge apron within reach 46 and the artificial channel downstream of the cauld in Galashiels (reach 47).
The downstream trends observed within the catchment were as expected within the dominant substrates; the extents of cobbles and boulder increase as the catchment size increases and the extents of small and large gravels decrease. The trends observed in the sub-dominant substrate were also as expected with substrate extents of large gravels, cobbles and boulders increasing and the extents of small gravels decreasing. Sand and silt were only present in small amount and were only found within localised areas of the catchment, predominantly in the upper reaches.
ST
SD
SG
LG
C
B
A
Figure 3 Percentages of dominant (A) and sub-dominant (B) substrates recorded within reaches on the main channel of the Gala Water. Where RF = riffle, RN = run, P = pool, G = glide, C = cascade and BSW = broken standing wave.
18
Table 10 Percentage lengths of dominant and sub-dominant substrates recorded within reaches
Reach Dominant Substrate Sub-dominant Substrate
Silt Sand Small Gravel
Large Gravel Cobble Boulder Artificial Silt Sand Small
Gravel Large Gravel Cobble Boulder
50 13.4 1.6 80.1 4.8 0 0 0 0 83.0 6.4 8.9 1.6 0 51-8 (A-C) 36.8 15.7 39.8 4.0 3.7 0 0 57.0 0 28.9 8.3 3.3 2.5 51-8 (B-C) 0 0 0 46.8 52.1 0 0 6.6 0 10.0 52.1 30.2 0 51-8 (C-D) 1.9 0.5 4.9 66.7 23.1 2.6 0 11.0 5.0 49.6 24.2 8.3 0
9 0 0 21.1 73.0 5.9 0 0 5.2 16.6 48.6 14.8 14.9 0 10 0.8 9.6 47.4 31.8 10.4 0 0 0 32.0 33.6 34.4 0 0 11 0 0 0 42.2 57.8 0 0 0 0.8 16.0 57.8 25.4 0 13 0 0 0 63.6 26.4 10.0 0 0 0 36.4 26.4 37.2 0 14 17.6 1.8 0 52.1 26.1 2.4 0 14.4 0 15.1 41.7 27.0 1.8 16 0 0 4.1 4.4 54.2 37.3 0 0 0 0 46.5 41.7 11.8 17 0 0 9.5 1.0 82.0 7.5 0 0 9.5 0 61.5 8.5 20.6 18 4.7 0 2.1 7.6 50.8 33.3 1.5 6.8 0.8 3.9 45.1 34.1 7.8 19 3.6 0 5.7 33.2 57.5 0 0 5.7 6.4 30.3 57.5 0 0 20 8.6 0 0 41.3 50.1 0 0 0 0 14.8 51.3 11.7 22.2 21 0 0 0 29.4 68.2 2.4 0 0 0 12.9 68.2 19.0 0 22 0 0 21.8 21.0 57.2 0 0 21.8 0 3.7 54.1 17.3 3.1 24 0 0 0 15.2 71.5 13.3 0 0.9 0 11.4 61.8 16.2 9.7 25 0 0 0 29.3 70.7 0 0 14.3 0 8.5 48.7 13.7 14.7 26 0 0 0 24.7 69.3 6.0 0 0 0 24.7 58.3 6.0 11.1 27 0 0 4.3 11.2 82.0 2.5 0 4.3 0 11.2 70.0 2.5 12.0 28 0 0 0 78.7 18.9 2.4 0 0 0 19.7 16.6 42.9 20.8 29 0 0 0 43.9 56.1 0 0 0 0 41.8 56.1 2.1 0 30 7.0 0 0 49.4 43.7 0 0 7.5 0 48.9 13.8 18.0 11.9 31 0 0 0 12.2 87.8 0 0 0 0 0 69.4 12.2 18.4 33 0 0 0 17.3 48.6 34.0 0 0 0 0 43.1 46.1 10.7
34-36 6.5 0 0 20.0 73.5 0 0 0 0 3.6 80.0 16.4 0 37 0 0 0 0 62.7 37.3 0 0 0 0 21.4 37.3 41.3 38 0 0 0 0 56.7 29.6 0 0 0 0 20.7 19.6 46.0 39 0 0 0 12.5 87.5 0 0 0 0 0 82.6 12.5 4.8 40 0 0 0 13.0 79.1 8.0 0 13.0 0 0 47.9 8.0 31.1 41 0 0 0 0 58.1 36.4 5.5 0 0 0 30.7 36.4 27.4 42 0 0 0 0 44.4 0 55.6 0 0 0 38.5 0 5.9 45 0 0 68.9 0 7.3 0 23.7 68.9 0 7.3 0 0 0 46 0 0 0 0 75.6 24.4 0 0 0 0 45.3 24.4 30.3 47 0 0 0 7.4 77.9 14.8 0 0 0 0 77.9 22.1 0 49 0 0 0 0 70.2 0 0 0 0 0 53.4 0 16.8
19
5.4 Features
For the purposes of this assessment natural features and engineered features have been analysed separately.
5.4.1 Natural Erosion and Deposition Features
Natural erosion and deposition features (defined in Table 4) recorded within the catchment are presented as a percentage of the surveyed reach within Table 11. Within the main channel of the Gala Water, 24 % of the surveyed reaches have eroding banks and 21 % have deposition along either the bank or within channel. A total of 10 confluences were also recorded within these surveys.
5.4.2 Engineered Features
The engineered features recorded within the catchment (defined in Table 4) were a combination of river bank protection measures (i.e. sheet and wood pilling, gabions, rip-rap, concrete, laid stone and tipped debris), bridge pier and abutment protection (i.e. sheet and wood pilling, concrete and laid stone), and others such as fords and poached banks. Table 12 presents these features as a distance recorded within each surveyed reach. A total of 3.4 km was recorded as being protected which constitutes 20 % of the surveyed reaches. The highest recorded feature type was rip-rip which covers almost 2 km of the surveyed reaches and was generally associated with potential river bank protection works. The remaining types of protection used throughout the catchment were laid stone, concrete and wood protection, which constituted 0.7 km, 0.3 km and 0.2 km, respectively. Of the total reach surveyed (16.6 km) 500 m was poached and 10 fords were recorded (covering more than 50 m).
20
Table 11 Percentage lengths of natural erosion and deposition features recorded within reaches
Reach Side-Bar Point-Bar Mid-Bar Eroding Cliff
Undercut Bank
50 0 0 0.3 0 0 51-8 (A-C) 0 0 0 0 22.4 51-8 (B-C) 0 0 0 0 0 51-8 (C-D) 0 0 0 0 0
9 0 0 0 0.2 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 11 11.9 0 12.0 8.9 0 13 15.3 0 1.6 26.5 0 14 4.2 3.9 2.0 20.8 0 16 9.4 0 1.6 14.1 0 17 0 0 0 8.7 0 18 17.0 5.5 0 19.8 2.0 19 8.3 0 0 30.9 0 20 19.3 0 0 7.9 6.6 21 8.3 0 7.9 5.7 2.2 22 13.5 5.9 0 23.9 1.7 24 20.8 0 3.8 1.0 10.9 25 0.4 0 5.9 0.9 20.4 26 7.6 0 4.8 10.1 3.0 27 10.3 0 0 6.1 3.9 28 12.7 0 11.0 4.9 15.9 29 13.2 0 0 22.2 13.2 30 13.7 0 0 7.2 0 31 12.6 0 0.8 7.0 0.3 33 8.2 0 0 3.7 4.8
34-36 0 0 0 0 0 37 4.0 0 0 5.5 1.0 38 7.2 0 9.0 23.4 4.2 39 0 0 0 11.1 0 40 27.6 0 21.8 5.6 5.0 41 15.6 0 22.5 0 0 42 5.5 0 0 7.5 0 45 0 0 7.0 0 0 46 3.9 0 22.0 0 0 47 1.2 0 0 0 0 49 8.1 14.8 0 7.4 0
21
Table 12 Recorded total lengths (m) of engineered features within reaches
Reach Sheet Pilling
Wood Pilling Gabions Rip-
Rap Concrete Laid Stone
Tipped Debris Ford Poached
50 0 0 0 0 0 17 0 0 0 51-8 (A-C) 0 0 0 0 0 134 0 0 100 51-8 (B-C) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 51-8 (C-D) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
9 0 0 0 0 0 102 0 0 60 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 122 11 0 0 0 101 0 92 0 30 0 13 0 0 0 77 36 0 0 0 20 14 0 0 0 0 19 100 0 0 44 16 0 0 28 5 0 12 0 0 0 17 0 0 0 0 33 0 0 4 0 18 0 33 0 21 0 0 3 0 40 19 0 24 0 14 17 0 0 0 3 20 0 0 0 121 106 0 0 0 0 21 0 95 0 51 0 21 0 9 0 22 0 44 0 58 0 0 65 0 13 24 0 0 0 75 0 0 0 0 0 25 0 0 0 0 7 14 0 0 71 26 0 0 0 9 0 17 0 0 14 27 0 19 0 87 0 19 0 0 0 28 0 0 0 145 0 8 0 0 3 29 0 0 0 82 0 0 0 0 3 30 0 0 0 11 12 0 0 15 0 31 0 8 0 104 0 0 0 0 0 33 0 0 0 86 0 0 0 0 0
34-36 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 37 0 0 0 353 0 0 0 0 0 38 0 0 0 149 0 0 0 0 0 39 0 0 0 0 0 17 0 0 0 40 0 2 0 91 21 0 0 0 0 41 0 0 0 9 0 0 0 0 9 42 9 0 0 0 0 15 0 0 0 45 33 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 46 0 0 17 328 84 94 0 0 0 47 0 0 0 0 2 7 0 0 0 49 0 0 0 0 0 9 0 0 0
Total 42 225 45 1977 337 679 68 58 501
22
6 Analysis Results
6.1 Introduction
Using the habitat mapping surveys described within Section 5 the suitability of spawning and juvenile habitats were assessed and barriers to migration identified. A map showing the locations and extents of the reaches surveyed along with the engineering locations are presented within Figure 1.
6.2 Spawning habitat
Using the criteria described in Section 4.3 the percentage lengths of optimal, sub-optimal and marginal salmon spawning habitat were calculated for each surveyed reach within the catchment. These percentages are presented within Table 13 together with the percentage length of missing data for each reach. The missing data accounts for meso-habitat for which the substrate or depth was not recorded during the survey primarily because the river was too deep to safely wade. It is assumed that these areas of missing data are unsuitable for salmon spawning as depths were greater than 1 m.
Figure 4 shows that the extents of suitable salmon spawning habitats are distributed sporadically throughout the Gala Water although the majority of the sites containing some suitable spawning habitat. Reaches containing optimal spawning habitat are generally located towards the top of the catchment and then occur less frequently within the downstream reaches with a particular concentration around Stow (located between reaches 28 and 29).
