Name:_______________________________________Class:___________

FORCE AND MOTION UNIT

Third Grade Science

2015-2016

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Self and Teacher Assessment

My goals for this unit are:

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Rubric:Self and Teacher Assessment

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1Rarely

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Completion: I answered the questions for each lesson.Accuracy: My answers are correct and make sense.Depth: I explain my answers by giving examples, and showing that I thought about “why” and “how”.Neatness and Organization: My handwriting is easy for others to read, my diagrams are clear, and there are no scribbles or tears.Date

Student Signature

Parent Signature

Measuring Force

Force is a push or a pull

Practice using your push-pull meter. Apply the following amount of force to your partner’s finger:

2 units of force 4 units of force 6 units of force

1. Which felt like more force? 2 units, or 6 units? ____________________

2. How much force did it take to move these objects? Object Moved Units of Force UsedPush empty soda can

Pull empty soda can

Lift empty soda can 1cm from the tabletopLift empty soda can from floor to tabletop

Push full soda can

Pull full soda can

Lift full soda can 1cm from the tabletopLift full soda can from floor to tabletop

Push wooden block

Pull wooden block

Lift wooden block one cm from the tabletopLift wooden block from floor to tabletop

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3. Which object used the most force to lift? Explain why.

4. Which uses the most force: pushing, pulling, or lifting an object? Discuss with your partner, then explain your answer below.

BONUS QUESTIONS

5. What kind of work are you doing at home that involves force like pushing, pulling or lifting?

6. What kinds of simple machines do you use to save you from using much force? (Elevator is one example.)

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7. Think of a game in which you apply force to something (like a ball, for example). Draw and label your example.

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Friction: How does friction stop motion?

Friction is a force that slows down motion

1. Rub your hands together. What did you feel?

2. What causes the feeling you had when you rubbed your hands together?

3. What is another example of friction (think of something rubbing on something else?)

4. Why do we sometimes use lubricants (water, oil, soap)?

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5.

Force Lubrication? Distance (cm)

6 N No.

8 N No.

6 N Yes.

8 N Yes.

6. Did lubrication make the mass (weight) slide farther? Explain.

7. What are some other ways to reduce (make less) friction between moving objects?

* Come up with your own friction experiment.

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How do inclined planes and wheels help us move objects?

An inclined plane is a ramp.

Height of inclined plane (cm)

1st trial 2nd trial 3rd trialSled

Car with two small wheelsCar with big wheelsCar with four wheelsWet surface

Car with weights

1. Look at your chart. Why did the sled and car move down the inclined plane even when you did not push them?

2. Which slid down the inclined plane most easily (with the least help from gravity), the sled or the cars?

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3. Why did wheels help your car move? Explain using the word friction.

4. How do inclined planes help us move objects?

5. How wheels help us move objects?

Bonus Questions:* Did weights help or hurt your car’s motion?

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** Did the wheel size make a difference?

*** How did wetting the surface help the car move?

**** What else can you change about your car to help it move?

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Wheel and Axle: How do wheels and axles help objects move?

Distance moved (cm) after using different amounts of force (N)

2 Newtons 4 Newtons 6 NewtonsCar without wheelsCar with two wheelsCar with four wheels

Four-wheel car with lubricantFour-wheel car with weights

1. Which car went the furthest?

2. Which car went the least far?

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3. Look at the 6 Newton column. Why did some cars, when pushed with the same force, go further than others?

4. How did lubricants make a different in the distance?

5. Which car went further, the two-wheel car or the four-wheel car?

6. How do wheels help us move objects? (Use the word friction in your answer)

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Bonus Questions: What else can you change about your car to make it go further?

Design an experiment to do on cars.

Draw your experiment.

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Levers: How does a lever help us do work?

1. Draw a lever and label its parts.

2. How do you make the load move up?

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Fulcrum position

Force (N) needed to lift load

How far you pushed down (cm)

Distance loadmoved up (cm)

Further from the loadMiddle

Closer to load

4. Which fulcrum position made it easy to move up the load (middle, far, or close)? Use the numbers on your chart to explain.

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5. Which fulcrum position was the hardest to move up the load (middle, far, or close)? Use the numbers from your chart to explain.

6. When were you able to move the load the highest from the table?

* The closer the fulcrum is to the load, the less force it takes to lift. Can you think of a bad thing about when the fulcrum is closer to the load (think about the distance it moves up)?

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Levers (Catapults)

How does the fulcrum position affect the distance the ball flies?

1. Draw and label your catapult lever.

2. Fill out the chart.How far fulcrum is to spoon (cm)

Distance the ball flew (cm)

3. How far from the spoon was the fulcrum when the ball traveled the furthest? Give examples.

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4. Where was the fulcrum when the ball traveled the least far? Give examples.

5. Does putting the fulcrum far from the spoon make the ball fly further? Explain why or why not.

Bonus Questions:

What else can do you wonder about your catapult?

How will you find out through an experiment?

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Pulleys: How do pulleys help us do work?

