Ancient to Roman Education

Blessie N. Natulan II-4 BECED

ANCIENT TO ROMAN EDUCATION

CHARACTERISTICS CONTENT AIM METHODS

PRIMITIVE EDUCATION Absence or reading

and writing Primitive life was

tribal

Spiritual and ceremonial

Social knowledge enculturation conformity

participation trial/error observation demonstration

ORIENTAL EDUCATION complex form of

government higher level of culture

centered around the need for maintain a way of life

provide skills needed to cope with complex living

observation memorization repetition

EGYPTIAN EDUCATION agriculture was

advanced the culture was

dependent on the activity of the Nile

vocational training domestic training literacy training religious training

to preserve the status quo

apprenticeship memorization copying of text dictation participation

GREEK EDUCATION(Spartan Education)

(Athenian Education)

education was the supreme concern of the state

obedience/ discipline resigned as the highest good

the education was supervised by the state

full rounded development of mind/ body

military training physical education

reading writing arithmetic

training a powerful bodies of soldiers

individual excellence

training instruction

participation imitation memorization

ROMAN EDUCATION they were the first to study foreign languages and to out women on schools

Roman life was dominated by the family

Practical training Vocational training Religious training Moral training

Development of vie bonus aimed for linguistic facility/perfection in public speaking debate

Declamation Writing Imitation memoriation

MEDIEVAL EDUCATION


EDUCATIONAL ATTITUDES/ PRACTICES OF

JESUS

it was founded on Judaism

concerned with religious training -the development of the right relationship between man and God

teaching the essentials as found in the sermon on the Mount

to lift man’s way of thinking

conservational method

gnomic method (use of proverbs)

parable

EARLY-CHRISTIAN CHURCH Catechumenal

schools were organized for those who desired to become members of the church

Cathedral schools remained as the higher schools of Christian learning

Church doctrine Church rituals Moral virtues Religious disciple

Moral regeneration of the individual through moral/religious training

Catechetical method Rote recitation Exhortation exposition

MONASTICISM monastic institutions

was developed Monasteries become

the centers for literacy, artistic/ scholarly aspects of life

Reading Writing Arithmetic Astronomy Literacy activities Manual training

Salvation of individual souls

Catechetical method Dictation Meditation memorization

SCHOLASTICISM limits itself to

religious/ intellectual education

theology religious philosophy

intellectual discipline supports the doctrine

of the church by rational argument

lecture repetition disputation examination logical analysis

CHILVARIC EDUCATION a complicated system

of political and personal relationships called feudalism

social activities military training religious activities physical training

teach the best ideals on protection of the weak , honesty in everything, courage at all times

imitate by example learning by doing

GUILD APPROACH TO EDUCATION

the crusaders increased trade/ commerce

reading writing arithmetic religious instructions

emphasized vocational training to children so they will be prepared for commerce/ industry

imitation dictation memorization lecture explanation

SARACENIC APPROACH TO EDUCATION

creation of the scientific spirit of investigation/ improvement of science tools

Koran 3 R’s-reading, writing, arithmetic

Different sciences

To search for knowledge application of scientific facts to the affairs of daily living

Scientific method Catechetical method Memorization Lecture travel

RENAISSANCE TO THE AGE OF NATURALISM IN EDUCATION


INDIVIDUALISTIC HUMANISM

Characterized by freedom of thought, self-expression/ creative activity

Literacy Aesthetic education Practical training Social training

To develop individual personality

To get the most possible out of life

Critical thinking Inclusion of play Sufficient motivation reading

NORTHERN OR SOCIAL HUMANISM

they stressed piety ahead of learning/moral duty ahead of manners

the curricula of social humanism consisted of classical/biblical literature

literacy education religious instruction moral education social education

improvement of human relationships

eliminates the ignorance of the common people and hypocrisy of social leaders

individualized instruction

use of games and exercise

repetition motivation use of praise/rewards imitation

REFORMATION a reform in religious

doctrine correct abuses in the

church

study of the bible physical education singing vocational training

religious moralism living a worthy life on earth

repetition question and answer phonetic method use of textbooks

CATHOLIC COUNTER-REFORMATION

prepare young women to perform their duties as Christian members of society

Domestic and vocational training were in the hands of parents

Domestic training Vocational training 4 R’s with emphasis

on religion Latin classics Moral training

Religious moralism Repetition Question and answer Phonetic method Use of textbooks

THE REALISTIC MOVEMENT

a. Literacy Realism

b. Social Realism

c. Sense Realism

They agreed that classical language/literature were the ideal means to liberal education

Prepare individuals to fit in the society through the study of classical literature

An outgrowth of the scientific discoveries

Bible study Literacy classics Ancient literature

Moral training Intellectual training Travel experiences Physical education

Scientific training Democratic education

Complete knowledge and understanding of human society

Prepare aristocratic youth for the life of a gentleman in the world of affairs

Develop a harmonious society

Conferences Incidental method of

teaching Discussions

Competition Independent thinking Application of what

have been learned

Textbook method Inductive method exerimentation

FORMAL DISCIPLINE rise of formal

discipline development of

rationalism

physical training moral training intellectual training linguistics mathematics

formation of character

provide exercises of body, mind and of self-control

exercise drill memorization reasoning


NATURALISM Application of natural laws to the educational process

Informal exercises of the senses, the muscles/the tongue

Health training

Preservation of the natural goodness/ virtue

Self-activity individualization

NATIONALISM recognized that an efficient national system of education promote national goals

grammar physical education health training teaching of civics

preservation/ glorification of the state

develop responsible citizenship/ national feeling

scientific inquiry experimentation

DEVELOPMENTALISM advocated a child-centered point of view based on a careful study of the child

physical training nature moral training practical training 3 R’s

Unfold the natural capacities of the child

Scientific inquiry experimentation

SOCIOLOGICAL MOVEMENT

A. SocialTraditionalism

B. SocialExperimentalism

focused on the contribution of education to the preservation/ progress of society

prepare the individual for adjustment to society

the training for intelligence in all phases of human activity

physical training moral/religious

training athletics public speaking

activities

controversy issues- social, economic/ political activities

gave all pupils an insight into their traditions/ efficiently adapt the individual to the society

to prepare the school program for a progressive structuring of the social order

social communication social cooperation student participation

fieldtrip guidance democratic method

NATURALISM TO THE 20TH CENTURY

PHILOSOPHICAL FOUNDATIONS OF EDUCATION

PHILOSOPHY AIMS CURRICULUM METHODOLOGY

1. Idealism The development of mind and self

Mathematics, history and literature

Questioning and discussion; lecture, project method

2. Realism Provide the essential knowledge needed to survive in the natural world

Liberal arts curriculum and the math science disciplines

Recall, explain, compare, interpret/make inference

3. Essentialism To fit the man to perform justly, skillfully and magnanimously

All the traditional subjects of the elementary school

Academic subjects in arts/sciences for the secondary level

Assignment, homework, recitations, testing/ evaluation

4. Perennialism The education of the rational person; the search for the dissemination of truth

Cognitive subjects like history, language, mathematics, logic, literature, humanities, science

Reading, discussion

5. Progressivism To meet the needs of the growing child

Common shared experiences of the students

Group project

6. Recostructionalism To awaken the students’ consciousness about social problems and to actively engage them in problem solving

Controversial issues in religion, economics, politics and education

Problem-oriented

7. Existentialism Cultivates an intensity of awareness in the learner

Literature and humanities; history; arts

Question and answer

8. Philosophical Analysis Formulate the rules Core curriculum; integrated curriculum

Critical examination

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Ancient to Roman Education