The number of transitions between meso-habitats per 100 m is also presented in Table 13. This shows the catchment wide variance between channel diversity, as represented by the transition density between meso-habitats is low within the main channel downstream of the confluence with the Heriot Water (from reach 11). The mean transition density is 3.5 /100m (standard deviation of ± 1.2 /100m), on the main channel and 7.0 /100m (standard deviation of ± 5.9 /100m) on the tributaries and upstream of reach 11. The transition density is higher within the tributaries and upstream of reach 11, which is a consequence of the smaller channels within these parts of the catchment.
23
Table 13 Percentage length of optimal, sub-optimal and marginal Atlantic Salmon spawning habitats found within surveyed reaches, including the percentage of missing data and the number of transitions of meso-habitat per 100 m (those not on the main Gala Water channel are presented in italics).
Reach ID Number of Meso-Habitats / 100m
Optimal / %
Sub-optimal / %
Marginal / %
Missing data / %
50 17.1 0.0 1.4 0.0 98.6 51-8 (A-C) 5.2 0.0 0.0 1.2 98.8 51-8 (B-C) 16.2 0.0 3.7 14.3 82.0 51-8 (C-D) 13.9 22.3 15.9 0.3 61.5
9 11.7 10.8 14.4 0.0 74.8 10 6.4 10.2 11.4 0.0 78.4 11 3.8 13.2 34.0 10.0 42.8 13 3.8 19.4 40.6 30.0 10.0 14 4.6 10.0 38.7 10.3 41.0 16 7.0 0.0 9.0 37.7 53.2 17 18.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 18 5.3 0.0 38.5 15.8 45.8 19 4.2 2.1 22.9 12.8 62.2 20 3.0 12.6 32.0 0.0 55.4 21 2.4 0.0 23.4 6.6 70.0 22 1.8 7.6 54.1 0.0 38.3 24 4.0 0.0 23.1 19.1 57.8 25 5.0 0.0 50.9 21.1 28.0 26 5.0 0.0 18.6 44.4 37.0 27 3.6 18.0 27.7 35.0 19.3 28 3.2 10.1 4.5 45.9 39.5 29 1.9 36.6 32.0 0.0 30.1 30 4.0 0.0 15.3 0.0 84.7 31 3.2 31.5 29.3 29.8 9.4 33 2.7 14.6 27.3 13.8 44.3
34-36 3.6 0.0 44.8 17.1 38.1 37 2.2 1.9 15.4 23.7 58.9 38 4.0 0.0 24.2 51.3 19.6 39 19.5 0.0 21.9 0.0 78.1 40 2.8 0.0 18.6 0.0 81.4 41 3.4 0.0 4.3 4.4 91.2 42 4.2 0.0 18.8 42.1 39.1 45 3.2 0.0 33.8 14.1 52.1 46 3.1 0.0 12.5 18.2 54.9 47 3.3 0.0 2.1 0.0 57.1 49 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
24
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
50
51-8
(A-C
)
51-8
(B-C
)
51-8
(C-D
) 9 10 11 13 14 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 3334
-36 37 38 39 40 41 42 45 46 47 49
Reach ID
Perc
enta
ge L
engt
h Missing dataMarginalSub-optimalOptimal
Figure 4 Percentage length of optimal, sub-optimal and marginal Atlantic Salmon spawning habitat within each surveyed reach
6.3 Juvenile Habitat
Using the criteria described in Section 4.3.2 the percentage lengths of optimal, sub-optimal and marginal salmon juvenile habitat were also calculated for each surveyed reach within the catchment. These percentages are presented within Table 14, again with the percentage of missing data for each reach. Figure 5 shows that the majority of the catchment is suitable for salmon juveniles, with the proportion of optimum habitats increasing downstream. The number of transitions between meso-habitats per 100 m, presented in Table 14, show that the channel diversity is low within the main channel downstream of the confluence with the Heriot Water.
25
Table 14 Percentage length of optimal, sub-optimal and marginal Atlantic Salmon juvenile habitats found within surveyed reaches, including the percentage of missing data and the number of transitions of meso-habitat per 100 m (those not on the main Gala Water channel are presented in italics).
Reach ID Number of Meso-Habitats / 100m
Optimal / %
Sub-optimal / %
Marginal / %
Missing data / %
50 17.1 0.0 1.4 0.2 0.0 51-8 (A-C) 5.2 2.5 1.2 0.0 0.0 51-8 (B-C) 16.2 0.0 28.1 0.0 0.0 51-8 (C-D) 13.9 0.0 21.8 5.8 0.0
9 11.7 0.0 7.7 9.3 0.0 10 6.4 0.0 10.4 0.0 0.0 11 3.8 0.0 74.0 6.0 0.0 13 3.8 10.0 47.8 5.8 0.0 14 4.6 7.5 38.8 3.0 0.0 16 7.0 44.5 38.2 4.4 0.0 17 18.1 0.0 5.2 0.0 0.0 18 5.3 43.7 33.8 1.0 0.0 19 4.2 42.5 41.6 0.8 0.0 20 3.0 7.9 49.6 0.0 0.0 21 2.4 7.4 59.1 10.0 0.0 22 1.8 2.4 68.2 16.6 0.0 24 4.0 0.0 60.2 14.2 0.0 25 5.0 24.7 63.0 0.0 0.0 26 5.0 14.7 50.8 8.7 0.0 27 3.6 17.7 57.6 0.0 0.0 28 3.2 12.0 22.0 40.3 0.0 29 1.9 17.7 61.2 0.0 1.4 30 4.0 9.0 91.0 0.0 0.0 31 3.2 4.2 51.9 2.1 0.0 33 2.7 0.0 43.7 0.0 0.0
34-36 3.6 33.3 54.5 5.4 0.0 37 2.2 39.5 57.2 0.0 0.0 38 4.0 17.5 32.6 28.0 4.9 39 19.5 1.4 46.0 0.0 0.0 40 2.8 75.3 24.7 0.0 0.0 41 3.4 65.9 20.4 0.0 0.0 42 4.2 12.6 62.9 1.6 0.0 45 3.2 56.7 17.4 0.0 0.0 46 3.1 49.4 30.7 0.0 14.4 47 3.3 0.0 2.1 0.0 40.8 49 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0
26
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
50
51-8
(A-C
)
51-8
(B-C
)
51-8
(C-D
) 9 10 11 13 14 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 3334
-36 37 38 39 40 41 42 45 46 47 49
Reach ID
Perc
enta
ge L
engt
h Missing dataMarginalSub-optimalOptimal
Figure 5 Percentage length of optimal, sub-optimal and marginal Atlantic salmon juvenile habitat within each surveyed reach
6.4 Barriers to Migration
The main potential barriers to migration observed within the catchment are the presence of weirs and other artificial structures. Three weirs were observed within the survey reaches; two small weirs within reaches 41 and 46 and the cauld (weir) at Galashiels within reach 47. The cauld (weir) in Galashiels (reach 47) would not act as a barrier due to the presence of a fish ladder on the right bank to facilitate the migration of Atlantic salmon. The two remaining weirs are too small to act as migratory barriers. A fourth possible migratory barrier is present just downstream of engineering location site, where a supporting structure for a ford blocks the channel during low flows. However this small obstacle would not impede on the migration of the salmon. Bridges and culverts can also act as a barrier to migration when either the channel is constricted and high water velocities are created, or downstream erosion of a full apron creates a step in the channel. However, this is currently not the case for any of the railway crossings, where spans are generally similar or wider than the natural channel (observed at the time of survey); and only one bridge apron covers the full channel, but no erosion is observed downstream of the apron. It can therefore be assumed that all of the surveyed Gala Water catchment is accessible to Atlantic salmon.
27
7 Conclusions The surveys have demonstrated that:
• Potential Atlantic salmon spawning habitat is distributed in small extents throughout the catchment with optimal habitat found at only 15 of the 36 surveyed reaches towards the top of the catchment and generally comprising of less than 40 % of the reach. It is important that these habitats are protected where possible.
• Potential Atlantic salmon juvenile habitat is widespread throughout the catchment (at 25 of the 36 surveyed reaches) with the proportion of optimal habitat increasing downstream.
• None of the surveyed potential barriers to migration (including bridges and culverts) would impede on the distribution of Atlantic salmon therefore it is assumed that the whole of the Gala Water is accessible.
28
8 References
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31
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32
Annex 1 habitat mapping survey data
33
Site 50 Underbridge 45
�
�
�
�
CB
A
A
B
6
5 4
52
51
50
0 100 200 300 400 50050Meters
Table 1: Location and Description of Features at Site 50
Start Finish Feature Channel 19.2 20.2 MB Left Bank 117.5 119.9 ST
Right Bank 97 112 ST
Table 2: Location and Description of Habitats at Site 50 Start Finish Habitat Width Depth Sub 1 Sub 2 0 25.6 RN 0.6 0.1 SG SD 25.6 27.7 RF 0.1 0.05 SG SD 27.7 43 RN 0.6 0.1 SG SD 43 44.3 RF 0.6 0.05 SG SD 44.3 50 RN 0.6 0.1 SG SD 50 53.2 RF 0.6 0.05 SG SD 53.2 54.8 RN 0.6 0.05 SG SD 54.8 60.6 RF 0.6 0.02 SG SD 60.6 64.1 RN 0.6 0.05 SG SD 64.1 68.2 RF 0.6 0.02 SG SD 68.2 70 RN 0.6 0.07 SG SD 70 72 RF 0.6 0.02 SG SD 72 90 RN 0.7 0.01 SG SD 90 91.7 RF 0.6 0.05 SG SD 91.7 102 RN 0.7 0.1 SG SD 102 106.3 P 0.9 0.25 SG SD 106.3 109.3 RN 1 0.05 SG SD 109.3 114.3 RF 0.5 0.02 LG SG 114.3 115.4 RN 0.7 0.1 LG SG 115.4 117.4 RF 0.7 0.1 LG SG 117.4 118 RN 0.8 0.1 SG C 118 122.2 P 1.3 0.3 SG C 122.2 128 RN 0.7 0.2 SG SD 128 130 RF 0.6 0.05 SG LG 130 139.4 RN 0.8 0.15 SG LG 139.4 142.2 RF 0.7 0.02 SG LG 142.2 143.3 RN 0.8 0.05 LG SG 143.3 146.9 RF 0.7 0.02 SG LG 146.9 157.4 RN 0.5 0.05 SG SD 157.4 160.8 RF 0.5 0.02 SG SD 160.8 165.5 RN 0.5 0.02 SG SD 165.5 168.1 RF 0.6 0.02 LG SG 168.1 170.9 RN 0.8 0.02 SG LG 170.9 173.5 RF 0.5 0.05 LG SG 173.5 175.4 RN 0.5 0.1 SG SD 175.4 176.8 RF 0.5 0.02 SG SD 176.8 180.1 RN 0.5 0.1 SG SD 180.1 184.8 RF 0.5 0.05 SG SD 184.8 188 RN 0.6 0.1 SG SD 188 191.2 RF 0.5 0.02 SG SD 191.2 203.7 RF 0.06 0.05 SG SD 203.7 223.6 RN 0.06 0.01 SG SD 223.6 226 RF 0.8 0.02 SG LG 226 239 RN 0.7 0.05 SG SD 239 242.6 RF 0.7 0.02 SG LG 242.6 244 P 0.5 0.2 SG SD 244 253 RN 0.6 0.05 SG SD 253 257.8 RF 0.7 0.02 SD SG 257.8 289.3 RN 0.6 0.1 ST SD 289.3 291.3 RF 0.7 0.05 ST SD 291.3 297.8 RN 0.8 0.05 ST SD
34
Sites 51-8 Underbridges 47 and 48, Bank Protection Works at Gala Water/ Shoestanes Burn Interface and Hangingshaw, Culvert Renewals at Shoestanes and Sandyknowe and River Diversion Works at Heriot.
