Note: This lecture information will need to be included on your unit

assessment Warfare

Outcome: Medieval Warfare

Essential Question (Learning Target):Summarize the warfare techniques and strategies used in the medieval world.

Compare and contrast ancient, medieval, and modern warfare based on Sun Tzu’s principles.

1. Changes from Ancient Warfare and Causesa. Causes of Change:

i. Invention of the ____________________1. _________________ (Improved mobility on horseback)

ii. To combat the steppe nomads (__________), Islamic Arab Empires Dominance

iii. European and Japanese ________________________1. ______________ ______________ led to faster development of new weaponry

iv. More ______________________

v. Greater Attempt at _______________________ ___ _________________________1. ________________ signals, audible commands, messengers, or ____________

_______________ such as raising a standard banner or flag

vi. Greater attempts to ______________ ________________1. ___________________ against Cavalry 2. ___________________________________

vii. ____________ ___________________ in greater numbers at beginning of conflict to break open lines

viii. Cavalry used to 1. __________________________2. __________________________3. __________________________4. __________________________

ix. Battles were _______________________________ due to knights1. _________________ soldiers was a larger battle

2. Fortificationsa. ______________________

i. Created due to _________________ ___________________

________________________Incredible

___________________Very Heavy, upwards

of ________Some knights had two

sets: _____________ and __________ Armor

ii. _____ ______________________, Larger bunkersiii. Started as Wooden ______________ __________________iv. Controlled Lords/Retainers Property including peasants

b. Importance i. ___________________, but difficult to defeat

ii. Siege engines _________________

3. Siege Warfare: Offensea. Siege Engines

i. ________________________ii. Battering rams

iii. ________________________iv. Mangonel (like a catapult)v. _______________________

vi. Ballistavii. _______________________

viii. Mining4. Knights

a. Main _________________________ (like a tank)b. Costly profession

i. ________________________ii. Horses

iii. ________________________iv. Time training

c. Followed Concept of ___________________ (like Bushido)i. ______________________________________

ii. _____________________ warfare

d. Lasted till the use of Longbows in battle Agincourt

5. Unique Equipmenta. Horseman’s Pickb. Flail c. Mace d. Halberde. Military Fork f. Pollaxeg. Longbowh. Crossbow

6. Naval Warfarea. Mostly used for __________________________ of troopsb. Similar to ancient warfare: _________________________

Siege Warfare: Defense_______________

_________Murder-holes_______________

_________Arrow slits_______________

_________Portcullises

c. Boats were ___________________ for open water

7. End of Medieval Warfare a. Invention and use of _____________________ (mid 1300’s)

i. Led to the fall of the ___________________ii. Battles: Crecy, Agincourt, Poitiers

b. Invention and use of _______________________i. From ______________ through Silk Road/Mongol Conquest

ii. Started in ___________________ century in Europeiii. Bombards in the __________________iv. Fall of ______________________