ANGLICKÝ JAZYK

1. Great Britain2. The USA3. English Speaking Countries4. The Czech Republic5. London6. Big Cities in the USA7. Prague8. Political System – Comparison : GB, The USA, CZ9. Educational System _ _ ,, _10. Holidays and Festivals _ _ ,, _11. Literature, my favourite author from English speaking countries12. Housing Problems13. Nature, Ecology, Weather14. Health, Illnesses15. Interpersonal Relationship16. Cultural Life, Art17. Mass Media18. Transport, Travelling, Holidays19. Leisure Time20. Sports and Games21. Food and Drink22. Shopping23. Clothes and Fashion24. Jobs, my future plans25. We and the World at the Beginning of 21th Century

Součástí každé otázky je gramatický, lexikální a obsahový rozbor textu.

MO Č.1

Great Britain

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

capital city ... LONDON

( Scotland – the capitol - EDINBURGH )

GEOGRAPHY - Britain forms the greatest part of the B. isles - Ireland – comprising THE IRISH REPUBLIC ( Éire) - the second largest island smaller islands - the Isle of Man - the Hebrides - the Orkneys - the Shetlands - the Channel Island, ... Britain - a beatiful country - attractive countryside

ports – London, Liverpool, Glasgow, Belfast, ... - network of canals lakes – the Lake District ( NE ) - the Highlands of Scotland ( Loch Lomond, Loch Ness = monster ) - the largest – Lough Neagh ( Northern Ireland ) ----- very few forests ----- moorland areas ( a peaty, upland area )

Scotland – 12 regions + 53 districts ( the highest mountain – Ben Nevis ) Wales - 8 countries England - 48 countries Northern Ireland - 6 countries

CLIMATE - a temperate, humid climate - winters – mild summers - not very hot - it rains a lot ( greener grass in Central Deep )

HISTORY - first inhabitans - settlers from Europe – farming - pottery - stone toolsSTONEHENGE - big circular standing stone near Salisbury ( S of Engl. )

1) What has survived from the Celtic period ? - Celtic languages ( Welsh, Irish, Gaelic )

2) What did the Romans bring to Britain ? - writing + a legal system 3) What did the Romans build in Britain ? - they creatednew towns, long straight roads ( Hadrian’s Wall ) 4) What happend in 1066 ? - William invaved Engl. + defeated the Saxon king in the Battle of Hastings 5) What did the Normans bring to Britain ? - French language + feudalism 6) What were the most important events of the 12th and 13th centuries ? - 12th - Oxford Un. was founded 13th - th eParliament was founded 7) Who fought in the Wars of Roses ? - 1455 – 85 the House of York against the House of Lancaster 8) Why was the Tudor period a turning point in British history ? - great geographical discoveries, the Reformation, the development of industry + trade 9) What do you know about Henry VIII ? - 6 wives proclaimed himself the head of the Anglican church10)What do you know about Elizabeth I ? - Henry VIII‘s daughter, she supperted trading expeditions and development of industry11)When and why did the Stuarts come to the English throne ? - 1603 James inherited the throne ( mother Marry Stuart was a cousin of Elizabeth )12)Why did teh Civil War break up ? - the conflict between 2 opposingf camps became invevitable13)What was the result of the Civil War ? - the Puritan armies commanded by O. Cromwell won the war14)Who was Oliver Cromwell ? - head of the Engl. rep.15)What was invented during the Industrial Revolution ? - J.Watt – steam engine G. Stephenson – steam locomotive 16)Why was Great Britain the strongest world power in the 19th century ? - the greatest industrial + financial power, largest sea + colonial power17)Why was the position of Great Britain weakened in the 20th century ? - GB left both world wars – as a victor it suffered huge economical losses18)When did the British colonial empire disintegrate ? - after World War II

THE BRITISH - 58 mil. - differences between Engl., Wales, Scotland, NI - various origins - religion, education, language, the legal system - the chief division is between S and N England

