Anindya Sen - IIT Bombayanindya/tutorials/vim_tut.pdf · 2014. 9. 22. · Vim Anindya Sen Autumn 2011 October 19, 2011 Anindya (IITB) Vim October 19, 2011 1 / 19

Vim

Anindya Sen

Autumn 2011

October 19, 2011

Anindya (IITB) Vim October 19, 2011 1 / 19

Why text editor? Motivation!!

Information access in a hurry




Ease of concatenation and splitting





True Read/Write Portability






Searchability






Searchability

Ease of modification






Searchability

Ease of modificationEfficient storage






Searchability


1 pdf 137 Kb (129 Kb zipped)






Searchability


1 pdf 137 Kb (129 Kb zipped)2 doc 96 Kb (21 Kb zipped)






Searchability


1 pdf 137 Kb (129 Kb zipped)2 doc 96 Kb (21 Kb zipped)3 txt 65 Kb (17 Kb zipped)






Searchability



Ease of indexing






Searchability



Ease of indexing

Syntax highlighting






Searchability



Ease of indexing

Syntax highlighting

Tool of last resort


Editing text

You edit lots of text


Editing text


Program source code


Editing text


Program source codeDocumentation


Editing text


Program source codeDocumentationE-mail


Editing text


Program source codeDocumentationE-mailetc.


Editing text



But you don’t have enough time!


Editing text




You want to get more work done in less time :-)


Editing text





Next hour or so will show you how


Editing text





Next hour or so will show you how

Selecting a good editor (e.g. vim, emacs) is the first step. In thistalk, we will be focussing on vim!


A “Modal” editor

Vim is a finite automaton, with states

Command mode




Command modeFor navigation and manipulation of text




Command modeFor navigation and manipulation of textDefault mode in which vim starts




Command modeFor navigation and manipulation of textDefault mode in which vim startsGet back using the ‘Esc’ key





Input/Edit mode





Input/Edit modeFor editing text!





Input/Edit modeFor editing text!Multiple keys for different tasks e.g. insert (i/I), open(o/O), append(a/A), change(c/C), replace (r/R)





Input/Edit modeFor editing text!Multiple keys for different tasks e.g. insert (i/I), open(o/O), append(a/A), change(c/C), replace (r/R)Works just like a “normal” text editor :-)


A “Moded” editor (Cont . . . )

Command-line mode



Command-line modeFor entering editor commands, reading/writing files, exiting vim



Command-line modeFor entering editor commands, reading/writing files, exiting vimPress ‘:’ to enter




Visual mode




Visual modeFor navigation and manipulation of text selections




Visual modeFor navigation and manipulation of text selectionsUsually enter from command mode by pressing “v”, “Ctrl-V” or“Shift-V”




Visual modeFor navigation and manipulation of text selectionsUsually enter from command mode by pressing “v”, “Ctrl-V” or“Shift-V”Possible to select columns (block-visual mode)!


Vim = Count + Command + Motion

Powerful commands can be created out of a combination ofsimple components :




Basic Commands — cut, copy, paste, convert to uppercase etc.




Basic Commands — cut, copy, paste, convert to uppercase etc.Motion — move to beginning/end-of line/paragraph/file, jump to firstoccurrence of character ’f’ in line or word ‘foo’ in file.




Basic Commands — cut, copy, paste, convert to uppercase etc.Motion — move to beginning/end-of line/paragraph/file, jump to firstoccurrence of character ’f’ in line or word ‘foo’ in file.Count — Number of repetitions of a basic command.





Example

T he not so quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.





Example

The n ot so quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.w





Example

The q uick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.2 d w





Example

Again : The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.





Example

T he not so quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.





Example

The n ot so quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.fn





Example

The q uick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.d fq


Review of Basic Commands

All the commands work only in Command/Escape Mode.