1. How is a pulley like a wheel and axle? (Think about how it looks).

2. Look at the picture. Draw an arrow to show which direction you pull on the string. Then draw an arrow to show which direction the load moves when you pull the string.

3. How much force does it take to lift the mass without the pulley?

4. How much force does it take to pull the mass up with the pulley?

5. How does this kind of pulley (a single, fixed pulley, help us do work)?

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6. Look at the picture. Draw an arrow to show which direction you pull on the string. Then draw an arrow to show which direction the load moves when you pull the string.

7. How much force does it take to move the mass with this kind of pulley (a single, moveable pulley)?

8. How does a single, moveable pulley help us move a mass?

9. How do pulleys help us do work?

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Bonus Question

What is a tradeoff (something good and something bad) when using a pulley?

Design a pulley you can use at home.

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Wedges: How do wedges help us do work?

1. Lift the two blocks with the push-pull meter. How much force did it take?

2. Lift the two blocks by sliding the wedge under it. How much force did it take?

3. Did it take less force to lift the blocks by hand, or with the wedge?

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4. How is a wedge like an inclined plane?

5. How is a wedge different than an inclined plane?

6. How does a wedge help make it easier to lift something?

7. What are some real-life examples of wedges?

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Airplane ShapeShape of plane Distance traveled (cm)Triangle

Square

Rectangle

Airplane SizeSize of plane (length in cm)

Distance traveled (cm)

2 cm long

4 cm long

6 cm long

8. How does the size of a plane affect distance?

9. How does the shape affect distance? Explain in 2-3 sentences.

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Ball and inclined plane

How does the angle of the inclined plane (ramp) affect the distance the ball travels?

Put the ruler 7 cm from the cup, and the cup 7 cm from the finish line.Angle Before the

finish lineOn the finish line

After the finish line

1. At which angle does the ball push the cup before the finish line?

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2. At which angle does the ball push the cup on the finish line?

3. At which angle does the ball push the cup past the finish line?

4. How does the angle of the inclined plane (ramp) affect the distance the ball travels?

* Try other angles if you are done early.

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** How would adding lubricant (something slimy) to the ramp change how hard the ball would push the cup?

*** How would changing the size of the ball make a difference?

**** At 30 degrees, try releasing the ball from 30cm, then 25cm, 20cm, 15cm, 10cm, and 5cm.

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Challenge: Design a rollercoaster that can make the ball go into the container, when the container is 30cm away from the tip of the rollercoaster.

Marble Rollercoaster: How does the angle of an inclined plane affect the path of a ball?

Draw:

1. Design that fell short of the target (container).

2. Design that went in.

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3. Design that went too far.

4. Why did some designs go further than others?

Bonus Questions:

Measure the angles of the rollercoaster with a protractor, and label your drawings.

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** Which were best angles for making the ball go into the cup.

How does the size of the passengers affect the path they travel?

Vocabulary:

Gravity= the force that pulls things downFriction= roughnessKinetic energy= energy of an object that is movingMomentum= mass (weight) x velocity (speed)

1. Using the small marble, choose a roller coaster design that lets the passenger reach the end of the rollercoaster, without falling off. Draw and label this design.

2. Try the same design using a heavier passenger (large marble). Draw where the heavier ball ended up.

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3. Try the same design using a third ball. Draw where the third ball ended up.

4. How does the mass of the passengers affect the path they travel? (Talk about mass and speed)

5. How does adding something rough affect where the passenger stops (write about friction)?

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*Create your own rollercoaster game.

How do gears help us do work?1 1. Number of teeth: A_______ B_______

2. Do the gears turn at the same rate (speed)?_____3. Which turns faster? ______4. Which turns slower? ______5. Draw arrows to show the direction each gear moves.

2 1. Number of teeth: A_______ B_______2. Do the gears turn at the same rate (speed)?_____3. Which turns faster? ______4. Which turns slower? ______5. Draw arrows to show the direction each gear moves.

3 1. Number of teeth: A_______ B_______2. Do the gears turn at the same rate (speed)?_____3. Which turns faster? ______4. Which turns slower? ______5. Draw arrows to show the direction each gear moves.

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4 1. Number of teeth: A_______ B_______2. Do the gears turn at the same rate (speed)?_____3. Which turns faster? ______4. Which turns slower? ______5. Draw arrows to show the direction each gear moves.

5 1. Number of teeth: A______ B______ C______2. Do the gears turn at the same rate (speed)?_____3. Which turns fastest? ______4. Which turns slowest? ______5. Draw arrows to show the direction each gear moves.

6 1. Number of teeth: A______ B______ C______2. Do the gears turn at the same rate (speed)?_____3. Which turns the fastest? ______4. Which turns slowest? ______5. Draw arrows to show the direction each gear moves.

7 Do wheels next to each other turn the same direction or opposite?

8 Do bigger wheels or smaller wheels turn faster?

9 How do gears help us do work?

10 Give examples of machines that use gears.

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