Holiday Centres Scottish Highlands, Canterbury, Cambridge, Edinburgh, london, Oxford, Stonehenge, Stratford – Shakespeare’s birthplace, The Royal Shakespeare’s Theatre

GOVERNMENT The House of Parliament – another name = Westminster Palace patron saints E - St.George Ireland - St. Patrick Wales - St. David Scotland - St. andrew = Central Lobby = waiting hall The House of Lords - the throne from which th eQueen opens Parliament + the red Woolsack on which the Lord Chamellor sits when he is present for debates Woolsack = cushion stuffed with wool from Engl., Wales, Scot., NI

¨ The House of Commons - The Speaker – keeps order - kind of referee to call debates - member of Parliament - must be neutral

Government Benches ( on the left ) - for the major party - on the front bench – PM + senior MPs Opposition Benches ( on the right ) - for the main oppos. party

2 lines - indicate the area between the sides of the Chamber beyond which nobody can steps - over 2 sword’s lenghtsw apart ( preventantion from earlier times )

The Serjeant at Arms – kind of chief policeman - he carries THE ROYAL MACE (= žezlo) into the House each day at the start of proccedings Entrances to Division Lobbies - on either side of and behind the Speaker - tkey go through the first door- they vote YES second ------------- NO

FLAG = the UNION FLAG / JACK - made up of the crosses of the patron saints ( Wales is not represented )

THE ANTHEM “God save the Queen” ( first “ God save the King “ )

ECONOMY - open economy Industry – rich in coal - oil, natural gas - highly developed - towns - Newcastle - Liverpool - Manchester - Birmingham Scotland - whisky distilleries

Science + Technology : Isaac Newton James Watt George Stephenson Charles Darwin Alexander Fleming - physics, space, biology, engineering

Agriculture - highly efficient

+ fishing

- a major exporter of food products – fresh salmon, Scotch whisky, biscuits, jams, beef, lamb, cheese

- agricultural production - cattle, sheep, poultry, wheat, barley, potatoes

EDINBURGH RIVER – the Firth of Forth Edinburgh Castle The Royal Mile The Palace of Hollyroodhouse ( second home of the Queen ) King Arthur’s Seat ( 1 hill ) Hadrian’s Wall Beer - Britain’s most popular alcoholic drink the Queen’s Scottish home – Balmoral Castle whisky is made from – water - barley ( ječmen )

THE HIGHLANDS OF SCOTLAND

=> The Highl. Games are sporting and music competitions - held between May and September - the competitors wear kilts – national cloth ( tartan – many colours, 8 m long for 1 , squared ) = a tug of war a race tossing the caber ( vrhání kmenem – 60 kg, 6 m ) the Highland fling ( tančení ) throwing the hammer the bagpipes ( dudy ) - national instrument – leather bay Scottish rivers are good for salmon + whisky

The name name GB = geographical term area of the large island which is devided into Engl., Wales, Scotland

The British Isles = describes the geograph. area of GB, all of Ireland ( the Independent Rep. of Ireland ) + all the many smaller offshore islands ( Scilly Isles, Orkneys )The UK of GB and NI = > THE UK ( refers to the political state )

Crown dependencies - The Isle of Man - The Channel Islands OLD NAMES : Britania = the Romans to their province Caledonia = Scotland Abion = England Hibernia = Ireland Cambria = Wales

MO č. 2THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Geography : the biggest – Alaska= 9 mil. sq km- 250 million inhabitants

in the East - the Appalachian Mountains in hte West - the Rocky Mountains ( 4,500 metres )

Niagara Falls + 5 Great Lakes - Lake OntarioLake ErieLake Huron = S-E Canadian borderLake MichiganLake Superior

River – The Mississippi M. Twain – Huckleberry FinnP.Robeson – song “Ol’ Man River” – “ great water “

3.rd longest river in the world

American National Parks - the first example of nature conservation = Yellowstone ( Wyoming ) = Grand Canyon ( the Arizona-Colorado River )

The US - different kinds of landscape + climate ( extreme differences )