Switch modes




Switch modesInsert (i/I)




Switch modesInsert (i/I)Replace/Overwrite (R)




Switch modesInsert (i/I)Replace/Overwrite (R)Append (a/A)




Switch modesInsert (i/I)Replace/Overwrite (R)Append (a/A)Open a new line (o/O)




Operate




OperateReplace char (r)




OperateReplace char (r)Delete (d/D)




OperateReplace char (r)Delete (d/D)Yank (y/Y)




OperateReplace char (r)Delete (d/D)Yank (y/Y)Paste (p/P)




Operate & switch modes




Operate & switch modesReplace and insert (s/S)




Operate & switch modesReplace and insert (s/S)Delete and insert = Change (c/C)




Some commands are not really basic i.e. they can be composedof simpler commands. Still, they help reduce typing effort





a = l + i





a = l + is = x + i





a = l + is = x + ic =





a = l + is = x + ic = d + i


Review of Motion Commands

Cursor movements

Example

Learning to use VimVim, which stands for Vi IMproved, is an open-source, multiplatform texteditor extended from vi. It was first released by Bram Moolenaar in 1991.Vim is said to have a steep learning curve, meaning learning is slow initiallybut on ce the user gets a grasp of the basics they progress quickly and theirediting becomes more efficient. To facilitate this there’s the vim tutorial forbeginners, usually invoked by typing “vimtutor” on the Unix command line.- Vim on Wikipedia



Cursor movements↑ (k)

Example

Learning to use VimVim, which stands for Vi IMproved, is an open-source, multiplatform texteditor extended from vi. It was first released by Bram Moolenaar in 1991.Vim is said to have a steep learning curve, meaning learning is slow initiallybut once the user gets a grasp of the basics they progress quickly and theirediting becomes more efficient. To facilitate this there’s the vim tutorial forbeginners, usually invoked by typing “vimtutor” on the Unix command line.- Vim on Wikipedia



Cursor movements↑ (k)↓ (j)

Example




Cursor movements↑ (k)↓ (j)← (h)

Example

Learning to use VimVim, which stands for Vi IMproved, is an open-source, multiplatform texteditor extended from vi. It was first released by Bram Moolenaar in 1991.Vim is said to have a steep learning curve, meaning learning is slow initiallybut o nce the user gets a grasp of the basics they progress quickly and theirediting becomes more efficient. To facilitate this there’s the vim tutorial forbeginners, usually invoked by typing “vimtutor” on the Unix command line.- Vim on Wikipedia



Cursor movements↑ (k)↓ (j)← (h)→ (l)

Example




Word movements

Example




Word movementsForward (w/W)

Example

Learning to use VimVim, which stands for Vi IMproved, is an open-source, multiplatform texteditor extended from vi. It was first released by Bram Moolenaar in 1991.Vim is said to have a steep learning curve, meaning learning is slow initiallybut once t he user gets a grasp of the basics they progress quickly and theirediting becomes more efficient. To facilitate this there’s the vim tutorial forbeginners, usually invoked by typing “vimtutor” on the Unix command line.- Vim on Wikipedia



Word movementsForward (w/W)Backward (b/B )

Example

Learning to use VimVim, which stands for Vi IMproved, is an open-source, multiplatform texteditor extended from vi. It was first released by Bram Moolenaar in 1991.Vim is said to have a steep learning curve, meaning learning is slow initiallybut o nce the user gets a grasp of the basics they progress quickly and theirediting becomes more efficient. To facilitate this there’s the vim tutorial forbeginners, usually invoked by typing “vimtutor” on the Unix command line.- Vim on Wikipedia



Word movementsForward (w/W)Backward (b/B )End-of-word (e/E)

Example




Line movements

Example




Line movementsEnd ($)

Example




Line movementsEnd ($)Beginning (/̂ 0)

Example

Learning to use VimVim, which stands for Vi IMproved, is an open-source, multiplatform texteditor extended from vi. It was first released by Bram Moolenaar in 1991.Vim is said to have a steep learning curve, meaning learning is slow initiallyb ut once the user gets a grasp of the basics they progress quickly and their

editing becomes more efficient. To facilitate this there’s the vim tutorial forbeginners, usually invoked by typing “vimtutor” on the Unix command line.- Vim on Wikipedia



Line movementsEnd ($)Beginning (/̂ 0)Land on char ‘p’ (f/F p )

Example




Line movementsEnd ($)Beginning (/̂ 0)Land on char ‘p’ (f/F p )Land just before char ‘c’ (t/T c )

Example

Learning to use VimVim, which stands for Vi IMproved, is an open-source, multiplatform texteditor extended from vi. It was first released by Bram Moolenaar in 1991.Vim is said to have a steep learning curve, meaning learning is slow initiallybut once the user gets a grasp of the basi cs they progress quickly and theirediting becomes more efficient. To facilitate this there’s the vim tutorial forbeginners, usually invoked by typing “vimtutor” on the Unix command line.- Vim on Wikipedia



