Annex 18 Market Survey

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Demand ControlledVentilating SystemsSensor Market Survey

Energy Conservation in Buildings andCommunity Systems Programme, Annex 18December 1991

Willigert Raatschen

IEA Energy Conservation


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Caution:The information contained herein does not supersede any advice or requirementsgiven in any national codes or regulations, neither is its suitability for any particularapplication guaranteed. No responsibility can be accepted for any inaccuraciesresulting from the use of this publication.

Cover: Margareta Sjogren

Swedish Council for B -


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Contents

Prefacelntemational Energy AgencyEnergy Cotlsctvation in Buildings and Community Systems'Ihe Executive CommitteeAnnex 18 - Demand Controlled Ventilating SystemsAnnex 18 - Participants1. Introduction2. Background on Sensors for DCV Systems3. Sensor Test Programme4. 2nd Market Survey on Humidity and iaq-Sensors

5. Product Information on 'Humidity Sensors'AhlbomE+E Eleldronik GmbHPeutron GmbHGalltecHY-CAL EngineeringLambrecht GmbHLandis & GyrPax E l e m Products ABRotronic AGStaefa Control Systems AG?hies GmbH & Co. KGUnitronic GmbHVaisala

6. Product Information on 'CO2 - Sensors'Aritron Instruments LTDHoriba Eutope GmbHSader-CumulusSimtad OptronicsSpegffi Induslries LTDValtronics

7. Product Information on 'Mixed-gas Sensors'Pigaro Inc.Landis & GyrSauter-CumulusStaefa Control System AG

Page


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d2" Sensor Survey on Humidity and Indoor Air Quality Sensors

8. Product Information on 'Miscellaneous Sensor Elements'E+E Elektronik GmbHFeutron GmbHFigaro Inc.HY-CAL hgineeringLambrechttke - vento bvValtronics

Appendix 1: Blank questionnaire and information sheetAppendix 2: List of contacted companies


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PrefaceInternationnl Enerev Agency?he International Energy Agency @A) was established in 1974 within the framework of theOrganization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) to implement an InternationalEnergy Programme.As one element of the Intemational Energy Programme, the participants undertake co-operativeactivities in energy research, development and demcmtration. A number of new and improvedenergy technologies which have the potential of making significant cantributions to ow energy needshave been identified for collaborative efforts. ?he IEA Committee on Energy Research andDevelopment (CRD), assisted by a mall secretariat staff, cuordinates the energy research,development and demonstration programme.

Enerrrv Conservation in Buildinps and Communitv Systems?he IEA sponsors research and development in a number of areas related to energy. In the area ofenergy conservation in building^ the IEA is sponsoring various exercises to more accurately predictthe energy use of buildings, including:

comparison of existing computer programsbuilding monitoringcomparison of calculation methods, ventilation and air qualitystudies of occupancy

Sixteen countries and the Centre of European Countries (CEC) have elected to participate in thisarea and have designated contracting parties to the Implementing Agreement that coverscollaborative research in this area. Participation was not resuicted solely to governments, but anumber of private organization& universities and laboratories were selected as contracting parties.This brought a much broader range of expertise to projects in various areas of technology. The IEArecognizes the importance of associating industry with government-sponsored energy research anddevelopment, and every effort is made to encourage this trend.

The Executive CommitteeOverall control of the R&D programme Energy Conservation in ~ui l&ngsnd Community Systemsis maintained by an Executive Committee, which not only monitors existing projects but identifiesnew areas where collaborative effort may be beneficial. The Executive Committee emres that allprojects fit into a predetermined strategy without unn- overlap or duplication, but witheffective liaison and communication. The Executive Committee has initiated the following projectsto date:

123456

Load Energy Determination of BuildingsEkistics& Advanced Community Energy SystemsEnergy Conservation in Residential BuildingsGlesgow Commercial Building Monitoring *Air Infiltration and Ventilation CentreEnergy Systems &Design of Communities *


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pd ensor survey on Humidity and Indoor Air Quality SensorsFnergy Management in HospitalsCondensetion and Fnergy *Fnergy Efficiency in SchoolsBEMS 1 - User Interfaces & System IntegrationBEMS 2 - Evaluation & Emulation TechniquesDemand Controlled Ventilating SystemsLow Slope Roof SystemsAir Flow PatternThermal Modelling of BuildingsDesign of Energy Efficient Communities & Uhan PlanningMultizone Air Flow ModellingHeat-, Xi-, oishlre Transfer in New Retmfitted Insulated Fnvelope PartsReal Time Simulation of HVAC-systems for Building Optimisation, Fault Detectionand Diagnos's(* denotes completed projects)

