Ancient Greece and Rome Review Notes

7/29/2019 Ancient Greece and Rome Review Notes

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Ancient Greece and Rome Review

Greece

Earliest civs.o Minoans

Lived on crete Island of abundant wealth 200km long Divided by tall mountains Grew grain, raised livestock, fished Developed form of writing/metal skills, sea navigation skills Largest city:Knossos Polytheistic, king was godlike deity Greek language: linear A END: 1400 bce myth of minotaur, athen took over, volcano eruption,

mycenaans taking over

o Mycenaean Early Greeks Bronze very common, more effective natural resource use, more contact

of trade

Came from south Russia Rich off olive oil Warriors at heart, went to war with Trojans (ILLAID) by homer (1200) Greek language, linear B Theocracy ; agamemenon END: civil wars, conquered by dorians, entered dark age

o Dorians Came from north, iron weapons No written lang. So dark age End of dark 800bce

o TROJAN WAR ILLAID by HOMERTrojans lost to Mycenaeans & Agamemnon, with the

Trojan horse

End of Dark Ageo New national lit. (Homer)o The olmypics for zeus 776 bceo CITY STATES

ATHENS, SPARTA ATHENS


2/5

Democracyeducated ppl Music and in to the arts No freedom for woman Boys given military training when 18

SPARTA Sent to military school early Education was for good for girls but only for the purpose of

military uses

Had mix of oligarchy, monarch, democracyo Persian wars

Persia wants Greece Co-opearate to fight against Persia (Athens/Sparta) 3 major battles

Marathon 490 bceo Darius vs militadeso Spartans dont show up waiting till after full moono Greeks won

Thermoplaye -480 bceo Xerxes vs leonidaso Defended narrow passo Got betrayed Persians got around Greeks lost

Salamis and plateau -479 bceo Athens strong navy beat Persians for final blowo Freed Ionian Greekso Persians destroyed

LEGEND VS MYTH VS FABLEo A fable story with a lesson to be learned in the endo A legend popular story that has be repeatedly told that happened in the past,

no proof , ex: Trojan horse

o A myth story about magical deities Socrates 469 399 bce

o Philosopher from Athenso Made discovery of soulo Constantly asked question to clearly define meaningso Plato his student wrote about himo Charged w/ corrupting youth, sentenced to death + preaching against gods

Archimedeso Mathematician and inventoro Archimedean screw


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Pericleso Politician + architecto Made citizenso Made long walls

Protected Athens when attacked Trade route to Piraeus Caused plague

o Created direct democracy Delian league

o Defensive alliance again Persiao Spata was not part of ito Common navyo Paid for, to Athenso Could not withdraw league unless all agreedo Problem in league caused PELOPOONESIAN WAR

Athenian coins replaced others City states had to seek permission form Athens Werent scared of Persia anymore

Peloponnesian warso Atens vs Peloponnesian legue (led by Sparta)o 3 battles, 3 phaseso Documented b thucydideso Wall were besiged, plague strikeso Athens surrender to Spartao Sparta is unsuccessful with control

Poverty and atrocities spread Power shifted to Macedonia

Philip of Macedon took over Greeceo Son took over must of the rest of the world till his early

death (Alexander the great)


4/5

Rome

Republico SPQR the Senate and People in Romeo Romulus and Remus

Brothers, saved by she-wolf, remus killed by romuluso Social breakdown

Patricians senatorial aristocracy, landowning, patres = father Plebeians people, landless poor, piebs = common ppl

o Strigling Oil on skin was scraped

o CEMENT gave world cement Empire

o Gladiators Recruited criminals or slaves, fought as gladiator

o Spartacus Born in Thrace revolted against slavery, was unsuccessful

o Circus Maximus Horse racing

o Emperors Nero

Only 16 year when he came into power Handsome Wisely advised by Seneca and mother Got mad, murdered mother and wife Married mistress Neglected ruling, preferred the arts Allegedly brunt city in Rome and built and palace on it Sung while rome burnt

Hadrian Modernized laws Made Hadrian wall to protects Rome Rebuilt Parthenon Wasnt really into war Travelled alot Tried to solve problems in Rome

Diocletian Delayed the collapse of rome Avoided the senate Divded rome Moved himelf to modern day turkey


5/5

Tried to impose one religion Caligula

Grandnephew of Tiberius Rumours of sadism and schizophrenic Alcoholic Good at first, freed prisoner, and taxes, went crazy and beheaded

and raped wives

o Legions and Roads Divided army into cohorts which moved in lines Basic unit of 80 men (6=a cohort), 10 cohorts = 4800 (full legion) Divide and conquer Romans built roads to transfer soldiers

o Fall of Empire Spread to thin Barbarians attacked Rise of Christianity Insecurity of emperors, rivalry, murders, and power struggles Too much reliance on slaves High inflation and taxes More army led to less farming Other colonies provided Rome with resources, which made Rome poor,

and other colonies more richer

Many provinces wanted independenceo Byzantine empire

Constantine moved to turkey Renamed Byzantine

Great Man theory Thomas carklyeo What is a great man? Person who makes a large impact on society by either

being eventful or event making

o The history of great men, is the history of the worldo Make revolutionary changes in world

Deityo Roman, and Greek kings claimed to be deitieso Augustus claimed to be the son of Venus

Overall accomplishments of Greece and Romeo Greek words, demo , cracy, poli, columns, war machines, Hippocratic oath,

Socratic method, Olympics, bronze, iron

o Rome gave concrete , latin, arch, laws, Christianity, lead

Documents

Ancient Greece and Rome Review Notes