�
�
�
�
A
C
D
B
A
A
B
8
7
6
5 4
52
51
50
0 100 200 300 400 50050Meters
Table 3: Location and Description of Features at Sites 51-58 Start Finish Feature Features between points A-C Left Bank 0 73 UC 77.7 100 UC 100 112 ST 143 212 UC 262 275.5 UC 336.8 340.2 UC 345.7 361.9 RR 361.9 400.7 RR 419.4 452 UC Right Bank 100 112 ST 112 212 PO 345.7 361.9 ST 361.9 400.7 ST Features between points C-D Left Bank 168 161.8 EC 176.8 178 UC 293.4 300 SB 301 303 EC 528 542.3 EC 554 559 SB 600 610 EC 624 626 SB Right Bank 35 37.4 Outlet pipe discharge 37.4 51.6 EC 194.3 200 UC 236 238.2 UC 268 271 UC 341 351 EC 352 378.5 RR 565 568 PO 623 640 EC 668 676 UC Channel 79 79 MB 178 179.7 MB 476.3 486.2 FD 524 525 MB 543 554 MB
35
Table 4: Location and Description of Habitats at Sites 51-8 Start Finish Type Width Depth Sub 1 Sub 2 Habitats between Points A-C
0 14.5 RN 0.4 0.05 SG ST 14.5 23.8 RN 1 0.07 SG ST 23.8 34.7 P 1 0.15 SG ST 34.7 70.5 RN 1 0.09 SG ST 70.5 73.7 RN 0.8 0.15 SG ST 73.7 77.7 P 0.9 0.3 LG ST 77.7 100 RN 1.8 0.26 ST LG 100 112 G 1.5 0.3 ST LG 112 124 RN 2.1 0.34 C B 124 143 RF 0.6 0.1 ST SG 143 212 RN 1.1 0.1 ST SG 212 262 RN 1.3 0.15 ST SG 262 275.5 RN 1.1 0.35 SD ST
275.5 336.8 RN 0.6 0.4 SD ST 336.8 340.2 P 1.4 0.21 ST C 340.2 345.7 RN 1.1 0.3 C LG 361.9 364.8 RN 1.1 0.1 SG ST 364.8 370.4 RF 1.4 0.02 SG ST 370.4 364.8 RN 0.8 0.16 SG ST 400.7 405.7 RF 1 0.05 SG C 405.7 412.3 RN 0.8 0.1 SG ST 412.3 419.4 RF 1.2 0.04 LG C 419.4 438.9 RN 1.5 0.13 SG ST 438.9 485.3 RF 1.1 0.08 SG ST 485.3 493.1 RN 1.4 0.11 LG ST
Habitats between points B-C 0 6.5 RN 1.1 0.15 LG ST
6.5 7.8 RF 0.9 0.07 C LG 7.8 18.6 RN 1 0.01 C LG
18.6 25.6 RF 0.8 0.03 C LG 25.6 39.3 RN 1 0.1 C LG 26.6 27.7 RN 1 0.05 C LG 39.3 42.2 RF 0.9 0.08 C LG 42.2 72 RN 1 0.09 LG C 72 86.1 P 1.6 0.35 C LG
86.1 89.8 RN 1.4 0.7 LG SG 89.8 93 RF 0.6 0.05 LG SG 93 94.4 RN 0.7 0.07
94.4 95 RF 0.7 0.08 C LG 95 95 C
95.3 95 P 2 0.1 97 100 RN 0.8 0.12 LG SG
27.7 35 RN 2.5 0.29 LG SG Habitats between points C-D
45.1 50 RN 1.3 0.13 LG ST 50 55.4 RF 1.3 0.08 SG SD
55.4 59.3 RN 1.4 0.2 SG SD 59.3 61.5 RF 0.9 0.2 LG SG 61.5 63.9 RN 1.2 0.2 LG SD 63.9 68.2 P 1.4 0.35 ST LG 68.2 75 RN 1.5 0.3 LG ST 79 83.3 RF 0.9 0.11 LG SG
83.3 85.8 RN 1.2 0.2 LG SG 85.8 100 RF 1.3 0.19 C LG 100 103.2 RF 1.2 0.1 C LG
103.2 109.2 RN 1.3 0.15 SG SD
Table 4 continued Start Finish Type Width Depth Sub 1 Sub 2 109.2 111.8 RF 0.6 0.23 LG ST 111.8 116.6 RN 0.9 0.18 C LG 116.6 117.2 C 1.3 0.15 C 117.2 125.4 RN 1.5 0.25 C LG 125.4 130.5 P 1.5 0.3 LG ST 130.5 142.3 RF 0.7 0.15 LG ST 142.3 144 P 2.4 0.3 C LG 154.8 159.3 RF 2.1 0.09 C LG 159.3 164.3 P 1.9 0.5 LG SG 164.3 166.9 RN 1 0.19 LG SG 166.9 167.8 C 0.7 0.05 B 167.8 168 P 2.3 0.3 ST SD 171.8 176.8 RN 1.2 0.19 LG ST 176.8 178 P 1.5 0.4 ST SG 180.9 182.8 RN 1.4 0.2 C ST 182.8 185.2 C 1 0.1 C 185.2 189.8 RN 0.9 0.1 LG ST 189.8 194.3 RF 0.9 0.1 LG ST 194.3 202.3 RN 1.5 0.15 LG SG 202.3 204.5 RF 1 0.1 C 204.5 210.8 RN 1 0.17 LG SD 210.8 214.5 RF 0.8 0.1 C 214.5 220.6 RN 1.5 0.2 LG SD 220.6 224.7 RF 0.8 0.1 ST LG 224.7 236 RN 1.5 0.2 LG ST 265.8 266.1 RN 1.6 0.07 LG SG 266.1 268 P 1.4 0.36 ST SG 273.8 275.2 RF 0.8 0.07 LG SG 275.2 282.2 RN 1.3 0.15 SG LG 282.2 293.4 RF 1.5 0.1 LG SG 300 301 RF 1.4 0.1 LG SG
301.2 302.5 P 1.7 0.3 C ST 302.5 305 C 1.5 0.1 C LG 305 311.5 RF 1.5 0.12 LG SG
311.5 314.3 RN 1.5 0.2 LG SG 314.3 327.9 C 1.3 0.2 C LG 327.9 341 RF 1.5 0.1 C LG 352.1 363.7 C 2 0.15 B C 363.7 369 C 1.5 0.1 C LG 369 372.3 RF 2 0.15 B C
372.3 374 RN 1.4 0.14 374 375.6 C 1.4 0.09 C LG
375.6 378.5 P 2 0.45 SD LG 385.2 400 RF 1.5 0.15 LG SG 400 405.6 RN 1.9 0.3 LG SG
405.6 440.7 RF 1.7 0.1 LG C 440.7 457.8 RN 1.9 0.23 LG SG 457.8 463.8 P 2 0.45 LG SG 463.8 476.3 RN 2.2 0.4 LG SG 481 500 RF 1.1 0.1 LG SG 500 524 RN 2.1 0.235 LG SG
528.8 542 RF 1.7 0.12 LG SG 542 552 RN 1.6 0.17 LG SG 552 558.3 RF 1.5 0.07 LG SG
558.3 562 RN 3 0.22 SG ST
36
562 567.8 RF 1.3 0.1 C LG 567.8 578.6 RN 1.5 0.2 C LG 578.6 582.1 RF 1.1 0.07 C LG
Table 4 continued Start Finish Type Width Depth Sub 1 Sub 2 582.1 587.5 RN 1.7 0.15 LG SG 587.5 600 RF 1.3 0.16 LG SG 615.5 620 RN 1.3 0.2 LG SG 620 627.6 RF 1 0.2 LG SG
627.6 642.9 RN 1.3 0.26 C LG 642.9 672 RF 1.3 0.08 LG SG 672 687.7 RN 1.3 0.2 LG SG
687.7 691.1 RF 1.3 0.1 SG ST 691.1 706.1 RN 1.4 0.2 LG SG 706.1 707.2 RF 1.7 0.07 C LG 707.2 719.6 RN 1.3 0.16 C LG 719.6 726 RF 1 0.1 C LG 726 750 RN 1.3 0.17 LG SG
37
Site 9 Bank Protection Works at Hangingshaw
�
�
B
AB
A
B
A
D
9
8
7
12
11
10
0 100 200 300 400 50050Meters
Table 5: Location and Description of Features at Site 9
Start Finish Feature Left Bank 394.4 396.4 EC Right Bank 210.7 206.3 RR 107.2 114 RR Both Banks
71 76.3 PO 319 343.5 PO
Table 6: Location and Description of Habitats at Site 9 Start Finish Type Width Depth Sub 1 Sub 2 0 13.1 RF 1 0.1 C LG 13.1 19.3 RN 1.5 0.2 C ST 19.3 29.1 RF 1.5 0.1 C LG 29.1 33.8 RN 1.7 0.1 SG LG 33.8 38.9 G 1.2 0.15 LG C 38.9 43.4 RF 1.3 0.1 LG C 43.4 51.4 RN 1.6 0.2 LG SG 51.4 61.9 P 1.5 0.3 LG C 61.9 77 RN 2 0.2 LG SG 76.3 84.6 RF 1.3 0.1 LG C 84.6 100 RN 2 0.25 LG ST 100 104 P 2.2 0.3 SG ST 104 108.4 RF 1.3 0.1 SG C 108.4 113 RN 1.8 0.1 LG C 113 117 RF 1.7 0.1 LG C 117 119.2 RN 1.8 0.15 LG C 119.2 136 RF 1.6 0.1 LG SG 136 140.3 RN 1.4 0.2 LG SG 140.3 144.3 RF 1.5 0.15 LG SG 144.3 180.6 RN 1.8 0.25 LG SD 180.6 198 RF 2 0.05 LG SG 198 210.7 RN 1.5 0.02 LG C 206.3 221.2 RF 1 0.1 LG SG 221.2 245.6 RN 1 0.15 LG SG 245.6 247.5 RF 1 0.1 LG SG 247.5 266.2 RN 1.6 0.2 LG SG 266.2 278.8 P 1.7 0.4 LG SG 278.8 286 RN 1.4 0.35 LG SG 286 300 P 1.5 0.5 SG LG 300 309.8 RN 1.4 0.4 LG SG 309.8 324.3 P 2 0.6 SG SD 324.3 327 RN 2.2 0.1 LG SG 327 331.2 RF 1.5 0.1 LG SG 331.2 337.6 RN 3 0.01 SG LG 337.6 343.5 RF 3 0.05 SG LG 343.5 352.5 P 1.8 0.4 SG SD 352.5 355.3 RF 1.3 0.1 LG SG 355.3 360 RN 1.5 0.1 LG SG 360 372.9 RF 1 0.1 LG C 372.9 377.2 RN 1.3 0.1 LG SG 377.2 384.4 RF 1.3 0.1 LG SG 384.4 392.5 RN 1.3 0.15 LG SG 392.5 397.2 P 2.2 0.3 LG C 397.2 399.5 RF 1.4 0.05 SG LG 399.5 402.8 RN 1.3 0.2 LG SG 402.8 409.5 RF 1 0.05 LG SG 409.5 429.7 RN 1.2 0.1 LG SG 429.7 434 RF 1.3 0.05 LG SG 434 436 RN 1.2 0.1 LG SG 436 438.2 RF 1.6 0.05 LG SG 438.2 442.6 RN 1.7 0.2 LG SG 442.6 451.2 P 2 0.5 SG LG 451.2 455.7 RF 1 0.1 LG SG 455.7 460.2 RN 1 0.1 LG SG
38
460.2 464.9 RF 1.5 0.05 SG LG 464.9 469 RN 1.2 0.3 SG LG 469 480.1 P 1.9 0.4 SG SD 480.1 491.4 RN 1 0.2 SG SD
39
Site 10 Underbridge 52
�
�
A
B
AB
A
B
A
9
12
11
10
0 100 200 300 400 50050Meters
Table 7: Location and Description of Features at Site 10 Start Finish Feature Left Bank 190 195 PO 289 345 PO Right Bank 190 195 PO 289 345 PO Channel 360 364 Confluence
