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Legends in Computing
Anita Jones2007 IEEE Founders Medal Director of Defense Research and Engineering at the U.S. Department of Defense from 1993 to 1997Fellow of the
Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)American Association for the Advancement of Science IEEE
Author of two books and more than 40 papersU.S. Air Force Meritorious Civilian Service AwardDistinguished Public Service AwardCongressional Record tribute Augusta Ada Lovelace Award from the Association for Women in ComputingLawrence R. Quarles Professor in the Computer Science Department at the University of Virginia’s School of Engineering and Applied Science
Legends in Computing
Amy PearlDesigner and implementer
of the Sun Link Service, an open protocol for creating hypertext links between elements of desktop applications
Legends in Computing
Programming the Eniac
Programs were not storedEvery new problem required new connections
Legends in Computing
Stephanie RosenthalComputing Research Association Outstanding Female Undergraduate Award, 2007research at CMU on social robotics led to two publications. research on collaborative learning, potential interfaces for use with interactive whiteboards and experiments about issues in collaboration, resulted in a first-authored publication.
Legends in Computing
1950s Assembler Programming Class
This would be so much
easier with a computer…
Legends in Computing
Elaine KantFounder and president of SciCompFellow of the American Association for Artificial IntelligenceFellow of the American Association for the Advancement of ScienceOutstanding Achievement Award in Science/Technology, from University YWCAU.S. Patent No. 6,173,276, System and Method for Financial Instrument Modeling and Valuation, with C. Randall. U.S. Patent No. 6,772,137, System and Method for Financial Instrument Modeling Using Monte Carlo Simulation, with C. Randall.
Legends in Computing
Babbage’s Difference Engine, 1822
Babbage's difference engine No. 2
Finally built in 1991Could hold 7
numbers of 31 decimal digits
Could tabulate 7th degree polynomials
Legends in Computing
Tracy CampCo-chair of ACM's Committee on Women in Computing from 1998-2002ACM-W liaison to the National Center for Women in Information Technology. Keynote speaker at the 2006 Australian Women in IT Conference (AusWIT). Authored over 15 newspaper and magazine articles on Women in Computing published in the N.Y. Times, the Chicago Tribune, USA Today, and Scientific AmericanACM Distinguished LecturerIEEE Senior MemberACM Distinguished Scientist
Legends in Computing
1890: Hollerith Tabulating System
Census CounterHollerith Tabulating System Was A System Of Machines
Punch, Tabulator Sorting Box
Hollerith's Business Joined A Firm That Later Became IBM.
Legends in Computing
Anita BorgFounded the Systers online community in 1987Co-founded the Grace Hopper Celebration of
Women in Computing, inspired by the legacy of Navy Admiral Grace Murray Hopper.
Founded the Institute for Women and Technology which began new programs, partnerships and initiatives to include women in all aspects of technology.
President appointment to the Commission on the Advancement of Women and Minorities in Science, Engineering, and Technloogy.
Heinz Award for Technology, the Economy and Employment
Fellow of the Association for Computing Machinery
Board of Directors of the Computing Research Association
National Academy of Engineering's Committee for the Celebration of Women in Engineering
National Research Council's Committee on Women in Science and Engineering
Legends in Computing
1943-45: Eniac
Electrical Numerical Integrator And ComputerBuilt To Compute Ballistics Tables For U.S. Army Artillery During World War II.
1,000 Times Faster Than Any Existing Device.
External Plug Wires Used To Program The MachinePrincipal Designers, J. Presper Eckert And John MauchleyCost, About $400,000
Legends in Computing
Helen Greiner
Co-founder and chairman of iRobot, a consumer roboticscompany Ernst and Young New England Entrepreneur of the Year, 2003 Technology Review Magazine "Innovator For The Next Century" DEMO god award at the DEMO conferenceWorked at NASA jet propulsion laboratory, MIT’s artificial intelligence laboratory.
Legends in Computing
Susan Owicki
Researched distributed systems, performance analysis, and trusted systems for electronic commerce.
