13. (a) (t A sequential circuit with two D flip-flops A and B, one input x, andone output z is specified by the fo'!l6s7itt* next-state and output

' equations:A(t + 1) = A' + B, B(t + 1) = Bx, z - / * B',(1) Draw the losic diagram of the circuit. G)(2!) Derive the state table- (3)(3) Draw the statej diagram of the circuit. ' ' (3)

(it Explain the difference between a state table, characteristic tableand an excitation table- (6)

'or(b) Consider the design of a 4-bit BCD counter that counts in the following

way0000,0010,0011,......,1001andbackto0000.

L,

v

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(r) Draw the.state diagram-G) List the next stgte table-

, .

(iii) Draw the logic diagram of the circuit-(a) (i) Explain the Race-free state assignment procedure'

(ii) Reduce the number of states in the following, Tabulate the reduced state table and draw the

diagram.

(4)(4)(8)(8)

state diagram.reduced state

(8)

!.*,

\ Present state Next state OutPutX=A X=L. X=O X=L l

Aflna ab 0Ocd 00

c od 00d ef 0Ie a f '01f s f 01s af 01

.:Or

(b) Explain the hazard.s in combinational circuit and sequential circuitalso' demonstrate a hazatd and its' removal' with example'

and(16)

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