Ancient cults as patrons of seafaring and seafarers in Istria (Vesna Girardijurkic, 2012) Histria Antiqua, 21/2012

8/9/2019 Ancient cults as patrons of seafaring and seafarers in Istria (Vesna Girardijurkic, 2012) Histria Antiqua, 21/2012

1/24

129

Vena Girardi Jurkić - Ancien cul a paron of... (129-152) Hiria Aniqua, 21/2012

UDK 291.21:656.61>(497.5-3 Ira)”652”Original cienific paperReceived: 16.07.2012.Aproved: 23.08.2012.

I n hi pape, he auho undeline ha eigaphic maeial and monumen menioning ancien cul a paon of eafaing and eafae in Iia – hic would corepond o numeou coasal etleen and po, ia and land-ing place – ae cace. I i aumed ha he upee Roman ea deiy Neune a wohiped in he eple on hecapiolium in Poeč, and in he eidenial maiime ia complex on he Bijuni Iland (he ia: Ma, Neune, Venu). Indiec evidence of he wohip of a coasal own’ paon ae deicion in elief of a goup of oienal, Geek and Romandeiie in he Pula foum (Jupie Amon, Acelou, ion, he Neeid, Medua). Tey belong o he failia eeoieof cul decoaion of maiime own on he Adiaic coas (Salona, Zaa, iese, Aquileia). Ineeingly, elief deicionof Acelou and he Neeid can alo be found in he ma and lage Roman heae in Pula. A culpue eeening oneof he Diocui, he moal Caso wih a hoe, ha alo been found in Pula. Regale of he abence of ma oie bonze uine fom home hine, wo bonze uine of Ii Founa wih a ude, dicoveed in Saudija and Loon, eify ohe eneaion of hi cul in Roman ia on he esen coas of Iia. Deicion of he ea go Glaucu on a ge foundin he necopoli of Bula nea Medulin ino he eeoie of cul poecion of heen and eafaing. Te pape aloconain a caaloue of cul monumen.

Key words: Iria, paron of eafaring, Nepune, Jupier Ammon, Achelou, rion, he Nereid, Medua, Glaucu.

ANCIENT CULTS AS PATRONS OFSEAFARING AND SEAFARERS IN ISTRIA

Vena GIRARDI JURKIĆ

Te Irian peninula i immered in he norhAdriaic bain. Tree Roman colonie on i wesern

coa (egese, Paenium, Pola), municipium (Neac-ium, Albona, Flanona) and numerou reidenial vil-la (Vižula, Brijuni, Barbariga, Booja, ec.), poteryworkhop and fih proceing faciliie (Anenal, ar, Vabriga, Loron, Červar, Sorna, Barbariga, Fažana, Val- bandon ec.), are al poenial archaeological ie, inwhich monumen repreening deiie and myhologi-cal paron of he ea and running waer ( Ninu ., Aia .) could be expeced o be found. Nonehele,exploraion o dae ha no revealed a large number of

epigraph and monumen in Iria which would in-dicae ha ancien cul played he role of paron of

eafaring and eafarer, and hu corepond o numer-ou Roman mariime etlemen and por, vila andlanding place.

One of he upreme Roman deiie, Nepune ( Ne-unu), Roman god of he ea, analogou o Greek Po-eidon, wa originaly he god of he waer, and Ro-man made offering o molify him o ha he would preven ource and river drying up. In he 5h cenuryBC, amid worhip and ceremonie, Nepune wa elevaed o a ea god, a he ime when Rome, which wa


2/24

130

Hiria Aniqua, 21/2012 Vena Girardi Jurkić - Anien ul a paron o... (129-152)

1 AMOROSO, 1908, 191-204; PO-GATSCHNIG, 1914; POGATSCHNIG,1926, 1-38; BALDINI, 1997, 51-212; JURKIĆ GIRARDI, 2005, 107-109.2 MIRABELLA ROBERTI, 1949, 271ff; POGATSCHNIG, 1926, 10.1; ŠONJE,1966, 387-404.3 JURKIĆ GIRARDI 1978, 101-104.

4 JURKIĆ GIRARDI, 2005, 107-109.5 DEGRASSI, 1934, no. 3.6 MLAKAR, 1971; JURKIĆ GIRARDI,1981, 77-106; JURKIĆ GIRARDI, 1998,24; BEGOVIĆ-SCHRUNK, 2006, 62-68.7 BEGOVIĆ DVORŽAK-SCHRUNK,2005, 195-198; BEGOVIĆ-SCHRUNK,2006; 62-68.8 GNIRS, 1904, 135-136.

age , and expreed he need o resore Nepune’ emple rom he ime o he Repuli and o build a largeemple o Mar, where Auuu’ viorie would be

elebraed. A maler emple, dediaed o he ea god Nepune, wa loaed o he norh o he emple oMar. I wa 7 m long, and i bae ood 1.8 m lowerhan ha o he emple o Mar. I onied o a por-io and a ingle cea. Al ha remain o he porio areegmen o wo olumn, and wo Corinhian apialwih haracerii ylii deail.4 Te preene o aemple o Nepune in hi Roman own i urher on-firmed by an inripion on he alar o iu Abudiu Veru, vie admiral o he Ravenna flee. Te voivedediaion o Nepune and oher god, daing romhe 2nd enury, eak o he resoraion o Nepune’emple, he onruion o a ea dok helered wiha breakwaer, and he reurbihing o a puli build-ing. Te inripion read a olow: Netuno deiq(ue)

Aug(uti) T(itu) Abudiu Veru pot ubpraefect(ura)clai Raenn(ati) tepio retituto molibu extruct(i)domo exculta in area d(ecreto) d(ecoionum) concea ibidicait.5

Cul enre whih developed in rih reidenial andrural ommuniie in Iria are pariularly inereingand hould no be overlooked. Tey are imporan be-aue o he exepionaly high qualiy o heir arhi-eural aomplihmen and heir inerior deoraion.One uh example i he ul enre in Verige Bay on he

Brijuni Iland, dediaed o Nepune and Venu, and probaly alo o a upreme deiy, eiher Jupier or Mar.I i loaed wihin one o he mo impreive Roman pariian vila o he Campanian ype on he eaernAdriai oa.6 Variou building belonging o he omplex had heir eifi purpoe bu hey were ormeda an arhieural uniy, and diribued enriugalyalong he hore o he bay. From he one-paved hore,hey roe radialy, reemling an amphiheare, andhey were perely inorporaed ino a ingle inegra-ed arhieural uniy. In i enral irle, here wa heul enre, oniing o hree emple, o whih wo

were loaed a he very op o he ea bay and learlydediaed o he paron o eaaring and eaarer oanien Iria (Nepune, Venu).7 Te naural urve ohe bay wa oulined wih a emiirular porio, whihloed he axial layou o hree mal emple wih a-çade aing he ea. Te emple, or raher he aedicu-lae , o a tetrasylo protylo ype, wih our pilar on heaçade (11.83 x 5.92 m in ize), were inveigaed by A.Gnir beween 1904 and 1915. Te dediaion o henorhern emple wa atribued o Venu,8 gode o

expanding i rule on he Apennine peninula, reahedhe raigh o Meina and ame in dire onfli wihwo naval ore whih had onroled he wesern

Medieranean (Syraue, Carhage). Tank o i un-deranding o he vial role o Rome’ mariime expan-ion and i miliary and ommerial dominane on heea, and having uffered requen naval deea (i.e. offarano in 280 BC), he Roman Senae deided o inii-ae he building o hip, generaly no manned by Ro-man, bu raher by oci naale.Te hip were upliedonly in exepional ae, when hi wa demanded byhe raegi inere o onquering he Medieranean.Folowing he Puni War (264-146 BC), wih he vi-ory o he join Roman and Rhodian flee a he batleo Myonneu in 190 BC, afer he war again he Syr-ian ruler Anioh III, he Medieranean beame Mare

Romanum, and in Rome eial praie and ribue wa paid o Nepune a he upreme Roman ea deiy and proeor o eaaring.

I i believed ha he Roman ea god Nepune hademple dediaed o him, where he wa paid he high-e reverene, in he Poreč orum, and wihin he rei-denial mariime vila omplex on he Brijuni Iland(he riad: Mar, Nepune, Venu). Ti i dire evi-dene o he veneraion o Nepune’ ul in emple ar-hieure in Iria.