-enormous parks, forests, lakes, seashores, mountains, valleys, deserts, wilderness areas

the Pacific Coast – pleasantly warm summers mild winters

the South – hot + dry summersthe Atlantic Coast – cold

- heavy snowfalls- hot + humid summers

the North - differs from that in the souththe Middle West - long + cold winters

Parts of the USA - the South, the West, the Middwest, the Northeast

History : presidents - Washington, Jefferson, Lincoln

1492 - discovery of America by Christopher Columbus ( the first European to disciver Amer. )

Columbus Day / second Monday in October ( Nat. holiday )

1607 – the first Engl. colony was founded in Virginiathe first pernament settlement in America

1) Jamestown ( used to be capitol of Virginia)2) Williamsburg

3) Richmont3 ships, Indian village ( open –air museum )17th century – Pocahontas

1620 - the Pilgrim Fathers ( = English Puritans )landed – Plymouth – celebrated their first harvest with

a feast of thanskgiving - left England to avoid persecution after conflict with

James + Church

- 1/2 died of starvation or epidemics

1773 – Boston Tea Party – protest against the tax on tea / dressed as Indian

- marked the beginning of THE WAR OF INDEPENDENCE

( 1775 – 83 )Boston Cambridge – the oldest university ( Harvard )

4.7.1776 – adopted the Declaration of Independence( established the USA, author T. Jefferson )

1861 – 65 - the Civil War ( the Paroles – print passes to go home )- to cancel slavery, between the South + North

North resulted in a victory

1865 – Lincoln was killed in Washington D.C.

1929 – the great crash onWall Street

1941 – the USA entered World War II

American Heroes - Indians- cowboys- brave women – Calamity Jane- outlaws - Billy the Kid - politicans- astronauts- pop music stars - Charles Chaplin

Elvis Presley- writers - Hemingway, Steinbeck- millionaires – J.D.Rockefeller - oil tycoon

- H. Ford - automobile massproducerthe American Dream – freedom, success, better life

American English - no official national language – English + ethnic minorities( mother tongues )

AMER. English - British English

simple in spelling harbor harboursome words – different pronunciationgrammar Do you have Have you got vocabulary gas petrol

chips crips subway underground

The Govegnment : parliamentary systema federal republic ( 50 states + the District of Columbia )

- ownstate government, laws, taxes, education, ...

federal gov. – whole – foreign affairs, defence, financechecks + balances = any branche has too much power

3 branches – executive – President ( head of gov. ) - legislative - Congress - judicial - Supreme Court

President - is hold on the steps of the Capitol - wider power than House of the British PM

2 party system – the Democrats, the Republicans

Congress – the Senate = 100 Senators ( 2- each state, 6 y. t. )

- the House of Representatives = 435, 2 y. t.

The Supreme Court – watches over the President + Congress7 Presidents 1st President – Washington

The Declaration of Independence – Jeffersoncancel slavery – LincolnTheodore RooseveltJ.F.KennedyG.BushB.ClintonG.Bush jr.

Vice – President = Dick Chiney [: Čejný :] – chairman of the Senate

departement ( ministerstvo ) of : State, Justice, Interior, Agriculture, Transportation

Amer. flag : ( 1777 )50 white stars = 50 Amer. states6 white + 7 red stripes = 13 original states

Holiday Centers :Yelowstone N. Parkthe Grand CanyonSouth Dakota‘s Mt. Rushmore ( heads of 4 presidents –

WashingtonJefferson

LincolnRoosvelt )

Niagara FallsHollywoodDisneylandNashville – country musicNYWashington D. C.

Transportation :- Ford – cars + trucks, buses- extensive network of roads + highways

railroad system – Amtrak

Economy :industry – NY, Ohio, Michigan, ... ( coal, iron, oil )technologyagriculture – grains – wheat, corn, oats

- dairy products - meat - vegetable

A.G.Bell – telephone, film, ...Apollo 11EinsteinN.Armstrong, ...

