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Ancient Greece
• 3 Themes• Individualism, Heroism,
Rationalism
• 3 Philosophers• Socrates, Plato Aristotle
Announcements
• Welcome to our first “virtual” class!• Please print/download/view either the PDF or the
PPT slides to accompany the audio portion of the lecture (MP3). The lecture is about 40 minutes long, and there are about 12-14 slides.
• We may have a brief pop quiz on Tue, Feb.19 on this lecture and on the movie you saw on Wed.
Legacy of Greece (Classroom summary)
• Language• Fraternity names; beta
version; Alpha Omega watches
• Mathematics• Pythagorean theorem;
Euclid’s geometry
• Architecture• Neo-classical; columns
• Drama• Tragedy & Comedy;
Oedipus Rex, Aristophanes, Sophocles
• Epic literature• Iliad, Odyssey
• Astronomy• Zodiac signs
• Democracy• Assembly; citizens;
referendum; ostracism
• Athletics• Olympics; heptathlon; 26.2
miles
• Cuisine• Spanakopita; baklava;
gyros
• Philosophy• Plato, Aristotle, rational
Vocabulary to Know
• Polis• Phalanx• Oligarchy• Agora• Hoplite• Philosophy• Acropolis• Helot• Tyrant• ostracism
mkatz.web.wesleyan.edu/.../greek_numerals.html
3 Themes in Classical Greece
• Public Life:– Agora; Assembly; Chorus; Male Space
• Rationalism– Emphasis upon logic, balance– Aristotle and scientific analysis; Thucydides and
historical analysis;
• Individualism/Heroism– Homeric heroes; geographic determinism; Sophocles
on individual vs. community
Philosophy
• Rational > spiritual• Natural science and
humankind = focus• Socratic, Platonist,
Aristotelian, Epicurean, Hedonist, Cynic, Stoic, etc.
Philosophy in Ancient Greece
• Abstract > divine explanations
• Archaic (natural) vs. Classical (human)
• Philosopher = one who seeks knowledge; scholar, thinker– “philo” = strong attraction to
something (e.g., philharmonic, bibliophile)
– “sophia” = knowledge (e.g., sophomore, sophisticated)
Socrates (469-399 BC)
• “Socratic method” of teaching
• Gadfly• Teacher of Plato &
other young men• Poisoned by hemlock
Plato (427-348 BC)
• Ideal > real; “forms”• The Republic = utopia
– Communal property– No nuclear family– Guardians =
philosophers
• “platonic relationships”
• The Academy• Aristotle’s teacher
Aristotle (384-322 BC)
• Systematic thinker in range of fields
• Physics, metaphysics, biology, botany, zoology, rhetoric, politics, logic, music, astronomy, chemistry, geology…
• Analytical, empirical• Favors hierarchy & function• Tutor of Alexander the Great• Founder of Lyceum• Influences Aquinas, Dante,
Machiavelli, Copernicus, Galileo, John Locke, et al.
• Still relevant today….
“School of Athens”
Plato & Aristotle
Socrates w/ Xenophon & Alcibiades
Heraclitus/Michelangelo