TMFreescale, the Freescale logo, AltiVec, C-5, CodeTEST, CodeWarrior, ColdFire, C-Ware, mobileGT, PowerQUICC, StarCore, and Symphony are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc., Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. BeeKit, BeeStack, CoreNet, the Energy Efficient Solutions logo, Flexis, MXC, Platform in a Package, Processor Expert, QorIQ, QUICC Engine, SMARTMOS, TurboLink and VortiQa are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © 2010 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.

FTF-NET-F0677

Android™ OS and Power Architecture®

June 24, 2010

Phil BrownfieldSoftware Product Manager, NMG

TMFreescale, the Freescale logo, AltiVec, C-5, CodeTEST, CodeWarrior, ColdFire, C-Ware, mobileGT, PowerQUICC, StarCore, and Symphony are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc., Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. BeeKit, BeeStack, CoreNet, the Energy Efficient Solutions logo, Flexis, MXC, Platform in a Package, Processor Expert, QorIQ, QUICC Engine, SMARTMOS, TurboLink and VortiQa are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © 2010 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. 222

Objectives

►Android OS is emerging in importance for embedded systems developers

►In this session we will review recent developments in making Android OS available for Power Architecture® processors

• Overview of Android OS software components• Android OS on Power Architecture

►We will also review Freescale’s relationship with Mentor Embedded in making this possible

TMFreescale, the Freescale logo, AltiVec, C-5, CodeTEST, CodeWarrior, ColdFire, C-Ware, mobileGT, PowerQUICC, StarCore, and Symphony are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc., Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. BeeKit, BeeStack, CoreNet, the Energy Efficient Solutions logo, Flexis, MXC, Platform in a Package, Processor Expert, QorIQ, QUICC Engine, SMARTMOS, TurboLink and VortiQa are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © 2010 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. 333

Agenda

►Why Android OS platform?►Overview of Android OS software stack►Android OS on Power Architecture processors►Partnership with Mentor Embedded

TMFreescale, the Freescale logo, AltiVec, C-5, CodeTEST, CodeWarrior, ColdFire, C-Ware, mobileGT, PowerQUICC, StarCore, and Symphony are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc., Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. BeeKit, BeeStack, CoreNet, the Energy Efficient Solutions logo, Flexis, MXC, Platform in a Package, Processor Expert, QorIQ, QUICC Engine, SMARTMOS, TurboLink and VortiQa are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © 2010 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. 44

Why Android OS Platform?

►Android OS combines the power of an advanced applications framework with the robustness of the Linux® kernel

►Android OS provides a rich development environment►Android OS enables rapid deployment of graphical user interfaces

into embedded devices• Uses the Java Language with Android Class Libraries • Includes a byte-code virtual machine • Famously created by Google™ for cell phone applications processing

►The Android OS platform is open source, primarily under the Apache 2.0 license

►Android OS is not “yet another Linux distribution”

TMFreescale, the Freescale logo, AltiVec, C-5, CodeTEST, CodeWarrior, ColdFire, C-Ware, mobileGT, PowerQUICC, StarCore, and Symphony are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc., Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. BeeKit, BeeStack, CoreNet, the Energy Efficient Solutions logo, Flexis, MXC, Platform in a Package, Processor Expert, QorIQ, QUICC Engine, SMARTMOS, TurboLink and VortiQa are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © 2010 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. 55

Freescale NMG / Mentor Embedded Partnership

►Mentor Embedded has the experience and infrastructure to support Freescale’s Power Architecture customers with Android OS development and customization services

►Mentor Embedded engineers have proven expertise on Power Architecture OS technologies, needed to perform the initial port of the Android OS code base to the architecture

• Engagement started with Embedded Alley Solutions prior to their acquisition by Mentor Graphics Corporation

TM

TMFreescale, the Freescale logo, AltiVec, C-5, CodeTEST, CodeWarrior, ColdFire, C-Ware, mobileGT, PowerQUICC, StarCore, and Symphony are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc., Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. BeeKit, BeeStack, CoreNet, the Energy Efficient Solutions logo, Flexis, MXC, Platform in a Package, Processor Expert, QorIQ, QUICC Engine, SMARTMOS, TurboLink and VortiQa are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © 2010 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. 66

Android OS Software Stack

►Android OS is built above the Linux kernel, but provides its own unique userland software stack

►The Android OS application framework provides a comprehensive set of APIs for program development

►It is possible, and sometimes necessary, to run apps that are not Android-specific outside the app framework

OtherApps

AndroidAppsApp

Framework

Dalvik VM

Bionic, other libraries

Modified Linux kernel

TMFreescale, the Freescale logo, AltiVec, C-5, CodeTEST, CodeWarrior, ColdFire, C-Ware, mobileGT, PowerQUICC, StarCore, and Symphony are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc., Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. BeeKit, BeeStack, CoreNet, the Energy Efficient Solutions logo, Flexis, MXC, Platform in a Package, Processor Expert, QorIQ, QUICC Engine, SMARTMOS, TurboLink and VortiQa are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © 2010 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. 77

