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Animal Kingdom: Birds. Aves. About 9,000 species of birds are in the class Aves . Bird classification is based on beak and foot types, and some habitats and behaviors. Birds of prey have notched beaks and sharp talons. Shorebirds have long slender bills and long legs. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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About 9,000 species of birds are in the class Aves.
Bird classification is based on beak and foot types, and some habitats and behaviors.
Birds of prey have notched beaks and sharp talons.
Shorebirds have long slender bills and long legs.
Waterfowl have webbed toes and broad bills.
The only modern (extant) animals to have feathers. Feathers are composed of keratin, and occur as two types.
1. Contour feathers overlap to produce a broad, flat . lifting surface. 2. Down feathers provide excellent insulation . against loss of body heat.
Birds are homeothermic; they have ability to maintain a constant, relatively high body temperature.
Homeothermy enables an animal to be continuously active in cold weather.
Feathers serve for insulation and for flight.
Keeled breastbone anchors muscles used in flight.
Respiratory air sacs are extensive to gain maximum oxygen for flight, using a one-way flow of air,
Air sacs maximize gas exchange and oxygenation of blood.
The wishbone (clavicle and ribs are fused together) stabilizes the shoulder joint and prevent collapse of shoulder during flight
6 Characteristics of Birds
Endothermic (warm blooded)Vertebrates (Hollow Bones!)4 Chamber HeartAll Have FeathersAll Lay EggsHave Scales on Feet and Legs
AvesTheir nearly hollow bones
( honey combed) provide lightweight strength.
Birds possess a four-chambered heart; a double-loop circulatory system separates oxygenated blood
BirdsCharacteristics: Have feathers Lay eggs Have bodies specially adapted for
flight Have a beak rather than teeth Very acute vision and excellent muscle
reflexes
Types of Feathers
• Contour: A large feather/givesshape to birds body
• Down: Short fluffy/traps heat keeps the bird warm
How do birds fly?• The top has less “air pressure” and this produces
an UPWARD force
• (This is called lift!)
The Science of Bird Flight
Birds who do NOT fly!
• Penguins
• Ostriches
• Emus
There are more fake flamingos in the world than real flamingos.
Characteristics: Have teeth differentiation Have hair Are warm blooded
(endothermic) Have a single jaw bone Have inner ear bones Produce milk for their young
Are Dioecious Most are viviparous ( bear living
young and nourished by mother) Some are oviparous: lay eggs that
develop outside mom
Mammals have larger brains and seem to be the most capable learners.
Have a 4 chambered heart and a double-loop circulatory system
Mammalian mothers nourish their babies with milk (mammary glands)
About 4,500 species of mammals belong to class Mammalia
The 3 major groups of extant Mammals are:
1. Monotremes 2. Marsupials 3. Placental mammals
Mammals That Lay Eggs Examples include the duckbill platapus and spiney anteater
Every evolutionists worst nightmare – impossible to explain!
Mammals That Have Pouches Marsupials begin development
inside the mother's body but are then born in a very immature state.
Newborns crawl up into a pouch on their mother's abdomen.
Inside a pouch they attach to nipples of mother's mammary glands and develop
Opossum:
American
Marsupial
– The Kangaroo, which is a non-placental mammal.
Here, the development of the young is very complex, and a baby kangaroo is born very “uncooked”, and must crawl into the mother’s pouch and latch onto a nipple to receive milk to continue development.
Kangaroo Birth
17 Weeks
Mammals That Have Placentas Placenta supplies nutrients to
and removes wastes from blood of developing offspring
Placenta enables young to be born in a relatively advanced stage of development
Young have long period of dependency on parents after birth
The Placenta is Key
based on mode of locomotion and method of obtaining food.
I. Order Perissodactyla (horses, zebras, tapirs, and rhinoceroses) odd toed ungulates
II. Order Artiodactyla (pigs, cattle, deer, buffaloes, giraffes) even toed ungulates
III. Order Carnivora (Meat eaters, tigers, wolves, etc.)
IV. Order Primates (lemurs, monkeys, apes, man)
V. Order Cetacea (dolphins, whales)VI. Order Chiroptera (bats)VII.Order Rodentia (rats, mice, squirrels,
beavers, porcupines)VIII.Order Proboscidea (elephants,
mammoths)IX. Order Lagomorpha (rabbits, hares,
pikas)X. Order Xenarthran ( sloth, anteaters,
armadillos)
Baby GiraffeSix Feet Tall
Hippo milk is pink
270 species are in order Carnivora. a. Meat-eaters including the dogs, cats, raccoons, bears & skunks.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=63Ch2pNkZwU
contains 180 species of lemurs, monkeys, gibbons, chimpanzees, gorillas, and humans.
includes about 80 species of whales and dolphins.
The heart of a blue whale is so big, a human can swim through the
arteries.
contains 925 species of nocturnal bats.
Don’t forget that bats use sonar to fly in total darkness!
• Then remember that no mutation ever produces new genetic information.
• Therefore, bats must have been created from the beginning with the ability to fly.
mice, rats, squirrels, beavers, and
porcupines). This is largest order with 1,760 species.
. Only two extant species are in order Proboscidea: the elephants and mamoths.
Upper lip and nose are elongated and muscularized forming a prehensile trunk.
They are herbivores and are largest living land mammals.
65 species of rabbits, hares, and pikas. Their hind legs are longer than their front legs
Most of the mammals in this order have simple teeth without enamel, and a few have no teeth at all.
. Armadillos nearly always give birth to identical quadruplets.
In biology: Hybrid (biology),
the offspring resulting from
cross-breeding of different plants or
animals.