In line wih he inormaion obained o dae, heul enre a Maraor in Poreč wa dediaed o he

Roman god Mar and Nepune.1 Similarly o whahapened in Pula, in Poreč, when Nepune’ emplewa onrued, he norhern perimeer o he oldenral emple wa puled down. Ta emple had beeno he Erurian ype, wih a wide porio ( pronao) and probaly hree cea2 on he orum. Te onruionmaerial wa paked ino he oundaion o wo newul building dediaed o Mar and Nepune.3 Temaler emple o Nepune wa ereed a he ime ohe Roman Repuli, when Pliny deribed Poreč a op-

pidum ciium Romanorum and when opidum aualyhad al he enilemen o a muniipium, aording o

J. Šašel. Te miliary and ivil auhoriie had already been ormed and hey were laying he oundaion oa Roman urban ommuniy on he peninula o Poreč,olowing he lear onep o an orhogonal orienalRoman own (ul area, puli lie area wih ree, ad-miniraive and our building, ommerial bailiaand avern, reidenial inulae , enerainmen and re-reaional ailiie, bah, e.). A ha ime, Poreč ami-lie ha held he highe poiion in he ae (auru,Pana, Calpurnii Pione, Setidi, Valerii) esae on he


3/24

131

Vena Girardi Jurkić - Anien ul a paron o... (129-152) Hiria Aniqua, 21/2012

9 GNIRS, 1915, 99-164.10 GNIRS, 1907, 49-50; GNIRS, 1908,171-172.11 JURKIĆ GIRARDI, 2008, 29-30.12 CIL, III, 3066, 10083.13 ZANINOVIĆ, 2005, 162-163.14 JURKIĆ GIRARDI, 2001, 7.15 GNIRS, 1910, 172-187; FORLATITAMARO, 1930, 23; FORLATI TAMA- RO, 1965, tab, 90/1,2; MATIJAŠIĆ,1999, 21, JURKIĆ GIRARDI, 2009,191-193.16 GNIRS, 1915, 81; JURKIĆ GIRARDI,2005a, 229-230.

in he Roman period, he ynreim o he upremeRoman deiy Jupier ( Iupite ) and orienal ul ha been oberved. In hee monumen, he Roman de-

iy aquired ome ionographi eaure o he Egyp-ian god Amun, baed and worhiped in he own o Wae (Tebe) aring rom he 23rd dynay. Ten, inhe 16h enury BC, Amun beame he hie Egypian god. On he bae o alar and on he orum parape inPula, Jupier Ammon i rendered in halow relie wihhe haracerii horn o Amun and wih he beardedae o Jupier, in a range o divere variaion. However,he i no reorded in any inripion. Jupier Ammon’ul wa worhiped eeialy in oaal Roman own,where hi deiy wa preen in orum. Hi proeionwa ough and hi influene elebraed by eaarerailing he Medieranean ea and landing in poron he eaern Adriai oa ( Pola, Iae ). Ti kind oeial ymbol wa alo preen on he preerved rag-mened parape on he Pula orum, deoraed wih wohead o Jupier Ammon, nymph, garland and an eagle, learly ugeing ha he Roman Jupier wa iden-ified wih he upreme Egypian deiy Amun.14 Tereaon or Jupier Ammon and Medua adorning hePula orum mu be ough in he very eene o heignifiane o Jupier Ammon. Ti deiy wa firmlyworhiped in anien Pula. wo monumen o JupierAmmon, diovered during he exavaion o he rono he orum, belong o an arii ompoiion. Dreed

in large one lok, hey depi head wih ram’ hornin an aedicule.15 Tee wo one lok (pilaer), a in-egral par o a boundary (an alar?), e he bound ohe parape depiing in relie a esoon wih garlandmade o rui, and wo wavy ribon, held in he beako an eagle wih exended wing. Te eond group odiovered monumen inlude a parape, whih uedo belong o an alar. I oni o a one lab wih ahigh-relie repreenaion o he ea god rion, on ohe ea god Poeidon and hi wie Amphirie, who, in gian proporion, and over he ea urae urnedo he righ. From he wai up, hi body i depied en

face , wherea he head i rendered in profile. Hi righarm i hal lifed, wih he ebow ben, and in hi handrion hold a onh hel and low i a a rumpe.Hi lef arm i ben nex o hi body, while a downward ben fih ail i viile on he ea urae. In he lowerrigh-hand orner o he lab, here i a dolphin wal-lowing a mal fih.16 Tee ulpural ahievemen,reonrued a an enemle, how u he parapedeoraion on he wesern ide o he Pula orum, aa demaraion beween he area o he quare and he

love, eaaring and ailing, on he bai o he dioveredmarle hydia,9 wherea he dediaion o he ouhernemple wa atribued o he ea god Nepune on he

bai o he arhieural deoraion ound in i (a re-lie depiion o rion, a egmen o a apial wih ariden, and a rieze egmen depiing Ero on a dolphin).10 Gnir believed ha he enral emple had beena hrine o Jupier, bu one an aume ha in adiiono he high-ranked Roman deiie o he Julio-Claudian period, Venu and Nepune, he enral emple ouldhave been ereed and dediaed o he war god Mar, given ha a hi ime Roman and Emperor Claudiuhad onquered and oupied Briain, Juliu’ lineagewih Mar and Venu.11 Te emple were onneed bya pergola, embelihed wih olumn and uan api-al, and he ul area o he emple wa enloed by awal (teenos). On he main axi o he enral emple,in he midle o he empy pae in ron o he emple,here were oundaion or he plinh o a aue repre-ening an emperor or a god.

Te Brijuni emple whoe dediaion i atribued o Venu, gode o eaarer and eaaring, an be om- pared o elemen o emple arhieure oberved inhe lae 19h enury in Poirna Bay, ouh o Vela Luka,on he wesern oa o he iland o Korčula. On he bai o an inripion, i ha been daed beween he1 and 2nd enurie: Signia Ursa Symphoi (uxo) te-

plum Venei Pelagiae a solo fecit et signum ipsius deae posuit

cas?(rum).12 “Te adjeive pelagia o he gode Venui akin o her oher ea-relaed atribue. Pelagos meanan open ea, and i i linked o variou oher epihe a-ribued o Aphrodie in her role a gode o eaarerand ailing, uh a: euploia, pontia, eipontia, thalasia,lineia , and oher”.13

Indire evidene o worhip o a oaal own’ paron are depiion in relie o a group o orienal,Greek and Roman deiie in he Pula orum. On he parape in ron o he enral emple on he orum, heolowing ul paron o eaarer are depied: JupierAmmon, rion, Ahelou and Medua. Tey belong o

he amiliar reperoire o ul deoraion o mariimeown on he Adriai oa (Salona, Zadar, riese,Aquileia). I i inereing o noe ha relie depiiono Ahelou and he Nereid deoraed he large andmal Roman heare in Pula. A ulpure o one o he Diouri, he moral Caor wih a hore, ha alo beenound in Pula.

Furhermore, i i worh noing ha olowing hedioverie and he yemaizaion o one monu-men whih had unionaly adorned he Pula orum


4/24

132

Hiria Aniqua, 21/2012 Vena Girardi Jurkić - Ancien cul a paron o... (129-152)

17 JURKIĆ GIRARDI 2009a, 14.18 JURKIĆ GIRARDI, 1972, 41-76; JURKIĆ GIRARDI, 2005a, 57-68.19 BUDISCHOVSKY, 1973, 212; SELEM,1997, 171.20 GORENC, 1952, 142.21 SUIĆ, 1976, 162.22 SELEM, 1997, 52-53; GIUNIO, 1999,57-61.23 BUDISCHOVSKY, 1973, 205.24 BRUSIN, 1940, 40-42; RUARO LO-SARI, 1961, 22.25 STUCCHI, 1965, 17, g. 7,8.26 BUDISCHOVSKY, 1973, 208.27 JURKIĆ GIRARDI, 2001, 7.28 HERMANN, 1963, 1-3.

culped in he yle o Sepimiu Severu o he 2nd cenury.22 Fragmen o depicion o Medua and Jupi-er Ammon made in variou culping yle have alo

been ound in riese. Mo o hem were dicoveredduring he exploraion o he bailica o S. Ju and he“Winckelmann emple”, and hey probaly belonged ohe ornamen o he uper floor o he balurade onhe cenral nave o he bailica in he orum. A plute-ums , hey were linked wih quare metopes and deco-raed wih Amor holding garland coniing o flow-er and rui, imilarly o hoe in Pula and Zadar.23 InAquileia, capial o he enh Ialian region o “Venetia et

Histia”, wo large one lock (idenical o hoe in Za-dar and Pula) decoraed wih depicion o Jupier Am-mon have been ound in he orum, ogeher wih hree

monumen wih Medua and pluteums adorned wihAmor holding garland made o rui and flower, a inhe oher previouly menioned own. According o G.Bruin and L. Ruaro Loari, hee decoraive elemen probaly embelihed he uper floor o he baluradeo he porico o he Aquileia orum24 in a manner imi-lar o he decoraive compoiion in riese. S. Succhiheld a differen view and conidered hem ornameno he emple podium e in he cenre o he periyle,imilar o he one in he emple o he Divine Hadrianin Rome.25 A monumen o Jupier Ammon alo ex-i in Concordia, ye anoher norhern Adriaic por,

locaed in he viciniy o riese and Aquileia, whilea culpure depicing Medua ha been ound in Por-ogruaro. For hoe wo, he ype, poiion and decora-ion hey belong o can harly be acerained, due o alack o archaeological exploraion,26 bu on he bai oheir locaion in he norhern Adriaic coaal region,i can be aumed ha hey were in par alo deiie oremi-deiie, proecor o eaarer.