Key Differences with regard to GNU/Linux Software Stack

►The Android OS application framework takes the place of the X Window system to support graphical applications

►GLIBC is not present in the Android OS software stack; Bionic takes its place

►Android-specific modifications are required within the Linux kernel

OtherApps

GraphicalApps

X

GLIBC

Linux kernel

OtherApps

AndroidAppsApp

Framework

Dalvik VM

Bionic, other libraries

Modified Linux kernel

TMFreescale, the Freescale logo, AltiVec, C-5, CodeTEST, CodeWarrior, ColdFire, C-Ware, mobileGT, PowerQUICC, StarCore, and Symphony are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc., Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. BeeKit, BeeStack, CoreNet, the Energy Efficient Solutions logo, Flexis, MXC, Platform in a Package, Processor Expert, QorIQ, QUICC Engine, SMARTMOS, TurboLink and VortiQa are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © 2010 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. 88

Linux kernel under Android OS

►Android OS runs above a patched Linux kernel

►Linux kernel patches not yet integrated into kernel.org source base at time of writing

• Much recent kernel developer discussion may lead to resolution

• “wakelock” power management mechanism relied upon by Android OS is the main technical issue

►Linux kernel supports SMP, but Bionic and other Android OS core libraries’ ability to operate in an SMP environment is still evolving

OtherApps

AndroidApps

AppFrameworkDalvik VM

Bionic, other libraries

Modified Linux kernel

TMFreescale, the Freescale logo, AltiVec, C-5, CodeTEST, CodeWarrior, ColdFire, C-Ware, mobileGT, PowerQUICC, StarCore, and Symphony are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc., Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. BeeKit, BeeStack, CoreNet, the Energy Efficient Solutions logo, Flexis, MXC, Platform in a Package, Processor Expert, QorIQ, QUICC Engine, SMARTMOS, TurboLink and VortiQa are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © 2010 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. 99

Bionic and other core libraries

►Bionic is the Android OS system C library►Derived from BSD libc, under BSD license

• Comprehensive support for Dalvik and the overlaying Android OS application framework

• Includes some things, doesn’t include others• Examples: pthreads implementation not as

scalable as in glibc, no libm functions, no System V IPC, not built with standard linux-headers

• Unique prelinking mechanism►Android OS core libraries include its own

OpenGL ES implementation• Relies on framebuffer support in kernel• 2D, 3D acceleration via software

►SQLite, Webkit and SSL are other important libraries in the Android OS stack

OtherApps

AndroidApps

AndroidFrameworkDalvik VM

Bionic, other libraries

Modified Linux kernel

TMFreescale, the Freescale logo, AltiVec, C-5, CodeTEST, CodeWarrior, ColdFire, C-Ware, mobileGT, PowerQUICC, StarCore, and Symphony are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc., Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. BeeKit, BeeStack, CoreNet, the Energy Efficient Solutions logo, Flexis, MXC, Platform in a Package, Processor Expert, QorIQ, QUICC Engine, SMARTMOS, TurboLink and VortiQa are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © 2010 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. 1010

Dalvik VM

►The Dalvik Virtual Machine executes Android OS applications

►Each Android OS app runs in a separate Dalvik VM instantiation (multitasking)

• Sharing to minimize memory utilization►Apps are in the .dex file format (Dalvik

EXecutable)• Implements byte codes

►Performance enhanced through JNI

OtherApps

AndroidApps

AppFrameworkDalvik VM

Bionic, other libraries

Modified Linux kernel

TMFreescale, the Freescale logo, AltiVec, C-5, CodeTEST, CodeWarrior, ColdFire, C-Ware, mobileGT, PowerQUICC, StarCore, and Symphony are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc., Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. BeeKit, BeeStack, CoreNet, the Energy Efficient Solutions logo, Flexis, MXC, Platform in a Package, Processor Expert, QorIQ, QUICC Engine, SMARTMOS, TurboLink and VortiQa are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © 2010 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. 1111

Android OS Application Framework

►The Application Framework provides the underlying APIs and services needed by Android applications

►Supported by a large suite of class libraries• Apps written for other Java environments

likely to need adaption to this suite• External .jar libs may be utilized

►Core applications included with the Android OS SDK include web browser, email client, SMS client, contacts, calendar, maps, others

►Note that Google’s App suite is proprietary software and not part of the open source Android OS

