Ancient EgyptAncient EgyptMs. McKinneyMs. McKinneyMs. McKinneyMs. McKinney

FSMSFSMSFSMSFSMS2010201020102010

IntroductionMore than five More than five More than five More than five thousand years thousand years thousand years thousand years ago, people living ago, people living ago, people living ago, people living along the banks of along the banks of along the banks of along the banks of the the the the Nile River Nile River Nile River Nile River built built built built a rich and powerful a rich and powerful a rich and powerful a rich and powerful

kingdom.kingdom.kingdom.kingdom.a rich and powerful a rich and powerful a rich and powerful a rich and powerful

kingdom.kingdom.kingdom.kingdom.

This kingdom, This kingdom, This kingdom, This kingdom, known as Ancient known as Ancient known as Ancient known as Ancient Egypt. Lasted Egypt. Lasted Egypt. Lasted Egypt. Lasted

thousands of years.thousands of years.thousands of years.thousands of years.

Gods and goddessesIn ancient Egypt, In ancient Egypt, In ancient Egypt, In ancient Egypt,

people worshiped people worshiped people worshiped people worshiped hundreds of gods hundreds of gods hundreds of gods hundreds of gods and goddesses. and goddesses. and goddesses. and goddesses.

They believed that They believed that They believed that They believed that They believed that They believed that They believed that They believed that their gods created their gods created their gods created their gods created the world and looked the world and looked the world and looked the world and looked

after it. Many after it. Many after it. Many after it. Many Egyptian gods are Egyptian gods are Egyptian gods are Egyptian gods are shown with animal shown with animal shown with animal shown with animal

headsheadsheadsheads

Pharaoh The king of Egypt was The king of Egypt was The king of Egypt was The king of Egypt was called the called the called the called the Pharaoh. Pharaoh. Pharaoh. Pharaoh. As the most powerful As the most powerful As the most powerful As the most powerful person in the whole person in the whole person in the whole person in the whole

country, he was in charge country, he was in charge country, he was in charge country, he was in charge of all the land and all the of all the land and all the of all the land and all the of all the land and all the

people.people.people.people.People thought the People thought the People thought the People thought the People thought the People thought the People thought the People thought the

Pharaoh was a living god. Pharaoh was a living god. Pharaoh was a living god. Pharaoh was a living god. They came from all over They came from all over They came from all over They came from all over Egypt to ask him to Egypt to ask him to Egypt to ask him to Egypt to ask him to

solve their problems and solve their problems and solve their problems and solve their problems and settle their arguments. settle their arguments. settle their arguments. settle their arguments. On special occasions, On special occasions, On special occasions, On special occasions, the Pharaoh wore a the Pharaoh wore a the Pharaoh wore a the Pharaoh wore a

crown and a false beard.crown and a false beard.crown and a false beard.crown and a false beard.1369-1332 BC: Amenhotep IV - Akhenaten

Ancient Ancient Ancient Ancient EgyptEgyptEgyptEgyptEgyptEgyptEgyptEgyptProfiles and PaintingsProfiles and PaintingsProfiles and PaintingsProfiles and Paintings

Profiles and PaintingsEgyptian artists had to follow rigid rules Egyptian artists had to follow rigid rules Egyptian artists had to follow rigid rules Egyptian artists had to follow rigid rules

about certain things. about certain things. about certain things. about certain things.

There There There There is a code, or a set of rules for is a code, or a set of rules for is a code, or a set of rules for is a code, or a set of rules for producing the artwork. producing the artwork. producing the artwork. producing the artwork.

There There There There is a code, or a set of rules for is a code, or a set of rules for is a code, or a set of rules for is a code, or a set of rules for producing the artwork. producing the artwork. producing the artwork. producing the artwork.

The The The The style is called style is called style is called style is called frontalismfrontalismfrontalismfrontalism. . . .

In In In In reliefs or paintings, reliefs or paintings, reliefs or paintings, reliefs or paintings, frontalismfrontalismfrontalismfrontalism means that means that means that means that the head of the character is always drawn the head of the character is always drawn the head of the character is always drawn the head of the character is always drawn

in profile.in profile.in profile.in profile.

Profiles and Paintings• In all Egyptian wall paintings, the eye faced out In all Egyptian wall paintings, the eye faced out In all Egyptian wall paintings, the eye faced out In all Egyptian wall paintings, the eye faced out to the viewer. to the viewer. to the viewer. to the viewer.

