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Animal Science Industry. Chris Ellason. World Livestock and Poultry. Food Production in the US. Per Capita Consumption Beef. 197084.6 lbs 199664.0 lbs 199863.6 lbs 200064.5 lbs 200264.5 lbs 200562.4 lbs 200762.2 lbs. Per Capita Consumption Pork. 197056.0 lbs 199645.2 lbs - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Animal Science Animal Science IndustryIndustry
Chris EllasonChris Ellason
World Livestock and PoultryWorld Livestock and Poultry
billions of animals:
Chickens: 14.1
Cattle & Buffalo: 1.5
Sheep: 1.1
Pigs: 0.9
Goats: 0.7
Horses & Mules: 0.08
Food Production in the Food Production in the USUS
billions of poundsbillions of pounds
produced, 2000:produced, 2000:
Milk:Milk: 168168Broilers:Broilers: 30.830.8Beef:Beef: 25.425.4Pork:Pork: 18.618.6Turkey:Turkey: 5.35.3Eggs:Eggs: 4.74.7
Per Capita Per Capita Consumption BeefConsumption Beef
1970197084.6 lbs84.6 lbs 1996199664.0 lbs64.0 lbs 1998199863.6 lbs63.6 lbs 2000200064.5 lbs64.5 lbs 2002200264.5 lbs64.5 lbs 2005200562.4 lbs62.4 lbs 2007200762.2 lbs62.2 lbs
Per Capita Per Capita Consumption PorkConsumption Pork
1970197056.0 lbs56.0 lbs 1996199645.2 lbs45.2 lbs 1998199848.2 lbs48.2 lbs 2000200047.8 lbs47.8 lbs 2002200248.2 lbs48.2 lbs 2005200546.5 lbs46.5 lbs 2007200747.3 lbs47.3 lbs
Per Capita Per Capita Consumption Consumption LambLamb
197019702.9 lbs2.9 lbs 199619960.8 lbs0.8 lbs 199819980.9 lbs0.9 lbs 200020000.8 lbs0.8 lbs 200220020.9 lbs0.9 lbs 200520050.8 lbs0.8 lbs 200720070.8 lbs0.8 lbs
Per Capita Per Capita Consumption Consumption BroilersBroilers
1970197048.7 lbs48.7 lbs 1996199663.1 lbs63.1 lbs 1998199864.3 lbs64.3 lbs 2000200067.9 lbs67.9 lbs 2002200270.7 lbs70.7 lbs 2005200573.6 lbs73.6 lbs 2007200773.7 lbs73.7 lbs
Per Capita Per Capita Consumption Fluid Consumption Fluid Milk and CreamMilk and Cream
19701970275.3 lbs275.3 lbs 19961996213.9 lbs213.9 lbs 19981998207.4 lbs207.4 lbs 20002000203.6 lbs203.6 lbs 20022002199.3 lbs199.3 lbs 20052005193.9 lbs193.9 lbs 20072007191.4 lbs191.4 lbs
Per Capita Consumption Per Capita Consumption CheeseCheese
1970197011.4 lbs11.4 lbs 1996199627.3 lbs27.3 lbs 1998199827.8 lbs27.8 lbs 2000200029.8 lbs29.8 lbs 2002200230.5 lbs30.5 lbs 2005200531.4 lbs31.4 lbs 2007200732.7 lbs32.7 lbs
The Changing The Changing IndustryIndustry
Farm PopulationFarm Population
1951195114.2%14.2% 1961196111.1%11.1% 19711971 4.6% 4.6% 19811981 2.6% 2.6% 19911991 1.8% 1.8% 20012001 1.6% 1.6%
Farm SizeFarm Size
19511951225 acres225 acres 19711971384 acres384 acres 19811981425 acres425 acres 19911991467 acres467 acres 20052005445 acres445 acres
When and How Farms When and How Farms Have ChangedHave Changed
Major shifts occurred in the 40’s and 50’sMajor shifts occurred in the 40’s and 50’s Farms became more specializedFarms became more specialized Increased efficiency as a result of Increased efficiency as a result of
specializationspecialization In 1940 one farm could support 18.5 In 1940 one farm could support 18.5
peoplepeople Today one farm can support 135 peopleToday one farm can support 135 people
Why US Farms are so Why US Farms are so ProductiveProductive
Our Economic SystemOur Economic System Land and Climatic ConditionsLand and Climatic Conditions Our Educational SystemsOur Educational Systems Specialized AgribusinessSpecialized Agribusiness
Significant Agriculture Significant Agriculture LegislationLegislation
Morrill Act 1862 Morrill Act 1862 Provide a portion of federal land in each state to Provide a portion of federal land in each state to
establish a collegeestablish a college Land-Grant College Act 1862Land-Grant College Act 1862
Established the “agricultural college” conceptEstablished the “agricultural college” concept Hatch Act 1887 Hatch Act 1887
Established research funding for Land-Grant Established research funding for Land-Grant colleges (Experiment station)colleges (Experiment station)
Smith - Lever Act 1914Smith - Lever Act 1914 Financed the county agent extension system to get Financed the county agent extension system to get
research information to the people (Cooperative research information to the people (Cooperative Extension) Extension)
Sources of Agricultural Sources of Agricultural InformationInformation
Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) Established by the United Nations in 1945Established by the United Nations in 1945 Collects, evaluates, and disseminates Collects, evaluates, and disseminates
information on world trends in food and information on world trends in food and populationpopulation
Council for Agricultural Science and Council for Agricultural Science and Technology (CAST)Technology (CAST) Formed in 1972 to identify food-related Formed in 1972 to identify food-related
issues and interpret related scientific issues and interpret related scientific researchresearch
Role of AnimalsRole of Animals
High Quality Protein FoodsourceHigh Quality Protein Foodsource Diet PalatabilityDiet Palatability Land Use and ConservationLand Use and Conservation Food EconomyFood Economy Companion AnimalsCompanion Animals
Concerns for Animal Concerns for Animal Production:Production:
Can the earth’s land and water produce Can the earth’s land and water produce enough food for the growing population?enough food for the growing population?