Annex 18 Demand Controlled Ventilating SvstemsThe subject of indoor and outdoor air quality has generated a great deal of attention in manycountries. Areas of concern include outgmhg of building materials as well as occupant-generatedpollutants such as carbon dioxide, moisture and odours.Progresshas also been made towards addressing iw es relating to the air tightness of the buildingenvelope. Indoor air quality studies indicate that belt& control of supply flow rates as well as the airdistribution pattern within buildings are. necessary. One method of maintaining good indoor airquality withcut extensive energy consvmption is to control the ventilation rate according to theneeds and demands of the occupants, or to preserve the building envelope. This is accomplishedthrough the use of demand controlled ventilating (DCV) systems.The specific objective of Annex 18 is to develop guidelines for demand controlled ventilatingsystems based on state of the art analyses, case studies on ventilation effectivenes, and proposedventilatim rates for different users in domestic, office, and school buildingsTo fulfil this objective, the work was divided into the following subtaskxSubtask A Review of existing technology

Subtask B1 Long term testing of the performance of swlsors in laboratory and fieldB2 Trials in unoccupied test buildings or test roomsB3 Field trials in occupied buildings

Subtask C Preparation of a source book on design and operation of demand controlledventilating systems

The activities of Annex 18are.a follow-up to the work undertaken by Annex 9 to establish minimumventilation rates for buildings.


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Annex 18 - P a r t i c i ~ a n t s'Ihe participants will undertake a cuordinated effort, involving the sharing of activities within theSubtnsks. Each participant will deliver a prcduct of its own to provide mpport to all Subtasks ?heparticipating countries are:

BelgiumCanadaDenmarkFederal Republic of GermanyFinlandItaly'Ihe NetherlandsNorwaySwedenSwitzerland

leader of Subtask B3leader of Subtask Aleader of Subtask B2

operating agentleader of Sub& B1 and C

IEA Annex 5, Air Infiltration and Ventilation Centre (AN C) , will act as a vehicle for disseminatingthe re s~ l ts f Annex 18.


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1. IntroductionThe work undertaken in Subtask A provides an essessnent of existing technologies and currentknowledge about Demand Controlled Ventilating (DCV) Systems.With regard to the specific goals of Annex 18 and the ongoing research work, a demand controlledventilating system is defmed in the following way:

A DCV system is a ventilation system in which the airflow rate is governed byairborne contaminants- An automatic DCV system is one in which the airflow rate is governedby an automatic conhol device.- A manual M3V system is one in which the airflow rate can be governedby the user (a human being acts as an indicator).

A DCV system can therefore consist of a time clock ccmtrol, and/or a presence control, and/or asensor control, h e r e the latter is activated by suitable gases such as carbon dioxide, humidity orh y d r d o n s to keep air quality at a desired level.

2. Background on Sensors for DCV SystemsA fundamental pre-requisite for demand controlled ventilating systems is the possibility to fmd ameamble "indicator" of the air quality. Another pre-requisite is the existence of commerciallyavailable sensors for the m e a s m d h i c h have acceptable sensitivity, accuracy, long termcharacteristics and price level.Different types of "indicators" can provide different types of information concerning the ventilationrequirements of a specific building. Furthermore, different types of sensors for the same "indicator"can give different results. Such sensors must be sensitive enough to detect changes in the air quality,requiring increased or decreased supplies of outdoor air and simultaneody be stable enough tofuncticm satisfactorily over long periods in varying envirments.Hence it is of great value to increase our knowledge of

1) which "indicators" are suitable2) which sensors are possible for the planned "indicators"3) how the different "indicators" read relative to each other4) how different sensors for cme particular "indicator" read both in the short term andin the long term.A 1s t market survey on humidity and indoor air quality (iaq) sensors was undertaken in 1988. 'lberesults were published in the Subtask A report of IEA-Annex 182 The more information andexperience concerning iaq-sensors had been gathered at that time, the more it was obvious, that theworldwide knowledge of sensor-performance (especially for mixed gas sensors) was very poor and ofcourse insufficient for the use of such sensors in DCV systems.

a Iho m p a i i s avaihblo lhrough Ihc AIVC of UniversiIy of Worwick Science Pork, Coventry CV47EZ. U K- 4 -


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3. Sensor Test ProgrammeTherefore, the IEA -Annex 18 working group decided to develop a detailed test procedure fo riaq-sensors and to conduct a broad sensor test in the laboratory and in the field 'Ihis work iscurrently under way at the Nntiond Testing Institute in BORAS/Swe&n. The tests started in slmmer1990. Th e report of the lab tes t results should be available in O ct. 91, the report of the 1 yearf ield-test m l t n spring 1992.

4. 2ndMarket Survey on Humidity and iaq-SensorsParallel to the currently running sensor test in Sweden it was decided to update the 1st marketsurvey of 1988, because new interesting developments came on the market, prices and quality hadchanged and more detailed technical information should be provided to the interesting reader.Therefore, this 2nd sensor survey devotes one page to each sensor.

ndHow the 2 mark et survey was conducted.The questionnaire with an attached 2-sided information sheet and additional information about thescope of IEA-Annex 18 and the sensor survey were distributed on June 7, 1991 to 69 companiesaround the world. It can be said, that the survey covers the &opean sensor market pretty good,whereas the United S tates may be underrepresented. Table I gives an overview about sensor productdistribution in the different countries.CounlriesAustria

The Netherlands I 1 I 1 I I 1

-FinlandGermanyIsrael

addressed1191

Sweden

Table 1:Number of sensors produced in add es ed countries

humiditysensors1

1 I 1-- -United States

ndAll compan ies, which didn't respond were addressed again by FAX at July 8, 1991. The 2 slrveywas completed on July 22, 1991.