• Egyptians painted all body parts in the most Egyptians painted all body parts in the most Egyptians painted all body parts in the most Egyptians painted all body parts in the most easily and quickly recognizable position.easily and quickly recognizable position.easily and quickly recognizable position.easily and quickly recognizable position.

• Although the face is drawn in profile, the eye is Although the face is drawn in profile, the eye is Although the face is drawn in profile, the eye is Although the face is drawn in profile, the eye is drawn from the front.drawn from the front.drawn from the front.drawn from the front.Although the face is drawn in profile, the eye is Although the face is drawn in profile, the eye is Although the face is drawn in profile, the eye is Although the face is drawn in profile, the eye is drawn from the front.drawn from the front.drawn from the front.drawn from the front.

• The upper body is seen from the front. The upper body is seen from the front. The upper body is seen from the front. The upper body is seen from the front. • The legs are turned to the same side as the head, The legs are turned to the same side as the head, The legs are turned to the same side as the head, The legs are turned to the same side as the head, with one foot placed in front of the other. with one foot placed in front of the other. with one foot placed in front of the other. with one foot placed in front of the other.

• Every figure, in paintings or sculptures, stands or Every figure, in paintings or sculptures, stands or Every figure, in paintings or sculptures, stands or Every figure, in paintings or sculptures, stands or sits with a formal, stiff, and rigid posture.sits with a formal, stiff, and rigid posture.sits with a formal, stiff, and rigid posture.sits with a formal, stiff, and rigid posture.

Profiles and PaintingsThis is an Egyptian This is an Egyptian This is an Egyptian This is an Egyptian tomb painting tomb painting tomb painting tomb painting depicting a group of men carrying depicting a group of men carrying depicting a group of men carrying depicting a group of men carrying

things to be placed in the tomb. things to be placed in the tomb. things to be placed in the tomb. things to be placed in the tomb. Egyptian Egyptian Egyptian Egyptian tomb painting is tomb painting is tomb painting is tomb painting is narrativenarrativenarrativenarrative, it tells stories., it tells stories., it tells stories., it tells stories.

CartoucheCartoucheCartoucheCartouche• Indicates that the text Indicates that the text Indicates that the text Indicates that the text enclosed is a royal nameenclosed is a royal nameenclosed is a royal nameenclosed is a royal name

•Believed that you had to Believed that you had to Believed that you had to Believed that you had to have your name written have your name written have your name written have your name written down somewhere, so that down somewhere, so that down somewhere, so that down somewhere, so that you would not disappear you would not disappear you would not disappear you would not disappear down somewhere, so that down somewhere, so that down somewhere, so that down somewhere, so that you would not disappear you would not disappear you would not disappear you would not disappear when you died. when you died. when you died. when you died.

•By attaching a By attaching a By attaching a By attaching a cartouche to their cartouche to their cartouche to their cartouche to their sarcophagus, people sarcophagus, people sarcophagus, people sarcophagus, people made sure their name was made sure their name was made sure their name was made sure their name was written down in one place written down in one place written down in one place written down in one place at least!at least!at least!at least!

Egyptian ProfilesMost figures in Egyptian wall paintings who wear jewelry wear Most figures in Egyptian wall paintings who wear jewelry wear Most figures in Egyptian wall paintings who wear jewelry wear Most figures in Egyptian wall paintings who wear jewelry wear

necklaces reflecting the society's worship of the sun. necklaces reflecting the society's worship of the sun. necklaces reflecting the society's worship of the sun. necklaces reflecting the society's worship of the sun. If If If If taken off and laid flat, the beads and other decorations on these taken off and laid flat, the beads and other decorations on these taken off and laid flat, the beads and other decorations on these taken off and laid flat, the beads and other decorations on these

pieces radiate out from the central hole like rays of the sun.pieces radiate out from the central hole like rays of the sun.pieces radiate out from the central hole like rays of the sun.pieces radiate out from the central hole like rays of the sun.

Egyptian SelfEgyptian SelfEgyptian SelfEgyptian Self----Portrait Portrait Portrait Portrait ProfileProfileProfileProfile

• Decoration in Egyptian Decoration in Egyptian Decoration in Egyptian Decoration in Egyptian dress was mostly in dress was mostly in dress was mostly in dress was mostly in thethethethecollarcollarcollarcollar....

• The patterns used were The patterns used were The patterns used were The patterns used were made with either beads, made with either beads, made with either beads, made with either beads, jewels, embroidery or jewels, embroidery or jewels, embroidery or jewels, embroidery or painted leather pieces.painted leather pieces.painted leather pieces.painted leather pieces.

• A favorite Egyptian motifs A favorite Egyptian motifs A favorite Egyptian motifs A favorite Egyptian motifs was the was the was the was the Lotus flowerLotus flowerLotus flowerLotus flower....

Your project:Your project:Your project:Your project:

was the was the was the was the Lotus flowerLotus flowerLotus flowerLotus flower....• The Egyptian artist had at The Egyptian artist had at The Egyptian artist had at The Egyptian artist had at

his disposal his disposal his disposal his disposal six colorssix colorssix colorssix colors--------red, red, red, red, yellow, blue, green, black yellow, blue, green, black yellow, blue, green, black yellow, blue, green, black and white.and white.and white.and white.

• In much Egyptian art, In much Egyptian art, In much Egyptian art, In much Egyptian art, females were painted using females were painted using females were painted using females were painted using an ocher an ocher an ocher an ocher (yellowish) color. (yellowish) color. (yellowish) color. (yellowish) color. Males were depicted in a Males were depicted in a Males were depicted in a Males were depicted in a reddish brown reddish brown reddish brown reddish brown color.color.color.color.Student work by 5th graders at West Elementary School

Jefferson City, Missouri

Ancient EgyptAncient EgyptAncient EgyptAncient EgyptAncient EgyptAncient EgyptAncient EgyptAncient EgyptArchitecture and SculptureArchitecture and SculptureArchitecture and SculptureArchitecture and Sculpture

Architecture and SculptureWhen the first Egyptian Pharaohs died, their mummies When the first Egyptian Pharaohs died, their mummies When the first Egyptian Pharaohs died, their mummies When the first Egyptian Pharaohs died, their mummies were placed inside pyramids, which were gigantic stone were placed inside pyramids, which were gigantic stone were placed inside pyramids, which were gigantic stone were placed inside pyramids, which were gigantic stone

tombs with sloping sides. Some pyramids are still standing!tombs with sloping sides. Some pyramids are still standing!tombs with sloping sides. Some pyramids are still standing!tombs with sloping sides. Some pyramids are still standing!

http://video.nationalgeographic.com/video/player/news/history-archaeology-news/egypt-fossils-wcvin.html

Architecture and Sculpture

The Pharaohs were buried with magnificent treasures to take The Pharaohs were buried with magnificent treasures to take The Pharaohs were buried with magnificent treasures to take The Pharaohs were buried with magnificent treasures to take with them into the next world, but tomb robbers broke into many with them into the next world, but tomb robbers broke into many with them into the next world, but tomb robbers broke into many with them into the next world, but tomb robbers broke into many

of the pyramids and stole the treasures!of the pyramids and stole the treasures!of the pyramids and stole the treasures!of the pyramids and stole the treasures!

Architecture and SculptureA Sphinx is half A Sphinx is half A Sphinx is half A Sphinx is half man half lion.man half lion.man half lion.man half lion.

The role of a The role of a The role of a The role of a sphinx was to sphinx was to sphinx was to sphinx was to guard the temple guard the temple guard the temple guard the temple sphinx was to sphinx was to sphinx was to sphinx was to guard the temple guard the temple guard the temple guard the temple or burial sites.or burial sites.or burial sites.or burial sites.

Sphinxes are Sphinxes are Sphinxes are Sphinxes are found all over the found all over the found all over the found all over the world not just in world not just in world not just in world not just in Ancient Egypt.Ancient Egypt.Ancient Egypt.Ancient Egypt.

Architecture and Sculpture

•Obelisks were Obelisks were Obelisks were Obelisks were prominent in the prominent in the prominent in the prominent in the architecture of the architecture of the architecture of the architecture of the ancient Egyptians, who ancient Egyptians, who ancient Egyptians, who ancient Egyptians, who placed them in pairs at placed them in pairs at placed them in pairs at placed them in pairs at the entrance of temples.the entrance of temples.the entrance of temples.the entrance of temples.•The obelisk symbolized The obelisk symbolized The obelisk symbolized The obelisk symbolized the entrance of temples.the entrance of temples.the entrance of temples.the entrance of temples.•The obelisk symbolized The obelisk symbolized The obelisk symbolized The obelisk symbolized the sun god Ra, was said the sun god Ra, was said the sun god Ra, was said the sun god Ra, was said to be a petrified (turned to be a petrified (turned to be a petrified (turned to be a petrified (turned into stone) ray of the into stone) ray of the into stone) ray of the into stone) ray of the sun sun sun sun • It was also thought that It was also thought that It was also thought that It was also thought that the god existed within the god existed within the god existed within the god existed within the structure.the structure.the structure.the structure.

