26
Animal Diversity Animal Diversity Exploring the Exploring the Categorization Categorization of Animal of Animal Species Species

Animal Diversity Animal Diversity Exploring the Categorization of Animal Species Exploring the Categorization of Animal Species

Embed Size (px)

Citation preview

Page 1: Animal Diversity Animal Diversity Exploring the Categorization of Animal Species Exploring the Categorization of Animal Species

Animal Diversity Animal Diversity

Exploring the Exploring the Categorization of Categorization of Animal SpeciesAnimal Species

Page 2: Animal Diversity Animal Diversity Exploring the Categorization of Animal Species Exploring the Categorization of Animal Species

The Tree of LifeThe Tree of LifeThe three domains of life represent the The three domains of life represent the earliest branches in evolutionary historyearliest branches in evolutionary history

Page 3: Animal Diversity Animal Diversity Exploring the Categorization of Animal Species Exploring the Categorization of Animal Species

Characteristics of Animals Characteristics of Animals

• EukaryoticEukaryotic

• MulticellularMulticellular

• HeterotrophicHeterotrophic

• Most are capable of sexual reproduction.Most are capable of sexual reproduction.

• Animal cells lack a cell wall.Animal cells lack a cell wall.

• Motile during some stage of their lifeMotile during some stage of their life

• Respond to external stimuli as a result of Respond to external stimuli as a result of nerve and/or muscle actionnerve and/or muscle action

Page 4: Animal Diversity Animal Diversity Exploring the Categorization of Animal Species Exploring the Categorization of Animal Species

Classification SchemeClassification SchemeKingdomKingdom

PhylumPhylum

ClassClass

OrderOrder

FamilyFamily

GenusGenus

SpeciesSpecies

AnimaliaAnimalia

ChordataChordata

MammaliaMammalia

FelidaeFelidae

CarnivoraCarnivora

FelisFelis

sylvestrissylvestris

PrimatesPrimates

HominidaeHominidae

HomoHomo

sapienssapiens

AnimaliaAnimalia

ChordataChordata

MammaliaMammalia

Page 5: Animal Diversity Animal Diversity Exploring the Categorization of Animal Species Exploring the Categorization of Animal Species

Ways to DistinguishBetween Animal Groups

Body SymmetryBody CavitiesDevelopment Patterns

Segmentation

Skeleton

Surface Features or Appendages

Page 6: Animal Diversity Animal Diversity Exploring the Categorization of Animal Species Exploring the Categorization of Animal Species

Body symmetry

Page 7: Animal Diversity Animal Diversity Exploring the Categorization of Animal Species Exploring the Categorization of Animal Species

AsymmetricalAsymmetricalLoosely structured Loosely structured

collection of cellscollection of cellsCell specializationCell specializationLack tissuesLack tissuesNon-motile as Non-motile as

adults adults Filter feedersFilter feeders

Phylum PoriferaPhylum PoriferaSpongesSponges

Page 8: Animal Diversity Animal Diversity Exploring the Categorization of Animal Species Exploring the Categorization of Animal Species

Radial symmetryRadial symmetry Cells organized into Cells organized into

two tissue layerstwo tissue layers Lack true organsLack true organs Nerve network and Nerve network and

contractile tissuecontractile tissue Body plansBody plans

Polyp- attached Polyp- attached Medusa- motileMedusa- motile

Mouth and anus are Mouth and anus are same openingsame opening

Asexual and sexual Asexual and sexual reproductionreproduction

Phylum CnidariaPhylum CnidariaCoral,Coral, Hydra, Anemones Hydra, Anemones and Jellyfishand Jellyfish

Page 9: Animal Diversity Animal Diversity Exploring the Categorization of Animal Species Exploring the Categorization of Animal Species

Body CavitiesBody Cavities

Coelom: body cavity lined on all sidesCoelom: body cavity lined on all sides by a layer of mesodermal cells by a layer of mesodermal cells

Page 10: Animal Diversity Animal Diversity Exploring the Categorization of Animal Species Exploring the Categorization of Animal Species

Bilateral symmetryBilateral symmetry AcoelomateAcoelomate Three tissue layersThree tissue layers Excretory and Excretory and

Reproductive Organs Reproductive Organs Move by use of nerve Move by use of nerve

cells, gangliacells, ganglia Many are free-living;Many are free-living; some are parasiticsome are parasitic

Phylum PlatyhelminthesPhylum PlatyhelminthesTapeworms, Flukes , FlatwormsTapeworms, Flukes , Flatworms