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This report contains in Appendix 1 the questionnaire with the 2-sided information sheet, thecompleted questionnaires filled-out by the companies in alphabetical order of the company name andsplitted into the 4 groups of sensors according to Table 1. Appendix 2 lists the addreses of thecontacted c omp anies

COZ-sensors

2

21

1witzerland I 3 3

mixed gassensors

14

combined an dmiscellanmus2

4 2

2 5


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e prices in the questionnaires were converted to US$ for comparability according to Table 2.AustriaFinlandGermanyIsrael

I Sweden 1 100 wed. Krone 1 15.63 US$ I

100 Schilling

The Netherlands

I Switzerland I 1 SEX. 1 0.64 US$ I

7.86 US$100 Finmark1 DM1 Shekel

Table 2: Currency conversion as of July 19,1991

23.31 US$0.55 US$0.49 US$

Noway 1 100 now. Krone 1 14.54 US$ 100 M

Attention: Information in the questionnaires have been supplied by the sensormanufacturers themselves The author is not liable for mistakes orimproper content in this survey report. No responsibility can beaccepted for the use of data presented in this publication. It isrecommended that the reader order the latest information on a specificproduct directJy from the appropriate company.

49.18 US$


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Tho infomuUondvsn on h i m paae corns. from the manufacturer a d m not wril id by IEA . nnex 18IEA - Annex 18, Demand Controlled Ventilating Systems. 2nd Sensor Survey. May 1991Questionnaire

G!xwdAddress of manufacturer: Ahlborn Mess- und Rege lungstechnik, Eichenfeldstr. 1-3 ,

D-W-8150 Holzkirchen Tel: t49-8024-3007-0Contact person and fax.: Dieter Ahlborn, t49-8024-3007-10Sensor designation: C 84 6 / Therm 2286-2Sensor element type used: NTCMeasurement principle of sensor element: Psychrometric systemMeasuring range: 1.0..100 %RH, 0..500 g/kg obs. hum., -25..100'C dewpoint-jnfluencina factors '1Temperature: I no 1 if yes 40 Z RH: ? 2.5 X RH .


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Tha infomutionW a n on this page c a s rom V u Mnulaomrarand I#not n r i f i d by IEA - Annex 18IEA - Annex 18, Demand Controlled Ventilating Systems, 2nd Sensor Survey, May 1991[lunstionnaire

GQmLaIAddress of manufacturer: Galltec Mess- und Regeltechnik GmbH, Boschs tr.4,

0-W-7048 Bondorf Tel: t 4 9 - 7 4 5 7 - 3 0 5 6Contact person end fax.: Mr. A Gall , t49-7457-3758Sensor designation: FG120 / TFG120, room typeSensor element type used: "Polyga" from GalltecMeasurement principle of sensor element: hygroscopic stripeMeasuring range: from 25 % RH to 100 % RH

I )

Temperature: I no 1 if yes < -0.1% RHHumidity: I no 1 if yes 40 Z RH: * 2.5 % RH . 200 pcs.)IComments:


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Tho information given on his page somas from the manufesturar and is not verified by IE A - Annar 18I E A - A n n e x 18, Demand Controlled Ventila ting Systems, 2nd Sensor Survey, May 1991Questionnaire

Sensor specification TR,GeneralAddress of manufacturer: Galltec Mess- und Regeltechnik GmbH, Bosc hstr.4,

D-W-7048 Bondorf Tel: t 4 9 - 7 4 5 7 - 3 0 5 6Contact person and fax.: Mr. A. Gall, t49-7457-3758Isensor designation: FGl20U / TFGlZOU, room typeSensor element type used: "Polyga" from GolltecMea sureme nt principle of sensor element: hygroscopic stripeMea suring range: from 25 % RH to 100 % RH

lnf luencina factors '1Temperature: I o I i f yes < -0.1% RHHumidi ty: I no I i f yes 4 0 % RH: ? 2.5 % RH , ZOO p a . )Comments :


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Th i n t o m u t l ~ n ivm on tHs p a ~ eor ns Worn the m l r u t . c m n r d s m t wrlfld by IEA - A n n . 18IEA - Annex 18, Demand Controlled Ventilating Systems, 2nd Sensor Survey, May 1991(luestionnaireSensor s~ecif ication TR,L3medAddress of manufacturer: tiY-CAL Engineering, 9650 Telstar Ave., El Monte,

CA 91731. USA Tel: t 1-816-444-4000Contact person and fax.: Ed Nowak, t1-818-444-1314Sensor designation: CT-829-A-MHSensor element type used: HY-CAL CMOS ICMeasurement principle of sensor element: c~paciviveCMeasuring range: from 0% to 100% RH

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Temperature: Im l ' i f yes

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Annex 18 Market Survey