Legends in Computing
ENIAC - Vacuum Tubes
ENIACUsed Some 18,000 Vacuum Tubes. 30 Feet By 50 FeetWeighed 30 TonsThe ENIAC was a decimal
machine!
Legends in Computing
Telle Whitney
Co-founder of NCWITPresident and CEO Anita
Borg Institute for Women and Technology
Founder and VP Malleable Technologies
Co-founded the Grace Hopper Celebration of Women in Computing conference along with Dr. Anita Borg.
Legends in Computing
The First Bug - 1947
A moth stuck in one of the ENIAC components.Engineers taped it in their logbook
"first actual case of bug being found."
Legends in Computing
Maria KlaweFifth (And 1st Woman) President Of Harvey MuddCollegeDean Of The School Of Engineering And Applied Science At Princeton University. University Of British Columbia
Head Department Of Computer ScienceVice President Of Student And Academic Services Dean Of Science
Research Scientist And Manager At IBM AlmadenResearch Center, In San Jose, California
Legends in Computing
Rosa Peter
Founded recursive function theory
Legends in Computing
IAS (1946-1952)
Institute For Advanced Study At Princeton University.Designed And Directed By John Von Neumann.Cost: Several Hundred Thousand Dollars.
Used externally stored programs that could be loaded and executed.
Legends in Computing
Frances Bilas Spence
One of the first computer programmers
One of the pioneers in programming the ENIAC
Legends in Computing
Lucy SandersCEO and Co-founder of the National Center for Women & Information Technology (NCWIT)Executive in Residence at the ATLAS Institute at the University of Colorado at Boulder (CU.) development and executive positions at AT&T Bell Labs, Lucent Bell Labs, and Avaya Labs Bell Labs Fellow AwardHolds six patents in the communications technology area. Board Member of Engineering Advisory Council and the Department of Computer Science Advisory Board at CU, the Denver Public Schools Computer Magnet Advisory Board, the Advisory Board for the Women's College Applied Computing Program at the University of Denver, and several corporate boards. Distinguished Alumni Award from the Department of Engineering at CUConference Chair for the 2007 Grace Hopper Conference
Legends in Computing
1949: Core MemorySmall Ring, Or Core, Of Ferrite (A Ferromagnetic Ceramic)
Magnetically driven spin One Bit Of Information. For Almost 15 Years, 'Core' Was The Most Important Memory Device. The Invention Of Core Memory In Was A Leap Forward In Cost-effectiveness And Reliability.
Legends in Computing
Meg Whitman
President and CEO of eBayBoard of Directors of Procter & Gamble and DreamWorks Animationworth an estimated $1.5 billion in 2005. one of only five women on Earth to have been repeatedly ranked among the world's most influential people by Time magazine.
Legends in Computing
1965: PDP8
Programmed Data Processor50,000+ SoldCost: $18,000Primary Memory: 4K
12-bit Word Core Memory
Speed: 1.5 Micro-second Cycle Time
Modern computers have a half-billionth second cycle time
Legends in Computing
Amy Wohl
President and Founder of Wohl Associates consulting firm.
Pioneered office automation and ergonomics
Legends in Computing
Fran Allen
Made significant contributions to compiler research
First woman to become an IBM Fellow
Legends in Computing
Barbara Liskov
Developed CLU in the 70s, Argus in the 80s, and Theta in the 90s
CLU influenced development of ADTs
Legends in Computing
1960s/70s Card Reader
Card is pre-printed with FORTRAN field layouts
Legends in Computing
Kathleen (Kay) McNulty MauchlyAntonelli
One of the first computer programmers
One of the pioneers in programming the ENIAC
Legends in Computing
1977: Trs-80
Radio Shack "Trash-80," 4K Of MemoryCould Not Handle Lowercase LettersOnly Three Error Messages:
"HOW?" "What" "Sorry"
Cost Only $400! Some 55,000 Machines Sold In First Year
Legends in Computing
Stephanie Seneff
Research and development of computer speech recognition
Legends in Computing
Jean Jennings Bartik
One of the first computer programmers
One of the pioneers in programming the ENIAC
Legends in Computing
1979: Vic-20
Processor Speed: 1.0227 Mhz. ROM: 16kbRAM: 5kb (3.5kb User Memory)
Expandable To 32kb. Screen: 22 Columns By 23 Rows.Sound: 3 Voices Plus White Noise. Media: Tape Drive
Legends in Computing
Alice BurksOne of 75 female "computers"
working at the University of Pennsylvania's Moore School of Engineering to perform calculations necessary to create firing and bombing tables
Coauthored numerous articles on ENIAC and the history of computers with her husband, Arthur Burks, a computer scientist who was part of the ENIAC team.