Table 8: Location and Description of Habitats at Site 10 Start Finish Type Width Depth Sub 1 Sub 2 0 10 RN 0.5 0.3 LG SD 10 19 RF 0.5 0.2 LG SD 19 22 RN 0.7 0.3 SD LG 22 35 RF 0.7 0.2 LG SG 35 49 RN 0.5 0.25 LG SD 49 60 RF 0.5 0.25 LG SG 60 87 RN 0.8 0.3 SD SG 87 90 RF 1 0.1 LG SD 90 100 P 1.25 0.4 SD SG 100 110 RF 1.4 0.1 SG LG 110 119 RN 1.4 0.2 SG SD 119 122 RF 1.6 0.1 SG SD 122 135 RN 1.6 0.2 SG SD 135 149 RF 2 0.1 SG LG 149 187 RN 2 0.15 SG LG 187 198 RF 2 0.1 SG LG 198 215 RN 2 0.3 SG LG 215 238 RF 2.3 0.08 LG SG 238 251 RN 2.5 0.1 LG SG 251 262 RF 2.5 0.12 LG SG 262 273 RN 2.5 0.1 LG SG 273 285 RF 2.5 0.08 LG SG 285 314 RN 2.5 0.1 LG SG 314 329 RF 2.5 0.2 SG SD 329 337 P 3 0.3 SD SG 337 341 RN 2.7 0.2 SG SD 341 357 RF 2.7 0.2 SG LG 357 368 RN 2.7 0.2 SG LG 368 444 RF 2.7 0.15 SG SD 444 448 RN 3 0.2 ST SD 448 460 RF 3.2 0.15 C LG 460 500 RF 8 0.25 C LG
40
Sites 11 and 12 River Bank Protection Works and Culvert Renewal at Haltree
�
�
�
�
AB
A
B
AB
A
B
A
13
12
11
10
0 100 200 300 400 50050Meters
Table 9: Location and Description of Features at Sites 11 and 12 Start Finish Feature Left Bank 98 190 LS 190 236 EC 309 410 RR 420 435 EC 450 478 EC Right Bank 156 229 SB 190 236 SB Both Banks 279 294 FD Channel 85 145 MB
Table 10: Location and Description of Habitats at Sites 11 and 12 Start Finish Type Width Depth Sub 1 Sub 2 0 4 P 7.3 0.9 LG SD 4 14 RF 0.3 LG C 14 48 BSW 0.25 C LG 48 65 RF 0.2 C LG 65 69 RN 0.4 C LG 69 85 P 0.7 LG C 85 107 BSW 3.2 0.2 LG C 107 137 RN 0.4 LG C 137 143 RF 0.2 C LG 143 153 BSW 0.25 C LG 153 220 RF 8 0.12 C LG 220 230 BSW 0.25 C LG 230 258 RN 0.3 LG C 258 286 RF 0.2 LG SG 286 324 BSW 5.5 0.2 LG SG 324 338 RF 0.15 LG SG 338 359 RN 7.5 0.25 LG C 359 488 RF 0.15 C LG 488 500 BSW 6 0.2 C LG
41
Site 13 Underbridge 53
�
�
�
�
B
AB
A
BA
B
A
16
15
14
13
12
11
0 100 200 300 400 50050Meters
Table 11: Location and Description of Features at Site 13 Start Finish Feature Left Bank 58 59 PO 60 61 PO 114 118 PO 135 150 EC 198 257 EC 265 304 SB 305 310 Tributary 331 334 Tributary 333 352 RR 352 360 RR 416 462 RR 491 495 RR Right Bank 0 15 SB 15 23 EC 39 54 EC 41 50 SB 83 90 SB 98 114 C 105 125 C 146 188 EC 209 256 SB 259 323 EC 329 365 SB 388 450 EC Both Banks 150 157 PO Channel 73 81 MB
Table 12: Location and Description of Habitats at Site13 Start Finish Type Width Depth Sub 1 Sub 2 0 9 G 6.5 0.4 LG C 9 21 RF 0.3 C LG 21 28 P 0.55 LG C 28 41 RN 0.4 LG C 41 79 RF 0.35 C LG 79 100 BSW 5.5 0.36 C LG 100 125 RF 0.3 LG C 125 157 RN 8.2 0.29 LG SG 157 239 RF 0.3 LG C 239 250 BSW 8.2 0.22 C LG 250 300 RN 5.2 0.29 B C 300 335 RF 0.3 C LG 335 350 BSW 9 0.185 LG SG 350 355 P 0.4 LG SG 355 370 C 0.3 C LG 370 382 P 0.7 LG SG 382 400 RN 5 0.66 LG SG 400 450 RF 8.3 0.21 LG SG 450 500 RN 7.5 0.32 LG SG
42
Sites 14 and 15 Underbridges 54 and 55
�
�
�
�
B
AB
A
B
A
BA
16
15
14
13
0 100 200 300 400 50050Meters
Table 13: Location and Description of Features at Sites 14 and 15 Start Finish Feature Left Bank 0 100 ST 100 108 EC 104 121 SB 121 168 EC 168 188 PN 188 201 EC 204 208 PO 379 435 EC 445 465 SB Right Bank 37 58 EC 89 91 PO 101 104 C 104 120 C 152 162 MB 183 192 PO 198 207 PO 232 236 EC 333 338 SB 389 428 PB 441 500 EC Channel 97 97 Weir 428 428 Tributary
Table 14: Location and Description of Habitats at Sites 14 and 15 Start Finish Type Width Depth Sub 1 Sub 2 0 2.5 C 6.7 0.4 C LG 2.5 9.5 BSW 0.4 C LG 9.5 24.4 RF 0.4 LG C 24.4 50 G 8 0.4 LG SG 50 96.9 RN 0.3 LG C 96.9 103 C 6 0.25 B C 103 109 BSW 0.35 B C 109 118 P 0.7 C B 118 145 G 0.6 C LG 145 150 RF 10 0.23 C LG 150 170.5 BSW 0.25 C LG 170.5 190 P 0.3 LG C 190 200 RF 8.4 0.275 ST C 200 221 RN 0.3 ST LG 221 228 RF 0.25 ST LG 228 300 RN 8 0.5 LG ST 300 350 RF 12 0.22 LG SG 350 380 RN 12 0.25 C LG 380 395 BSW 9 0.1 C LG 395 426.4 RF 0.2 LG C 426.4 441.1 BSW 0.25 C LG 441.1 450 P 10 0.75 SD LG 450 500 RN 9 0.6 ST LG
43
Site 16 Underbridge 56
�
�
�
�
B
AB
A
B
A
BA
17
16
15
14
13
0 100 200 300 400 50050Meters
Table 15: Location and Description of Features at Site 16 Start Finish Feature Left Bank 0 15 SB 15 40 EC 45 55 EC 62 73 EC 95 100 SB 100 112 ST 112 116 SB 119 122 SB 131 134 SB 146 150 SB 229 243 GA Right Bank 45 50 RR 93 100 EC 100 112 SB 122 138 EC 229 243 GA Channel 62 66 MB
Table 16: Location and Description of Habitats at Site 16 Start Finish Type Width Depth Sub 1 Sub 2 0 9.6 P 7.8 0.7 B C 9.6 40 BSW 0.5 C LG 40 50 P 13 0.77 SG LG 50 60.7 RN 0.5 LG C 60.7 72 BSW 0.35 C LG 72 90 RF 10 0.46 C LG 90 96 RN 0.5 C LG 96 105 C 8 0.3 B C 105 125.6 BSW 0.4 C B 125.6 133.8 RF 0.4 C B 133.8 145.6 P 0.7 C LG 145.6 171.5 RN 8 0.35 C LG 171.5 179.2 RF 0.3 B C 179.2 187.1 BSW 0.3 B C 187.1 200 RN 9 0.475 B C 200 237.9 RF 0.3 B C 237.9 244 BSW 8.8 0.25 B C
44
Site 17 Culvert Renewal at Fountainhall
�
�
B
A
B
A
BA
18
17
16
0 100 200 300 400 50050Meters
Table 17: Location and Description of Features at Site 17 Start Finish Feature Left Bank 0 2.5 C 7 10 EC 26 28 FD 43 44.5 EC 69 83 C Right Bank 0 2.5 C 16 26 EC 26 28 FD 69 83 C
Table 18: Location and Description of Habitats at Site 17 Start Finish Type Width Depth Sub 1 Sub 2 0 2.5 RN 0.8 0.02 A 2.5 6.1 P 2.8 0.31 A 6.1 8.6 RF 0.02 SG ST 8.6 11.1 RN 0.03 SG ST 11.1 15.9 RF 0.02 SG ST 15.9 28.7 RN 0.02 SG ST 28.7 37.5 RF 1.4 0.03 SG ST 37.5 42.5 RN 0.03 SG ST 42.5 45.6 RF 0.05 SG ST 45.6 50 RN 1.7 0.07 SG ST 50 63.3 RF 0.05 SG ST 63.3 65 P 0.1 C SG 65 66.8 RF 0.6 0.03 C SG 66.8 69.4 P 0.1 C SG 69.4 83 RF 1 0.04 A
45
Site 18 Bank Protection Works at Pirntation
�
�
�
A
B
A
B
A
B
A
20
19
18
17
0 100 200 300 400 50050Meters
Table 19: Location and Description of Features at Site 18 Start Finish Feature Left Bank 0 28 SB 48 54 SB 55 95 PO 95 123 PB 124 184 EC 183 188 WP Left Bank 188 202 SB 224 240 PB 245 256 SB 345 352 SB 363 397 EC 397 400 RR Right Bank 0 17 SB 80 86 EC 86 102 UC 104 114 RR 114 120 EC 114 142 WP 143 168 SB 188 220 EC 231 235 EC 235 243 RR 243 259 EC & UC 257 260 TD 372 400 SB
Table 20: Location and Description of Habitats at Site 18 Start Finish Type Width Depth Sub 1 Sub 2 0 36 RF 8 0.22 C LG 36 57.6 P 8 0.4 C LG 57.6 96 RN 8 0.4 C LG 96 100 RF 8 0.155 LG C 100 138 P 7 1 SG SD 138 178 RN 5.7 0.35 C LG 178 200 RF 6.7 0.225 C LG 200 206.8 BSW 0.3 B C 206.8 225.3 RF 0.2 B C 225.3 229.9 BSW 0.35 B C 229.9 247 P 7 0.6 C B 247 250 RN 7 0.4 C LG 250 260.1 P 9 2 C LG 260.1 279 RN 9 0.16 C LG 279 289.9 RF 0.2 C LG 289.9 317 BSW 9 0.3 C B 317 355 P 9 0.7 C B 355 368.3 RN 9 0.3 C LG 368.3 379.9 RF 0.3 C LG 379.9 396 RN 0.3 C LG 396 400 BSW 8 0.3 C LG
46
Site 19 Underbridge 60
�
�
AB
AB
A
B
A
B
A
21
20
19
18
0 100 200 300 400 50050Meters
