ANL-FNAL Collaboration on High Intensity Neutrino Source

Activities

G. Apollinari

• Introduction• Collaboration Activities• ‘05-’07 Achievements• ’07-’10 Plans• Conclusions

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Role of Multi-GeV Proton Sources (FNAL)

• Multi-MW proton source necessary for full exploration sector– NoVA will operate at 700 kW

– SuperNuMI could operate in the 1 MW range

• Multi-MW proton source is necessary as FE for source

• Multi-MW proton source in EA applications

• …

• An 8 GeV Linac coupled with an upgraded Main Injector is required to get above 2 MW at 120 GeV

• The 8 Linac =1 section can be used to ri-circulate and accelerate cooled ’s

• The 8 GeV Linac idea* incorporates concepts from the ILC, the Spallation Neutron Source, RIA and APT.

– Copy SNS, RIA, and JPARC Linac design up to 1.3 GeV– Use ILC Cryomodules from 1.3 - 8 GeV– H- Injection at 8 GeV in Main Injector

* The 8 GeV Linac concept actually originated with Vinod Bharadwaj and Bob Noble in 1994,when it was realized that the MI would benefit from a Linac injector. Gradients of 4-5 Mev/m did not make the proposal cost effective at the time. Idea revived and expanded by GWF in 2004 with the advent of 20-25 MeV/m gradients.

~1 GeV’sh

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Two Design Points for 8 GeV Linac

• Initial: 0.5 MW Linac Beam Power – 8.3 mA x 3 msec x 2.5 Hz x 8 GeV = 0.5 MW (11 Klys)

• Ultimate: 2 MW Linac Beam Power– 25 mA x 1 msec x 10 Hz x 8 GeV = 2.0 MW (33 Klys)

Either Option Supports:

1.5E14 x 0.7 Hz x 120 GeV = 2 MW from MI• Name of the Game in Linac Intensity:

RF POWER– Production (Klystrons)– Delivery to Cavity (PC)

Main Injector: 120 GeV, 0.67 Hz Cycle, 2.0 MW Beam PowerLinac Protons: 8 GeV, 4.67 Hz Cycle, 0.93 MW Beam Power Linac Electrons: 8 GeV, 4.67 Hz Cycle, 0.93 MW Beam Power

8 GeV Linac Cycles 1.5E14 per Pulse at 10Hz

Main Injector Energy

H-Injection

8 GeVProtons

8 GeVElectrons

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3

Time (sec)

MI Energy

H- Injection

8 GeV Protons

Electrons

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~ 700m Active Length8 GeV Linac

8 GeVneutrino

MainInjector@2 MW

Anti-Proton

SY-120Fixed-Target

Neutrino“Super- Beams”

NUMI

Off- Axis

8 GeV Superconducting Linac

X-RAY FEL LAB

Neutrino Target

Neutrinosto “Homestake”

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HINS-PD-ILC

• Meld two apparently competing priorities into a single synergistic program.– 1.5% ILC Demonstration– Seed for SCRF Industrialization in the US and International

Collaborations (India/China)

• In the event the start of the ILC construction is slower than the technically-limited schedule, this is beneficial to:– and “high-intensity” proton-beam physicists with near-term

physics program– ……– X-ray FEL Lab in Illinois– Illinois Neutron Lab– “RIA-like” Lab

HEP - eyes

Multi-Disc. Lab - e

yes

Fermilab

6β=1 β=1 β=1 β=1 β=1

Modulator

β=1 β=1 β=1 β=1

Modulator

36 Cavites / Klystron

ILC LINAC8 Klystrons288 Cavities in 36 Cryomodules 1300 MHz β=1

β<1 ILC LINAC

2 Klystrons96 Elliptical Cavities12 Cryomodules

1300 MHz 0.1-1.2 GeV

β=1 β=1 β=1 β=1 β=1

Modulator

β=1 β=1 β=1 β=1

Modulator

β=1 β=1 β=1 β=1 β=1

Modulator

β=1 β=1 β=1 β=1

Modulator

β=1 β=1 β=1 β=1 β=1

Modulator

β=1 β=1 β=1 β=1

Modulator

10 MWILC

Multi-BeamKlystrons48 Cavites / Klystron

β=.81

Modulator

β=.81 β=.81 β=.81 β=.81 β=.81

8 Cavites / Cryomodule

0.5 MW Initial 8 GeV Linac11 Klystrons (2 types)449 Cavities 51 Cryomodules

“PULSED RIA”Front End Linac

325 MHz 0-110 MeV H- RFQ MEBT RTSR SSR DSR

Single3 MWJPARCKlystron

Multi-Cavity Fanout at 10 - 50 kW/cavityPhase and Amplitude Control w/ Ferrite Tuners

DSR

β=.47

Modulator

β=.47 β=.61 β=.61 β=.61 β=.61

or… 325 MHz Spoke Resonators

Elliptical Option

Modulator

10 MWILC

Klystrons

80 % of the Production Cost

8 GeV Linac Program (post-2010?)

~1 Gev’sh SC Linac (ex: EA) has very little “ILC” in it

• no frequency transition (?)

