8/2/2019 Android Report (1)

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/android-report-1 1/12

 1 

CASE STUDY 

ON

ANDROID OPERATING SYSTEM

A INDEPENDENT STUDY REPORT SUBMITTED TO THE 

DEPARTMENT OF CSE AND IT 

 SUBMITTED BY:

KUNAL GARG ( 09ITMG1042CSE)

UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF 

 Mrs Jagdeep kaur Dr Prabha Sharma

(hod , cse and it dept)

8/2/2019 Android Report (1)

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/android-report-1 2/12

 2 

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 

We take this opportunity to thank all those who have helped us in completing the study successfully .

We sincerely thank , Dr Prabha Sharma , Head Of Department CSE & IT for providing us a

platform to build this study .

We would like to show our gratitude to the university for providing us with well trained faculty and

giving us all the required resources and a healthy environment for carrying out our study .

We are highly obliged to our Guide Mrs Jagdeep Kaur , for providing us continuous and invaluable

guidance throughout the study . His kind and elderly advice always inspired us in putting our best

efforts to develop an efficient study .

KUNAL GARG

(09ITMG1042CSE)

8/2/2019 Android Report (1)

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/android-report-1 3/12

 3 

CONTENTS

S no. TOPIC PAGE

NO.

1 INTRODUCTION 04

2 GOOGLE ANDROID 05

3 VERSIONS OF ANDROID 7

4 ANDROID MARKET 7

5 REQUIRMENT FOR PROGRAMMING 9

6 USES 10

7 FUTURE DEVELOPMENT 11

8 BIBLIOGRAPHY 12

8/2/2019 Android Report (1)

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/android-report-1 4/12

 4 

INTRODUCTION

Over the past few years, the battle between heavyweights like Nokia (Symbian OS), Apple (iPhone

OS), Microsoft (Windows Mobile), RIM (RIM OS for Blackberry), and Google (Android) for

smartphone operating systems market share has been escalating. Also, the popularity and availability

of SDKs, development tools and active promotion of the application developer community by all the

major OS vendors highlights the fact that applications and user interface have emerged as critical

factors. These factors help developers in selecting the platform for application development and help

end-users in smartphone device selection.

Android, Inc., developing software for mobile phones was acquired by Google in July 2005. In

November 2007, with the establishment of the Open Handset Alliance (OHA), Google announced its

entry into the mobile world, not as a handset manufacturer but as an OSV (operating system vendor)

offering the Android platform. Android is a free and rapidly growing mobile platform. It also

provides a rich platform for third-party developers to build innovative applications with its available

set of APIs. (Application Programming Interfaces) Android offers a complete platform to mobile

operators, developers, and handset manufacturers for constructing world-class innovative devices,

software, and services.

VARIOUS MOBILE OS ARE:

 Android OS by Google Inc

 IOS by apple Inc

 Symbian OS by symbian foundation

 Blackberry OS by RIM

 Windows phone by microsoft

 Web OS by HP

8/2/2019 Android Report (1)

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/android-report-1 5/12

 5 

GOOGLE ANDROD AND ANDROID MARKET

Google AndroidTo create a mobile phone OS, Google acquired Android Inc. in July, 2005 and appointed Andy Rubin

as their Director of the mobile platforms group. After that Google entered into the mobile market not

as a handset manufacturer, but by launching a new OS called as “Android” on November 5, 2007. The

main reason why Goggle entered this market is to sell more ads in the emerging mobile form factor

and also with the dream that its OS could run any device manufactured by different handset vendors

like Samsung, LG, Motorola, HTC, etc. The customers can buy Android powered phones from any

carrier operators like T-mobile, Verizon Wireless, Sprint, etc. Goggle introduced Android as an OS

which runs the powerful applications and gives the users a choice to select their applications and their

carriers.

The Android platform is made by keeping in mind various sets of users who can use the available

capacity within Android at different levels; like basic users who demand only calling option, going

one step higher, users who use many of the available applications up to a certain extent, and going

even higher, the ones who use all of the available applications .

Goggle has a vision that Android based cell phone will have all the functions available in the latest PC.