Coca Cola, Gillette, Avon Cosmetics, Procter and Gamble, Shell Oil, Ford, ...

MO č.3ENGLISH SPEAKING COUNTRIES

NEW ZEALAND – North and South Island ( 2 large islands )capital city – Wellington

- in the Southern hemisphere- not far from Australia- original people – MAORIES ( before A.D. 1001, good variors – provoke

enemies )

The History : the first people to settle were PolynesianNZ – named after his home province of ZealandNZ – in the 17th century – Dutch discover – Abel Tasman

( Tasman Sea, Tasmania – Australia )the second – British explorer – James Cook

( Mt.Cook – the highest mountain, Cook Strait )

The Population :- the density (hustota) of population is very low- the mostly live in towns – lie on the eastern coast- 3.5 million people live there

The Currency : NZ dollar ( = 100 cents )

The Government :- democratic country with its own Parliament- official head is the Queen ( Elizabeth II, The Queen of England, Scotland

and Wales )- The reigning monarch is represented by a GOVERNOR GENERAL

( generální guvernér )- part ( - member ) of the British COMMONWEALTH

- there is only one chamber ( NZ ) – The House of Representatives- the head of the Government – Prime Minister

Maoris – some of them are in the House of Representativesin Tasmania – all were killedAustralia - zatlačeni do nehostinných obl.

The Anthem : “ God Save the Queen “

The Flag : consists of the B. Union Jack and four red stars in the constallation of the Southern Cross on a field of dark blue

Geography : - 2 large islands ( North + South ) devided by Cook Strait- an archipelago- mainly hilly, mountainous – the Southern Alps ( the massive mountain

range )- in the South Pacific

The biggest city – all the larger towns lie on the east coast- the capital – from Aukland to Wellington

AuklandChristchurchDunedin

The Climate :- is very pleasant ( warm summers, wild winters ), healthy- it rains a lot – the grass and trees grow fast – farming ( more sheep than

people )they grow sheep – agriculture, industry, economy

agriculture – more important than industryspecializes in livestock breeding

( cattle, sheep, horses )industry - is connected with agriculture

- food progressing ( producting )= wool, meet, butter, cheese, milk, ...

The People : Maoris - they were cannibalsNZ – called AOTEAROA in the Maori = the country of a long white cloud

( oblak ) - they wanted it like second official name

New Yealands – known as “KIWIS“the Kiwi = flightless bird

smallwingsnational animalquite smallin dangereat worms

Wellington : it‘s built on steep hillswindy – festival – kite flying – people can fly kitesit doesn‘t have any national airport – enough place to build the runway

The Attractions : geysers ( gejzíry )volcanoes ( vulkány )glaciers ( ledovce )fjord

The Commonwealth :společné : language

they formaly were British colonythe Queen ( Elizabeth II. ) = the head of the Commonwealth

CANADA

Geography : borders on the USA in the South on the Atlantic Ocean in the North

almost 10 million square kilometres ( second largest country in the world )

10 provinces – Newfoundland, Prince Edward Iland, Nova Scofia, New Brunswick, Que‘bec, Ontario, Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta, British Columbia

2 territories - the Northwest Territories the Yukon Territory

capitol city – OTTAWA ( Ontario )Big cities - Montre‘al ( largest city of Canada, 2 French-speaking )

Toronto ( the capital of Ontario ) = Canadian Tower( world‘s tallest structure )

Winnipeg, Edmonton, Vancouver

varied + beautiful countryside ( the Great Lakes, Slave + Bear Lakes )Niagara Falls – between Lake Ontario and Lake Erie

the Canadian fall = the Horseshoe Fall (49* 1 m )high mountain ranges – the Rocky Mountains

the Mackenzie Mountains30 national parks ( Jasper National Park in Alberta )admire scenery, walking, climbing, sighseeing, fishing, skiing]

The Climate : mostly continental ( warm summers, cold winters )north- arctic = - 50oC

