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Sustainable Small Acreage Farming & Ranching. Animal Production. Small Acreage Animal Production Overview Adapted version of presentation by R. Battaglia AVS, University of Idaho. Small Acreage Animal Management Considerations. Marketing Animal of choice Temperament choice - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Animal ProductionSustainable Small Acreage Farming & Ranching
Small Acreage Animal Production Overview
Adapted version of presentation by R. Battaglia AVS, University of Idaho
Sustainable Small Acreage Farming & Ranching
Marketing Animal of choice Temperament choice Site suitability Zoning restrictions Facilities required Intent of enterprise Source of animals Nutrition Feeds and Feeding
Small AcreageAnimal Management Considerations
Sustainable Small Acreage Farming & Ranching
Pasture & grazing system Animal health Reproduction Transport requirements Legal issues Waste management Dead animal disposal Financial planning Capital budget Operating cash Time commitment
Considerations continued…
Sustainable Small Acreage Farming & Ranching
Types of Livestock Enterprises
True “production” operation Service operation
Boarding Pheasant hunting Horse drawn sleighrides
Sustainable Small Acreage Farming & Ranching
Temperament Match
Type “A” or type “B” Large stature or small stature Physical or cerebral Young or more mature
Sustainable Small Acreage Farming & Ranching
Site Type/Suitability & Zoning Restrictions
Site size Animal requirements Site suitability Zone class/restrictions
Sustainable Small Acreage Farming & Ranching
Intent of Enterprise
Is it a “hobby”? Can be a wonderful idea, great pastime
Is it “for profit”? Can take all the fun out of it
Tax ramifications are complex! Tax preparers will make a profit
Sustainable Small Acreage Farming & Ranching
Marketing
Sine qua non
That which withoutthere is nothing else
Sustainable Small Acreage Farming & Ranching
Source of Animals
Private treaty breeders Established Short-term
Production sales Liquidation sales Sale barns Livestock markets
Sustainable Small Acreage Farming & Ranching
Nutritional Requirements
One of the operational cornerstones Documented requirements Energy – total digestible nutrients Protein – total and digestible Minerals – macro & micro Vitamins Water
Sustainable Small Acreage Farming & Ranching
Feedstuffs
Cereals (grains) Milling by-products Liquids (i.e. molasses) Roots and tubers Fats and oils Miscellaneous plant and animal products
Sustainable Small Acreage Farming & Ranching
Feeds and Feeding
Forages – fresh, dry, ensiled Concentrates – grains, supplements Minerals – salt/mineral mix Vitamins – not always necessary to add Water Some good “rules of thumb”
Sustainable Small Acreage Farming & Ranching
Feeds and FeedingRules of Thumb
Pasture, hays, silages, aftermath When green and growing, can provide it all When mature and dry, some energy - filler
2 to 50 ac pasture/A UM, depending… Legume pasture will provide
carbohydrates and protein Grass pasture will provide CHO, but will
short CHON earlier Provide plenty of water
Sustainable Small Acreage Farming & Ranching
continued…
Legume and grass hays @ 50-55% TDN Legume hays @ 14-22% TP Grass hays @ 10-14% TP Grass and legume hays are calcium
sources Provide 2-3% BW with no concern
Sustainable Small Acreage Farming & Ranching
continued…
Grains provide 75-85 TDN Most grains will provide 8-10%TP Grains are good sources of phosphorus Non-lactating animals – ½% BW Can overfeed grains
Founder, enterotoxemia
Sustainable Small Acreage Farming & Ranching
Animal of Choice
Type Are you going to be traditional or “exotic”
Breed Networking or stand-alone
Product Marketability
Sustainable Small Acreage Farming & Ranching
Diet and Nutrition - Swine
Naturally omnivorous Monogastric – less ability to digest
complex carbohydrates and fiber Require certain essential amino acids Large operations – highly fortified grain
based diets
Sustainable Small Acreage Farming & Ranching
Diet and Nutrition - Poultry
Lots of variations due to types of poultry Limiting essential amino acids Essential vitamins Corn and soybeans are the major source
of protein, U.S.
Sustainable Small Acreage Farming & Ranching
Diet and Nutrition - Beef Cattle
Ruminants Grazed forages Hay Supplemental grains
Sustainable Small Acreage Farming & Ranching
Diet and Nutrition - Sheep
Ruminants Grazed forages Hay Fat lambs – supplemental grains/feeds
MAY be supplied
Sustainable Small Acreage Farming & Ranching
Diet and Nutrition - Goats
Ruminants Prefer fresh, clean, and previously
untouched feed. Eat a better balanced diet if offered better
feed to select from. Browsers, not grazers Can utilize grain
Sustainable Small Acreage Farming & Ranching
Animal Health Program
No short cuts Driven by region and locale Veterinary assisted
Preventative and emergency
Sustainable Small Acreage Farming & Ranching
Health Concerns
Size of area – proper spacing for animals Health care may be proportionally more
costly due to smaller number of animals Preventative health care is key Healthy living conditions – access to
appropriate feed, water, exercise and fresh air is critical.
Sustainable Small Acreage Farming & Ranching
Common concerns for all animals
Confinement or free range Organic, natural or conventional Availability of vaccines or medicines (also
effective preventative medicines) Management can make a big difference Veterinarian relationship
Sustainable Small Acreage Farming & Ranching
Specific health concerns
Poultry Coccidiosis Dietary diseases
Sheep Not a lot of sheep specific medications/vaccines
Sustainable Small Acreage Farming & Ranching
Reproduction
Makes or breaks a production unit Livestock “cycle” through periods of
estrus or “heat Mostly, livestock are seasonally polyestrus You must learn to manage this
phenomenon
Sustainable Small Acreage Farming & Ranching
Transportation Requirements
Can be a huge investment Cannot be “borrowed” every time
Sustainable Small Acreage Farming & Ranching
Legal Issues – Selling, Processing, Butchering
As hard as it is to accept, you may be told what you can and cannot do, at your own operation
Sustainable Small Acreage Farming & Ranching
Waste Management and Dead Animal Disposal
These must be done promptly and to the letter of the law
Sustainable Small Acreage Farming & Ranching
Manure Management Concerns
Contamination, especially of water (surface and ground)
Odor Pests Disease concerns – i.e. pneumonia in
confinement pigs due to high levels of ammonia
Sustainable Small Acreage Farming & Ranching
Manure Management
Application to fields Spreading on fields Irrigation application Avoid spreading unwanted organisms, weeds, etc.
Composting
Sustainable Small Acreage Farming & Ranching
Financial Planning, Capital Budget, Operating Cash
Great idea, if hobby enterprise; essential, if this is “for profit”
Lifestyle decision are being made… The operating “line” will be greater than
you think…
Sustainable Small Acreage Farming & Ranching
Time Commitment
Think “24-7, 365 days a year…”
Labor of love…
Lifestyle commitment…