Page 11: Animal Diversity Animal Diversity Exploring the Categorization of Animal Species Exploring the Categorization of Animal Species

Bilateral symmetryBilateral symmetry PseudocoelomatePseudocoelomate Three tissue layers Three tissue layers Tubular gastrovascular Tubular gastrovascular

cavity; two openingscavity; two openings ““Ganglionic Brain”Ganglionic Brain” Gas exchange by Gas exchange by

diffusiondiffusion A few species are A few species are

parasiticparasitic

Phylum NematodaPhylum NematodaRoundwormsRoundworms

Page 12: Animal Diversity Animal Diversity Exploring the Categorization of Animal Species Exploring the Categorization of Animal Species

Bilateral symmetryBilateral symmetry Coelomate, fluid filled Coelomate, fluid filled

cavity allows movementcavity allows movement Three tissue layers Three tissue layers Segmented bodySegmented body Closed circulatory Closed circulatory

system: system: 5 pairs of hearts5 pairs of hearts Excretory organs: Excretory organs:

nephridianephridia Digestive system with Digestive system with

specialized areas specialized areas Segmented muscles for Segmented muscles for

movementmovement

Phylum Annelida: Segmented WormsPhylum Annelida: Segmented Worms

Page 13: Animal Diversity Animal Diversity Exploring the Categorization of Animal Species Exploring the Categorization of Animal Species

Bilateral symmetryBilateral symmetry CoelomateCoelomate Three tissue layers Three tissue layers Soft body in a calcium Soft body in a calcium

containing shellcontaining shell 3-chambered heart, 3-chambered heart,

blood vessels blood vessels Ciliated digestive tractCiliated digestive tract Excretory organs: nephridiaExcretory organs: nephridia Head-foot has sensory and Head-foot has sensory and

motor organsmotor organs Gills for oxygen absorptionGills for oxygen absorption Tooth-bearing strap: radulaTooth-bearing strap: radula

Phylum MolluscaPhylum Mollusca

Page 14: Animal Diversity Animal Diversity Exploring the Categorization of Animal Species Exploring the Categorization of Animal Species

Class BivalviaClass Bivalviaclams, mussels, clams, mussels,

oysters, scallops oysters, scallops

Class GastropodaClass Gastropodasnails, slugssnails, slugs

Class CephalopodaClass Cephalopodasquid, octopussquid, octopus

Class PolyplacophoraClass Polyplacophora chitons (ancestral)chitons (ancestral) eight plates on backeight plates on back

Classes of Phylum MolluscaClasses of Phylum Mollusca

Page 15: Animal Diversity Animal Diversity Exploring the Categorization of Animal Species Exploring the Categorization of Animal Species

Bilateral symmetryBilateral symmetry CoelomateCoelomate Three tissue layers Three tissue layers Distinct body regions: Distinct body regions:

head, thorax, abdomenhead, thorax, abdomen ““joint-footed”joint-footed” Exoskeleton, moved at Exoskeleton, moved at

joints by muscles joints by muscles Open circulatory Open circulatory

systemsystem Complex nervous Complex nervous

system, compound eyesystem, compound eye Efficient gas exchange Efficient gas exchange

systemsystem

Phylum ArthropodaPhylum Arthropoda

Page 16: Animal Diversity Animal Diversity Exploring the Categorization of Animal Species Exploring the Categorization of Animal Species

Class ArachnidaClass Arachnida spiders, ticks, scorpionsspiders, ticks, scorpions

Class CrustaceaClass Crustacea crabs, lobsters, shrimpcrabs, lobsters, shrimp

Class InsectaClass Insecta insectsinsects

Class DiplopodaClass Diplopoda millipedesmillipedes

2 pairs of legs/segment2 pairs of legs/segment

Class ChilopodaClass Chilopoda centipedescentipedes

1 pair of legs/segment1 pair of legs/segment

Class MeristomataClass Meristomata horseshoe crabshorseshoe crabs

Classes of Phylum ArthropodaClasses of Phylum Arthropoda

Page 17: Animal Diversity Animal Diversity Exploring the Categorization of Animal Species Exploring the Categorization of Animal Species

Protostome: mouth forms first during embryonicProtostome: mouth forms first during embryonic development development

Deuterostome: anus forms first and then mouthDeuterostome: anus forms first and then mouth forms forms

Page 18: Animal Diversity Animal Diversity Exploring the Categorization of Animal Species Exploring the Categorization of Animal Species