The Population :discovered – the Vikings ( = 1000 yrs ago )rediscovered - Europeans ( = 15th century )

- 26 million people native Canadians – Indians and Eskimos ( Inuit )

Indians gave the name .. KANATA ... for settlement- bilingual country – English

French ( Que‘bec )

Political System : 1867 – British dominion now – an independent federal state

member of the British Commonwealththe head – British Monarch ( Governor General )

Canadian Cabinet – the leading figure – the Prime Minister

The Flag : official colours – red + white maple leaf – Canadian emblem

Economy : based on natural resources + agriculturesecond largest exporter of wheat

THE REPUBLIC OF IRELAND

Geography :

- occupies about 5/6 of the toyal area of Ireland- 4 provinces, 26 countries

- central plain, ringed by low mountains ( W + S ) lowlands ( East )

the Shannon River ( the longest river in the B. Isles )- forms many important lakes

- seacoast – wild + beautiful- features – Cliffs of Moher in Country Clare

The Climate : temperate ( mild winters, cool summers )heavy rainfall – green vegetation ( The Emerald Isle )

most of the soil – rich, fertile, suitable for farmingt, cattle raising

The Capital : Dublin ( means – Dark Pool )other major cities : Cork

KillarneyLimerickWaterfordGalway

The Population : first inhabitants – Druids300 B.C. - conquered by the Celts from France ( Gaels )

Ireland‘s national emblem – 3 loops of shramrock ( 17th March )

1801 - the Act of Union joined the Irish Parliament to the Parliament of GB ( no Catholics )

3.5 million inhabitants20 million people live in other English speaking countries ( US )

bilingual [:bejlingual :] : Irish GaelicEnglish

Political System : an independent countryset up on a democratic principlethe head of the state – President – elected for 7 yrs by the direct

vote - advised by a Council of State

- appoints member of the Government headed by Prime Minister

National Parliament : the House of Representativesthe Senate

Political Parties : Sinn Fei‘n ( supporting the IRA )

The Flag : a tricolor with vertical stripes of green, white and orangegreen - symbolizes – Emerald Isle + Catholic majoritywhite - ( center ) - the need for peaceorange- - understanding between Catholics and

Protestants

( colour of William III. of the Protestant House of Orange )

The Irish national anthem : “The Soldier‘s Song“

Economy : primarily agricultural – beef + dairy productsIrish linen + whisky = long tradition

AUSTRALIA

- the smallest continent- the biggest island

- between the Pacific and the Indian Ocean- southern hemisphere- member of the Commonwealth

The Capital : dollars

-18th century – settlers – British convicts ( trestanci )

Rozdělení : 6 states + 2 territories - Western Australia

South AustraliaNorthern TerritoryQueenslandNew South WalesTasmania

Western Australia - famous for wheat, big farms city : Perth

Northern Territory - city – Alice Springs – not far from ULURU ( =posvátná hora)

= world biggest place, big red rock AYERS ROCK+ group of huge red stones called “The Olgas“

- the least populated and developed Aus. territory

Queensland - the Great Barrier Rief ( kor. útes )- the longest rief in the world

city – Brisbane

New South Wales - city – Sydney ( the capital ) at Botany Bay- Captain Cook- Sydney = dominated by the Harbour Bridge

( Coathanger = ramínko ) Opera House Olympic Games

- Australian Alps = eucalyptus trees- the most populous state

A.C.T. = Australian Capital Territory- capital city of Canberra ( international city )- parks, lakes, government + diplomats offices

Tasmania - the island south of Australia- often rains, no deserts- the capital = Hobart- Tasmania devil

Victoria - oil

South Australia - city – Adelaide- Murray River

Animals :kangaroo – means “What did you say?” in the native language

- pocket = female has a body pouch ( in which ut’s young are carried )- marsupials ( = vačnatci ) – kangaroo, koala bear, wombats- many animals that can not be found elswhere = election

koala bear – eucalyptus tree = coolobah tree ( a gum tree )