Sentence movements

Example

Learning to use VimVim, which stands for Vi IMproved, is an open-source, multiplatform texteditor extended from vi. It was first released by Bram Moolenaar in 1991.Vim is said to have a steep learning curve, meaning learning is slow initiallybut once the user gets a grasp of the basi cs they progress quickly and theirediting becomes more efficient. To facilitate this there’s the vim tutorial forbeginners, usually invoked by typing “vimtutor” on the Unix command line.- Vim on Wikipedia



Sentence movementsBeginning of sentence (()

Example

Learning to use VimVim, which stands for Vi IMproved, is an open-source, multiplatform texteditor extended from vi. It was first released by Bram Moolenaar in 1991.V im is said to have a steep learning curve, meaning learning is slow initially

but once the user gets a grasp of the basics they progress quickly and theirediting becomes more efficient. To facilitate this there’s the vim tutorial forbeginners, usually invoked by typing “vimtutor” on the Unix command line.- Vim on Wikipedia



Sentence movementsBeginning of sentence (()Beginning of next sentence ())

Example

Learning to use VimVim, which stands for Vi IMproved, is an open-source, multiplatform texteditor extended from vi. It was first released by Bram Moolenaar in 1991.Vim is said to have a steep learning curve, meaning learning is slow initiallybut once the user gets a grasp of the basics they progress quickly and theirediting becomes more efficient. T o facilitate this there’s the vim tutorial forbeginners, usually invoked by typing “vimtutor” on the Unix command line.- Vim on Wikipedia



File movements

Example

Learning to use VimVim, which stands for Vi IMproved, is an open-source, multiplatform texteditor extended from vi. It was first released by Bram Moolenaar in 1991.Vim is said to have a steep learning curve, meaning learning is slow initiallybut once the user gets a grasp of the basics they progress quickly and theirediting becomes more efficient. T o facilitate this there’s the vim tutorial forbeginners, usually invoked by typing “vimtutor” on the Unix command line.- Vim on Wikipedia



File movementsBeginning of file (gg )

Example

L earning to use VimVim, which stands for Vi IMproved, is an open-source, multiplatform texteditor extended from vi. It was first released by Bram Moolenaar in 1991.Vim is said to have a steep learning curve, meaning learning is slow initiallybut once the user gets a grasp of the basics they progress quickly and theirediting becomes more efficient. To facilitate this there’s the vim tutorial forbeginners, usually invoked by typing “vimtutor” on the Unix command line.- Vim on Wikipedia



File movementsBeginning of file (gg )End of file (G)

Example




File movementsBeginning of file (gg )End of file (G)Line number 2 in file (2 G)

Example

Learning to use VimV im, which stands for Vi IMproved, is an open-source, multiplatform text

editor extended from vi. It was first released by Bram Moolenaar in 1991.Vim is said to have a steep learning curve, meaning learning is slow initiallybut once the user gets a grasp of the basics they progress quickly and theirediting becomes more efficient. To facilitate this there’s the vim tutorial forbeginners, usually invoked by typing “vimtutor” on the Unix command line.- Vim on Wikipedia



and many more . . .

Moving to a mark ‘a’ in file (’a)Moving to a matching brace (%)Beginning/End of paragraph ({/} )etc.

Example

Learning to use VimV im, which stands for Vi IMproved, is an open-source, multiplatform text

editor extended from vi. It was first released by Bram Moolenaar in 1991.Vim is said to have a steep learning curve, meaning learning is slow initiallybut once the user gets a grasp of the basics they progress quickly and theirediting becomes more efficient. To facilitate this there’s the vim tutorial forbeginners, usually invoked by typing “vimtutor” on the Unix command line.- Vim on Wikipedia



Let’s play around with vim’s capabilities :

Example

Delete a word?




Example

Delete a word?dw




Example

Two words?OR




Example

Two words?2dw OR




Example

Two words?2dw OR d2w




Example

Delete till end of line?




Example

Delete till end of line?d$




Example

Delete till end of file?




Example

Delete till end of file?dG




Example

Delete all text till the first occurrence of ‘foo’?