Legends in Computing
1984: MacintoshRevolutionary Graphical User Interface (GUI).
A Device Called A MousePictorial Symbols (Icons) On The Screen. Select Commands, Call Up Files, Start Programs, Etc.
Original Selling Price: $2,495
Legends in Computing
Ada (Lady Lovelace) Byron
MathematicianPatron of Charles BabbageWrote first program that
calculated Bernoulli numbers
U. S. Department of Defense named language in 1979 in her honor
Legends in Computing
Edith Clarke
First woman to earn MSc. Degree from MIT in EE in 1919
Received patent in 1921 for a graphical calculator
First woman to teach engineering at University of Texas, Austin in 1947
Legends in Computing
Misha Mahowald“Neuromorphic”
engineering – the application of analog CMOS VLSI technology to the fabrication of analog electronic circuits that emulate real neural systems
Legends in Computing
Enigma
portable ciphermachine used to encrypt and decrypt secret messages. electro-mechanical rotor machinesvariety of different models.
Legends in Computing
Ruth Davis
Provided leadership at the National Bureau of Standards
President and Founder of the PymatuningGroup
Legends in Computing
Nordon BombsightMechanical analog computer made up of gyros, motors, gears, mirrors, levers and a telescope.Determined the exact moment bombs had to be dropped to hit the target accurately. On later versions would actually fly the plane through the bomb run while coupled to the airplanes controls.Claimed to be accurate enough to hit a 100 foot circle from and altitude of 21,000 feet (4 miles).
Legends in Computing
Jean E. SammetFirst group leader for
programmers in the engineering organization of Sperry Gyroscope
One of first to teach computer courses for academic credit
Supervised initial specification and design of COBOL compiler on MOBIDIC
Authored "Programming Languages: History and Fundamentals"
President of ACM in the 1970s
Legends in Computing
Ruth Dayhoff
Wrote Information Processing Standards
Wrote about the object-oriented properties of MUMPS
Legends in Computing
Whirlwind I
First computer that operated in real timeused video displaysfor output
Led to the United States Air Force's Semi Automatic Ground Environment(SAGE)
Legends in Computing
ENIAC WomenFirst to program with
machine language
First programmers of ENIAC
First “computers”calculating bombing and firing trajectory tables during WWII
Legends in Computing
Ruth LichtermanTeitelbaum
One of the first computer programmers
One of the pioneers in programming the ENIAC
Legends in Computing
Sage - 1950s to 1980s
Semi Automatic Ground Environmentautomated control system used by NORADfor collecting, tracking and intercepting enemy bomber aircraftLater versions could automatically direct aircraft to an interception by sending commands directly to the aircraft's autopilot.
Legends in Computing
Thelma Estrin
Recognized for her computer contributions to brain research and healthcare technology
Legends in Computing
Line Printer
high speed impact printerPrint speeds of 600 to 1200 lines-per-minute
approximately 10 to 20 pages per minute
Legends in Computing
Marilyn Wescoff Meltzer
One of the first computer programmers
One of the pioneers in programming the ENIAC
Legends in Computing
Margaret R. FoxElectronics engineer in
radar at the Naval Research Station in Washington
Chief of the Office of Computer Information in the NBS Institute for Computer Science and Technology
Legends in Computing
Circuit boardsprinted circuit boards, or PCBsconnect electronic components using conductivepathways etched from copper sheets laminated onto a non-conductive substrate. rugged, inexpensive, and highly reliablehigher initial cost than either wire-wrapped or point-to-point constructed circuits
Legends in Computing
Adele Goldberg
Led design team for Smalltalk
Worked in creation of first window- and icon-based user interface
Legends in Computing
Barbara G. Ryder
Professor of Computer Science at Rutgers, The State University of New Jersy
Worked at Bell Laboratories which developed Unix, C, and pcc.