In order to make this effort possible, Goggle launched the Open 26 Handset Alliance. Today, the openhandset alliance is a group of around 65 technological companies coming together to promote open

source software, which is powered by Google. These 65 companies are split into different groups:

1) Handset Manufacturers like HTC, Motorola, and Samsung etc.,

2) Software Developers like eBay, Goggle, livewire etc.,

3) Mobile Operators like T-mobile, Sprint, Do Co Mo, etc.,

4) Chip manufacturers like Broadcom, QUALCOMM, Marvell, Intel, etc.

8/2/2019 Android Report (1)

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/android-report-1 6/12

 6 

These companies have come together with common goal which is to make the platform viable for

mobile and also to publish the code as an open source.

The Android platform consists of several layers which provide a complete software stack. The extreme

bottom layer is the Linux Kernel, then the system libraries, Dalvik which is a virtual machine, the

application framework, and all the applications on top of that. The Android platform use a lot of open

source libraries like the Webkit, and harmony, Open SSL, Apache http components, etc. In the

libraries they have 2D and 3D graphics for the mobile systems. The most powerful part in the

platform is the Dalvik virtual machine, which interprets and executes portable Java-style byte code

which is optimized to operate on the mobile platform.

One of the best features of this platform is that they have put in hooks, which the developers can

extend in ways which nobody has even thought of yet. Thus, it can be said that it is a complete feature

or a stack for mobile system.

8/2/2019 Android Report (1)

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/android-report-1 7/12

 7 

 VERSIONS OF ANDROID:

Name  Version 

Cupcake  1.5 

Donut  1.6 

Eclair  2.1 

Froyo  2.2 

Gingerbread  2.3 

Honeycomb  3

Icecream  4

Android Market 

The Android Market, an online software store, is developed by Google for Android devices. It was

announced on August 28, 2008 and was made available to users on October 22, 2008. Most of the

Android devices come with preinstalled “Market” application which allows users to browse, buy,

download, and rate different available applications and other content for mobile phones equipped with

the open-source operating system. Unlike with the iPhone App Store, there is no requirement that

Android apps should be acquired from Android Market. Android apps may be obtained from any

source including a developer's own website. Also, Android developers can create their own

application market. Google does not have a strict requirement for the application to show up on the

Android Market compared to the “Ad Hoc” process used by Apple. This process is much more open

then Apple’s App Store. Lastly, the Android Market follows a 70/30 revenue-sharing model for

applications developed by developers. The developers of priced applications receive 70% of the

application price and remaining 30% distributes between carriers (if authorized to receive a fee for

applications purchased through their network) and payment processors. Developers get the earned

revenue from the Android Market via Google Checkout merchant accounts. Moreover, priced

application support for Android Market was made available in mid-February 2009 for US users and

UK users got a facility to purchase priced application on 13 March 2009(“Android Market,” n.d.). 

8/2/2019 Android Report (1)

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/android-report-1 8/12

 8 

After launching, there were about 2,300 applications available in the Android Market in March 2009.

As of May 04, 2010, Android apps hit around 49,000 applications which were around 12,500 in

August 2009 and 20,000 in December 2009. The growth 28 rate of new applications in the Android

Market have shown in the below figure. Recent months in 2010 have shown a growth rate of approximately 8,000 additional applications per month.

World-Wide Smartphone Sales

Quarter Android   iOS   Symbian  RIM  Microsoft Bada   Other

2011 50.9% 23.9% 11.7% 8.8% 1.9% 2.1% 0.8%

2010 31.1% 16.1% 32.9% 13.1% 3.4% 1.3% 2.2%

2009 7.6% 16.2% 44.7% 19.7% 7.9% 4.0%

2008 1.1% 10.6% 46.5% 19.3% 12.2% 9.1%

2007 5.2% 62.3% 10.9% 11.9% 9.6%

2006 61.2% 8.7% 13.4% 16.8%

REQUIRMENTS FOR PROGRAMMING ON ANDROID:

  ANDROID SDK:- A software development kit that enables developers to create applications

for the Android platform. The Android SDK includes sample projects with source code ,

development tools, an emulator , and required libraries to build Android applications.