Radial Radial symmetry, 5-part symmetry, 5-part body planbody plan

CoelomateCoelomate DeuterostomeDeuterostome Three tissue layers Three tissue layers ““Spiny Skin”Spiny Skin” Modified coelom forms a Modified coelom forms a

water vascular system to water vascular system to move tube feet move tube feet

Nervous system: central Nervous system: central nerve ring with branchesnerve ring with branches

Phylum EchinodermataPhylum Echinodermata

Page 19: Animal Diversity Animal Diversity Exploring the Categorization of Animal Species Exploring the Categorization of Animal Species

Class AsteroideaClass Asteroideasea starssea stars

Class EchinoideaClass Echinoideasea urchins, sand dollarssea urchins, sand dollars

Class HolothuroideaClass Holothuroideasea cucumberssea cucumbers

Class OphiuroideaClass Ophiuroideabrittle starsbrittle stars

Classes of Phylum EchinodermataClasses of Phylum Echinodermata

Page 20: Animal Diversity Animal Diversity Exploring the Categorization of Animal Species Exploring the Categorization of Animal Species

Bilateral Bilateral symmetry symmetry CoelomateCoelomateDeuterostomeDeuterostomeThree tissue layers Three tissue layers Four common featuresFour common features

NotochordNotochordDorsal, hollow nerve cordDorsal, hollow nerve cordPharyngeal gill slitsPharyngeal gill slitsPost-anal tailPost-anal tail

Phylum ChordataPhylum Chordata

Page 21: Animal Diversity Animal Diversity Exploring the Categorization of Animal Species Exploring the Categorization of Animal Species

Notochord replaced by Notochord replaced by vertebral column vertebral column

EndoskeletonEndoskeletonDevelopment of brainDevelopment of brainClosed circulatory system,Closed circulatory system,

heart with 2 or more heart with 2 or more chamberschambers

Use of gills, skin or lungs Use of gills, skin or lungs to obtain oxygento obtain oxygen

waste removal by kidneyswaste removal by kidneysSeparate sexes, internal Separate sexes, internal

or external fertilizationor external fertilization

Sub-Phylum VertebrataSub-Phylum Vertebrata

Page 22: Animal Diversity Animal Diversity Exploring the Categorization of Animal Species Exploring the Categorization of Animal Species

Class AgnathaClass Agnathajawless fishesjawless fishes

Class CondrichhthyesClass Condrichhthyes cartilaginous fishcartilaginous fish

Class OsteichthyesClass Osteichthyesbony fishbony fish

Classes of Sub-Phylum VertebrataClasses of Sub-Phylum Vertebrata

Page 23: Animal Diversity Animal Diversity Exploring the Categorization of Animal Species Exploring the Categorization of Animal Species

Class AmphibiaClass Amphibiafrogs, toads, salamandersfrogs, toads, salamanders

Class AvesClass Avesbirdsbirds

Class Reptilia Class Reptilia lizards, snakes, lizards, snakes,

turtles, alligatorsturtles, alligators

Classes of Sub-Phylum VertebrataClasses of Sub-Phylum Vertebrata

Page 24: Animal Diversity Animal Diversity Exploring the Categorization of Animal Species Exploring the Categorization of Animal Species

Class MammaliaClass Mammaliamost bear live youngmost bear live youngmilk from mammary glandsmilk from mammary glandshairhairendothermsendothermsmonotremes: egg layingmonotremes: egg laying

platypusplatypusmarsupialsmarsupials

kangarookangarooplacentals placentals

bat, rabbit, dog, bat, rabbit, dog, cattle, whale, humancattle, whale, human

Classes of Sub-Phylum VertebrataClasses of Sub-Phylum Vertebrata

Page 25: Animal Diversity Animal Diversity Exploring the Categorization of Animal Species Exploring the Categorization of Animal Species

Worksheet Worksheet

• Complete pages 125-126 from lab Complete pages 125-126 from lab manualmanual– Record your answer and reasoning for Record your answer and reasoning for

any 8any 8 specimens, making sure to write the specimens, making sure to write the answer on the line that matches the answer on the line that matches the specimen number specimen number

• Be sure your instructor checks your Be sure your instructor checks your completed worksheet before you leave completed worksheet before you leave the lab. the lab.

Page 26: Animal Diversity Animal Diversity Exploring the Categorization of Animal Species Exploring the Categorization of Animal Species

CLEAN UP!CLEAN UP!

• Leave animal specimens and their Leave animal specimens and their skeletons in orderly arraysskeletons in orderly arrays

Thank you!Thank you!