Example

Delete all text till the first occurrence of ‘foo’?d/foo




Example

Delete the parameters in “void_func(a,b,c,d)”?




Example

Delete the parameters in “void_func(a,b,c,d)”?fa




Example

Delete the parameters in “void_func(a,b,c,d)”?fa dt)




Example

Yank 8 lines of text?




Example

Yank 8 lines of text?8yy




Example

And paste two copies of the same text at the end of file?




Example

And paste two copies of the same text at the end of file?G




Example

And paste two copies of the same text at the end of file?G 2p




Example

Yank 8 lines of text above the current line?




Example

Yank 8 lines of text above the current line?7yk




Example

Indenting (=) a block of code?




Example

Indenting (=) a block of code?f{




Example

Indenting (=) a block of code?f{ =%




Example

Indenting (=) a block of code?f{ =%

Notes

Viewing a piece of text in terms of its constituent logical units rather asan ensemble of characters on screen


Replacing text

Ex command : :[range]s/< old>/<new>/[flags] to replace text

Range


Replacing text


Range

% — entire file


Replacing text


Range

% — entire fileN1,N2 — changes restricted to lines between N1 and N2, bothinclusive. In visual mode, N1 and N2 are auto-generated from thestart and end of selection


Replacing text


Range


Flags


Replacing text


Range


Flags

No flag — change first occurrence in current line


Replacing text


Range


Flags

No flag — change first occurrence in current lineg — changes all occurrences in current line


Replacing text


Range


Flags

No flag — change first occurrence in current lineg — changes all occurrences in current linec — confirm each change before committing


Replacing text


Range


Flags

No flag — change first occurrence in current lineg — changes all occurrences in current linec — confirm each change before committingi/I — Ignore / Don’t ignore case for this pattern


Vim — A Programmer’s Delight

Warning

Vim is addictive. Use it at your own risk!



A vast collection of built-in tools (word completions, indentation,etc.) as well as interfaces to well known tools (make, grep etc.).




Programming Language Support — For all major languages suchas C*, Java, Perl, Python, Tcl, Ruby, PHP and many more.





Syntax Highlighting





Syntax HighlightingSmart Indentation





Syntax HighlightingSmart IndentationFor new languages, its possible to write a script for specifyingkeywords and indentation rules.





Syntax HighlightingSmart IndentationFor new languages, its possible to write a script for specifyingkeywords and indentation rules.

Powerful navigation techniques to aid source code comprehensionand editing.



Moving around quickly

Search for keyword ‘foo’ — Use *





Cursor should be “within” foo





Cursor should be “within” foo∗ = /\ < foo \ >





Cursor should be “within” foo∗ = /\ < foo \ >Not too useful if many occurrences in file. Use n to cycle throughmatches.





Cursor should be “within” foo∗ = /\ < foo \ >Not too useful if many occurrences in file. Use n to cycle throughmatches.Use ctags instead




Go straight to the definition of a function — Use Ctrl-]





Need external program called ctags-exuberant





Need external program called ctags-exuberantctags stores references to all functions, variables in a tags file





Need external program called ctags-exuberantctags stores references to all functions, variables in a tags fileNeed not worry if the function is defined in a different file





Need external program called ctags-exuberantctags stores references to all functions, variables in a tags fileNeed not worry if the function is defined in a different file

“But how do I return to where I was earlier?” — Use Ctrl-o andCtrl-i to navigate (back and forth) through the source code. Reallyuseful!




Switching between files quickly — Use the ex commands





:e <file> opens file in same window.





:e <file> opens file in same window.:e # toggles between previous and current file





:e <file> opens file in same window.:e # toggles between previous and current file:ls gives a list of all buffers





:e <file> opens file in same window.:e # toggles between previous and current file:ls gives a list of all buffers:buf <n> opens buffer number n (Order provided by :ls )





:e <file> opens file in same window.:e # toggles between previous and current file:ls gives a list of all buffers:buf <n> opens buffer number n (Order provided by :ls )gf opens filename under cursor



Running external commands from within vim

To run a shell command, simply use :!<cmd> . For frequently usedcmds (e.g. cd , make , grep ), drop the !