Table 21: Location and Description of Features at Site 19 Start Finish Feature Left Bank 61 102 SB 102 137 EC 113 137 WP 137 144 SB 171 173 SB 202 207 EC 285 299 RR 331 344 EC 353 391 EC 391 410 EC 410 429 EC Right Bank 10 53 EC 21 38 EC 38 41 PO 41 52 EC 54 99 EC 103 120 C 145 166 EC 166 170 SB 203 224 EC 232 254 EC 257 269 SB 377 391 SB 414 417 SB
Table 22: Location and Description of Habitats at Site 19 Start Finish Type Width Depth Sub 1 Sub 2 0 24.2 RN 11.5 0.19 C LG 24.2 65 RF 11.5 0.165 C LG 65 82.7 RN 0.32 C LG 82.7 97.3 RF 0.2 C B 97.3 105.3 BSW 6 0.21 B C 105.3 149.3 RF 10 0.23 B C 149.3 155.4 BSW 0.2 C B 155.4 180.7 RF 10 0.2 C LG 180.7 200 P 10.7 0.5 ST SG 200 210.4 RN 0.38 SG LG 210.4 214.6 P 0.5 LG C 214.6 329 RN 9.5 0.38 B C 329 342 BSW 9 0.2 C LG 342 378.4 RF 8.5 0.3 C LG 378.4 426 RN 12 0.23 C LG 426 460 RF 16 0.15 LG ST 460 464 P 10 0.6 ST SD 464 471.6 RF 8.3 0.3 A 471.6 475.7 RN 0.35 C LG 475.7 481.7 RF 8.3 0.3 C LG 481.7 500 RN 6.4 0.415 C B
47
Site 20 Underbridge 61
�
�
�
B
AB
AB
A
B
A
22
21
20
19
0 100 200 300 400 50050Meters
Table 23: Location and Description of Features at Site 20 Start Finish Feature Left Bank 25.5 35 SB 73 90 SB 97 110 C 141 218 RR 274 304 SB 352 359 SB 363 407 RR 425 432 SB Right Bank 31 35 SB 35 84 C 84 97 C 100 136 SB 139 158 SB 159 173 SB 179 212 SB 240 314 EC 266 270 SB 314 326 C 326 331 EC 331 350 C 351 374 UC 374 386 SB 407 450 UC
Table 24: Location and Description of Habitats at Site 20 Start Finish Type Width Depth Sub 1 Sub 2 0 39.6 RN 9.3 0.27 C LG 39.6 110 RF 10.5 0.14 C LG 110 120 BSW 8 0.2 C LG 120 132 P 8 0.22 C LG 132 162 RF 7 0.15 C LG 162 214 RN 5.7 0.3 LG SG 214 222 RF 9 0.1 LG SG 222 302.7 RN 8.9 0.47 LG SG 302.7 313.6 RF 8.5 0.25 LG SG 313.6 331.3 RN 9.6 0.35 C LG 331.3 365 RF 9.3 0.1 C LG 365 383 P 7.6 1 ST SD 383 411.5 RN 8.3 0.3 SG ST 411.5 485.8 RF 9.8 0.15 C LG 485.8 500 P 11 1.3 LG SD
48
Site 21 Bank Protection Works at Pirn
�
�
�
A
B
AB
AB
A
B
A
24
23
22
21
20
19
0 100 200 300 400 50050Meters
Table 25: Location and Description of Features at Site 21 Start Finish Feature Left Bank 24.4 40 SB 49 62 SB 65 87.4 UC 87.4 106.5 WP 196.4 50.5 FD 250.5 268 SB 255 260 FD 261.7 258.3 WP 275 275 Tributary 298.1 300.7 ST 444 487 RR 472.8 199.5 SB 0 58 EC Right Bank 45 53 WP 114 115 Tributary 124.5 132.8 Bank protection 137.3 151.5 ST 162 193 WP 321.1 325.6 ST 340 350.5 SB Channel 110 150 MB
Table 26: Location and Description of Habitats at Site 21 Start Finish Type Width Depth Sub 1 Sub 2 0 103 RF 8 0.15 C LG 103 146.4 P 8 1.1 ST LG 164.4 178.5 RN 9.5 0.25 LG C 178.5 257.5 RF 8 0.2 C LG 257.5 291 RN 9.5 0.35 C LG 291 328.4 RF 7.5 0.2 C B 328.4 372.3 RN 8 0.3 LG B 372.3 392.4 RF 8 0.15 LG C 392.4 417.4 RN 10 0.225 LG C 417.4 448 RF 10 0.15 LG B 448 472.8 RF 11 0.15 LG SG 450 500 RF 1 0.05 LG SG
49
Site 22 Bank Protection Works at Pirn
�
�
�
AB
A
B
AB
AB
A
B
25
24
23
22
21
20
0 100 200 300 400 50050Meters
Table 27: Location and Description of Features at Site 22 Start Finish Feature Left Bank 84.5 100 EC 100 165.3 TD 166.9 185 EC 185 214.6 PB 263 268 PO 352.8 358.8 PO 382 448 SB 461 500 RR Right Bank 1.5 30 EC 30 47 UC 100 168.8 SB 125 169 WP 169 195 EC 195 213.8 RR 272 274 PO 285.5 290.7 EC 319.5 465 EC 453.4 482.3 PB
Table 28: Location and Description of Habitats at Site 22 Start Finish Type Width Depth Sub 1 Sub 2 0 5 RF 11 0.2 C LG 5 87.8 RN 17 0.1 LG C 87.8 219 RF 12 0.2 C LG 219 270.7 RN 13 0.2 C LG 270.7 297 RF 13 0.1 LG SG 297 379.5 RN 13 0.2 C LG 379.5 450 RF 8 0.1 C LG 450 462 BSW 8 0.3 B C 462 500 RN 10 0.2 LG SG
50
Site 24 Bank Protection Works at Weatherstane
�
�
�
AB
AB
A
B
AB
A
B
AB
27
26
25
24
23
22
0 100 200 300 400 50050Meters
Table 29: Location and Description of Features at Site 24 Start Finish Feature Left Bank 0 10.4 EC 10.4 94.7 EC 335.5 359.4 RR 359.4 391.8 RR Right Bank 0 10.4 SB 142.5 161 RR 161 270.3 UC 294 406 SB 299 335.5 SB 335.5 359.4 SB 391.8 417.1 SB Channel 481.2 500 MB
Table 30: Location and Description of Habitats at Site 24 Start Finish Type Width Depth Sub 1 Sub 2 0 10.4 RN 10 0.25 C LG 10.4 17 RF 10 0.12 C LG 17 83.7 RF 7.2 0.16 C LG 83.7 94.7 BSW 6 0.13 C LG 94.7 121.3 RF 7 0.3 C LG 121.3 129.3 RF 7.5 0.15 C LG 129 142.5 P 7 0.55 C LG 142.5 161 RN 9.4 0.16 LG SG 161 270.3 RN 8.2 0.75+ SG ST 270.3 299 RN 10.5 0.33 LG C 299 310 RF 10.5 0.1 C LG 310 321.3 BSW 7 0.1 C LG 321.3 335.5 RN 4 0.35 C LG 335.5 344 BSW 4 0.35 C LG 344 359.4 RF 6 0.55 C B 359.4 391.8 RN 7.2 0.5 LG C 391.8 417.1 RN 8.3 0.5 LG C 417.1 450 RN 9 0.35 C LG 450 481.2 RF 13.3 0.15 C LG 481.2 500 BSW 10.26 0.17 C LG
51
Site 25 Underbridge 65
�
�
�
AB
A
B
AB
A
B
27
26
25
24
23
0 100 200 300 400 50050Meters
Table 31: Location and Description of Features at Site 25 Start Finish Feature Left Bank 108 121.5 ST 138 142 C 143 172.4 UC 143 172.4 UC Right Bank 0 19 UC 19 90 PO 108.5 112.5 SB 130 133 C 232 236.7 EC 236.7 300 UC Channel 143 172.4 MB
Table 32: Location and Description of Habitats at Site 25 Start Finish Type Width Depth Sub 1 Sub 2 0 19.1 RF 10.5 0.11 C LG 19.1 31.6 RN 7.2 0.185 C LG 31.6 33.6 RF 0.15 C LG 33.6 90 RN 8 0.295 C LG 90 109 RF 9 0.23 LG C 109 130 RN 6 0.21 C LG 130 142 BSW 4 0.225 B C 142 143 C 6 0.3 B C 143 172.4 P 7.6 0.7 LG SG 172.4 200 RN 8.4 0.35 LG SG 200 222.7 RN 8.2 0.4 C B 222.7 228.6 BSW 7 0.27 B C 228.6 232 C 7 0.15 B C 232 236.7 BSW 7 0.3 B ST 236.7 276.2 RF 7.6 0.33 B C 276.2 300 RN 10 0.45 C LG 300 339 RN 9 0.35 C LG 339 352.4 RF 9 0.24 C LG 352.4 378.4 RF 8 0.28 C B 378.4 391.3 C 7.5 0.19 C LG 391.3 398.4 BSW 6 0.3 C LG 398.4 402 C 6.5 0.15 C LG 402 435.3 RN 6.7 0.4 C LG 435 458.6 BSW 7.2 0.2 C LG 458.6 500 RN 7.7 0.33 C LG
52
Site 26 Underbridge 67
�
�
�
AB
AB
A
B
AB
A
B
28
27
26
25
24
23
0 100 200 300 400 50050Meters
Table 33: Location and Description of Features at Site 26 Start Finish Feature Left Bank 97 100 SB 112 120 ST 120 138 EC 138 144 SB 150 153 SB 288 305 UC 416 427 SB 491 500 RR Right Bank 118 132 EC 132 137 SB 137 139 EC 144 146 SB 161 174 UC 174 188 PO 191 226 SB 306 312 SB 320 325 SB 348 357 ST 376 411 EC 458 490 EC Channel 102 126 MB
Table 34: Location and Description of Habitats at Site 26 Start Finish Type Width Depth Sub 1 Sub 2 0 4.7 RF 6.7 0.07 LG C 4.7 44 RN 8 0.4 LG ST 44 76.3 P 9 1+ LG ST 76.3 97 RN 10 0.3 LG C 97 100 C 5 0.25 C LG 100 103.2 P 4.2 0.63 C LG 103.2 109.5 BSW 4 0.33 LG SG 109.5 145 RF 6 0.3 C LG 145 188.2 RN 9.7 0.335 LG C 188.2 193 RF 7.2 0.14 C LG 193 200 RN 7.2 0.25 C LG 200 209.1 BSW 0.2 C B 209.1 261 RF 6.5 0.2 C B 261 273.5 BSW 0.2 C B 273.5 285 RF 6 0.36 C LG 285 340.3 RN 6.6 0.3 C LG 340.3 356 P 7 0.71 C SG 356 376.6 RN 7.3 0.46 C SG 376.6 407 RF 6.8 2.6 C LG 407 412 BSW 0.3 C LG 412 431 RN 5.8 0.39 C LG 431 434.4 BSW 0.25 C LG 434.4 450 RN 5 0.3 C LG 450 459.6 BSW 0.25 C LG 459.6 500 RN 6 0.52 C LG