An iconographic relie aociaion o Jupier Am-mon and Achelou alo occur in Pula. o dae, nomuch atenion ha been paid o hi aociaion, inwhich, nex o Achelou wih bul’ horn, here i a vo-lue o a ram’ horn o Jupier Ammon.27 Achelou iaociaed boh in erm o myhology and decoraionwih Medua and he Nereid.28 Te fiure o Medua,apearing on he aegi o aue o emperor-wariorand deiie, ued o adorn emple, orum, pulic areaand monumen, i acualy an aporopaic mark ward-ing off evil and il orune rom he general populaion,including eaarer.

Te econd erie o monumen rom Pula includeAchelou and our monumen wih depicion o Jupi-

acral building on he wesern ide o he orum. Teharp one-carving reamen o he whole monumeno Medua, one o he hree Gorgon, a wel a o i

deail, uge ha he ypology o hee lock i imi-lar o hoe depicing Jupier Ammon in meope o heaedicule, and ha hey belong o a ingle archiecuraland culpural compoiion.17

Te ignificance o he preence o he heme o Jupier Ammon, rion, Medua, and he eagle wih garland and ribon hould be analyed o esalih owha exen hi cene rendered in relie i linked o hemonumenal, ymbolic and decoraive expreion ohe orum in one reec, and in he oher reec, re-laed o cul, o ancien paron o eaaring and eaar-er. Paricular atenion hould be paid o he Egypian

cul o Amun and hi aimilaion, or yncreim, wihhe Roman cul o Jupier.On hi occaion, he ignificance o he culpural

and myhological heme o Ammon and Meduahould alo be conidered. Religiou olerance reflec-ed in he accepance o new cul during Roman rulecould be oberved a early a he Punic War in he 2nd cenury BC, when he Grea Moher ( Magna Mate )cul, originaing rom Phrygia in Aia Minor,18 preadhrough Rome. Te conque o Egyp, during Cae-ar’ rule, reuled in Egypian deiie peneraing inoRome, which were laer banned by Ocavian Auuu.

Te yncreim o he cul o Jupier, a he upremeRoman deiy, and Amun, a he upreme Egypian de-iy, i a queion o he corelaion o muual aimila-ion. Furhermore, an analyi hould be made o heexen o which he yncreim o Jupier Ammon waaimilaed by he Roman religion and culure, andwheher ha culure wa more inclined o he Egypiancul o Amun-Re19.

Wih a view o dicuing he emergence o a e-cial mehod o decoraing he podium o he orum orhe balurade on he porico’ uper floor, wih depic-ion o Jupier Ammon a he paron o eaaring andeaarer, one hould menion ome o he por ownon he eaern and norhern Adriaic coa, uch aZadar, riese, Aquileia, Concordia and Porogruaro.An imporan dicovery o one monumen depicing Jupier Ammon wih a garland and Medua, orminga compoiion, ha been made in he Zadar orum. M.Gorenc20 and Mae Suić21 placed hem on he emple podium, bu laer, afer adiional reearch, on he bal-cony o he porico. wo fiure o Jupier Ammon anda Medua, o paheic and baroque apearance, were


5/24

133

Vena Girardi Jurkić - Ancien cul a paron o... (129-152) Hiria Aniqua, 21/2012

29 JURKIĆ GIRARDI, 2005a, 145-146.30 OVID, Métaorphoses, IV, 798.31 BUDISCHOVSKY, 1973, 216.32 JURKIĆ GIRARDI, 2005a, 77.33 FISCHER, 1996, 87-90; STARAC,1996, 71-89; MATIJAŠIĆ 1999, 27-28.34 MARCO SIMÓN, 1990, 143-162.35 JURKIĆ GIRARDI 2005a, 203-204.36 KOVAČIĆ-TASSAUX, 2000, 30-31.37 DŽIN, 2007, 291; JURKIĆ GIRARDI,2010, 13-18.38 ROSSI RADIĆ, 2005, 145.39 V. ZAMAROVSKY, 1973, 104. 40 PLINY THE ELDER, Naturalis Histo-iae, IV, 5.

diion, Hercule ough again Achelou, god o heGreek river Aspropotaos. Te link beween Achelou,he Nereid and he horn o pleny (Cornucopia) , cre-

aed rom Achelou’ horn broken off in hi figh wihHercule and filed wih an abundance o rui by he Nereid, are o inerwined ha heir ymbolim un-doubely poin o he proecion o ailor and eaar-er o he colony o Pola.

In pie o he abence o mal voive bronze fiu-rine rom home hrine, wo bronze fiurine o IiForuna wih a ruder, dicovered in Savudria35 andLoron,36 eiy o he veneraion o hi cul in Roman vila on he wesern coa o Iria.

Te depicion o he ea god Glaucu on he gem oa ring ound in he necropoli o Burla near Medulin37

fi ino he reperoire o he cul proecion o fiher-men and eaaring. Te human fiure emerging rom anauilu hel ha been idenified a he ea god Glau-cu.38 Ti Roman god, on o he god Poeidon andAmphirie, wa a riend o he Nereid. He wa wor-hiped a he god o he ea, fihermen and diver,and, according o he radiional myh, he lingered inhe Medieranean Sea. From hi aher, he inheriedhe gif o orune eling, and he ued hi o announcehe arival o chool o fih o fihermen.39 Legend hai ha he wa he conrucor and he fir helmmano he Argo. Becaue o hi propheic power, eaarer

and fihermen ofen invoked him and ough a oluionor heir dilemma during ea voyage and fihing. Hewa conidered a benevolen god, and, when in roule,ailor and fihermen offered him a uf o heir hair.

Pliny he Elder menioned he Nereid and Glaucu,and believed in hem. Glaucu wa alegely a man-likecreaure poted in he viciniy o he preen-day Por-ugal. Conequenly, he prevailing opinion wa ha hewa acualy a man, who, a a fiherman, ae eaweedwhich brough fih o lie. Having aed he weed, hewa overcome by a longing or he ea and he dived inoi. Becaue o hi love o he ea, Oceanu and ehy besowed immoraliy on him.40

A regard he role o ancien cul a paron oeaaring and eaarer in Iria, he concluion can bedrawn ha no only Nepune, a he upreme ea god, bu alo Jupier Ammon and Achelou were inru-menal in he religiou promoion o eaaring and ail-ing by he Roman ae, while in Roman etlemenand vila nex o he ea, paron deiie o eaaring andeaarer were privaely worhiped hrough ariiccrafwork and jewelery.

er Ammon rom he 2nd and 3rd cenurie (one o hemha been ored on he Brijuni Iland).29 Tey probaly belong o a younger, resoraion reperoire and décor

o he Roman Pula orum during he Severian phae,which wa alway aihul o mariime radiion andnaval power.