Applications are written using the Java programming language and run on Dalvik , a custom

virtual machine designed for embedded use which runs on top of a Linux kernel .

  ANDROID ADT PLUGIN :- Android Development Tools (ADT) is a plugin for the Eclipse

IDE that is designed to give you a powerful, integrated environment in which to build Android

applications.ADT extends the capabilities of Eclipse to let you quickly set up new Android

projects, create an application UI, add components based on the Android Framework API,

debug your applications using the Android SDK tools, and even export signed (or unsigned)

.apk files in order to distribute your application.

Developing in Eclipse with ADT is highly recommended and is the fastest way to get started.

With the guided project setup it provides, as well as tools integration, custom XML editors,

and debug ouput pane, ADT gives you an incredible boost in developing Android applications.

8/2/2019 Android Report (1)

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/android-report-1 9/12

 9 

  ANDROID EMULATOR :- The Android SDK includes a mobile device emulator — a virtual

mobile device that runs on your computer. The emulator lets you develop and test Android

applications without using a physical device.When the emulator is running, you can interact

with the emulated mobile device just as you would an actual mobile device, except that you use

your mouse pointer to "touch" the touchscreen and can use some keyboard keys to invoke

certain keys on the device.

  GOOGLE API:- Google APIs Add-On is an extension to the Android SDK development

environment that lets you develop applications for devices that include Google's set of custom

applications, libraries, and services. A central feature of the add-on is the Maps external

library, which lets you add powerful mapping capabilities to your Android application. Theadd-on also provides a compatible Android system image that runs in the Android Emulator,

which lets you debug, profile, and test your application before publishing it to users. The

system image includes the the Maps library and other custom system components that your

applications may need, to access Google services (such as Android C2DM). The add-on does

not include any custom Google applications. When you are ready to publish your application,

you can deploy it to any Android-powered device that runs a compatible version of the

Android platform and that also includes the custom Google components, libraries, and services.

  ANDROID MARKET:- Android Market is an online software store developed by Google forAndroid OS devices. Its gateway is an application program ("app") called "Market",

preinstalled on most Android devices, allows users to browse and download mobile apps

published by third-party developers. Users can also search for and read detailed information

about apps on the Android Market website.

USES:

with the help of  OpeniBoot and iDroid. While Android is designed primarily for smartphones andtablets, the open and customizable nature of the operating system allows it to be used on other

electronics, including laptops and netbooks, smartbooks, ebook readers, and smart TVs (Google TV).

Further, the OS has seen niche applications on wristwatches, headphones, car CD and DVD

players, smart glasses, refrigerators, vehicle satnav systems, home automation systems, games

consoles, mirrors,cameras, portable media players landlines, and treadmills.

The first commercially available phone to run Android was the HTC Dream, released on 22 October

2008. In early 2010 Google collaborated with HTC to launch its flagship Android device, the Nexus

One. This was followed later in 2010 with the Samsung-made Nexus S and in 2011 with the Galaxy

Nexus. 

iOS and Android 2.3.3 'Gingerbread' may be set up to dual boot on a  jailbroken iPhone or iPod Touch 

8/2/2019 Android Report (1)

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/android-report-1 10/12

 10 

Future Scope: 

According to most of the application developers, considering the current market,

iPhone is much more mature compared to other platforms but Android woulddefinitely be a lot more mature market in the future with lots of more features.

They also mentioned that after the launch of windows mobile 7, the whole

mobile application market, competition would change between these 3 platforms.

In summary, the iPhone developers would like to continue working on the iPhone

platform, but are also willing to shift on Android if it gains a larger market share

with the implementation of new development tools. The most important factors

taken into account when selecting a platform for developing a new applicationare money, market share, market size, number of customers, development tools,

and ease of publishing.

8/2/2019 Android Report (1)

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/android-report-1 11/12

 11 

BIBLIOGRAPHY  

  Books Referred :  Android application development by O’ Reilly

  Beginning Android Application Development By Wei-Meng Lee

  Websites referred :

  www.google.co.in

  www.developers.android.com

  www.android.com

  www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki

8/2/2019 Android Report (1)

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/android-report-1 12/12

 12