Should we feed animals as Should we feed animals as intermediaries in the food chain?intermediaries in the food chain?
Why do humans “prefer” animal products Why do humans “prefer” animal products in their diet?in their diet?
Beef IndustryBeef Industry
Seedstock ProducersSeedstock Producers Commercial Cow-Calf ProducersCommercial Cow-Calf Producers Yearling/Stocker OperatorYearling/Stocker Operator
SeedstockSeedstock
Purebred producersPurebred producers Concerned with geneticsConcerned with genetics Concerned with appearance Concerned with appearance
Body compositionBody composition ColorColor
Show cattleShow cattle
Cow-Calf ProductionCow-Calf Production
Involves some 33 million head of beef cows Involves some 33 million head of beef cows distributed throughout the countrydistributed throughout the country
Most are concentrated in areas where Most are concentrated in areas where forage is abundantforage is abundant
16 states have over 700,000 hd each16 states have over 700,000 hd each 75% of the US total75% of the US total
Approx. 60% of the 850,000 beef cattle Approx. 60% of the 850,000 beef cattle operations have less than 50 hd per operations have less than 50 hd per operationoperation
US Beef Cow Operations and US Beef Cow Operations and InventoryInventory
OperationsOperations InventoryInventory
Herd Size (No. Cows)Herd Size (No. Cows) Percent of TotalPercent of Total Percent of TotalPercent of Total
1-491-49 7878 2828
50-9950-99 1212 1919
100-499100-499 99 3838
500+500+ 11 1515
Stocker/Yearling ProductionStocker/Yearling Production
Cattle are fed for growth prior to their Cattle are fed for growth prior to their going into the feedlot for finishinggoing into the feedlot for finishing
Primary basis is to market available Primary basis is to market available forage and high-roughage feedsforage and high-roughage feeds Grass, crop residue, wheat pasture, silageGrass, crop residue, wheat pasture, silage
More desirable for early maturing cattleMore desirable for early maturing cattle Larger framed, later maturing cattle are Larger framed, later maturing cattle are
more efficient and profitable if they go more efficient and profitable if they go directly into the feedlotdirectly into the feedlot
Stocker/Yearling Stocker/Yearling ProductionProduction
Packer
Feedlot
Weaned Cattle Wintered or
Custom Lot
Summer Grazing
Wintered
Summer Grazing
FeedlotFeedlot
Cattle fed in small pens where feed is Cattle fed in small pens where feed is brought to them on a daily basisbrought to them on a daily basis
Approx. 23 million feedlot cattle are fed in Approx. 23 million feedlot cattle are fed in various statesvarious states
Fed a high grain dietFed a high grain diet 95% of feedlot cattle are fed in feedlots 95% of feedlot cattle are fed in feedlots
with over 1000 head capacitywith over 1000 head capacity A few have capacities over 100,000 headA few have capacities over 100,000 head
Beef IndustryBeef Industry
FeedersFeeders PackersPackers RetailersRetailers ConsumersConsumers
Dairy IndustryDairy Industry
Larger Farms DominateLarger Farms Dominate 9% of Dairies produce over 1/2 total milk9% of Dairies produce over 1/2 total milk
70% of the US dairy herd is concentrated in 70% of the US dairy herd is concentrated in large dairies of over 100 cowslarge dairies of over 100 cows
These dairies represent just 20% of all US These dairies represent just 20% of all US dairiesdairies
Movement of dairiesMovement of dairies Specialization of FarmsSpecialization of Farms Feeding systems Feeding systems
Horse IndustryHorse Industry
1997 approximately 6.9 million horses in 1997 approximately 6.9 million horses in USUS
Used primarily as recreation or companion Used primarily as recreation or companion animalanimal 43% recreational activities43% recreational activities 29% show29% show 10% racing10% racing Remainder used for rodeos and work Remainder used for rodeos and work
In 1997, 200,000 Horses slaughter in USIn 1997, 200,000 Horses slaughter in US How many are slaughtered today?How many are slaughtered today?