Birds : kookaburra ( ledňáček ) – extraordinary laughing calltake over as the signal of Radio Australia

emucocktatoos ( kakadu )parrotsplatypus ( ptakopysk ) - long bill

lais eggs tail hairy body

Language :Australian English = Aussie, Strine + Aboriginal = boomerang, koala, kangaroo

Cockney other exotic languages

Australian English : TA = Thank youFootie = FootballOZ = AustraliaPostie = PostmanBarbie = BarbequeCrook = IllStation = Big farmsDown Under = AustraliaThe Outback = Desert, the interior of Australia

song : Waltzing Matilda = a rolled-up blanket for sleeping inTerra Australis Incognita = Unknown Southjern Land from times of Marco

Polo

History :the first people to come from Southeast Asia1) the first sighted the western coast – Cape York – Willem Jansz2) de Torres ( The Torres Strait ) – in the North3) Abel Tasman ( Tasmania ) 17th century4) James Cook – 18th century

explored the east coastlanded in Botany Bay

1770 – declared that it will be British colonyconvich – far from the land, isolation

- they had sent them to USA, but in 1776 – independent = they couldn‘t sent them there any more = Australia

- joils were overcrowded – find another place

Melbourne = wanted to be capital

1.1.1901 – colonies become states of Commonwealth

The Flag :same as NZ – dark blue + B. Union Jacknot the same - white stars of southern cross

5 stars + 1 big star under the Union Jack = 6 states + 2 territories

Aboriginal flag :- yellow = sun- red = blood + the earth- black = Aboriginal people

wattle ( trnovník )– nár. rostlina = floral emblemkangaroo = animal emblememu = bird emblem

The Government :Parliament – the Senate

- the House of Representativeseach state has its own government

The Pupulation : 17 million people

The Currency : Australian dollar

National Economy :- wool ( the greatest producter in the world )- wheat + gold- high developed country- industry connected with sheep ( agriculture )

- oil

Australia 3 major land regions – the Western Plateau the Central Lowlands

the Eastern Highlandsit‘s mostly flatthe highest mountain – Mt. Kosciusko ( it isn‘t higher than European

mountains )N : Highland Great Diving RangeS : Australian Alps

Rivers : the Murray – tributary ( = přítok ) = The Darling River they mostly dry up

The Climate :N : tropicalS : sub-tropicalthe interior : continental

depends on – the distance from the coast - the altitude ( = nadm. výška )

MO č. 4OUR REPUBLIC

History :One of the best and most important rulers was Charles IV. During his reign the Prague University was founded, Prague New Town was built and the economy developed as did cultural gothic style.

The Hussite movement marked by the reformation teaching of Master John Huss who was burnt to death in 1415.

1620 - the Battle of the White Mountain

In October 1918 the independent Czechoslovak Republic was proclaimed with T.G.Masaryk as the first president.

In February 1948 the Communist Party seized the power thus beginning the “socialist” era.The fifties are known as the period of “red terror”.

Only in November 1989 did the people throw out the communists.

Until December was a federation of two republics – the Czech and Slovak Federal Republic.

January 1993 Czechoslovakia split in two republics – the Czech Republic and the Slovak Republic, with its own administration, economy and state symbols ( flag, symbols and anthems ).

Both republics have their own presidents, the Czech and the Slovak governments and ministries as the main executive powers. The main legislative powers are given to the national parliaments. The jadicial powers are given to courts of justice. Both republics have their own valid constitucions.

After the “velvet revolution” in November 1989, a world famous playwright Václav Havellected in December 1989 as the ninth Czechoslovak president, for a two-year period. In 1991 he was re-elected for a five-year period.In 1993 Václav Havel was elected by the Czech National Council as President of the Czech Republic.

History of ECONOMY :The Czech economy, after more than 40 years under a state monopoly system, is changes into prosperous free market system with the help of privatization. The country tries to follow the principles of democracy.

