Photosynthesis and Cell Respiration Feedback Loop

What gas bubbles are being produced in the test tube?

What gas is inflating the balloon?

In which jar will the candle burn the longest? Why?

Describe what is occurring in set ups C, D, and E--why?

C:

D:

E:

Factors Affecting Respiration Lab

Objective: To investigate factors affecting respiration in an organism.

Background: Living things depend on various nonliving components of their environments to survive and grow. These abiotic factors include sunlight, oxygen, carbon dioxide, availability of water, and temperature. In this experiment, we will be dealing with several abiotic factors: temperature, pH, and availability of food (sugar). Organisms need cellular respiration to get energy their cells can use from their food. This chemical reaction (cellular respiration) requires sugar and (if aerobic respiration) oxygen. Cellular respiration is also controlled by enzymes, which can be affected by the environment. Cellular respiration produces ATP, and two waste products (carbon dioxide and water). We will measure the carbon dioxide production to determine the effect of different factors on cellular respiration.

Pre-lab Questions:1. What is the purpose of cellular respiration?

2. What form of energy, produced by cellular respiration, can cells easily use?

3. What does aerobic respiration need to occur?

4. What waste products are produced by cellular respiration?

Procedure:Your group will be assigned ONE factor. ONLY do the procedure for THAT factor!

HypothesisWrite a hypothesis predicting the effect of the factor your group was assigned on the rate of cellular respiration:If _________________________________, then______________________________.

DataEffect of Various Factors on Yeast Respiration

Factor Affecting Respiration Measurement of RespirationBefore After

None – Control GroupHigh (Hot) TemperatureLow (Cold) TemperatureAcidic (Low) pHBasic (High) pHDifferent Food Source (Starch not Sugar)No Food Source

Analysis:1. True/False – Cellular respiration can be affected by many factors.

2. Write the equation for cellular respiration. Circle the reactants and draw a square around the products:_______________________________________________________________

3. If you add yeast, warm water, and sugar to a Zip-loc bag, the bag expands. What waste product of cellular respiration caused the bag to become larger?_________________________

4. Compare the factors the class completed to the control group. For each factor, write whether respiration decreased, increased, or showed no difference:a. High Temperature _______________________b. Low Temperature _______________________c. Acidic pH _______________________d. Basic pH _______________________e. Different Food Source _______________________f. No Sugar _______________________

5. Cellular respiration is a chemical reaction that requires enzymes. Using what you know about enzymes, why would high temperatures, low temperatures, acidic and basic pH levels change the rate of respiration?__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

6. Using what you know about starch (a complex carbohydrate made of many simple sugars) and sugar (a simple carbohydrate), why might having starch instead of sugar slow down respiration? __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

7. Why would having no sugar prevent respiration from occurring? __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

8. What were the optimum temperature and pH conditions for yeast’s cellular respiration, based on the data from this lab? How do you know?__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Conclusiona. Write a conclusion that summarizes the lab, accepts or rejects your original

hypothesis, and answers the purpose question of the lab. Discuss any experimental error that may have occurred.

b. Consider each of the factors that were shown to affect the rate of cellular respiration. Which of these factors do you think will have the GREATEST effect? Develop an argument outlining at least 3 points to support your answer.

Energy In a Cell Notes

A. What is energy and WHY do we need energy? _______________ is the ability to do ________________. You need energy for everything you do!!!!

B. Where does energy come from? The _______________________ which get broken down during

_______________ ___________________that release the stored energy from the bonds.

C. What is the form of energy our bodies use? _____________= Adenosine Tri-Phosphate

Energy is stored in the bonds of the _________________molecules. So when ATP is used by an organism for daily functioning processes, a phosphate group is broken off which ___________________ the stored energy.

We can compare ATP to a rechargeable battery.ATP = Recharged, Ready to Run Battery

ADP = Dead Battery that needs to be recharged

D. ATP is used to make and break down molecules.

Photosynthesis: Green plants capture energy from sunlight and convert it to food (stored energy!)

Cellular Respiration: Energy stored in food is broken down and turned into ATP for the organism to use

PHOTOSYNTHESIS

_______________________ (plants) must make their own ________________. To do this, they capture _________________from the ___________ and build simple

carbohydrates, specifically______________. This process is called ____________________.

How do plants capture energy from sunlight? Sunlight contains many colors of light. Since plants

appear green, green light is being _____________________ back at you. This means plants are absorbing all of the other colors, especially red and blue.

Plants contain a special pigment called ____________________ inside of the chloroplast. Chlorophyll absorbs __________ and __________ light and reflects green.

Photosynthesis Equation (HELLO NEW FRIEND!)

_____________ + ____________ + ________________ _____________+ _____________

_____________ + ____________ + ________________ _____________ + ______________

This process occurs at the ____________________ in green plant cells.

Let’s look at structure of a leaf and a chloroplast before we figure out HOW this works!

OK – LET’S SPELL IT OUT!STEPS

1.

2.

3.

4.

These steps of photosynthesis can be divided into _________________________________ and _________________________________________ reactions.

Light Dependent Reactions Light Independent Reactionsa.k.a._______________,

__________________________Water is split into oxygen and hydrogen, releasing oxygen as a waste product and using hydrogen to help create ATP to build glucose molecule

ATP and coenzymes from light dependent reactions combine with carbon dioxide molecules, rearrange them and make sugars (GLUCOSE!) for food.

SUMMARY:Purpose of Photosynthesis:

Reactants (what goes IN!) of Photosynthesis:

Products (what comes OUT!) of Photosynthesis:

What organisms go through Photosynthesis:

Purpose of Chlorophyll:

CELLULAR RESPIRATION

We know we need energy. We know why we need energy. We know we get energy from the foods/plants that we eat. We know how plants make their own food.

But, how is the energy in food released for our bodies to use?

__________________ is the process by which our bodies break what we eat into small, nutrient rich molecules along with waste products.

_____________________________ breaks down these small food/nutrient molecules and provide the energy in the form of ATP for the cell and the organism to go through all of the other life processes (thinking, moving, speaking, sleeping, etc.)

Cellular Respiration Equation (Hello 2nd New Best Friend!)

____________ + ________________ ______________ + _______________ + _____________

____________ + ________________ ______________ + _______________ + _____________

This process takes place at the ___________________________in PLANT and ANIMAL cells!!!

What is the benefit of the many folds in the mitochondria?

There are two types of cellular respiration:

1. ______________________– requires and happens in the presence of _____________

2. ______________________ – does NOT require oxygen and happens without oxygen

There are 3 Steps to Aerobic Cellular Respiration:

1. __________________: Breaks glucose molecules in half (called pyruvic acid), ready to enter the next step because there IS oxygen available

2. __________________: Breaks pyruvic acid down and produces carbon dioxide as a waste

3. _______________________________: Adds Phosphates to ADP making lots of ATP and

producing water as a waste ( involves coenzymes)

IF THERE IS NO OXYGEN AVAILABLE, Cellular Respiration is one of the two fermentations:

Animals can enter this cycle Pyruvic Acid becomes lactic acid This occurs in your muscles when you go

through strenuous exercise and do not get enough oxygen. The result is cramping and fatigue in the muscles

Yeast, bacteria, and plants can enter this cycle

Pyruvic acid is broken down to carbon dioxide and ethyl alcohol

Aerobic Respiration yields (gives off) more energy per molecule of glucose than anaerobic cellular respiration. Let’s compare:

Aerobic Cellular Respiration

Lactic Acid Fermentation

Alcoholic Fermentation

Summary:

Purpose of Aerobic Cellular Respiration:

Reactants of Cellular Respiration:

Products of Cellular Respiration: