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Ancient Greece 500-323 B.C.E.

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Objectives Analyze the significance of festivals & sports in ancient Greece Identify Socrates, Plato, & Aristotle Summarize Alexanders conquests and their impact on future cultures

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Greek geography Mountainous Communities independently What does this mean for the people? Diverse Fought

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Technology results from necessity Cities located on many seas - developed navy for? Trading Security

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Technology results from scarcity Need fresh water. How do you get it? Aqueduct Terracing

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TERMS TO LEARN POLIS: city-state Importance Center of Greek life The good of the polis was the center of G life ACROPOLIS: high fortified area of Athens & site of the Parthenon (temple to the gods) AGORA: marketplace, center of the city's civic life.

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Mo Terms YO! ARISTOCRATS: Member of ruling class or nobility OLIGARCHY: A govt.: all power is given to a few persons; govt. by the few. CONSTITUTION: basic principles which a nation or state is governed. MERCENARIES: a professional soldier hired to serve in a foreign army. Totalitarian: centralized govt.: doesnt tolerate parties of differing opinion & has dictator control over aspects of life.

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Greek Inventions Dice. The crane. Original Olympiads BBC - Schools - Ancient Greece Olympics

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Greek Architecture Invented arches & columns. Took advanced mathematics.

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Greek Military Catapult Throw 300 pound stones Hoplite: Infantry soldier. Middle-class freemen: paid for own weapon & shield. Phalanx: Soldiers in a tight box. They each have a large shield and a 9 foot long spear.

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Religion = polytheistic. What is the location of this picture? Name some Greek gods.

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Citizenship Born outside Greece = ????? Citizens could: Vote Fight in Army Hold office Speak for themselves in court

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ATHENS Solon (statesman & lawmaker) set up 1 st Athenian Constitution Citizenship was offered to everyone CCitizen at 18yrs. 5508bc 1 st democratic govt. setup

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Athenian Democracy Direct democracy: where the people do not elect representatives to vote on their behalf, but vote on legislation and executive bills in their own right. Cleisthenes: a noble Athenian. Credited with reforming the constitution of ancient Athens and setting it on a democratic footing. For these accomplishments, historians refer to him as "the father of Athenian democracy."

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Political: Athens was the first democracy. Democracy: government where people vote. Athens: direct democracy where people vote on everything. The U.S.: representative democracy we vote for people to make decisions for us.

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Direct participation was the key to Athenian democracy. In the Assembly, every male citizen was: -Able to attend -Debate -Offer amendments -Vote for war or peace All male citizens were allowed to participate in govt decisions.

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Athenians Tough, but engage in activities like: art philosophy music

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Political terms All of Greece not a democracy. Most of Greece was a monarchy: king / queen. King Minos of Crete

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Sparta Sparta isolated from Athens Why? How? culturally & politically Sparta oligarchy: Ruled by a few They had 2 kings

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Sparta - greatest military power in Greece Obsessed with war. Only goal: Military Strength Boys military school at young age. In army from 7-60 yrs. Boys: born deformed left to die on mountainside Sparta Helots (slaves) farmed At the height of its power (400 BC) the Greek city of Sparta had 500,000 slaves and only 25,000 citizens.

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SPA Scholars- to know is power Pericles prominent & influential statesman & orator in Athens. Promoted the arts & lit. Socrates was a Greek philosopher. Socrates - Encyclopedia channel Socrates - Encyclopedia channel - Taught by asking questions

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Plato & Aristotle Plato Founder of the Academy the 1 st institution of higher learning. Helped lay the foundations of natural philosophy & science. Plato - Encyclopedia channel Aristotle student of Plato & teacher of Alexander the Great. Wrote on many subjects, including: Physics, biology & zoology Poetry, theater, music Logic & rhetoric Politics & govt.

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People of Greece Homer legendary epic poet author: The Iliad: recounted the final year of the Trojan War. Tells of the battle of Achilles vs. King Agamemnon. The Odyssey: centers on hero Odysseus & his long journey home following the fall of Troy.

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The Trojan War A quarrel b/w goddesses Athena, Hera & Aphrodite, after Eris, gave them a golden apple. Zeus sent goddesses to Paris - judged Aphrodite as "fairest = received apple. In exchange, Aphrodite made Helen "the face that launched a thousand ships, the most beautiful of all women and wife of Menelaus, fall in love w/Paris, who took her to Troy. Against the city of Troy b/c Paris of Troy stole Helen from her husband Menelaus, the king of Sparta. Many heroes died and the city fell to the ruse of the Trojan Horse. The war is 1 of the most important events in Greek mythology.

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Persian War!!! Battle of Thermopylae 300 Spartans & 7000 other Greeks (who retreated) leaving only 300 Spartans-led by King Leonidas of Sparta, resisted a much larger Persian forces, but were ultimately defeated. Persians broke Spartan phalanx after a Greek called Ephialtes betrayed his country; told the Persians of another pass around the mountains. After Thermopylae, Athens was captured and the Athenians and Spartans were driven back to their last line of defense 490bc the word Nike (goddess of victory) 1st used upon defeat of the Persians

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Delian League Athenian alliance After Persian Wars: military organization directed to defend the Greeks against enemies, but used by Pericles to make an Athenian empire. The Spartans launched the Peloponnesian War to force the Athenians to give up the Delian League.

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DECLINE OF THE CITY-STATES Post Peloponnesian War, Greeks lost sense of community. Only wanted to make $$$$ Sparta ruled all of Greece now City-States were weakened Greece finally conquered by Phillip II of Macedonia. Phillip unifies all of Greece for the 1 st time.

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To be a great leader is to know when to follow Philip II of Macedon Wanted to Unite all of Greece Father of Alexander the Great. Alexander the Great, was an Ancient Greek king of Macedon.

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Alexander the Great From Macedonia. Territory north of Greece Which means he is not actually what? Favorite book: Homer s Iliad Why would Alex like the Iliad? Brilliant military strategist.

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Alexander conquered: - Persian/Egyptian/Sumerian/Indian empire. Controlled largest empire the world has ever seen. Alexander spread culture: Hellenism (fancy word for Greek)

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