Economy :The most important part of our economy is engineering ( machine tools, locomotives, tractors, agricultural machines ). Other important branches are metalurgical and chemical industries and tourism. Textile and glass industries have a long tradition as do cut glass, china and food productions.The main items of our agriculture are wheat, maize, sugar-beet, grapes, hops and

fruit. In animal production, cattle-breeding and pig-breeding are the most important. Fish-breeding, especially carp-breeding has a long tradition in South Bohemia ponds.

Geography :The Czech Republic lies in the middle of Europe.

It borders with Germany, Poland, Slovakia and Austria.

In the Czech Republic there are many spots of great natural beauty as well as areas totally spoiled by industries ( e.g. the Most area ).

Bohemia and Moravia are separated by the Bohemian-Moravian Highlands.The highest mountain regions in Moravia are the Hrubý Jeseník, the Moravian-Silesian Beskids. The highest Czech mountain is Sněžka ( 1603 m ). The longest rivers are the Vltava, the Elbe, the Morava.

Cascades of dams were built on the Vltava River ( Lipno, Orlík, Slapy ). South Bohemia is particularly rich in ponds. Bohemia and Moravia are quite rich in mineral springs and spas ( Karlovy Lázně, Mariánské Lázně, Františkovy Lázně, Kynžvart, Poděbrady, Luhačovice, Jeseník, etc ).

Nationalities :The major nationalities living here are Czech and Moravian, minority groups – the Roms, the Poles, the Germans, the Ukrainiansand the Russians, ... .

The most beautiful places :natural – are the Czech Paradise

“rock town“ in Prachov rocksthe Děčín wallsCzech Switzerlandthe Boubín virgin forestsKoněprusy cavesMacocha abyssthe Jeseník mountains, ...

historic towns – Prague, Kutná Hora, Tábor, Telč, Olomouc, Třeboň,Kroměříž,...

old castles or ruins – Karlštejn, Křivoklát, Konopiště, Bezděz, Hluboká, Zvíkov, Loket, Lemberk, Kuks, Lednice, Slavkov, Sychrov

Cultural heritage :- is very rich and it can offer the world many outstanding values.

- the Cosmas Chronicle Dalimil’s Chronicle

- the outstanding personalities of Komenský, Jungmann,Mácha, K. Čapek J. Hašek, B. Hrabal, a poet J. Seifert,

- authors living abroad – M. Kundera, J. Škvorecký

- great composers such as Janáček, Dvořák, Smetana, ...

- modern musicians – B.Basiková, M. Kocáb, ...

Prague is a museum of all possible architecture styles. The most outstanding architect of the gothic period was Petr Parléř.

Artists – architects the Dienzenhofer brothers sculptor Brokoff of the 20th century : Štursa, Gutfreund, Zrzavý, Filla, ... .

MO č. 5LONDON

St. Paul’s Cathedral- renaissance church- dedicated to the honor of Saint Paul

1666 – the Great fire had destroyed the Norman church of “Old St. Paul’s”

- Sir Christopher Wren designed a new church( work of one man )

- Alexander Fleming, Admiral Lord Nelson, Duke of Wellington- Lady Diana was married there- high – explosive bombs

( 10 m high, 627 steps )

- Whispering Gallery – if you whisper on one side of the dome, your voice can be heard on the other side

- Christopher Wren is buried under the floor of the cathedral

Albert Memorial- Queen Victoria’s husband- 9 children- 1901 - + Victoria

- is facing to the Albert Hall ( = Concert Hall )

= statue of sitting Prince + many statues of the people 4 groups – Africa, Asia, Europe, America

Covent Garden- “street theatre”- restaurants, wine bars, coffee bars, pub, boutiques, musician play- tourists come to buy souvenirs ( many small shops ) fruit and vegetable market, but it moved out in 1974

( old market building )

Westminster Abbey- the ancient church- the coronation church of almost all Engl. monarchs1067 – William the Conqueror- place of the burial of kings and queen

Parks ( 5 )1) St. James’s Park - the oldest

close to Buckingham Palace ( near Green Park )2) Kensington Gardens - Serpentine ( navazuje na Hide Park )