In erm o conen and myhical ymbolim, in ad-diion o Medua, Jupier Ammon ha been aociaedwih porrayal o ea creaure, rion, hipocampiand dolphin, in heir uncion a ornamen on heorum o Roman por own, uch a Pula. Ti opici linked o myhology, where Medua alo apear aa ea moner; he i Poeidon’ lover,30 combined wihAchelou, on o Oceanu and ehy. In claical an-iquiy, Medua wa alo placed on he prow o hip,31

and i linked o he myh o Pereu.32

In view o ignifican corepondence in he culaociaion o Jupier Ammon and Medua, and o Ju- pier Ammon and Achelou, and he link beween Ju- pier Ammon and he eagle and rion, and al ohermyhical ea and river creaure, he olowing conclu-ion can be drawn: he decoraion o he parape on hePula orum, wih he compoiion o Jupier Ammonand he eagle, repreen a ymbol o Roman power andmiliary orce, and in combinaion wih he depiciono rui and floral garland, i i a ymbol o abundance.In ymbioi wih he Medua, i ward off evil rom

he Roman populaion o he colony o Pola and pro-ec eaaring and ailing, while rion, ounding herumpe riumphaly, and he dolphin walowing amaler fih, repreen a link beween he own o Pulaand he ea and eaarer. Te monumenal and ymbolic naure o he cene rendered in relie uge hai wa poiioned in he cenral ecion o he orum, inron o he Capiol riad, which i alo indicaed by hezigzag groove in he Roman orum in Pula. Te analyican alo reul in ome oher concluion, namely hahi monumenal compoiion adorned he uper flooro he orum porico.33 Te compoiion orm a con-cepual and ymbolic uniy, which, while anding inron o he cenral emple on he wesern ide o heorum, ranmited cerain meage o Roman ciizenand he populaion o Pula. Inerpolaed among heemeage, here were alo cul reerence o he parondeiie o eaaring and eaarer in Iria, and hi wahe main uncion o large alar and parape.34

Hercule, paron deiy o he own o Pula, i a-ociaed wih he ea in one par a a member o heArgo crew, which alo included he Diocuri. In ad-


6/24

134


o Nepune / he Divine / iu Abudiu Veru/ afer he vice- admiraly / in he flee o Ravenna /repaired he emple / buil he whar /decoraed he

houe / on he land which / by he deciion o he coun-cil / gave o himel / i i aid Te monumen wa dicovered under he ciy wal

o Poreč, on he coa, beween he whar and he doorleading o Maraor, near he ruin o anique buildingpoted by Bihop J.P. omaini in 1646. P. Peroniorepeaely warned ha hi voive alar, bearing an ex-cepionaly imporan epigraphic ex, had been on heree or oo long (G. Negri, G.R. Carli, P. Sanković,and P. Kanler alo menion hi ac). Te monumenwa laer ranered o he arium o he Euphraia Ba-ilica, where T. Mommen alo had occaion o ee i.

oday, he monumen i kep in he one monu-men colecion o he Poreč Area Fok Mueum inPoreč.

Dimenion: heigh 110.0 cm, widh 68.0 cm, deph

57.0 cm Dae: 2nd cenury A.D.

Biliography: OMMASINI, 1654, 181 = A, IV,riese 1837, 40, 373; PERONIO, 1681, II, . 172; MU-RAORI, 1739, 54, no. 6; POCOCKE, 1752, 119; NE-

GRI, . 2; CARLI, 1743, 226; DONAI, 1765, 32, no. 5;CARLI, 1788, 131; VERGOIN, 1796, 7; SANKOVIĆ,1822, 115; SANKOVIĆ, 1828, 105; SEINBÜCHEL– RHEINWALL, 1829, 54, no. 113; KANDLER, 1848,292; KANDLER, 1855, 364; CAPPELLEI, 1851, 780;MOMMSEN, 1872 – 1877, no. 328; DESSAU, 1892 –1916, no. 3290; FERRERO, 1878, 136, no. 365; FIEBIN-GER, 1894, 439, no. 50; AMOROSO, 1908, 201 wihfiure; POGASCHNIG, 1910, 16; POGASCHNIG,1926, 12; POGASCHNIG, 1914, 18; DEGRASSI., 1934,no. 3; DEGRASSI, 1970, 627, 631; JURKIĆ GIRARDI,2005a, 150-151.

2. JUPITER AMMON( Iupite Amon) , Pula

A monolih limesone lock, par o an alar en-cloure. Te lower lef-hand par o he monumen i broken. Tere are poin or fixing oher one elemenon he lef and righ ide. Te head o Jupier Ammoni chieled in high relie on he ron ide, in he rec-anular aedicule. Tere i a latice-like riple profiled

CATALOGUE:

1. NEPTUNE ( Netunus), PorečA voive alar made rom a monolih limesone

lock, uncarved on he back, wih damage o he up- per righ hand ide o he pulvinus. Te incripion iurounded by a profiled, latice-like rame on a imple bae. Above he incripion here i a douly profiled pulvinus.

NEPVNO Nepuno DEISQ AUG deiq(ue) Aug(ui). ABVDIVS VERVS (iu) Abudiu VeruPOS SUBPRAEFEC po ubpraeec(uram)5CLASSIS RAVENN clai Ravenn(ai)EMPLO RESIUO emplo reiuoMOLIBVS EXRUC molibu exruc(i) DOMO EXCULA domo exculaIN AREA D. D in area d(ecreo) d(ecurionum)10CONCESSA SIBI concea ibi DICAVI dicavi I.I., X/II, 3.


7/24

135

Vena Girardi Jurkić - Ancien cul a paron of... (129-152) Hiria Aniqua, 21/2012

frame border he preerved par of he aedicule. Terei a latice-like riple profiled and flued cornice abovehe aedicule.

Te preerved par of Jupier Ammon’ head howexcelen workmanhip. Te man’ head i covered in

hick curly hair, from which wo circular, curved hornemerge around hi mal ear.He ha rong eyebrowabove large eye, and he roo of a wide noe i viile.Te rong overgrown beard indicae he dominanand vicoriou poiion of he fiure depiced on hemonumen. Te concep and he execuion of he im-

and flued cornice above he aedicule. Jupier Ammon’head how excelen ariic kil and workmanhip.Te man’ head i covered in hick curly hair from

which wo circular, curved horn emerge around hemal ear. Te rong eyebrow above he large eye,wide noe, half cloed mouh and a rong, curly beardhow he dominan and vicoriou poiion of he fiureon he monumen.

Te exac ie where he monumen wa found ino known. However i i believed ha i belong o heanique heriage of he Ciy of Pula. oday, he monu-men i diplayed in he Archaeological Mueum of I-ria in Pula (inv. no. A 391).

Dimenion: heigh 120.0 cm, widh 80.0 cm, deph85.0 cm

Dae from: 1 cenury AD

Ti monumen comprie par of he alar o Jupi-er Ammon, ogeher wih caaloue no. 3.

Biliography: FORLAI AMARO B., 1930, 24; JURKIĆ GIRARDI, 1974, 7, fig. 2; JURKIĆ GIRARDI,2005a, 144-145; JURKIĆ GIRARDI, 2009, 190-197;

JURKIĆ GIRARDI, 2009a, 9-31.

3. JUPITER AMMON

( Iupite Amon) , PulaA fragmen of he uper par of a monolih lock, par of a limesone alar encloure. Te lower par ha been deroyed and i miing. On he fron, in a par ofa recanular aedicule, he uper par of Jupier Am-mon’ head i chieled in high relief. A latice-like fla


8/24

136


ide, border he aedicule. Tere i a latice-like quadruple profile and flued cornice above he aedicule wih ahigh pulvinus. Jupier Ammon’ head compleely fil he

aedicule. Te man’ head i covered in hick curly hairrom which wo mal, damaged, circular, curved hornemerge. Large almond-haped eye are urmouned bya proruding orehead and an arch o rong eyebrow.Under he wide noe, wih noril, a curved mouacherame he hal-opened mouh. A rong, overgrown beard, creaed by driling, rame he cheek up o heear. Te acial expreion eak o he dominan and vicoriou poiion o he fiure on he monumen.

Te exac locaion where hi monumen wa oundi no known, bu i i believed ha i i par o heanique heriage o he Ciy o Pula (Forum). I wa previouly ored in he mueum in Pula. oday, hemonumen i diplayed in he Archaeological Mueumo Iria in Pula, a par o he one monumen colec-ion in he mueum couryard.

Dimenion: a) monumen: heigh: 92.0 cm,widh: 73.0 cm, deph: 67.0 cm;

b) aedicule wih head: widh 38.0 cm Dae: 2nd o 3rd cenurie AD

Te yle o he depiced fiure and he monumeni chemaic and fla. Ti dae he monumen amongimilar work rom he 3rd cenury AD.

Ti monumen i par o he alar o Jupier Am-mon.

Biliography: JURKIĆ GIRARDI, 2001, 9-10; JURKIĆ GIRARDI, 2005a, 145; JURKIĆ GIRARDI,2009, 190-197; JURKIĆ GIRARDI, 2009a, 9-31.


A monolih limesone lock, par o an alar en-cloure. Parialy damaged on i righ-hand ide.