53
Site 27 Bank Protection Works at Gala Bank
�
�
B
AB
AB
A
B
AB
28
27
26
25
24
0 100 200 300 400 50050Meters
Table 35: Location and Description of Features at Site 27 Start Finish Feature Left Bank 0 13 RR 13 28 UC 108 116 SB 117 124 UC 161 163 SB 196 201 EC 229.5 231 SB 452 452 Tributary 453 461 EC 468 484 UC Right Bank 14 21 SB 37 68 EC 90 100 WP 100 158 RR 116 135 ST 158 162 SB 197 200 SB 257 268 SB 279 291 RR 306 332 SB 333 350 EC 361 387 SB 410 411 UC 452 461 SB 481 486 SB 446 500 RR Channel 439 439 Weir
Table 36: Location and Description of Habitats at Site 27 Start Finish Type Width Depth Sub 1 Sub 2 0 9.7 RN 6 0.35 B C 9.7 14.5 RF 0.35 B C 14.5 22.5 BSW 0.35 B C 22.5 84 RN 6.3 0.385 C LG 84 93 RF 7 0.2 C LG 93 116 RN 6 0.32 C LG 116 123.3 P 8.3 0.5 B C 123.3 156.8 RN 9 0.4 LG SG 156.8 180.2 RF 7.3 0.25 C LG 180.2 191.9 RN 7 0.3 C LG 191.9 223 BSW 7 0.225 C LG 223 313 RN 8.9 0.25 LG SG 313 319 RF 9.4 0.205 C LG 319 364.5 RN 7.3 0.38 C LG 364.5 388.4 RF 6.8 0.175 C LG 388.4 433.4 RN 6.6 0.33 C LG 433.4 444.7 RF 7 0.1 C LG 444.7 500 P 7 0.6 C B
54
Site 28 Bank Protection Works at Gala Bank
B
AB
AB
28
27
0 100 200 300 400 50050Meters
Table 37: Location and Description of Features at Site 28 Start Finish Feature Left Bank 79 94 SB 99 104 SB 141 146 SB 166 168 SB 180 192 EC 350 400 UC 455 500 UC Right Bank 2 15 RR 13 19 SB 31 37 UC 58 70 SB 104 115 EC 108 110.5 PO 110 118 ST 115 173 UC 165 172 SB 200 224 RR 224 250 EC 251 358.7 RR 400 455 SB 480 500 SB Channel 400 455 MB
Table 38: Location and Description of Habitats at Site 28 Start Finish Type Width Depth Sub 1 Sub 2 0 12.7 P 8 0.75 B C 12.7 17 RN 8 0.395 C LG 17 28.6 RF 10.4 0.145 C LG 28.6 68.5 P 10 0.565 C LG 68.5 96.9 BSW 8.5 0.135 C LG 96.9 156.8 RN 7 0.4 C B 156.8 176 RF 10 0.15 C LG 176 200 RN 7.5 0.435 C LG 200 238.6 P 8 1.3 C LG 238.6 400 RN 10 0.5 C LG 400 420.1 RF 13 0.25 LG SG 420.1 432.5 BSW 5 0.25 LG SG 432.5 455 RF 5 0.25 C LG 455 460.4 BSW 8 0.05 LG SG 460.4 481.9 P 7.5 0.7+ SG ST 481.9 500 RN 7 0.25 LG SG
55
Site 29 Bank Protection Works at Stow
�
B
A
B
A
30
29
0 100 200 300 400 50050Meters
Table 39: Location and Description of Features at Site 29 Start Finish Feature Left Bank 26 45.7 SB 47 108.2 EC 121.7 133.1 SB 123.2 187 SB 128.2 190 EC 148 151 SB 151 169.7 EC 155.6 166.3 SB 196 215.2 RR 248.3 285.9 EC 310.3 420 UC 431 460.4 UC 463.4 511.7 EC 527 542.7 UC 558.4 563.1 EC Right Bank 0 29 EC 43 46 PO 59 105.3 SB 183 196.5 RR 262.6 285.9 RR 431 457 RR
Table 40: Location and Description of Habitats at Site 29 Start Finish Type Width Depth Sub 1 Sub 2 0 44.2 RN 9 0.3 LG 44.2 166.3 RF 7 0.2 LG C 166.3 259.3 RN 10 0.2 LG SG 259.3 282.3 RF 9 0.1 LG SG 282.3 336.8 RN 7 0.2 LG C 336.6 351 RF 7 0.2 B C 351 460.1 RN 9 0.3 LG B 460.1 477.1 RF 9 0.1 LG C 477.1 566.6 RN 11 0.2 C LG 566.6 574.7 RF 11 C LG 574.7 588 C 11 0.1 C B 588 600 RN 8 0.3 C LG
56
Site 30 Underbridge 70
�
�
A
B
A
B
A
30
29
0 100 200 300 400 50050Meters
Table 41: Location and Description of Features at Site 30 Start Finish Feature Left Bank 17.5 28.3 RR 51.2 87 EC 107 115 SB 121.6 134.1 SB Right Bank 100 128 Dry channel 105 117 C 221 241 SB Both Banks 14 17.5 FD 169.5 173.5 FD
Table 42: Location and Description of Habitats at Site 30 Start Finish Type Width Depth Sub 1 Sub 2 0 18.6 RF 4 0.1 C B 18.6 27.9 BSW 5 0.1 B C 27.9 53.2 RF 4.5 0.1 C B 53.2 63.2 RN 5 0.2 C B 63.2 90.4 RF 6 0.1 B C 90.4 103 RN 7.5 0.2 B C 103 115 C 4 0.1 B C 115 136.8 RF 6.5 0.1 C B 136.8 175 RN 7 0.2 C LG 175 250 RF 8 0.1 C LG
57
Site 31 Underbridge 72
�
�
�
�
A
BA
B
A
36
35
34
3332
31
0 100 200 300 400 50050Meters
Table 43: Location and Description of Features at Site 31 Start Finish Feature Left Bank 0 30 RR 43.4 46 UC 46 100 EC 91 138 SB 137 153 EC 162 180 SB 254 263 SB 371 374 SB Right Bank 72 74 SB 101 109 WP 112 186 RR 240 244 EC 249 253 SB 411 417 SB 436 473 SB 477 477 Tributary Channel 140 144 MB
Table 44: Location and Description of Habitats at Site 31 Start Finish Type Width Depth Sub 1 Sub 2 0 4.4 RN 8 0.215 C LG 4.4 12.2 RF 8 0.185 C LG 12.2 29.6 RN 8.7 0.465 C LG 29.6 44.5 RF 7.5 0.215 C LG 44.5 85 RN 9.5 0.415 C LG 85 95.5 RF 8 0.12 LG C 95.5 114.8 C 4 0.48 C LG 114.8 136.8 RN 4.5 0.495 LG SG 136.8 168.5 RF 9 0.275 C LG 168.5 216.5 RN 9.8 0.48 C LG 216.5 231.7 RF 9.8 0.28 C LG 231.7 255.6 RN 9 0.43 C LG 255.6 276.4 RF 9 0.25 C LG 276.4 433.8 RN 15 0.35 LG SG 433.8 470.3 RF 17 0.16 C LG 470.3 500 RN 12 0.55 LG SG
58
Site 33 Underbridge 74
�
�
�
�
B
A
BA
B
A
36
35
34
3332
31
0 100 200 300 400 50050Meters
Table 45: Location and Description of Features at Site 33 Start Finish Feature Left Bank 0 20 UC 71 81 SB 100 118 SB Right Bank 0 19 RR 20 26 EC Right Bank 40 52 UC 67 78 EC 91 99 EC 100 127 SB 220 240 RR 255 302 RR
Table 46: Location and Description of Habitats at Site 33 Start Finish Type Width Depth Sub 1 Sub 2 0 25 RN 10.6 0.45 LG ST 25 50 RN 12 0.4 C LG 50 99 RN 15 0.225 LG SG 99 122.3 P 16 1.05 ST SG 122.3 162 RN 14 0.42 C B 162 200 RF 15 0.145 C C 200 222.3 BSW 13 0.15 C C 222.3 243.6 RF 8.8 0.3 C LG 243.6 335 RN 10.4 0.385 LG SG
59
Sites 34-36 Underbridges 77 and 78, Bank Protection Works at Bowshank South
�
�
�
�
A
B
A
BA
B
37
36
35
34
3332
31
0 100 200 300 400 50050Meters
Table 47: Location and Description of Features at Sites 34-36 Start Finish Feature Left Bank 100 131 C 169 189.3 SB 458.1 516.4 SB 640.2 850 EC Right Bank 68 100 SP 420.2 450 SB 805 850 RR Channel 68 136.4 MB 142.6 152.3 MB
Table 48: Location and Descriptions of Habitats at Sites 34-36 Start Finish Type Width Depth Sub 1 Sub 2 0 50 RN 9.7 0.5 C B 50 68 RN 12 0.5 C B 68 100 RN 8 0.4 C LG 100 131 RN 7.7 0.5 C B 131 142.6 BSW 10 0.12 C LG 142.6 162.4 RN 13 0.2 C LG 162.4 168.5 RF 11.5 0.2 C LG 168.5 179.4 RN 11.5 0.3 C LG 179.4 200 BSW 11.5 0.25 C LG 200 214.6 RN 12 0.3 C LG 214.6 223.7 RF 12 0.2 C LG 223.7 250 BSW 10.5 0.2 C LG 250 264 RN 10 0.32 C LG 264 277.8 BSW 10.5 0.2 C LG 277.8 290.4 RN 8 0.4 C LG 290.4 327.3 BSW 8 0.28 C LG 327.3 350 RN 9 0.5 C LG 350 362.8 BSW 8.7 0.3 C LG 362.8 400 RN 9.3 0.8 C B 400 420.2 P 14 1 C B 420.2 450 RN 10 0.4 LG C 450 500 RN 13 0.38 LG C 500 523.6 RF 12 0.1 LG C 523.6 541.4 BSW 12 0.2 C LG 541.4 570.4 RF 14.5 0.16 C LG 570.4 600 RN 14.5 0.16 C LG 600 640.2 RN 13 0.65 C LG 640.2 664.2 RN 12 0.25 C LG 664.2 738.2 RF 15 0.15 C LG 738.2 776.1 RN 7.5 0.4 C LG 776.1 850 RF 14 0.2 C LG
60
Site 37 Bank Protection Works at Bowland
�
�
B
B
A
B
A
B
3938
37
36
35
0 100 200 300 400 50050Meters
Table 49: Location and Description of Features at Site 37 Start Finish Feature Left Bank 100 200 RR 288.2 380 RR 669.3 707.5 SB 816 821.5 EC 827 845.5 UC 848.5 859.4 EC Right Bank 50 51 Tributary 255 298.8 RR 392.3 510 RR 565.5 578 EC 671 740.6 EC 865.6 900 SB
