3Material AICLE. 1º de ESO: Ancient Greece (Solucionario)

10. Teacher version worksheet

1. The Minoan civilization (3.000 BC-1450 BC)

One of the earliest civilizations to appear around Greece was on the island of Crete. The name comes from their King Minos, who grew rich from trade, and built fine palaces.

The Minotaur

2. The Myceneans (until 1200 BC)

Trojan Horse from the movie Troy

They were the soldiers from mainland Greece who fought Troy (13th century BC). They were divided into kingdoms, each containing a territory and a population distributed into both small towns and large estates owned by the nobility. At the end of the period, this civilization began to disappear because of Dorian and Sea people invasions.

3. The Dark Age (1100 BC-800 BC)

This black period started when the Mycenean’s highly organized

culture began to disappear. The great palaces and cities were

destroyed or abandoned, and the population declined. During this

age, the writing of the Greek language used by Mycenaean

bureaucrats ceases.

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4. The Archaic period (c.800-c.500 BC)

The term comes from the study of Greek art, in which artists made sculptures in hieratic poses that contained the seeds of Classical art. There were significant changes in political theory (the republican

was a form of government), the rise of the polis, the beginning of the Olympic Games (776 B.C.), as well as the reintroduction of the written language (lost during the Dark Ages), marking the beginning of Greek literature (Homer). This period is also characterized by the colonization of the Mediterranean.

Kurós del Asclepeion de Paros

5. “Classical" Greece (most of the 6th, 5th and 4th centuries BC.)

It was the "golden age" of Greece. Much of modern politics, artistic thought, scientific thought, literature, and philosophy derives from this period. The Persian Wars also took place at that time. Athens and Sparta were dominant, but they ended fighting each other (Peloponnesian War).

6. Macedonia (4th centurie BC)

The wars between Athens and Sparta had weakened the poleis. This very large Kingdom, located in the north of Greece, took advantage of this situation. King Philip II conquered the Greek territories. His son, Alexander the Great, conquered the whole Persian Empire and reached the Indus River.

Map of Alexander's empire.

7. The Hellenistic period (323-146 BC)

This period is when Greek culture and power expanded into the near and middle east. This period begins with the death of Alexander and ends with the Roman conquest.

5Material AICLE. 1º de ESO: Ancient Greece (Solucionario)

Listening: Politics and society

Initially, many Greek city states were kingdoms. By the Archaic period, most had already become aristocratic oligarchies. Inevitably, the domination of a few of families caused problems in many poleis. In the 500s BC, a new way of government was invented in Athens. It was democracy. The term is derived from the Greek �ῆ��� (dêmos) "people" and ������ (krátos) "power". Now, many people and not just a few governed. The problem it is that not all the people could participate in politics because Greek society was divided into two groups: - Citizens. They took part in politics, enjoyed many rights and paid taxes. Some were very wealthy. - Non-citizens. Women, foreigners or slaves were not allowed to take part in politics and had no political rights at all.

A woman seated (left) and a master and his slave (right) in a phlyax play.

Other city-states founded democracies. Sparta was a notable exception to the rest of Greece because it was ruled by not one, but two hereditary monarchs (diarchy).

6 Material AICLE. 1º de ESO: Ancient Greece (Solucionario)

7. Final activities