Animal FarmAnimal FarmGeorge OrwellGeorge Orwell

Mrs. CarusoDay 1 Notes

ContextContext1. An allegory is a story of symbols.2. Some of the most famous uses of

allegory were the parables used by Jesus in order to teach using secret code.

3. An allegory can be used to teach something very important to someone very young.

4. Some of the most famous, Animal Farm, The Wizard of Oz and The Chronicles of Narnia.

Allegory is like an Allegory is like an Iceberg….Iceberg….A story with 2 levelsA story with 2 levels

Roots of Orwell’s Animal Roots of Orwell’s Animal FarmFarmThe BourgeoisieAnd The Proletariat

ExpositionExpositionTime: early 1800’s

Place: Europe

Major Characters:Those who own the factoriesThose who work in the factories

ExpositionExpositionIt all started with the Industrial

Revolution……

Exposition (you don’t have to Exposition (you don’t have to write these down)write these down)Four major advances of the

Industrial Revolution1. Power: coal and water used to

move large objects2. Agriculture: cotton replaces

wool for cloth material3. Transportation: better roads;

new railroads4. Factories: machines now do

the strong work

Initiating EventThe first point of conflict was the

birth of factories.1. People needed to work in

factories to make money.2. Big business beat out small

business.3. Cities become crowded, dirty,

unsafe.4. People are ANGRY and POOR

ExpositionExpositionThese advances lead to three primary

results1. Women and children become factory

workers2. A weaker workforce less able to take

care of itself3. Urbanization*Workers leave county and move to

cities*Cities become larger, filled with filth

and crime*Wealthy people move to the country

Initiating EventInitiating EventThe Birth of CapitalismThe Birth of Capitalism

Initiating EventInitiating EventCapitalism: the idea that a

nation’s economy must run without interference from the government. Trade and industry are controlled exclusively by private owners.

Initiating EventInitiating Event Capitalism is the first point of conflict because: Without interference from the government, there

were no rules regarding minimum wage or the number of hours people worked each week.

Factory owners set long hours and low wages. They could do this because of the large workforce that was available.

Factory owners become very rich very fast. They paid their governments (taxes and soft money) to stay out of their way.

No social mobility existed. Wealth controlled by a small percentage of the population.

Poverty skyrocketed. Hopelessness lead to resentment.

Rising ActionRising Action Given the situation so far, what do you think

happened? Factory conditions became dangerous Lawsuits- Government reaction: If you don’t like

the conditions, don’t work there. Sabotage Riots against factory owners Violent, often deadly reaction from the factory

owners who argue that they were only protecting their property. The government agrees. Triangle Shirt waist Factory Fire (owners locked the doors to be sure no one was taking extra breaks).

Resentment against the factory owners turned to resentment against the government.

Climax Climax An essay that changes An essay that changes

everythingeverything…..….. Karl Marx (1818-1883) Born in Germany Studies literature and

philosophy Travels throughout Europe

and observes the situation of the working class.

Settles in London Writes political and economic

philosophy. An IDEALIST- one who sees a

way to make a better world (in theory)

Work is funded by a wealthy friend, Friedrich Engles.

ClimaxClimaxThe Communist Manifesto (1848)The title refers to two words:1. Commune- a group of people

who SHARE all property and goods. No private property exists; therefore (ideally), everyone is equal.

2. Manifesto- a public declaration of principles and philosophy.

Bourgeoisie and Bourgeoisie and ProletariatsProletariats

ClimaxClimaxMarx interpreted history as a

struggle between two classes:The Bourgeoisie –those who own

the means of production, AKA: the employers, the “haves”, the upper class, the Capitalists.

The Proletariat – those who won nothing, but whose work produces wealth for the bourgeoisie. AKA: the employed, the “have-nots”, the working class.

ClimaxClimax The Communist Manifesto con’d Marx accuses the bourgeoisie of: Reducing the family to a relationship based on

money. Replacing local business with large corporations. Destroying the worker’s sense of individual identity

and turning him/her into a machine. Forcing nations to become dependent upon one

another through trade. Forcing the world to accept their way or else collapse

into poverty. Being responsible for the sabotage, riots, and

violence taking place in factories around the globe.

ClimaxClimaxMarx calls for the overthrow of

the bourgeoisie capitalists. They will be replaced by the communists.

ClimaxClimaxCommunism- a government in

which property is owned by the nation instead of individuals. Each citizen works for the common benefit.

ClimaxClimaxCommunist Manifesto Cont’dTwo disturbing aspects of

communism:1. No religion. Marx saw religion as

a bourgeoisie tool of propaganda to keep the proletariat weak and without power.

No liberal arts (literature, music, drama) unless they express the ideals of communism.

ClimaxClimaxThe Communist Manifesto“The Communists disdain to conceal

their views and aims. They openly declare that their ends can be attained only by FORCIBLE OVERTHROW of all existing social conditions. Let the ruling classes tremble at communistic revolution. The proletarians have nothing to lose but their chains. They have the world to win.

Workers of the world, unite!”

Falling ActionFalling Action If you were a “bourgeoisie,” how would you respond? Business people and politicians realized that Marx was right

about one thing-they were outnumbered by an angry and potentially powerful working class. They suddenly started listening to the problems of workers in the lower classes.

New reforms rose up in a few nations:1. Laws passed regulating wages.2. Laws passed regulating hours in a

work week.3. Workers gained the right to form

unions and negotiate contracts.4. Public schools were formed to teach

children about life, liberty, and the pursuit of a free market economy.

ResolutionResolutionCommunists: those who fight for the

violent overthrow of the bourgeoisie and any government that supports them.

Socialists: those who fight for workers’ rights through peaceful legislative reform. They call for a gradual decline of the bourgeoisie and a redistribution of wealth and property.

The Socialist government is known as SOCIALISM.

ResolutionResolutionIn nations that do not ignore Marx:Workers –gain rights and powerOwners-remain alive and in power

In nations that do ignore Marx:Workers-remain hateful and resentful Owners-remain wealthy and in power(Animal Farm is based on Russia-

where no workers’ reforms were created.)

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