OtherApps

AndroidApps

AppFrameworkDalvik VM

Bionic, other libraries

Modified Linux kernel

TMFreescale, the Freescale logo, AltiVec, C-5, CodeTEST, CodeWarrior, ColdFire, C-Ware, mobileGT, PowerQUICC, StarCore, and Symphony are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc., Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. BeeKit, BeeStack, CoreNet, the Energy Efficient Solutions logo, Flexis, MXC, Platform in a Package, Processor Expert, QorIQ, QUICC Engine, SMARTMOS, TurboLink and VortiQa are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © 2010 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. 1212

Developing Android OS Apps and the Android OS SDK

►The Android OS SDK includes the Java compiler and related tools for creating Android OS applications

• Hosted on Linux, Windows® and MacOS platforms

• Utilizes the Eclipse IDE►Apps are compiled into the .dex file format

(Dalvik EXecutable), then packaged together with data into .apk file format (Android PacKage) for installation into the target device

►Numerous sample applications included in the Android OS SDK

Android SDK

TMFreescale, the Freescale logo, AltiVec, C-5, CodeTEST, CodeWarrior, ColdFire, C-Ware, mobileGT, PowerQUICC, StarCore, and Symphony are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc., Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. BeeKit, BeeStack, CoreNet, the Energy Efficient Solutions logo, Flexis, MXC, Platform in a Package, Processor Expert, QorIQ, QUICC Engine, SMARTMOS, TurboLink and VortiQa are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © 2010 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. 1313

C/C++ Applications in the Android OS Userland

►Various external open source packages are used for typical system housekeeping…

• dhcpcd, ppp, dropbear, openssl, bluez, others►… and for system debug and analysis

• oprofile, tcpdump, others►Since Bionic is not glibc, some porting may

be needed for existing C/C++ apps• IPC with Android OS apps may require

thought• In theory one might be able to run glibc and

Bionic side by side, but Android OS is not delivered that way today

OtherApps

AndroidApps

AppFrameworkDalvik VM

Bionic, other libraries

Modified Linux kernel

TMFreescale, the Freescale logo, AltiVec, C-5, CodeTEST, CodeWarrior, ColdFire, C-Ware, mobileGT, PowerQUICC, StarCore, and Symphony are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc., Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. BeeKit, BeeStack, CoreNet, the Energy Efficient Solutions logo, Flexis, MXC, Platform in a Package, Processor Expert, QorIQ, QUICC Engine, SMARTMOS, TurboLink and VortiQa are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © 2010 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. 1414

Android OS Development Process

►Android OS development occurs in Google’s own private code base• Licensed to members of the Open Handset Alliance

►For each major version, Google releases code publicly to the AOSP• Mainly on ARM™ architecture; Freescale i.MX processors supported here

►Mentor Embedded maintains a private code base which includes support for Power Architecture, starting with the Android 1.5 “Cupcake” OS release

►Moving code modifications upstream is a still-evolving process

Android OpenSource Project

Googleinternal

MentorEmbedded

1.5“Cupcake”

1.5

1.6“Donut”

1.6

2.0“Eclair”

2.0

TMFreescale, the Freescale logo, AltiVec, C-5, CodeTEST, CodeWarrior, ColdFire, C-Ware, mobileGT, PowerQUICC, StarCore, and Symphony are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc., Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. BeeKit, BeeStack, CoreNet, the Energy Efficient Solutions logo, Flexis, MXC, Platform in a Package, Processor Expert, QorIQ, QUICC Engine, SMARTMOS, TurboLink and VortiQa are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © 2010 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. 1515

Android OS Port to Power Architecture Technology

► Mentor Embedded ported Android OS to Freescale’s MPC8536 and QorIQ P1022 processors, both based on the e500v2 core

► Linux kernel patches were ported to 2.6.28 powerpc subtree and validated. Frame buffer support for XGI graphics device integrated.

► Bionic, Dalvik and associated core libraries ported, including the “Pixelflinger” graphics JIT and hand optimized routines for OpenGL ES

► Endian dependencies eliminated throughout the software stack

► Removed assumptions for cell phone use, such as increased display size support, ability to run with mouse or without touchscreen

► Core Android OS apps just work

OtherApps

AndroidAppsApp

Framework

Dalvik VM

Bionic, other libraries

Modified Linux kernel

TMFreescale, the Freescale logo, AltiVec, C-5, CodeTEST, CodeWarrior, ColdFire, C-Ware, mobileGT, PowerQUICC, StarCore, and Symphony are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc., Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. BeeKit, BeeStack, CoreNet, the Energy Efficient Solutions logo, Flexis, MXC, Platform in a Package, Processor Expert, QorIQ, QUICC Engine, SMARTMOS, TurboLink and VortiQa are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © 2010 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. 161616

Android™ OS on Power Architecture® Technology

► Enables applications that perform heavy embedded workloads to leverage the headed and headless application layer framework of Android technology

► Adds to the tools available for Power Architecture customers► Enables emerging embedded applications► Target Applications