Quick fix — Vim’s support for navigating through grep or make ’soutput/error list. Very useful during the code-compile-run cycle






Captures output of grep/make in a buffer






Captures output of grep/make in a buffer:clist lists all messages






Captures output of grep/make in a buffer:clist lists all messages:cnext /:cprev takes you to line in code corres to next/prevmessage (error/match)






Captures output of grep/make in a buffer:clist lists all messages:cnext /:cprev takes you to line in code corres to next/prevmessage (error/match):copen shows the buffer in a split window — Hitting enter on anymessage line in that buffer takes you to the line in code corres tothat message.



Other programming essentials

Autocompletion — Use Ctrl-n & Ctrl-p to cycle through theoptions→Works only in Insert mode





Don’t type “this_is_a_long_procedure_name( )” more than once!






Indentation — Use = to indent a block of code







Folding — Automatically “fold” and “unfold” a region of text








Collapse all procedures other than current one — Use :setfoldmethod=indent








Collapse all procedures other than current one — Use :setfoldmethod=indentHide commented out code — :set foldmethod=manual /\/\∗ zf%









Man Page Lookup — Use K to view the manpage of the wordunder cursor









Man Page Lookup — Use K to view the manpage of the wordunder cursor

Vimdiff — To view the output of diff


vimrc

RC file for setting options globally. Read by Vim during startup

set background = dark/light — Vim chooses foreground colorsto match the background


vimrc



set incsearch — No need to type the entire search string. Canalso highlight search term using set hlsearch


vimrc




set ignorecase — No need to use /[Ww]or[dD]


vimrc





But what if I really want to search for WorD and not the others? —


vimrc





But what if I really want to search for WorD and not the others? —Just add set smartcase to your vimrc!


vimrc






set expandtabs — Tab-presses are replaced by N spaces, whereN is set using set tabstop = N


vimrc






set expandtabs — Tab-presses are replaced by N spaces, whereN is set using set tabstop = N

Doesn’t work with make! — Need to handle makefiles separately


These are a few of my favorite commands

I use(d) vim for :



I use(d) vim for :

Preparing this presentation (using Latex packages)!



I use(d) vim for :


Editing source code (C,C++,Perl,Tcl)



I use(d) vim for :



Writing e-mails (vim and mutt work together nicely)



I use(d) vim for :




Editing bash commands on-the-fly (set -o vi )



I use(d) vim for :





Editing unix configuration files



I use(d) vim for :





Editing unix configuration files

and many more day-to-day editing tasks . . .



:r <buffer> — Read the contents of a buffer at the location ofcursor.




G :r <filename> will append contents of <filename> to current file.




G :r <filename> will append contents of <filename> to current file.Combine :r with :! (external command execution) e.g. :r!dateinserts current date





Combine selection of a region of text in Visual mode with :! to runexternal commands on that region






:’<,’>!sort to sort contents in place






:’<,’>!sort to sort contents in place:’<,’>!wc to count number of characters/words in a single paragraph



:abbrev <sh> <long string here> — saves ty(ping) and correctsspelling mistaeks mistakes. Can be added to .vimrc file too




How to underline a long line of text ? — use yy p :s/./-/g





Repeat previous change cmd using . (dot)





Repeat previous change cmd using . (dot)

Repeat line movement (f/F/t/T ) using ; (semi-colon) or , (comma)


Vim Capability Improvement Program (VIMCIP) :-)


Vim Capability Improvement Program

“vimtutor ” on bash prompt — a gentle introduction to Vim

“Seven habits of effective text editing”(http://www.moolenaar.net/habits.pdf)

:h [topic] provides on-line help. Navigation is very easy usingtags and Ctrl-o / Ctrl-i cmds

Vimbook (http://ntu.csie.org/ piaip/vim/vimbook-OPL.pdf)

“Mastering Regular Expressions”(http://www.oreilly.com/catalog/regex/)

“Vi Macros, Abbreviations, and Buffers”(http://www.npa.uiuc.edu/docs/vi.macros)

“Best of VIM Tips”(http://gav.brokentrain.net/projects/vimtips/vimtips.pdf )

“Vim Quick Reference Card”


Happy Vimming!


Documents

Anindya Sen - IIT Bombayanindya/tutorials/vim_tut.pdf · 2014. 9. 22. · Vim Anindya Sen Autumn 2011 October 19, 2011 Anindya (IITB) Vim October 19, 2011 1 / 19