Poultry IndustryPoultry Industry
Dramatic changes in 60’s and 70’sDramatic changes in 60’s and 70’s IntegrationIntegration Corporate owned operationsCorporate owned operations Control of all segments of the growing and Control of all segments of the growing and
processing is by one companyprocessing is by one company
Broiler ProductionBroiler Production
Most are contract grown for a companyMost are contract grown for a company ConAgraConAgra TysonTyson PilgrimsPilgrims
Operator owns houses, equipment and Operator owns houses, equipment and furnishes laborfurnishes labor
Contractor furnishes, birds, feed, field Contractor furnishes, birds, feed, field service, dressing and marketingservice, dressing and marketing
Broiler ProductionBroiler Production
Payment is made in relation to a group of Payment is made in relation to a group of producers assigned as a contemporary producers assigned as a contemporary groupgroup
The better the operation does in relation The better the operation does in relation to its contemporaries the higher the to its contemporaries the higher the bonusesbonuses
Sheep and Goat IndustrySheep and Goat Industry
Versatile and efficient, especially in Versatile and efficient, especially in developing countriesdeveloping countries
Tend to be more well adapted to arid Tend to be more well adapted to arid tropical climates than cattletropical climates than cattle
Often grazed in tandem with cattle Often grazed in tandem with cattle because they utilize different forage because they utilize different forage sourcessources
Sheep and Goat IndustrySheep and Goat Industry
Goats tend to be more efficient browsersGoats tend to be more efficient browsers Sheep prefer short grasses and some Sheep prefer short grasses and some
broadleaf weeds and other plantsbroadleaf weeds and other plants World sheep numbers in 1999 were the World sheep numbers in 1999 were the
highest on recordhighest on record Primarily in China, Australia, India, Iran Primarily in China, Australia, India, Iran
and New Zealandand New Zealand
Sheep and Goat IndustrySheep and Goat Industry
Purebred breedersPurebred breeders Commercial market lamb producersCommercial market lamb producers Commercial feedlotsCommercial feedlots
Swine IndustrySwine Industry
Beginning to go the direction of the Beginning to go the direction of the poultry industrypoultry industry Corporate contracted growingCorporate contracted growing
China is far and away the leader in swine China is far and away the leader in swine numbersnumbers
As in dairy industry farm number is As in dairy industry farm number is declining while production increasesdeclining while production increases
Swine IndustrySwine Industry
Four major swine operationsFour major swine operations Feeder pig productionFeeder pig production Feeder pig finishingFeeder pig finishing Farrow to finishFarrow to finish Seedstock producerSeedstock producer
Other Significant Animal Other Significant Animal IndustriesIndustries
AquacultureAquaculture BisonBison ElkElk WildlifeWildlife
AdaptationAdaptation
Adaptation – the sum of the adjustments that Adaptation – the sum of the adjustments that occur in an organism that promotes its welfare occur in an organism that promotes its welfare and survival in a specific environmentand survival in a specific environment
Agricultural animals must have the ability to Agricultural animals must have the ability to adapt to both the natural and man made adapt to both the natural and man made environmentsenvironments
The symbiotic relationship is key in The symbiotic relationship is key in domestication of animalsdomestication of animals
5 Classes of Stresses5 Classes of Stresses
ClimaticClimatic NutritionalNutritional InternalInternal GeographicalGeographical SocialSocial
3 Ways to Change or 3 Ways to Change or React to StressorsReact to Stressors
Morphological or anatomical changesMorphological or anatomical changes Physiological changesPhysiological changes Behavioral changesBehavioral changes
Biotechnology and New Biotechnology and New AdvancementsAdvancements
Bovine Somatotropin (bST)Bovine Somatotropin (bST) Sexed SemenSexed Semen Gene Splicing - DNA manipulationGene Splicing - DNA manipulation Embryo Transfer, splitting, freezingEmbryo Transfer, splitting, freezing Bypass nutrientsBypass nutrients Enzyme feedingEnzyme feeding Taste alterations by feedstuffsTaste alterations by feedstuffs
Animal Science Animal Science DisciplinesDisciplines
NutritionNutrition Reproductive PhysiologyReproductive Physiology Animal HealthAnimal Health Environmental PhysiologyEnvironmental Physiology GeneticsGenetics Environmental SciencesEnvironmental Sciences Food Science and TechnologyFood Science and Technology
Jobs in Animal ScienceJobs in Animal Science
College ProfessorCollege Professor VeterinarianVeterinarian Consulting NutritionistConsulting Nutritionist Meat InspectorMeat Inspector Feed Company Sales/NutritionFeed Company Sales/Nutrition Animal Health Sales/R&DAnimal Health Sales/R&D Allied Industry Sales/R&DAllied Industry Sales/R&D
Jobs in Animal ScienceJobs in Animal Science
Graduate SchoolGraduate School Extension ServiceExtension Service Ag TeacherAg Teacher USDA USDA State Chemist DepartmentsState Chemist Departments Natural Resources ManagementNatural Resources Management