Office AutomationMultimedia PlayersVideo SurveillanceStorage and Networking AppliancesAutomotiveMedical devices Home automation Instrumentation Industrial control

WatchMe

Pow

er A

rchi

tect

ure®

Tec

hnol

ogy

Embedded Workload

Network Services

TMFreescale, the Freescale logo, AltiVec, C-5, CodeTEST, CodeWarrior, ColdFire, C-Ware, mobileGT, PowerQUICC, StarCore, and Symphony are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc., Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. BeeKit, BeeStack, CoreNet, the Energy Efficient Solutions logo, Flexis, MXC, Platform in a Package, Processor Expert, QorIQ, QUICC Engine, SMARTMOS, TurboLink and VortiQa are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © 2010 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. 1717

Single Core Use Case Scenarios for Android OS

►On the single core MPC8536, there are multiple use case scenarios possible; here are a couple

►Complete use of Android OS framework applications to control all aspects of user interface and device control, as well as other system functions

►Use of Android OS applications to control the user interface, with non-Android OS framework applications handling device control

MPC8536

AndroidOS

e500v2

MPC8536

And

roid

OS App

e500v2

TMFreescale, the Freescale logo, AltiVec, C-5, CodeTEST, CodeWarrior, ColdFire, C-Ware, mobileGT, PowerQUICC, StarCore, and Symphony are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc., Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. BeeKit, BeeStack, CoreNet, the Energy Efficient Solutions logo, Flexis, MXC, Platform in a Package, Processor Expert, QorIQ, QUICC Engine, SMARTMOS, TurboLink and VortiQa are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © 2010 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. 1818

Dual Core Use Case Scenarios for Android OS

► Similarly on the dual core P1022, multiple use case scenarios are possible► Android OS apps on one core framework applications controls user interface► Linux on the other core controls device operation. Alternatively, an RTOS or lighter

executive may assume this role► Other system functions may be mapped as appropriate► Operating systems may run directly on the e500v2 cores, or above a hypervisor

P1022

AndroidOS

e500v2

GNU/Linux

e500v2P1022

AndroidOS

e500v2

RTOS

e500v2

P1022

AndroidOS

Hypervisor

GNU/Linuxor RTOS

e500v2 e500v2

TMFreescale, the Freescale logo, AltiVec, C-5, CodeTEST, CodeWarrior, ColdFire, C-Ware, mobileGT, PowerQUICC, StarCore, and Symphony are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc., Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. BeeKit, BeeStack, CoreNet, the Energy Efficient Solutions logo, Flexis, MXC, Platform in a Package, Processor Expert, QorIQ, QUICC Engine, SMARTMOS, TurboLink and VortiQa are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © 2010 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. 191919

Streamlining the Adoption of Android OS in Embedded Applications

►Freescale partners with Mentor Embedded to bring an integrated development path for Android OS on Power Architecture® solutions

Concept

MPC8536-ADKEvaluation and

Prototype Platform

Android OS SDK

Mentor Embedded Android Development System

Prototype

Mentor EmbeddedProfessional Services

Design Product

+

+QorIQ™ and

PowerQUICC®

TMFreescale, the Freescale logo, AltiVec, C-5, CodeTEST, CodeWarrior, ColdFire, C-Ware, mobileGT, PowerQUICC, StarCore, and Symphony are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc., Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. BeeKit, BeeStack, CoreNet, the Energy Efficient Solutions logo, Flexis, MXC, Platform in a Package, Processor Expert, QorIQ, QUICC Engine, SMARTMOS, TurboLink and VortiQa are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © 2010 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. 202020

Freescale’s MPC8536-ADK Android OS Evaluation/Prototype System

►Freescale hardware• Based on MPC8536RDK

development system►Mentor Embedded Android OS

run time on Power Architecture®

technology• Prebuilt, preinstalled Android

runtime image►Mentor Embedded Android OS

build software• Source directory, make files and

tools to rebuild Android OS on MPC8536-ADK

• Subset of the “Mentor Embedded Development System for Android”

TMFreescale, the Freescale logo, AltiVec, C-5, CodeTEST, CodeWarrior, ColdFire, C-Ware, mobileGT, PowerQUICC, StarCore, and Symphony are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc., Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. BeeKit, BeeStack, CoreNet, the Energy Efficient Solutions logo, Flexis, MXC, Platform in a Package, Processor Expert, QorIQ, QUICC Engine, SMARTMOS, TurboLink and VortiQa are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © 2010 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. 2121

In Closing

►Android OS is emerging as a sophisticated platform for Power Architecture systems development

• Advanced applications framework• Linux kernel robustness• Flexible system usage models

►Freescale, with its partner Mentor Embedded, is enabling this technology on PowerQUICC and QorIQ reference platforms

TM