MATERIAL CULTURE

1)Primitive mode of dressing-they wore leaves, barks of trees or animal skin. Later on, they learned the art of weaving. They wove clothes and made use of the sap of trees and leaves to dye them.•Male wore sleeves and collarless garment known as KANGAN and the BAHAG for their lower garment.•Putong-headband

The women wore BARO as upper garmentAnd SAYA as lower garment. They also woreBracelets and necklaces as ornaments.Others put tattoos on their bodies.

Visayans were known as pintados becauseOf the tattoos they had in their bodies.

The pintados (painted ones), inhabitants of the Visayan islands as described by the first Spaniards to set eyes upon them, would use sharp metal instruments previously heated over fire.

The Kankanaey from Benguet used a small piece of wood called gisi, to which three iron points were attached. The Ifugao had an instrument made entirely of iron, with two or three points. The Kalinga would use five needles at the same time. The Isneg from Apayao had a very different and far more elaborate instrument, which they called igihisi, fashioned from a carved piece of rattan. At one end, four or five pins were attached. A string then connected the cen tral part of the instrument to both ends. During the actual procedure, the designer would continuously beat the igihisi in order to push the pins deeper into the skin

PINTADOS

2) Shelter of the Early Filipinosa) near the riverb) cavesc) top of trees

d) boats-bangkang-bahay (in Sulu)

3) Tools and weapons a) bow and arrow b) knife c) spear d) ax-made of stone, wood, and clay. e) carved and polished stones to create chairs. f) used shells and crystals as ornaments for the body.

Later on they learned the use of metals like gold and iron. g) bamboos for storing and transporting water. The shell of the coconuts were used for drinking and as ladles.

Shoe maker old tools

4) FOOD- rice, root crops like camote, ube, gabi, and many more.

They eat meat and seafood like fish, crabs, and shells.

They also eat vegetables and fruits.They cooked using bamboo and clay pot.

They also grilled their food.Banana leaves served as their plates.

NONMATERIAL CULTURE

1)Music- they composed songs related to their daily lives. a) Uyayi- lullabye for the babies b) talindaw- sung to court ladies c) ihiman-sang during weddings d) Kumintang- sang during tribal battles or wars

EXAMPLE: BAHAY-KUBOMANANG BIDAY LERON-LERON SINTAATIN CU PONG SINGSING

Musical instruments of the early Filipinos

GovernmentBarangay-comes from the word balangay, the name of the boat used by Malays in coming to the Philippines.-The barangay was composed of 30 up to 100 families. The leader was the datu.

Council of elders-helped the datu in creating laws.The laws were announced to the people by the UMALAHOKAN.

The power of the datu was inherited by his son. If the datu had no son, a new datu would be chosen. The chosen datu should be wise, strong, and wealthy.

ReligionThe early Filipino had pagan beliefs. They

worshipped nature, deities and gods. Batala or Bathala is the most powerful God of the ancient Filipinos. Early Filipinos believe that Bathala is the creator an savior of the world.

They also believe in diwatas.Gods and goddesses:Magwayen-dead person to the other worldSidapa- god of deathIkapati-goddess of natureDion nMasalanta-goddess of loveAgni-god of fireMandarangan-god of war

Ancient indigenous beliefs

Animism, is the term used to describe the indigenous spiritual traditions practiced in the Philippines during pre-colonial times. Today, a handful of the indigenous tribes continue to practice it. The traditions are a collection of beliefs and cultural mores anchored more or less in the idea that the world is inhabited by spirits and supernatural entities, both good and bad, and that respect be accorded to them through nature worship. These spirits all around nature are known as "diwatas", showing cultural relationship with Hinduism (Devatas).

Some worship specific deities, such as the Tagalog supreme deity, Bathala, and his children Adlaw, Mayari, and Tala, or the Visayan deity Kan-Laon; while others practice Ancestor worship (anitos). Variations of animistic practices occur in different ethnic groups. Magic, chants and prayers are often key features. Its practitioners were highly respected[citation needed] (and some feared) in the community, as they were healers, midwives (hilot), shamans, witches and warlocks (mangkukulam), priests/priestesses (babaylan/katalonan), tribal historians and wizened elders that provided the spiritual and traditional life of the community. In the Visayan regions, there is a belief in the existence of witchcraft or barang and mythical creatures such as the "aswang", "balay sa dwendi" and "Bakonawa", despite the existence of the Christian and Islamic faiths.

LiteraturePre-colonial inhabitants of our islands showcase a rich past through their folk speeches, folk songs, folk narratives and indigenous rituals and mimetic dances that affirm our ties with our Southeast Asian neighbors.        The most seminal of these folk speeches is the riddle which is tigmo in Cebuano, bugtong in Tagalog, paktakon in Ilongo and patototdon in Bicol. Central to the riddle is the talinghaga or metaphor because it "reveals subtle resemblances between two unlike objects" and one's power of observation and wit are put to the test.

 The proverbs or aphorisms express norms or codes of behavior, community beliefs or they instill values by offering nuggets of wisdom in short, rhyming verse.