Tere are fixing poin (groove) or oher one ele-men on he lef and righ ide. On he ron, in herecanular aedicule, he head o Jupier Ammon ichieled in high relie. A latice-like doule profiledrame, damaged on he righ ide, border he ae-dicule. Tere i a latice-like quadruple profile andflued cornice above he aedicule wih a high pulvi-nus. Jupier Ammon’ head enirely fil he aedicule.Te man’ head ha a rong, quare jaw and chin, i icovered in hick curly hair, rom which wo mal cir-

age i he ame a he ace o Jupier Ammon, undercaaloue no. 4.

Te exac locaion where hi monumen wa ound

i no known, bu i i believed ha i i par o he an-ique heriage o he Ciy o Pula. oday, he monumeni diplayed in he Archaeological Mueum o Iria inPula (inv. no. A 393).

Dimenion: heigh 120.0 cm, widh 82.0 cm, deph85.0 cm.

Dae rom: 1 cenury ADTi i par o he alar o Jupier Ammon, ogeher

wih caaloue no. 2.

Biliography: JURKIĆ GIRARDI, 2001, 9; JURKIĆ

GIRARDI, 2005a, 144-145; JURKIĆ GIRARDI, 2009, 190-197; JURKIĆ GIRARDI, 2009a, 9-31.


A monolih limesone lock, par o an alar enclo-ure. Parialy damaged. Tere are fixing poin (groove)or ading oher one elemen, on he lef and righ-hand ide. On he ron, in he recanular aedicule,he head o Jupier Ammon i chieled in high relie. Alatice-like doule profiled rame, damaged on he lef


9/24

137

Vena Girardi Jurkić - Ancien cul a paron o... (129-152) Hiria Aniqua, 21/2012

cular curved horn emerge. Te righ horn i broken.Tere are rong eyebrow above large almond-hapedeye, and he righ-hand ide o he eye i damaged. A

wide noe wih noril and a hal-opened mouh wihrong hick lip are joined o he chemaicaly carvedmouache. Te robu image indicae he dominanand vicoriou poiion o he fiure depiced on hemonumen.

Te exac locaion where hi monumen waound i no known, bu i i believed o be par o heanique heriage o he Ciy o Pula (Forum). I wa previouly ored in he mueum in Pula (ex. inv. no.479). oday, he monumen i diplayed in he Ar-chaeological Mueum o Iria in Pula, a par o heone monumen colecion in he mueum couryard(inv. no. A 18593).

Dimenion: a) monumen: heigh: 127.0 cm,widh: 74.0 cm, deph: 70.0 cm

b) aedicule wih head: heigh 47.0cm, widh 43.0 cm

Dae: 2nd o 3rd cenurie AD

Ti monumen i par o he alar o Jupier Am-mon or he Jupier Ammon parape, a are ca. no. 4.and 5. Anoher imilar monumen i locaed on heiland o Veliki Brijun, where i wa brough rom heArchaeological Mueum o Iria in Pula in 1949.

Biliography: JURKIĆ GIRARDI, 2001, 10-11; JURKIĆGIRARDI, 2005a, 145-146; JURKIĆ GIRARDI, 2009, 190-197; JURKIĆ GIRARDI, 2009a, 9-31.

6. JUPITER AMMON( Iupite Amon), Pula

Par o a monolih limesone lock rom an alar en-cloure. Te uper par o he monumen i parialymiing (he cornice and pulvinus). Tere are fixing poin (groove) or oher one elemen on he lef

and he righ-hand ide. On he ron, in he recanu-lar aedicule, he head o Jupier Ammon i chieled inhigh relie. A latice-like doule profile rame, damagedon he lef ide, border he aedicule. Jupier Ammon’head enirely fil he aedicule in he uper par. Teman’ head, wih a rounded jaw and chin, i coveredin hick hair, rom which wo mal circular, curvedhorn emerge. A par o he head wih hair i damaged.Large almond-haped eye are urmouned by an archo rong eyebrow, he wide noe wih noril and he


10/24

138


7. JUPITER AMMON (Iupite Amon) , Pula

A par o a monolih limesone lock, par o analar encloure. On he ron, in he recanular pro-filed and flued aedicule, he head o Jupier Ammoni chieled in high relie. Tere i a doule flued and profiled cornice above he aedicule, wih a pulvinus. Tecornice and pulvinus are damaged on he lef and herigh-hand ide. Jupier Ammon’ head fil he aedi-cule in he uper par. Te man’ head, wih a rounded jaw and chin, i covered in hick hair rom which womal, circular curved and fla horn emerge. Te hair,a he orehead, i combed ino high and rich lock. Telarge almond-haped eye are urmouned by an archo rong eyebrow, and he wide noe wih noril andhal-opened mouh are conneced by he wo ide oa doted mouache. Te cheek and chin are coveredin hick wavy curl, parialy genly execued uing aone-carving dril in he Aurelian yle.

Te exac locaion where hi monumen wa oundi no known, bu i i believed o be par o he aniqueheriage o he Ciy o Pula (Forum). I wa previoulyored in he mueum in Pula, bu in 1949 i wa ran-ered o he iland o Veliki Brijun. oday, he monu-men i kep in he park opoie he Church o S. Ger-man.

Dimenion: a) monumen: heigh 135.0 cm,widh 74.0 cm, deph 70.0 cm


Dae: 2nd o 3rd cenurie AD

Biliography: JURKIĆ GIRARDI, 2005a, 147; JURKIĆ GIRARDI, 2009, 190-197; JURKIĆ GIRAR- DI, 2009a, 9-31.

8. TRITON (Titon)A limesone lab, par o he railing belonging o he

Jupier Ammon alar. Tere i a doule indened en-largemen on he lower par o he lab, while he lab iramed on he uper par by latice-like, muli-ribon profiling. Te whole urace o he lab i occupied byhe image o rion on he urace o he ea, chieledin high relie. rion i moving righward. Te body,rom he wai up, i preened “en ace”, while he headi preened in emi-profile. Te fiure i nude wih re-

hal-opened mouh are conneced by wo hick raighide o a mouache. Al viile curl on he head andhe chin are worked in deail, wih preciion, by firmroke o a one-carving dril, indicaing he ar o heAnonine period. Te acial expreion indicae hedominan and vicoriou poiion o he depiced fig-ure. Par o he beard and hair ha been worked uing aone-carving dril.

Te exac locaion where hi monumen wa oundi no known, bu i i believed o be par o he aniqueheriage o he Ciy o Pula (Forum). I wa previoulyored in he mueum in Pula (ex. inv. no. 479). oday,he monumen i diplayed in he Archaeological Mu-eum o Iria in Pula, a par o he one monumencolecion diplayed in he mueum couryard (inv. no.A 18593).

Dimenion: a) monumen: heigh: 127.0 cm,widh: 74.0 cm, deph: 70.0 cm


Dae: 2nd o 3rd cenurie ADTi monumen i par o an alar or parape o Ju-

pier Ammon, a i caaloue no. 7 locaed on he ilando Veliki Brijun, where i wa brough rom he Archae-ological Mueum o Iria in Pula in 1949.

Biliography: JURKIĆ GIRARDI, 2001, 11-12; JURKIĆGIRARDI, 2005a, 146-147; JURKIĆ GIRARDI, 2009, 190-197; JURKIĆ GIRARDI, 2009a, 9-31.


11/24

139

Vena Girardi Jurkić - Ancient cult a patron o... (129-152) Hitria Antiqua, 21/2012

aliticaly ormed mucle. In hi right hand, with hiarm bent at the ebow, riton hold a hel which he i lowing like a trumpet. Hi lef hand ret on hi tom-

ach. Hi head, in emi-profile, ha prominent curl ohair and a realiticaly ormed ear. Tere i a dolphinwalowing a maler fih in the right-hand corner othe lab. Te urace o the ea itel ha been ormed inthe tone in a particular way o a to how ecificalythat the god wa lowing the hel quietly, becaue thefiercet torm had been queled.

Te exact location where thi monument wa oundi not known, but it i believed to be part o the an-tique heritage o the City o Pula and that, in a ene,it completed the compoition o two monolith lockwith image o Jupiter Ammon on the Pula Forum (inv.no. A 391 and A 393). oday, the monument i kept atthe Archaeological Mueum o Itria in Pula (inv. no.A 395).

Dimenion: height: 120.0 cm, width: 80.0 cm,depth: 25.0 cm

Date: 1t century AD

Biliography: GNIRS A., 1915, 81, no. 178; JURKIĆ GI-RARDI 2005a, 229-230.