Table 50: Location and Description of Habitats at Site 37 Start Finish Type Width Depth Sub 1 Sub 2 0 15.6 RN 13 0.1 B LG 15.6 47 RF 13 0.1 B LG 47 72 BSW 10 0.1 B C 72 89 RF 10 0.2 LG C 89 100 BSW 10 0.1 B C 100 125.5 P 8.5 0.7 C LG 125.5 195.5 RN 9 0.2 B C 195.5 199 RN 10 -0.3 C LG 199 228 RF 9 0.2 C B 228 255.2 RN 9 0.2 B C 255.2 295.5 P 9 0.2 B C 295.5 380.4 RF 10 0.1 C LG 380.4 420.5 RN 9 0.2 C B 420.5 506.2 RF 9 0.1 B C 506.2 648 P 12 0.5 C LG 648 673.4 RN 12 0.1 C LG 673.4 687.2 RF 10.5 0.1 C LG 687.2 714.7 BSW 7 0.2 C B 714.7 853.7 RN 9 0.4 LG C 853.7 900 RF 8 0.4 C LG
61
Site 38 Bank Protection Works at Whitlee
�
�
AB
A
B
A
B
A
B
41
40
3938
0 100 200 300 400 50050Meters
Table 51: Location and Descriptions of Features at Site 38 Start Finish Feature Left Bank 116.6 263.1 RR 270 272.9 RR 313.6 368.3 EC 396.4 450 EC 459.5 500 UC Right Bank 0 116.6 EC 196.3 256 SB 375 384 SB Channel 457 500 MB
Table 52: Location and Description of Habitats at Site 38 Start Finish Type Width Depth Sub 1 Sub 2 0 5.2 RN 15 0.3 C LG 5.2 34.8 BSW 15 0.3 C LG 34.8 116.6 RN 9 0.4 C LG 116.6 147.7 P 15 1 ST LG 147.7 167.3 RN 11 0.3 LG C 167.3 180.8 RF 8 0.2 C LG 180.8 196.3 C 5 0.2 C LG 196.3 222.6 P 8 1 LG C 222.6 247.4 RN 8 0.5 C LG 247.4 263.1 BSW 9.8 0.3 C LG 263.1 272.9 RF 10 0.3 C LG 292.9 371.1 RN 10 0.5 C LG 371.1 383.7 RF 10 0.2 C LG 383.7 396.4 BSW 10 0.15 C LG 396.4 450 RN 10.5 0.6 C LG 450 457 P 15 1 LG C 457 459.5 BSW 6.5 0.6 LG C 459.5 482.8 RN 5 LG C 482.8 500 BSW 7 0.15 LG SG
62
Site 39 Underbridge 82
�
�
AB
A
B
A
B
A
B
41
40
3938
0 100 200 300 400 50050Meters
Table 53: Location and Description of Features at Site 39 Start Finish Feature Left Bank 46 54.7 ST 78.5 104.7 EC
Table 54: Location and Description of Habitats at Site 39 Start Finish Type Width Depth Sub 1 Sub 2 21.8 23.5 P 1.6 0.2 C LG 23.5 24.3 C 1.7 0.06 C LG 24.3 32.7 P 3 0.1 C LG 32.7 33.1 C 2 0.06 C LG 33.1 34.9 P 2.5 0.08 C LG 34.9 37.1 C 2 0.05 C LG 37.1 40 P 2 0.1 C LG 40 40.4 C 1.8 0.04 C LG 40.4 42.6 P 2 0.09 C LG 42.6 43 C 2 0.04 C LG 43 44.4 P 3 0.1 C LG 44.4 46 C 3 0.05 C LG 46 54.7 RN 3 0.1 C LG 54.7 61.4 P 3 0.2 CO LG 53.6 62.3 P 2.5 0.18 CO LG 54.6 63.3 C 2.7 0.04 CO LG 64.6 73.3 C 2.3 0.06 CO LG 67.7 76.4 P 1.2 0.09 LG C 78.5 87.2 C 1.5 0.05 CO LG 82 90.7 P 1.3 0.2 CO LG 86 94.7 C 1 0.05 B C 96 104.7 P 1.6 0.15 B C 123 131.7 C 2.5 0.06 CO LG
63
Site 40 Underbridge 84
�
�
�
A
B
AB
A
B
A
B
A
43
42
41
40
3938
0 100 200 300 400 50050Meters
Table 55: Location and Description of Features at Site 40 Start Finish Feature Left Bank 26 36 UC 50 71.5 SB 69 69 Tributary 102 109 SB 117 138 SB 152 162 SB 162 178 SB 191 215 RR 231 234 EC 240 266 UC 333 395 SB 405 421 SB 438 452 SB 450 464 UC 479 499 SB Right Bank 71 88 RR 88 90 Fish farm intake & WP 102 123 C & WP 134 170 SB 141 151 EC 151 161 EC 170 180 SB 174 186 EC 194 202 SB 219 219 PB 372 400 SB 400 450 RR 420 441 EC 491 497 SB Channel 278 300 MB 300 328 MB 313 372 MB
Table 56: Location and Description of Habitats at Site 40 Start Finish Type Width Depth Sub 1 Sub 2 0 16 RN 11 0.325 C B 16 39.4 BSW 11 0.3 C B 39.4 59.3 RN 11 0.4 C B 59.3 78.5 RF 11 0.25 C B 78.5 139.3 RN 13.5 0.4 C B 139.3 170.4 BSW 9 0.25 C B 170.4 280 RN 10 0.5 B C 280 313 C 2.5 0.2 C B 313 316 RF 6 0.3 C B 316 316.5 C 6 0.3 B C 316.5 393 RF 6 0.3 B C 393 445 RN 12 0.35 C LG 445 459 RF 15 0.15 C LG 459 500 RN 15 0.32 C LG
64
Site 41 Bank Protection Works at Torwoodlee
�
�
B
A
B
AB
A
44
43
42
41
40
0 100 200 300 400 50050Meters
Table 57: Location and Description of Features at Site 41 Start Finish Feature Left Bank 52.6 102 SB 167.1 182.4 SB 250 259 PO Right Bank 0 34.5 SB 97 116 SB Right Bank 210.6 228 SB 259 278 SB 400 402 Fish Farm Intake 412 412 Fish Farm Outflow 421 430 RR Channel 24.6 51 MB 38.3 93 MB 418 421 Weir 448 475 MB 497.4 501 MB
Table 58: Location and Description of Habitats at Site 41 Start Finish Type Width Depth Sub 1 Sub 2 0 3 P 11 0.5 B C 3 11.4 RN 14 0.3 B C 11.4 56.5 C 20 0.25 B C 56.5 72.3 BSW 20 0.3 C B 72.3 89.5 RF 15 0.25 C B 89.5 116.5 C 10 0.25 C B 116.5 169.8 RN 10 0.4 C B 169.8 189.9 RF 10 0.25 C B 189.9 239.4 RN 15 0.25 B LG 239.4 287 RF 15 0.2 C B 287 309 RN 11 0.4 C LG 309 350 G 11 0.5 B C 350 418 P 1.1 421 443 RN 15 0.25 C B 443 453 RF 15 0.15 C LG 453 474.5 RN 16 0.25 C LG 474.5 500 RF 16 0.15 C B
65
Sites 42 and 43Underbridges 87 and 88
�
�
�
�
A
B
A
B
A
B
AB
A
46
45
44
43
42
41
40
0 100 200 300 400 50050Meters
Table 59: Location and Description of Features at Sites 42 and 43 Start Finish Feature Left Bank 43 90.7 SB 111.7 120.3 SP 330.7 410.3 EC 463.2 463.6 SB Right Bank 410.3 440.3 SB 485 500 ST
Table 60: Location and Description of Habitats at Sites 42 and 43 Start Finish Type Width Depth Sub 1 Sub 2 0 3.7 RF 11 0.25 C LG 3.7 63.1 RN 12 0.45 C LG 63.1 90.7 BSW 15 0.2 C LG 90.7 94.7 C 15 0.15 C LG 94.7 120.3 P 10 1 C B 120.3 186.4 RN 15 0.5 C LG 186.4 237.3 RF 15 0.15 C LG 237.3 255 BSW 7.3 0.25 C LG 237.3 255 RN 12.5 0.28 C LG 255 282.8 RN 9 1 C LG 282.8 315.7 RN 13 0.25 C LG 315.7 321.4 C 15 0.1 C LG 321.4 323.7 P 10 1.5 C LG 323.7 327.7 RN 12 0.15 C LG 327.7 330.7 C 12 0.05 LG C 330.7 339 C 4 0.55 LG C 339 355.3 BSW 8 0.4 C LG 355.3 410.3 RN 10 0.7 LG C 463.2 410.3 C 15 0.15 C LG 410.3 427.7 P 7.5 0.6 C LG 410.3 440.3 C 7.5 0.15 C LG 427.7 443.6 P 7.5 1 C LG 440.3 463.2 P 15 1.5 SG ST
66
Site 45 Underbridge 92
�
�
�
AB
A
B
A
B
A
B
46
45
44
43
42
0 100 200 300 400 50050Meters
Table 61: Location and Description of Features at Site 45 Start Finish Feature Right Bank 55 88 SP Channel 155.4 188.1 MB
Table 62: Location and Description of Habitats at Site 45 Start Finish Type Width Depth Sub 1 Sub 2 0 16.4 RN 15 0.25 C LG 16.4 39.3 RF 15 0.3 C B 39.3 55 C 10 0.2 C LG 55 79 RF 12 0.4 C LG 79 89.5 C 12 0.2 C LG 89.5 150 P 15 0.8 LG ST 150 169.8 RN 7.5 0.35 C LG 169.8 210 RF 17 0.2 C LG 210 235 C 15 0.25 C B 235 268.6 RN 10 0.38 C LG 268.6 305.8 C 13 0.25 B C 305.8 365.8 P 8 1 C B 365.8 403.3 RN 10.5 0.4 C B 403.3 425.05 RF 11 0.2 C LG 425.05 466.8 RN 13 0.4 C LG
67
Site 46 Underbridge 95
�
�
�
B
AB
A
B
A
48
47
46
0 100 200 300 400 50050Meters
Table 63: Location and Description of Features at Site 46 Start Finish Feature Left Bank 40 52 C 52 58 ST 108 127 ST 250 273.4 RR 273.4 279 C 286 329 SB Right Bank 4 11 RR 11 11 Old pipe inflow 54.8 62 RR
74 77 Artificial channel intake
77 114 ST 108 127 ST 114 118.8 GA 118.8 123 C 123 127 GA 127 273.4 RR 127 127 Outlet 273.4 279 C 279 337.4 RR 337.4 383.3 C 383.3 401.6 RR 401.6 406.5 GA 406.5 416.8 C 416.8 420 GA 420 459 RR 459 472 ST 472 500 RR Channel 79 85 Weir 194.8 216 MB