       The extended form, tanaga, a mono-riming heptasyllabic quatrain expressing insights and lessons on life is "more emotionally charged than the terse proverb and thus has affinities with the folk lyric." Some examples are the basahanon or extended didactic sayings from Bukidnon and the daraida and daragilon from Panay.

 A few examples are the lullabyes or Ili-ili (Ilongo); love songs like the panawagon and balitao (Ilongo); harana or serenade (Cebuano); the bayok (Maranao); the seven-syllable per line poem, ambahan of the Mangyans that are about human relationships, social entertainment and also serve as a tool for teaching the young; work songs that depict the livelihood of the people often sung to go with the movement of workers such as the kalusan (Ivatan), soliranin (Tagalog rowing song) or the mambayu, a Kalinga rice-pounding song; the verbal jousts/games like the duplo popular during wakes.       Other folk songs are the drinking songs sung during carousals like the tagay (Cebuano and Waray); dirges and lamentations extolling the deeds of the dead like the kanogon (Cebuano) or the Annako (Bontoc).

The epics come in various names: Guman (Subanon); Darangen (Maranao); Hudhud (Ifugao); and Ulahingan (Manobo). These epics revolve around supernatural events or heroic deeds and they embody or validate the beliefs and customs and ideals of a community. These are sung or chanted to the accompaniment of indigenous musical instruments and dancing performed during harvests, weddings or funerals by chanters. The chanters who were taught by their ancestors are considered "treasures" and/or repositories of wisdom in their communities.       Examples of these epics are the Lam-ang (Ilocano); Hinilawod (Sulod); Kudaman (Palawan); Darangen (Maranao); Ulahingan (Livunganen-Arumanen Manobo); Mangovayt Buhong na Langit (The Maiden of the Buhong Sky from Tuwaang--Manobo); Ag Tobig neg Keboklagan (Subanon); and Tudbulol (T'boli).

Samples of Philippine epic poetryIgorot epic poetryThe [[Igorot]] tribe has an epic hero named Torogi (Giroto) Torogi was a brave and strong warrior with various powers. In one story, he rode a lightning bolt to the land of Kiyangan and later, met the maiden of the Aerie Hiyan, a very beautiful maiden that cannot be described because of her very beautiful appearance, she was running away from the young man of Kalinga: A giant with great vigor and power. Torogi and the giant fought but it was an even match. So the giant used his magical powers and threw a Lightning and a Fireball at the hero. Mindanao.

Entwining itself at Torogi, our hero used his own magical ability to call the water and the wind to repel the Giant's attack and called Angin with a specialty magic ability of Wind. Angin nearly died because when the Giant attacked Angin like a Tsunami but instead of water it is fire. Torogi saved Angin, and killed the Giant with his bare hands. Many years have passed, Torogi died from a Dragon that they call, the monsters god, but he also killed the Dragon with his magical power the Fire.

When Torogi died, Angin fought the monsters and Giants that destroyed the Bauko when Torogi died. He succeeded to defeat his enemies and many of the monsters ran away and went to destroy other places like La-Union but they also failed because of the other heroes like Lam-ang that killed the one eyed Hydra and the heroes of Ibalon that defeated the Giant that can make humans rock and Bantugan the Hero from

Arts and Science

Education-ALIBATA

In pre-Spanish times, education was informal, unstructured, and devoid of methods. Children were provided more vocational training and less academics (3 Rs) by their parents and in the houses of tribal tutors.

Alibata

PEARL NECKLACE OF THE KALINGA WOMEN

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Philippines

http://www.koleksyon.com/filipinoheritage/costumes/pintados2.asp

http://images.google.com.ph/images?

http://www.seasite.niu.edu/Tagalog/Literature/literary_forms_in_philippine_lit.htm

Manuel Luis Quezon

With Pres. Roosevelt

Babtism of Aurora

Igorot epic poetryThe [[Igorot]] tribe has an epic hero named Torogi (Giroto) Torogi was a brave and strong warrior with various powers. In one story, he rode a lightning bolt to the land of Kiyangan and later, met the maiden of the Aerie Hiyan, a very beautiful maiden that cannot be described because of her very beautiful appearance, she was running away from the young man of Kalinga: A giant with great vigor and power. Torogi and the giant fought but it was an even match. So the giant used his magical powers and threw a Lightning and a Fireball at the hero. Entwining itself at Torogi, our hero used his own magical ability to call the water and the wind to repel the Giant's attack and called Angin with a specialty magic ability of Wind. Angin nearly died because when the Giant attacked Angin like a Tsunami but instead of water it is fire. Torogi saved Angin, and killed the Giant with his bare hands. Many years have passed, Torogi died from a Dragon that they call, the monsters god, but he also killed the Dragon with his magical power the Fire. When Torogi died, Angin fought the monsters and Giants that destroyed the Bauko when Torogi died. He succeeded to defeat his enemies and many of the monsters ran away and went to destroy other places like La-Union but they also failed because of the other heroes like Lam-ang that killed the one eyed Hydra and the heroes of Ibalon that defeated the Giant that can make humans rock and Bantugan the Hero from Mindanao