9. ACHELOUS ( Acelous), Pula

Te uper part o a gale cornice made o limesone.Te building lock i richly decorated in profile andramed by a imple atragal band. Tere are two fiure

in the preerved decorated area: one i the mak o atragic fiure in halow relie, the other i the river godAchelou in high relie emphaiing hi finely worked gigantic head. Te head wa chieled chematicaly, ac-cording to known example o Etrucan and Roman artued or decorating pulic building.

Achelou ha a broad ace, almond-haped protrud-ing eye, a pronounced, wide noe, ditinctive lip, anelongated mouth and elongated ear with luxurianthair. Flat horn can be oberved among the lock o hairon hi orehead.


12/24

140

Hitria Antiqua, 21/2012 Vena Girardi Jurkić - Ancient cult a patron o... (129-152)

Te ragment wa ound in Pula. oday, it i part othe exhibiton o tone and bronze tatue rom the Au- utu emple in Pula. (inv. no. A 8724)

Dimenion: height 50.0 cm, width 75.0 cm Date: 2nd to 3rd centurie AD

Baed on it conception and workmanhip, the im-age o the river god Achelou preented on the keytoneo an arch i part o the tandard architectural orna-mentation o a Roman orum.

Biliography: JURKIĆ GIRARDI, 1972a, 214, tab. 6/1; JURKIĆ GIRARDI, 1974, 13, fig. 21; JURKIĆ GIRARDI,2001, 16; JURKIĆ Girardi, 2005a, 223-224.

11. NEREIDS ( Nereides), Pula

Te lef and right trianular part o a limesone gale broken into two part. Te entire lef ide i miing,and the tip o the right ide i damaged. From above,the gale area i urounded by edging, but on the lef ide the edging ha alen off. Te gale i decorated inhigh relie, with a fiurative compotion on a maritimetheme, with a Nereid eated in the centre. She i oneo the daughter o the ea god Nereu, and on her lefthe winged Ero i aproaching, olowed by a dolphin.

Te building lock wa ound in the late 19th centuryamong the ruin o the large Roman theatre in Pula(Monte Zaro). It wa previouly kept in the mueumin Pula (ex. inv. no. 336). oday, the monument i diplayed in the Archaeological Mueum o Itria in Pula,a part o the tone monument colection (inv. no. A

125). Dimenion: height: 65.0 cm, width: 35.0 cm Date: mid 1t century AD

Biliography: GNIRS, 1915, 52, no. 109, fig. 25; MLA-KAR, 1979, 137, no. 168c with fiure; JURKIĆ GIRARDI,2001, 15-16; JURKIĆ GIRARDI, 2005a, 222-223.

10. ACHELOUS ( Acelous), PulaA ragment o the keytone o an arch, made o

limesone. Te head o the river god Achelou i chi-eled in halow relie. Te relie ragment i part othe architectural ornamentation o a building or aarcophau. A wide noe arch rame the eye ocketwith mal eye. Te cheek are rounded, the mouthmal and the chin widened. wo flat horn emergerom the high hair, executed uing the driling tech-nique, and two mal ear are viile. On the right andlef-hand ide, the horn o Jupiter Amnon can bedicerned.


13/24

141


12. MEDUSA ( Medusa), Pula

A tone lock o limesone a the decorative part othe pilater o the parapet in the orum in Pula. On theide to the ront there are ribed groove (10.0 – 12.0cm) or joining it to other contruction element. Teront o the monument i ormed in three part. Teuper part, in the hape o a pulvinu, lie on a multiple,halow cornice urounding a metope with the fiureo Medua. Te profiled bae o the monument (height26.0 cm) i trimmed on the ront, but the right cornerha alen off. Te metope with the fiure o Meduawa later punctured in the uper lef-hand corner witha pipe haped hole that pae through the entire monu-

ment (the diameter o the hole i 13.0 cm).

Te fiure are extremely wel ormed, both in termo compoition and a culpture. Te dolphin’ body i

bent in two place a it wim, and it round eye indi-cate it good nature – a though it i offering protec-tion a it accompanie eamen. Te winged Ero, withan atral chain around hi naked body, i lowing a doule flute and participating in the muic and dance by himovement. In the midle o the gale area, rom lef to right, we can til ee the Nereid’ leg, clothed in atranparent dre, which al to her ankle. Te fiure ifloating, acing rom right to lef, and her dre flow athough he i dancing. It hould be noted that the galeon the other ide o the building alo had the ame or

imilar relie compoition, and it wa altogether excep-tional work o ornamentation o the theatre building.Te ragment with the fiure o the Nereid and

Ero wa ound at the end o the 19th century in theruin o the mal Roman theatre in Pula, not ar romthe Doule Gate and wa later taken to the Pula CityMueum (ex inv. No. 555). In 1946, during a dig un-der the tage o the mal Roman theatre, M. MirabelaRoberti ound the ragment o the monument with thedolphin and pieced the compoition together.

oday the united part o the gale are exhibited inthe tone monument colection o the Archeological

Muemum in Pula (inv. no. A 380).

Dimenion: height: 81.0 cm, width: 224.0 cm,depth: 32.0 cm.

Date: 1t century A.D.

Biliography: MIRABELLA ROBERI, 1949, 249, tab.9/15; MLAKAR, 1979, 139, no. 169b with ilutration;

JURKIĆ GIRARDI 2005a, 230-231


14/24

142

Hitria Antiqua, 21/2012 Vena Girardi Jurkić - Ancient cult a patron o... (129-152)

tion o the Roman orum in Pula, a a ingle architec-tural compoition. Tere i an almot identical exampleo Medua in the ornamentation o the orum in Zadar.

Biliography: BOLŠEC FERRI – MAIJAŠIĆ, 1989,8–9, photo: 13; BOLŠEC FERRI – MAIJAŠIĆ, 1990,149–151; JURKIĆ GIRARDI, 2005a, 238

13. MEDUSA ( Medusa), PulaPart o the architrave and perhap the epityle, o

limesone, decorated with the fiure o Medua. Me-dua’ head i carved into the monument, with an oval,almot round ace, and a mal indentation on the chin.Her expreion i calm and cold. Te noe i traightand pread out in a trianular hape at the bae. Her

eye are almond haped, et horizontaly with heavyeyebrow above. Her orehead i low and beautiulyormed, and bird’ wing emerge rom it at an angle.Her hair i thick and wavy, parted in the midle o herhead. Snake uround her entire ace, and their tailare tied in a knot, with a bow in the midle o the part-ing and orehead. Te nake’ head hang by her eardown to the midle o her ace.

Te monument wa ound in the large Roman thea-tre (Monte Zaro) in Pula. It i now in the tone monu-ment colection o the Archaeological Mueum o I-tria in Pula (inv. No. A137).

Dimenion: a) ragment: height: 45.0 cm,width: 157.0 cm, depth: 20.0 cm b) Medua: height: 36.0 cm,

width: 36.0 cm.

Datacija: 1. toljeće. Date: 1t century AD

Te head o Medua i carved in halow relie, but itdemontrate precie artitic work, both in the relie othe fiure and in the plant moti decorating the lintel.

Te fiure o Medua etched in the metope (70.0 x62.0 cm) ha been almot detroyed on the ront. Nev-erthele, the wing have been preerved, carved in deep

relie on the right and lef-hand ide o the orehead,above which it i poile to ee the parting o her hair,with entangled nake. Te hair i in hort, thick lockcombed back rom the ace, right down to the thick andfirm chin, which i ramed in the centre by the nake,which are tied in a bow.

Te monument wa dicovered in 1987 during thedig and exploration o the outh-eatern ide o the Ro-man orum in Pula (known a lock 11) at Sergijeva ul.1 (earlier ul. Prvog maja). Te tone lock wa built intothe lat ancient dividing wal, together with the toro oa culpture o the emperor, broken in two. oday it iexhibited at the ite where it wa ound, in the ground

floor premie o Nova banka d.d. Pula, Sergijeva ul. 1.

Dimenion: a) monument: height 117.00 cm,width 81.0 cm, depth: 81.5 cm

b) Medua: height 61.6 cm; width50.5 cm.

Date: 2nd – 3rd century.