(Palace) Albert Memorial – across the street Royal Albert Hall

3) Regent’s Park - open-air theatreZOO

4) Holland Park

5) Hide Park - Speakers’ Corner- people can speak about anything

( criticize ), not Queen- they should not stay on the floor

1) – 5) used to be Royal Gardens` they’re owned by the crown, but they’re opened to public ( but charge )

Greenwich VillageZero ( prime ) Meridian

( 1 foot on the East ) ( -- ‘’ -- West )

GMT = Greenwich Mean TimeMuseum – Marytime Museum ( museum of ships )Cutty Sark - very fast ship Clipper

they brought tea- park- the Royal Observatory- on the Thames towards the sea

- not far MILLENIUM DOME- Greenwich theatre

Buckingham Palace- the official home of the Queen, when she stays in London

Queen in London = B. flag flys on the roof of B.P.- other places Windsor

Balmoral ( Scotland )- open to earn money ( for reconstruction of Windsor )- large house- originally built for the Duke of Buckingham- the front wall – beginning of the 19th century

there is – Picture Gallery+ Frone Room – where knights are knighted

- ambassadors are receve here- in front of B. P. – the changing of the Guard - red uniforms

- bearskin on their heads

The Tower of London- built by William the Conqueror – to control and protect the city- YEOMAN ( Beefeaters ) – from Thudor times- Museum of Arm and Armery – in the White Tower in the middle

( used to be a prison )- they went through Traitors Gate

- Fortress ( pevnost )- Royal Palace

- A Royal Mint

- ravens – their wings are cut - without them – Monarchy would fall down

- an execution seat – 3 Queens - Jane GreyCatherine Howard...

- the Tower Green ( = the green area )- on the wall - 13 towers ( Bloody tower )

- the Crown Jewels are there

Squares :Trafalgar Square - National Gallery ( lions )Piccadilly Circus - ers

- many advertisements ( expensive )- on every postcard the advertisement must be

- New Year – sing song

StreetOxford Street - shoppingDowning Street - Prime Minister ( Tony Blair ) lives thereBaker Street - Sharlock Holmes ( Museum )

Departement storesMarks and SpencerHarrodsSelfridgesHamley’s – large toy shop

Galleries + Museumsthe largest - British MuseumVictoria and Albert MuseumMadam Tussaud’son Traf. Square – National Museum

- National GalleryGlobe Theatre - South of the Thames

River - The Thames

London - seat of the MonarchParliamentGovernmentSupreme Court

- important port ( the Thames is deep enough )- most of the sightseeings are on the North of the Thames

City – around St. Paul’s CathedralWhite Hall - connect House of Parliament with Traf. Square

- important government street

Transportunderground – many lines ( you can get everywhere )red London Busesblack taxi cabs - the TUBE

Mile ( not kilometres )

History- inhabited – Stone Age- first inhab. - The Celts – Llyndum ( Celtic word = a walled [ :va’ld:] place

situated high )- the Romans

- formal capitol – Winchester ( before London )- small town in the South

1066 – Norman kings ( W. the Conqueror )1665 – Great a plaque [:plejk:] epidemic ( Dephoe )1666 – the Great Fire of LondonWorld War II – The Germans were bombing London

( Queen – stayed in L. during the War )

London Parts : - the 4 most important parts of Central London

The City of LondonThe City of WestminsterThe West EndThe East End

- villages were joined = Greater London

The City - 1 square mile = called Square Mile- around St. Paul- founded by the Romans- the oldest part of London- self governing administrative region

Bank of Englandthe London Stock ExchangeSt. Paul’s Cathedral

Westminster- political + administrative center of the whole country

Houses of ParliamentDowning StreetBuckingham PalaceWestminster Abbey

West End- shopping – Oxford Street- restaurants, cinemas, theatre

Piccadilly CircusTrafalgar SquareChinatownSoho

East End- for poor working people- cockney ( dialect )- industry- docks = St. Catherine Docks