Table 64: Location and Description of Habitats at Site 46 Start Finish Type Width Depth Sub 1 Sub 2 0 21 G 14 B C 21 79 P 140.7 B C 85 102 C 21 0.25 B C 102 132 RF 7 0.1 A 132 186.6 C 7 0.2 B C 132 186.6 RF 7 0.2 C B 186.6 217 C 8 0.3 B C 217 284 G 12 0.5 C LG 284 315 RF 10 0.2 C B 315 333.7 BSW 10 0.15 B C 333.7 356.4 RN 10 0.35 C B 356.4 384 G 10 0.35 C B 384 417 RN 12 0.3 C LG 417 431.5 BSW 9 0.2 C B 431.5 460 RF 9 0.2 C LG 460 488 RN 9 0.25 C LG 488 500 RF 11 0.2 C LG
68
Site 47 Bank Protection Works at Comley Bank
�
�
B
AB
A
B
48
47
46
0 100 200 300 400 50050Meters
Table 65: Location and Description of Features at Site 47 Start Finish Feature Left Bank 0 8 SB Right Bank 0 7 ST 34 36 C
Table 66: Location and Description of Habitats at Site 47 Start Finish Type Width Depth Sub 1 Sub 2 0 7 RF 12.2 0.205 C LG 7 130 RN 17 1 C LG 130 150 P 20 1.05 C B 150 155 C 20 A 155 205 RF 20 0.3 A 205 230 BSW A 230 239 RN A 239 255 BSW A 255 285 RF A 285 320 RN A 320 338 RF A
69
Site 49 Underbridge 104
�
B
A49
0 100 200 300 400 50050Meters
Table 67: Location and Description of Features at Site 49 Start Finish Feature Left Bank 70 70 Outlet 96 124 SB 100 109 ST 210 211.4 Outlet 295 295 Outlet 305 371 EC Right Bank 184 194 SB 211.4 219 EC 240 388 PB 410 453 SB
Table 68: Location and Description of Habitats at Site 49 Start Finish Type Width Depth Sub 1 Sub 2 0 24 RN 24 149 BSW 149 416 RN C LG 416 500 RF C B
70
Annex 2. Photographs of Engineering Locations and the river in the vicinity of the Engineering Location
Figure 1 Engineering Location ID (50) - Under Bridge 45
Figure 2 Gala Water upstream of Engineering Location ID (50) - Under Bridge 45
71
Figure 3 Engineering Location ID (51) - Under Bridge 47
Figure 4 Gala Water at Engineering Location ID (51) - Under Bridge 47
72
Figure 5 Engineering Location ID (52) – Under Bridge 48
73
Figure 6 Gala Water at Engineering Location ID (4) –River Bank Protection at the Gala Water/Shoestanes Burn interface
74
Figure 7 Engineering Location ID (5) –Under Bridge 49
Figure 8 Shoestances Burn upstream of Engineering Location ID (5) –Under Bridge 49
75
Figure 9 Gala Water at Engineering Location ID (6) – River diversion under new road alignment
76
Figure 10 Engineering Location ID (7) –Culvert Replacement
Figure 11 Engineering Location ID (8) - River Bank Protection near Heriot Station
77
Figure 12 Engineering Location ID (9) - River Bank Protection near Stagebank
Figure 13 Gala Water at Engineering Location ID (9) - River Bank Protection near Stagebank
78
Figure 14 Engineering Location ID (10) – Under Bridge 52
Figure 15 Gala Water downstream of Engineering Location ID (10) – Under Bridge 52
79
Figure 16 Engineering Location ID (11) - River Bank Protection near Haltree
Figure 17 Gala Water at Engineering Location ID (11) - River Bank Protection near Haltree
80
Figure 18 Engineering Location ID (13) – Under Bridge 53
Figure 19 Gala Water downstream of Engineering Location ID (13) – Under Bridge 53
81
Figure 20 Engineering Location ID (14) – Under Bridge 54
Figure 21 Engineering Location ID (15) – Under Bridge 55
82
Figure 22 Engineering Location ID (16) – Under Bridge 56
Figure 23 Gala Water upstream of Engineering Location ID (16) – Under Bridge 56
83
Figure 24 Engineering Location ID (17) – Under Bridge 58
84
Figure 25 Engineering Location ID (18) - River Bank Protection near Burnhouse
Figure 26 Gala Water at Engineering Location ID (18) - River Bank Protection near Burnhouse
85
Figure 27 Engineering Location ID (19) - Under Bridge 60
Figure 28 Gala Water downstream of Engineering Location ID (19) - Under Bridge 60
86
Figure 29 Engineering Location ID (20) - Under Bridge 61
Figure 30 Engineering Location ID (22) - River Bank Protection near Pirn House
87
Figure 31 Gala Water upstream of Engineering Location ID (22) - River Bank Protection near Pirn House
Figure 32 Engineering Location ID (23) - Under Bridge 64
88
Figure 33 Engineering Location ID (24) - River Bank Protection near Craigs Wood
Figure 34 Gala Water downstream of Engineering Location ID (24) - River Bank Protection near Craigs Wood
89
Figure 35 Engineering Location ID (25) - Under Bridge 65
Figure 36 Engineering Location ID (26) - Under Bridge 67
90
Figure 37 Gala Water downstream of Engineering Location ID (26) - Under Bridge 67
Figure 38 Engineering Location ID (27) - River Bank Protection at Mill Bank Section 1 near Stow
91
Figure 39 Upstream section of Engineering Location ID (28) - River Bank Protection at Mill Bank Section 2 near Stow
Figure 40 Downstream section of Engineering Location ID (28) - River Bank Protection at Mill Bank Section 2 near Stow
92
Figure 41 Gala Water at Engineering Location ID (29) - River Bank Protection at Lady's Park near Stow
Figure 42 Engineering Location ID (30) - Under Bridge 70
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Figure 43 Engineering Location ID (31) - Under Bridge 72
Figure 44 Engineering Location ID (32) – Under Bridge 73B
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Figure 45 Engineering Location ID (33) –Under Bridge 74
Figure 46 Downstream of Engineering Location ID (33) –Under Bridge 74
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Figure 47 Engineering Location ID (34) - Under Bridge 77
Figure 48 Engineering Location ID (35) – River Bank Protection near Bowshank South
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Figure 49 Engineering Location ID (36) –Under Bridge 78
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Figure 50 Gala Water at Engineering Location ID (37) - River Bank Protection near Bowland
Figure 51 Engineering Location ID (38) - River Bank Protection at Whitelee House
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Figure 52 Engineering Location ID (39) - Under Bridge 82
Figure 53 Engineering Location ID (40) - Under Bridge 84
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Figure 54 Engineering Location ID (41) - River Bank Protection near Buckholm North
Figure 55 Engineering Location ID (42) – Under Bridge 87
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Figure 56 Engineering Location ID (43) –Under Bridge 88
Figure 57 Engineering Location ID (45) - Under Bridge 92
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Figure 58 Engineering Location ID (46) - Under Bridge 95
Figure 59 Downstream of Engineering Location ID (46) - Under Bridge 95
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Figure 60 The cauld near Engineering Location ID (47) – River Bank Protection in Galashiels
Figure 61 The Tweed at Engineering Location ID (49) - Under Bridge 104