~80 % of the Engineering & Technical System ComplexityR&D HINS Program (2007-2010)

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HINS R&D Goals

• HINS R&D Phase: Proof of innovative approach to high intensity beam acceleration !– 2007-2010 R&D period– Prove, Develop & Build Front-End in Meson Bldg. at 325 MHz (0-60

MeV) since much of the technical complexity is in the FE Mechanical/RF Systems

• Demonstrate for the first time Amplitude/Phase Modulator (FVM) Technology and RF Power Scheme with H-

• Demonstrate for the first time RT-SC Transition at 10 MeV • Acquire capability to test/operate SC Spoke Cavities at FNAL• Demonstrate for the first time beam loading and pulsed operation of Spoke

Cavities• Demonstrate Axis-Symmetric focusing and Beam Chopping• Demonstrate for the first time the ability to drive RT and SC Sections with a

single klystron– Retain conceptual design compatibility between HINS and ILC

• =1 R&D is necessary in the event of an 8 GeV Linac phase • 8 GeV Linac Phase

– “Post-2010”period– Construction of ~400 ILC-like cavities and ~50 ILC-like cryomodules at

1.3 GHz

AN

L-FN

AL

ANL-FNAL Collaboration on R&D

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Front End - Beam Line Layout

Frequency 325 MHzTotal length ~ 55 m

SSR1(=0.22)

SSR2(=0.4)

RT -CHSRMEBTRFQ

IS

W (MeV) 2.50.050 603010

Beam Line Elements:19 Conventional RT Cavities29 SC Spoke Cavities and 3 Cryomodules42 SC Focusing Solenoids

RF Power Elements:one 325 MHz Klystron/Modulatorone 400 kW RFQ FVM19 ~20 kW FVM/Fast Tuning for RT Section29 ~20-120 kW FVM/Fast Tuning for SC Section

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HINS Floor Plan in Meson Detector Building

RF Component Test Facility

Ion Source and RFQ Area 150 ft.

Cavity Test Cave

60 MeV Linac Cave

Klystron and Modulator Area

Existing CC2 Cave

ILC HTC Cave

Modulator Pulse TransformerKlystron

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’05-’07 Achievements

• Beam Dynamics Simulation– P. Ostroumov’s Group

• Basic Design of 8 GeV Linac

• Merging of HINS with 6 GeV ILC Test Linac

• Beam Elements Design– P. Ostroumov’s Group

• Design of RFQ

– K. Shepard’s Group• Design of SSR1 (Superconducting Single Spoke Resonator)

• Industrial Transfer (Roark-Indiana)

• Activities covered by bilateral MOUs in FY06 and FY07– FY06 700 k$ (4.9 M$ HINS budget)– FY07 ~400 k$ (2.2 M$ HINS budget)

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2.5 MeV RFQ

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PD-ILC 6 GeV Test Linac

Original Design

P.Ostroumov (ANL)J.P.Carniero (FNAL)S.Aseev (FNAL – ex ANL)I. Mustafa (ANL)

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ANL-FNAL-Roark “Industrialization”

CMM check of end wall fixture

RO

AR

Kpower coupler brazed

transitions (ANL)

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’07-’10 Plans for ANL-FNAL

• Beam Dynamics Simulation– P. Ostroumov’s Group

• Continued support on Beam Simulation

• Definition or Mechanical and RF Tolerancies

• Analysis/Optimization of Beam Operations

• Merging of HINS with 6 GeV ILC Test Linac

• Beam Elements Operations/Production– P. Ostroumov’s Group

• Participation in RFQ Operation

– M.Kelly- J.Fuerst Group• Etching of Prototype SSR1 (4 cavities)

• Etching of SSR1 Production (18+ cavities) in 2008-’09

• Etching of SSR1 Production (11+ Cavities) in 2009-’10

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ANL Processing Facilities

Housing cathode

End plate cathode

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Conclusions

• Very fruitful ANL-FNAL Collaboration in place on HINS

• Strong relationship between FNAL and ANL Scientist on accelerator physics and design of beam elements

• Plans to use heavily ANL processing facilities for HINS SSR cavities

• Funding support of manpower may become problematic if HINS budget remains constant or decreases

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Supporting Slides

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Intense Proton Source & FE under consideration around the World

…excluding SNS and JPARC

Pulsed• CERN SPL II – (,EURISOL)

– 3.5 GeV H- Linac at 4 MW

• Rutherford Accelerator Lab – ESS (Neutron, )– Synchrotron-based PD, 5-15

GeV, 4 MW, 180 MeV Linac FE

CW• CEA Saclay – IPHI Injector

(Neutron, Transmutation)• LNL TRASCO –

(Transmutation)

R.Maier – EPAC 2002

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FNAL Strategic Plan

• Intense Proton Source for neutrino and muon production– HINS R&D Program (up to 2010)– (Possible) Merge with 6 GeV ILC Test Linac (after 2010)

http://fra-hq.org/pdfs/Science_Strategy.pdf

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Beam Dynamicsstandard with 8 ILC-units

RMS long. emittance

Max envelope