Legends in Computing
Adele Goldstine
Wrote Manual for the ENIAC which detailed the machine down to its resistors
Her assistant
Adele
Legends in Computing
Evelyn Boyd GranvilleFirst African American woman to
earn a Ph.D. in Mathematics (Yale,1949)
Developed computer programs used to analyze trajectories in the MercuryProject (first manned U.S. space mission) and in the Apollo Project (sending U.S.astronauts to the moon)
Legends in Computing
IBM System/360 -1964
Mainframe computersystem family by IBMFirst to make clear distinction between architecture and implementationAllowed IBM to release a suite of compatible designs at different price points
Legends in Computing
Madge Griswold
Helped develop the Icon Programming Language
Legends in Computing
Digital Equipment VAX 11-780 –1970s
32-bit computing architectureorthogonal instruction set (machine language) virtual addressing CISC
large number of addressing modesmachine instructions
Legends in Computing
Lois Haibt
Developed arithmetic expression analyzer, an essential component of the FORTRAN compiler
Legends in Computing
Emmy Noether
Researched abstract algebra which provided the foundation for Prolog
Legends in Computing
Cray-1 - 1976
One of the best known and most successful supercomputers in history. First Cray design to use integrated circuits (ICs). Each IC contained four "gates", each containing perhaps four transistors. Total of about 200,000 gates, roughly the same as the Intel 386 of the 1980s.
Legends in Computing
Margaret Hamilton
Founded Higher Order Software and Hamilton Technologies, Inc.
Legends in Computing
Cray-2 - 1985
VectorsupercomputerFastest machine in the world when it was released Components were too tightly packed for air cooling, so fluid cooling system was used
Legends in Computing
Kim Polese
Driving force behind Java
President and CEO of Marimba, Inc.
Legends in Computing
Barbara Hayes-Roth
Author of the Guardian system
Legends in Computing
Kathleen Jensen
Co-author of PASCAL User Manual and Report
Legends in Computing
Illiac IV - 1976
High parallelism with up to 256 processorsCommercial failure
LateOver budgetOutperformed by existing commercial machines like the Cray-1.
Legends in Computing
Srinija Srinivasan
Yahoo!’s fifth employeeManages Yahoo! Inc's team of
Surfers Responsible for the design and
maintenance of Yahoo!'soverall classification and organization scheme
Cyc Project, database of human commonsense knowledge
Legends in Computing
Frances Snyder (Betty) Holberton
Created first sort-merge generator
Involved in development and standardization of FORTRAN and COBOL
Legends in Computing
Xerox Perq & Alto Workstations
Possible first personal computer or workstation
bit-mapped graphicsmousemenusicons
Also networked using Ethernet local area networking protocol
Legends in Computing
Erna Schneider HooverInvented a computerized
switching system for telephone traffic and received one of the first patents for software ever awarded
Legends in Computing
Digital Equipment DEC-10Same computer as the PDP-10.
Digital Equipment Corp. changed the name about 1973
installation included multiple full-size cabinets for
CPUmemorycontrollersnetworking front endsmagnetic tapedisk drivesline printers
Electrical bill and maintenance costs of thousands of dollars per month
Legends in Computing
Grace Murray Hopper1953: Invented The Compiler
Translates English Language Instructions Into Language Of The Target Computer
Major influence in acceptance and standardization of COBOL
Legends in Computing
Control Data CDC6600 -1964
Mainframe computerGenerally considered to be the first successful supercomputerWorld's fastest computer from 1964 to 1969
Legends in Computing
Jeannette Wing
National Science Foundation (NSF) assistant director for Computer Science & Information Science and Engineering (CISE)President's Professor and head of the Computer Science Department in Carnegie Mellon University's School of Computer Science (SCS)