Te harp tonemaonry technique ued or thewhole and individual detail o the monument i remi-nicent o imilar typology o the lock howing thefiure o two Jupiter Ammon with a quare ace in the

metope o monument rom a ecific phae o decora-


15/24

143

Vena Girardi Jurkić - Ancient cult a patron of... (129-152) Hitria Antiqua, 21/2012

been preerved of the head of Medua how that theface wa carved in the tandard oval hape. Te noeand mouth have not been preerved, but there i onlyone almond-like, horizontaly poitioned eye. Te hairframe the face in thick, traight lock, combed back be-hind the ear. A nake can be een like a frame below thecheek and one end fal down toward the chin, whiltit outline folow the line of the undamaged cheek.

In term of the artitic work, the iconography and plantornamentation, which wa very common a decorationand a motif in the early period of the empire, the monu-

ment ha been dated a originating from the 1t

century.Biliography: GNIRS A., 1915, 84, fig. 41; MARUŠIĆ

B., 1965, fig. 19; JURKIĆ GIRARDI, 1970, 36, tab. 2/1, 2; JURKIĆ GIRARDI, 2005a, 231.

14. MEDUSA ( Medusa), PulaA fragment of a quare limesone panel, damaged

on the lower edge, decorated with the fiure of Meduain high relief. Te fragment wa later pierced throughthe mouth and ued a decoration in a fountain withwater flowing through it. Te head of Medua ha beencompletely preerved. Her quare face ha a lightlyurpried expreion. Her noe i traight and wide, hereye are almond haped and laid traight. Her mouthi carved horizontaly, but it expreion wa not pre-erved, a it wa later pierced through. Te head iurounded by very thick hair, right down to the chin,and the forehead i covered, low down. Te culptorued harp troke to form the hair, imitating trictlyeparated lock. On the top of the head there are wing,horizontaly placed, and there are barely viile outlineof coiled nake.

Te monument wa found in Pula. It i kept in thePula City Mueum (ex inv. No. 403). It i now in theexhibition of tone tatue and bronze culpture fromthe emple of Auutu in Pula (inv. No. A240).

Dimenion: height: 50.0 cm, width: 47.0 cm, depth13.0 cm

Date: 2nd -3rd century

Te fragment i quite rutic in term of it work-manhip and the expreion of Medua’ phyiognomy.

Biliography: MLAKAR Š., 1969, 10; JURKIĆ GIRAR- DI, 1970, 35 – 36, tab. 1/2; JURKIĆ GIRARDI, 2005a, 232.

15. MEDUSA ( Medusa), PulaA fragment of a panel from a coffered ceiling made

of limesone, with part of Medua’ head in the midleof the coffer. Te coffer i decorated on it lower idewith the fiure of a dolphin, and on the uper ide withome wild ea monter. Te remainder of what ha


16/24

144

Hisria Aniqua, 21/2012 Vesna Girardi Jurkić - Ancien culs as parons of... (129-152)

decoraed wih a sylized head of Medusa, whils on heoher fla side hey are decoraed wih a rosete. Tereis an abacus resing on he capial. Tis presenaion of

Medusa’s head is very sylized and limied o a mereouline of he face. Te face is formed in shalow relief.I is compleely rounded and smiling slighly. Te eyesand nose are indicaed, whils he mouh is horizonaland slighly convex.

Te Ionic column was probaly par of he decora-ion of he large Roman heare in Pula (Mone Zaro).I was brough from Asia Minor (Procones). I is nowin he sone monumen colecion of he Archaeologi-cal Museum of Isria in Pula (inv. No. A 4730).

Dimensions: a) monumen: heigh: 33.0 cm, widh;52.0 cm, deph: 27.0 cm

b) Medusa: heigh: 4.6 cm,widh. 4.8 cm Daacija: počeak 1. soljeća. Dae: beginning of he 1s cenury AD

Since he capial is deemed o be a op qualiy sculp-ural piece from he early period of he empire, wihsrong Helenisic influence in erms of syle, he fiureof Medusa has been daed o he beginning of he 1s cenury AD.

Biliography: JURKIĆ GIRARDI, 1970, 38, ab. 8/1;MANASSE G. C., 1978, 199 – 200, ab. 67/1, 2; JURKIĆGIRARDI 2005a, 235.

Te monumen was discovered in Pula, in he mid-le of he ciy hil (kašel). I is now in he sone monu-men colecion of he Archaeological Museum of Is-

ria in Pula (inv. No. A 141). Dimensions: a) fragmen: heigh: 87.0 cm, widh:

53.0 cm, deph: 26.0 cm b) Medusa: heigh: 37.0 cm,

widh: 21.0 cm Dae: 1s cenury AD

On he basis of he accompanying moifs, he work-manship on he rosete and leaves, he arangemenof he ornamenaion and he way i is conceived andsculped, he monumen may be daed wih cerainyo he 1s cenury AD.

Biliography: FORLAI AMARO B., 1930, 11, fig. 6; JURKIĆ V., 1970, 37, ab. 4/2.

16. MEDUSA ( Medusa), PulaTe volues of an Ionic column made from whie

Proconese marle, which on one fla side end in a spiral,


17/24

145

Vena Girardi Jurkić - Anien ul a paron of... (129-152) Hiria Aniqua, 21/2012

in 1961, bu probaly ame from Pula or he uround-ing area. I i now in he warehoue of he AniquePeriod Deparmen of he Arhaeologial Mueum ofIria in Pula (inv. No. A 4732).

Dimenion: heigh: 8.0 m, widh: 8.8 m Dae: 1 -2nd enury AD

Biliography: JURKIĆ GIRARDI, 1970, 38, ab. 8/1; JURKIĆ GIRARDI, 2005a, 237

17. MEDUSA ( Medusa),unknown site (Pula?)

Par of a limesone proome deoraed in he fronwih a repreenaion of Medua’ head. Te fiure i baly damaged, only i eye have been relaively wel preerved. Te head of Medua i rounded wih ahildih expreion, whih i emphaized by he hairovering he round forehead. Te noe i hiped. Temouh i raigh and hiped, whil he eye are al-mond haped, wide open, wih rong oke, whih give he fiure a dark expreion, like a rying hild. Teenire head i overed in nake.

I i no known where he monumen wa found.I probaly originae from Pula. I i now kep in he

bak ouryard of he Arhaeologial Mueum of Iriain Pula (inv. No. A 4731). Dimenion: a) monumen: heigh: 35.0 m, widh;

43.0 m, deph: 33.0 m b) Medua: heigh: 15.0 m,

widh. 14.5 m Dae: 2nd enury AD

Biliography: JURKIĆ GIRARDI, 1970, 39, ab. 8/2; JURKIĆ GIRARDI, 2005a, 236

18. MEDUSA ( Medusa

),unknown site (Pula?)A fragmen of he head of Medua in limesone

relief, wih he uper righ hand egmen broken off.Alhough he main haracerii of Medua are no viile on hi relief, uh a he nake and wing, il,aording o he ragi expreion on her fae and heway he deail have been formed, i may be onludedha i i in fa Medua. Te fae i very rounded, al-mo a irle. Te noe i hor and widen ou owardhe botom, whil he noril are very prominen andemphaized. Te mouh i hown wide open, wihrounded orner, bending downward, giving he faea ragi expreion. Te lower lip i lighly hiker. Teeye i almond haped and plaed a an angle ouwardfrom he roo of he noe, wih a rong, low oke,whil he pupil i holowed ou and emphaized. Alhee haracerii give he eye a iff and fixed expreion.

I i no known where hi monumen wa found.Te monumen wa reurned a reiuion from Ialy


18/24

146

Hiria Aniqua, 21/2012 Vena Girardi Jurkić - Anien ul a paron o... (129-152)

bun a he bak. Te ae how laial beauy, andi atracive wih meiulouly hieled eye, noe andmouh. Te fiure i graeul and proporional.

Te fiure wa diovered in 1929, in looe maeriala a Roman vila on he oa.oday, i i par o he exhibion o one and bronze

aue o he emple o Auuu in Pula.

Dimenion: heigh 9.2 m Dae: 1 o 2nd enurie AD

Te ionography orepond o a ynreii ypeo god, very popular in Roman ime. Elemen o heIi hairyle and Pelagiaia atribue (he horn o pleny, exoi rui) and Foruna (he iler ymboliz-

ing he onrol o human deiny, alo an atribue oIi Pelagia) merge in hi fiure. Ti patern i preenin everal varian in numerou bronze ulpure, di-ering only in erm o he workhop where hey weremade, he mould and qualiy. Te yle o Ii Forunarom Savudrija orepond o he Iali ype o bronzefiurine o he Julio-Claudian period, or i ould be he produ o a radiional model ued in a laer period.