Ancient EgyptAncient EgyptAncient EgyptAncient EgyptMummies

The MummyA mummy is a dead body A mummy is a dead body A mummy is a dead body A mummy is a dead body

that has been embalmed and that has been embalmed and that has been embalmed and that has been embalmed and wrapped in bandages to wrapped in bandages to wrapped in bandages to wrapped in bandages to

preserve it for thousands of preserve it for thousands of preserve it for thousands of preserve it for thousands of years. years. years. years.

The Egyptians believed The Egyptians believed The Egyptians believed The Egyptians believed that dead people went to live that dead people went to live that dead people went to live that dead people went to live

The Egyptians believed The Egyptians believed The Egyptians believed The Egyptians believed that dead people went to live that dead people went to live that dead people went to live that dead people went to live in another world, where the in another world, where the in another world, where the in another world, where the Ka, or spirit, would need a Ka, or spirit, would need a Ka, or spirit, would need a Ka, or spirit, would need a

body to live in for all eternity. body to live in for all eternity. body to live in for all eternity. body to live in for all eternity.

To keep dead bodies To keep dead bodies To keep dead bodies To keep dead bodies from rotting, the Egyptians from rotting, the Egyptians from rotting, the Egyptians from rotting, the Egyptians made them into mummies.made them into mummies.made them into mummies.made them into mummies.

The Mummy•To make a mummy the dead To make a mummy the dead To make a mummy the dead To make a mummy the dead body was first washed in brine.body was first washed in brine.body was first washed in brine.body was first washed in brine.•The brain was pulled out The brain was pulled out The brain was pulled out The brain was pulled out through the nose!through the nose!through the nose!through the nose!•They put the insides (lungs, They put the insides (lungs, They put the insides (lungs, They put the insides (lungs, liver, stomach, and intestines) liver, stomach, and intestines) liver, stomach, and intestines) liver, stomach, and intestines) into four jars called into four jars called into four jars called into four jars called CanopicCanopicCanopicCanopicjars.jars.jars.jars.•The purpose of a The purpose of a The purpose of a The purpose of a CanopicCanopicCanopicCanopic jar jar jar jar •The purpose of a The purpose of a The purpose of a The purpose of a CanopicCanopicCanopicCanopic jar jar jar jar is function because it holds the is function because it holds the is function because it holds the is function because it holds the organs of the mummy.organs of the mummy.organs of the mummy.organs of the mummy.•The body was stuffed with The body was stuffed with The body was stuffed with The body was stuffed with sawdust or rags and herbssawdust or rags and herbssawdust or rags and herbssawdust or rags and herbs•They rubbed the body with oil They rubbed the body with oil They rubbed the body with oil They rubbed the body with oil and wrapped it in bandages and wrapped it in bandages and wrapped it in bandages and wrapped it in bandages made of linen.made of linen.made of linen.made of linen.•When the mummy was place in When the mummy was place in When the mummy was place in When the mummy was place in its coffin, piles of salt were its coffin, piles of salt were its coffin, piles of salt were its coffin, piles of salt were packed around the body to dry packed around the body to dry packed around the body to dry packed around the body to dry it outit outit outit out

The

Canopic

Jars had

the heads

of Horus,

god of the

sky, four

sons.

Sarcophagus•Often gold masks Often gold masks Often gold masks Often gold masks covered the mummy’s covered the mummy’s covered the mummy’s covered the mummy’s face.face.face.face.•Some mummies were Some mummies were Some mummies were Some mummies were placed into sarcophagi, placed into sarcophagi, placed into sarcophagi, placed into sarcophagi, stone coffins, decorated stone coffins, decorated stone coffins, decorated stone coffins, decorated with gold and precious with gold and precious with gold and precious with gold and precious stone coffins, decorated stone coffins, decorated stone coffins, decorated stone coffins, decorated with gold and precious with gold and precious with gold and precious with gold and precious gems.gems.gems.gems.•These sarcophagi These sarcophagi These sarcophagi These sarcophagi looked like the person looked like the person looked like the person looked like the person that was inside of them.that was inside of them.that was inside of them.that was inside of them.•The main purpose of a The main purpose of a The main purpose of a The main purpose of a sarcophagus is sarcophagus is sarcophagus is sarcophagus is functional because it is functional because it is functional because it is functional because it is used to hold a body.used to hold a body.used to hold a body.used to hold a body.