Animal Interactions with Animal Interactions with the Environmentthe Environment

Animals must obtain food and water from their Animals must obtain food and water from their habitat.habitat.

An animal’s body has many adaptations that An animal’s body has many adaptations that allow it to process food: digestive respiratory allow it to process food: digestive respiratory and circulatory systems.and circulatory systems.

In many animals, muscle and skeletal systems In many animals, muscle and skeletal systems provide movement and support. A nervous provide movement and support. A nervous system allows the animal to sense and respond system allows the animal to sense and respond to stimuli.to stimuli.

Sounds like Levels of Complexity at work!Sounds like Levels of Complexity at work!

Behavior: inherited or Behavior: inherited or learned?learned?

A behavior is any observable response A behavior is any observable response to a stimulus.to a stimulus.

Behaviors can be inherited--present at Behaviors can be inherited--present at birth--or learned.birth--or learned.

Learned BehaviorsLearned Behaviors

A learned behavior is one that is taught A learned behavior is one that is taught or discovered. or discovered.

The monkey eating ants from a stick is a The monkey eating ants from a stick is a learned behavior.learned behavior.

At your table, discuss other behaviors At your table, discuss other behaviors that you consider to be learned. that you consider to be learned.

Innate BehaviorsInnate Behaviors Innate behaviors are those that are inherited. Innate behaviors are those that are inherited. Innate behaviors are those that are based on Innate behaviors are those that are based on

instincts.instincts. A spider building a web is an innate behavior.A spider building a web is an innate behavior. Being able to jerk your hand away from a hot Being able to jerk your hand away from a hot

surface is an innate behavior. How is this surface is an innate behavior. How is this behavior an adaptation for survival based behavior an adaptation for survival based upon our level of complexity?upon our level of complexity?

Three Categories of Three Categories of BehaviorsBehaviors

Individual behaviorsIndividual behaviors Interaction between animals of the same Interaction between animals of the same

speciesspecies Interactions between animals of different Interactions between animals of different

speciesspecies Before we interact further, I want you to Before we interact further, I want you to

discuss with your group how the three discuss with your group how the three categories differ and come up with examples categories differ and come up with examples for each one.for each one.

Individual BehaviorsIndividual Behaviors

Meeting basic needs like getting food, Meeting basic needs like getting food, water and finding shelter.water and finding shelter.

Responding to changes in the Responding to changes in the environment.environment.

Basic survival skills!Basic survival skills!

Interaction between animals Interaction between animals of the same speciesof the same species

Social behaviorsSocial behaviors Parents and offspringParents and offspring Attracting a mate: competitiveAttracting a mate: competitive Hunting in packs: cooperativeHunting in packs: cooperative

Interaction between animals Interaction between animals of different speciesof different species

Often involve the search for foodOften involve the search for food Predator and PreyPredator and Prey Predators have behaviors that allow them to Predators have behaviors that allow them to

search for and capture other organisms.search for and capture other organisms. An animal that is hunted by a predator is prey. An animal that is hunted by a predator is prey. Both prey and predators have adaptations that Both prey and predators have adaptations that

help them survive. Discuss with your group help them survive. Discuss with your group what these adaptations might be.what these adaptations might be.

Predator versus PreyPredator versus Prey

PredatorPredator StalkingStalking FastFast StrongStrong Sharp teeth Sharp teeth Eyes facing forwardEyes facing forward

PreyPrey HerdsHerds CamouflageCamouflage SpikesSpikes SpinesSpines Hard shellsHard shells PoisonPoison MimicryMimicry

Interaction between Interaction between different speciesdifferent species

Can be beneficial to both species.Can be beneficial to both species. Birds that eat ticks off of deer or cows.Birds that eat ticks off of deer or cows. Scavengers eating dead animals.Scavengers eating dead animals.