Ang Paaralan BilangISA

Mga Perspektibo Mula sa mga Isinulat ni Jose Rizal

Althusser:

"Schools and Churches use suitable methods of punishment, expulsion,

selection, etc., to 'discipline' not only their shepherds, but also their flocks.”

(Lenin 98)

Althusser:

"what the bourgeoisie has installed as its number one, i.e. as its dominant ideological State

apparatus, is the educational apparatus, which has in fact replaced in its functions the

previously dominant ideological State apparatus, the Church"

(Lenin 103-104)

"Each mass ejected en route is practically provided with the ideology which suits the role it has to

fulfill in class society" (Lenin 105)

Ang Paaralan bilang ISA

School

↓

Ignorant, superstitious and fanatic people

↓

Indolence and backwardness of Filipinos;

Discourages formation of national sentiment

Paano Naging ISA ang Paaralan:

• Emphasis sa relihiyon– Pakikialam ng simbahan sa curriculum at istilo– Pagtanggap ng mga Pilipino sa mga kasawian

ng katulad ni Hesus– Pagpipigil sa karunungan

• Walang lugar para sa kritikal na kaisipan• Walang motibasyon sa mga estudyante• Pagbansag ng rebelde at filibustero• Pagtataguring baliw at kondenado

• Pagtuturo ng makalumang kaisipan

Noli Me Tangere• Pilosopo Tasyo - baliw• Cristostomo Ibarra – ipinapatay• Pag-aaral ni Basilio at Crispin• Chapter XIX: Kapalaran ng Guro

– Walang motibasyon sa mag-aaral– Maling paniniwala ng mga magulang sa disiplina– Walang motibasyon sa guro (mababang suweldo)– Nilibak sa pagtuturo ng Kastila– Hindi pinakikinggan ang mga ninanais na pagbabago

sa istilo ng pagturo

Noli Me Tangere

“Maaaring sa isang galaw lamang ng daliri o iling ng iginagalang na prayle ay mapulbos

sa pagkadurog ang inyong dakilang pagsisikap”

--Pilosopo Tasyo

Kabanata XXV, Sa Tahanan ng Pilosopo

Noli Me Tangere

“Ang mga bagong isipang natutuhan ko sa mga aklat siyang ginamit sa pagsusuri ng mga suliranin ng isang guro. Natuklasan kong may kamalian pala ang ang mga

dating ipinalalagay kong katotohanan, at mga katotohanan naman ang mga dating

ipinalalagay kong kamalian… tulad ng pamamalo…”

--GuroKabanata XIX, Mga Suliranin ng Isang Guro

El Filibusterismo• Ang Dominikong Paaralan

– Namamahala sa edukasyon sa bansa– Malaking bilang ng estudyante– Makalumang kaalaman– Mapanlibak

• Ang pangangailangan ng wikang pambansa

• Si Isagani• Si Placido Penitente at Padre Millon

El Filibusterismo

“Binabawasan hangga’t maaari ang pagbibigay ng mga kaalaman sa pagpatay sa sigla at sigasig ng mag-aaral. Walang inihahasik sa amin kundi

mga kaisipang luma, mga lisyang simulaing kasalungat ng pagkakasulong. Parang mga

bilanggong gobyerno ang mga estudyante. Salat na salat ang mga ito sa natututuhan tulad ng

pagkasalat ng bilanggo sa pagkaing inirarasyon ng nakasubasta sa pagpapakain”.

-- Isagani, Kabanata XXVIIAng Prayle at ang Estudyante

Sa El Filibusterismo

“Kung ano kami ay kayo ang may gawa. Ang bayang inaalipin ay natutong magkunwari; ang paghaharian ay lumikha ng mga alipin. Ipagpalagay natin, kahit di totoo, na ang mga estudyante ay mga walang dakilang asal at

katibayan ng loob. Sino ang may kasalanan? Kami o kayong nagturo sa amin sa loob ng may tatlong siglo? Kung pagkatapos ng panahong iyon ay walang nayari

ang manggagawa ng palayok kundi mga sira siya’y napakatanga marahil.”

-- Isagani, Kabanata XXVIIAng Prayle at ang Estudyante

Annotations of Rizal on Morga

“Long before this the Indios had schools in which they learned to read and write in

Tagalog in which all of them were skilled… Only now that education in the towns is so

neglected, the very ones who ought to attend to it and are responsible for its shortcomings rightly or wrongly cackle about the ineptitude and dullness of the

Filipino.”

The Philippines A Century Hence

“In spite of the dark horde of friars in whose hands rests the instruction of youth, which miserably wastes years and years in the colleges, issuing therefrom tired, weary and disgusted with books: in spite of the censorship which

tries to close every avenue to progress; in spite of all the pupils, confessionals, books, and missals that inculcate hatred toward not only all scientific knowledge but even toward the Spanish language itself; in spite of this whole elaborate system perfected and tenaciously operated by those who wish to keep the Islands in holy ignorance;

there exist writers, freethinkers, historians, philosophers, chemists, physicians, artists, and jurists…”

The Indolence of Filipinos

“The very limited training in the home, the tyrannical and sterile education of the rare centers of learning that blind

subordination of the youth to one of greater age, influence the mind so that a man may not aspire to excel those who preceded him but must merely be content to go along with a march behind them.  Stagnation forcibly results from this, and as he who devotes himself merely to copying divests himself of other qualities suited to his

own nature, he naturally becomes sterile; hence decadence.  Indolence is a corollary derived from the

lack of stimulus and of vitality.”

The Indolence of Filipinos

"You can't know more than this or that old man!"  "Don't aspire to be greater than the curate!"  "You belong to an inferior race!"  "You haven't any energy!"  This is what

they tell the child and they repeat it so often, it has perforce to become engraved in the mind and thence

mould and pervade all his action.  The child or youth who tries to be anything else is blamed with vanity and

presumption; the curate ridicules him with cruel sarcasm, his relatives look upon him with fear, strangers regard him with great compassion.  No forward movement --

Get back in the ranks and keep in line!

La Instruccion

"...Instead of novena...and mysteries that serve neither to foment or awaken faith nor to make one a Christian in the true meaning of the word, if it is desired to make of

him not the friend of praying and murmuring words without reflecting on them or believing in them, but the

man who believes, works and loves his fellowmen; instead of these textbooks, we repeat, could they not

give to the child simple books on morals, on the geography and history of the Philippines and above all a good treatise on agriculture but written in the language

he speaks, since the immense majority of the people are engaged in working and cultivating the soil and raising

cattle, inasmuch as the country is very suitable for these?”

La Instruccion

"...This modest and almost rudimentary education would be enough to awaken in the pupils ideas of education and progress, and the people, the rulers and even religion

would gain much, for thus would disappear superstition, routine, crass ignorance and certain customs which

would be immoral were they not the offspring of extreme innocence and candor. There are books on true and

sane morals as well as little compendiums of history and geography and treatises on agriculture adapted to the

country. What does it cost to translate them and disseminate them in the public schools for those

unfortunate children who cannot go to better schools in order to get a more useful education?”

Poem: Education Gives Luster To The Motherland Man's placid repose and earthly life

To education he dedicatesBecause of her, art and science are bornMan; and as from the high mount above

The pure rivulet flows, undulates,So education beyond measure

Gives the Country tranquility secure.

Where wise education raises a throneSprightly youth are invigorated,

Who with firm stand error they subdueAnd with noble ideas are exalted;

It breaks immortality's neck,Contemptible crime before it is halted:

It humbles barbarous nationsAnd it makes of savages champions…