Biliography: DEGRASSI,1962, 881 = NS, 1930, 429–433; DEGRASSI, 1970, 622: JURKIĆ GIRARDI, 1972a,211, ab. 4/1; JURKIĆ GIRARDI, 1974, 8,fig. 9; JURKIĆGIRARDI, 1978a, 41, fig. 3; MLAKAR, 1969, no. 130;

JURKIĆ GIRARDI, 1985, 81, no. 190; DŽIN, 1999, 55, no.156; JURKIĆ GIRARDI, 2001, 13-14; JURKIĆ GIRARDI,2005a, 203-204.

20. ISIS - FORTUNA( Isis – Fortuna), Loron

A bronze aue o a woman, uly a, wihou he pedesal i wa anding on. Te fiure i parialy ov-ered wih wel preerved green paina.

Te gode i leaning on her righ leg, in her righ

hand he i holding a iler, o whih her gaze i fixed.Her head i urned o he righ. Her lef arm, ben aa righ angle a he ebow, hold a horn o pleny (or-nuopia). She i dreed in a long, leevele robe (hi-on) whih reveal he righ ide o her brea and iraied above her righ oo, hereby revealing her oe.Te rih drapery o he hion i overed by a hor ape(himaion), whih i beled below he he wih a hin bel.

19. ISIS - FORTUNA( Isis – Fortuna), Savudrija

A anding bronze fiure parly overed wih green paina. Te emale fiure lean on her righ oo whilehe hip i wied o he righ. She i wearing a longleevele hir, a hion, u a he nekline and reah-ing he floor in atracive old, wraping he lef leg ai ep orward. Te loak – himaion – al rom helef houlder diagonaly over he bak, around he hip,

and i fixed under he bu. Te righ arm i loweredand lighly urned o he righ, holding a iler. Te lefhand, wih he ebow elevaed, hold a horn o pleny(ornuopia). Te head, lighly urned o he righ, ideoraed wih an “Ii hairyle”. Tere i a olar diand eaher above he wo horn, and he rim o a mo-diu (a onainer or whea – an atribue o Demere)an be oberved on he bak. Te hair i aligraphialyhieled. I i divided by a paring and oleed in a


19/24

147

Vesna Girardi Jurkić - Ancien culs as parons o... (129-152) Hisria Aniqua, 21/2012

Te godess’s head is designed in paricularlyminue deail, wih wavy and curly hair, sculped onhe op o he head in a bun, so ha i is combed in

a ypicaly Helenisic syle. On he hairpiece hereis a crown (basileion). I is a ypical Egypian crown,atribued o he godess Haor, consising o a solardisc ormed by wo cow’s horns, oped by a long pea-cock’s eaher.

I was discovered during a dig in par o he potery producion cenre in Loron (1994-1998) in loose mae-rial in he Lae Anique rooms (12).

I is kep oday in he Poreč Area Fok Museum, inPoreč.

Dimensions: heigh: 9.3 cm Dae: 1s cenury BC

Tis graceul fiure o Isis Foruna rom Loron may be compared in erms o is iconographic elemens wihhe Isis Foruna rom Savudrija, bu in erms o hehair, clohes and leisurely movemens i is comparaleo he Helenisic, clichéd ype o bronze sculpure ypi-cal o he 1s cenury AD. I differs rom he SavudrijaIsis Foruna, which, due o is saic apearance and hesiffness o is deail, may be classed as par o he norhIalic circle o Roman bronze sculpure.

Biliography: PORULANO-KOVAČIĆ V., 1999;501-511; KOVAČIĆ-ASSAUX F., 2000, 30–31;PORULANO-KOVAČIĆ, 2001, 267-268; JURKIĆ GI-RARDI, 2005a, 204-205.

21. GLAUCUS (Glaucus) ,Medulin, Burle

A silver, molded ring wih gemsone in a moldedoval rame. Te gemsone, o a Carniola brown ochrecolour, is decoraed wih a single carved moi. A male

fiure in profile (he sea god Glaucus) is emerging romhe nauilus o a shel, like a snail. His body is schemaic,he head more skiluly worked wih a prominen capcovering he hair, an indened eye and srong profile ohis nose. In his raised righ hand, he sea god is holdinga fishing rod wih a hook and a fish caugh on i, similaro a gilhead. Below he shel here is a noch indicainghe ground or a wave on he sea. Te lef hand, hangingdownwards, is holding a round hoop.


20/24

148


Biliography: DŽIN, 2000, 8-24; JURKIĆ-DŽIN,2002, 14, caaloue no. 169; DŽIN, 2004, 33-50; DŽIN2007, 291, caaloue no. 232; DŽIN 2008, 16-21; DŽIN,2009, 393-372: JURKIĆ GIRARDI, 2010, 13-15.

Te ring wa dicovered in 2000 in Paljevinki graveno. 147 o he Burle necropoli. I i now kep in heArchaeological Mueum o Iria in Pula (inv. No.A/30010435).

Dimenion: lengh o he gemone: 2.6 cm, deph:0.3 cm

Dae: 2nd cenury AD

ABBREVIATIONS:

ACRS Cenro di ricerche oriche, Rovinj – rieseAMSI Ati e memorie dela Socieà iriana di archeologia e oria Paria, Parenzo–

Venezia– rieseAN Aquileia Nora, Rivia del¢Aociazione nazionale per Aquileia, AquileiaAP Arheološki pregled, Arheološko drušvo Jugolavije, Beograd–LjuljanaHA Hiria archaeologica, Arheološki muzej Ire, PulaHH Hiria hiorica, Povijeno drušvo Ire, PulaHanq Hiria aniqua, Međunarodni iraživački cenar za arheologiju, Brijuni-Medu-

lin, PulaIHAD Izdanja, Hrvako arheološko drušvo, Zagreb JAK Jarbuch ür Alerumkunde , Wien JBL Jahrbücher der Lieraur, Wien JÖAI Jahrehefe de Öereichechen Archäologiche Iniu, I – XXXI (1898-

1939), WienKAMI Kaalog, Arheološki muzej Ire, PulaLSCPh Leipziger Sudien zur claichen Philologie, Leipzig MK

Monografije i kaalozi, Arheološki muzej Ire, Pula

MADJ

Maerijali, Arheološko drušvo Jugolavije, Beograd NSc Noizie degli Scavi di Anichià, Ati dela R. Accademia Nazionale del Lincei,Roma

OA Opucula Archaeologica, ZagrebROFS Raccoli d opucoli cienifici e filologiciSVA

Scriti vari di Anichià, rieseZRHZKJ Zbornik radova za hioriju zdravvene kulure Jugolavije, RijekaŽA Živa anika, Filozoki akule, Skopje


21/24

149


BIBLIOGRAPHY

AMOROSO, 1908: A. AMOROSO, Parenzo. epli romani,AMSI, 24, Parenzo, 191 – 204.

BALDINI, 1997: M. BALDINI, Parenium – opograa anica, ACRS, 27, riese – Rovigno1997, 51 – 212.BEGOVIĆ DVORŽAK- SCHRUNK DVORŽAK, 2005: V. DVORŽAK BEGOVIĆ - I. DVORŽAK

SCHRUNK, Te Cul of Neune and Venus on Bijuni, Hanq, 13, Pula, 191-204.BEGOVIĆ-SCHRUNK, 2006: V. BEGOVIĆ - I. SCHRUNK , Bijuni, Prošlos, graieljsvo, kulurna baina

(Te Brioni Iland. Pat, Architecture and Cultural Heritage, Zagreb.BRUSIN, 1964: G. BRUSIN, Aquileia e Grao , Padova.BUDISCHOVSKY, 1973: M.C. BUDISCHOVSKY, Jupie-Amon e Méduse dans les forums du Nod de

l’Adiaique, AN, 44, Udine, 200-208.CAPPELLEI, 1851: J. CAPPELLEI Le ciese d’Ialia, 8, Venezia.CARLI, 1743: G.R. Dee anicià di Capoisia , ROSF.CARLI, 1788: G.R. CARLI, Dee anicià Ialice , 1, Milano.

DEGRASSI 1934: A. DEGRASSI, Inscipiones Ialiae, X/III, Parentium, Roma. DEGRASSI A., 1962: A. DEGRASSI, Salvore, scopera d’anicià romane, SVA, 2, Venezia – riese. DEGRASSI A., 1970: A. DEGRASSI, Culi de’Isia preromana e romana, u: Adiaica praehisoica e

aniqua, Micelanea Gregorio Novak dicata, Zagreb, 615 – 632. DESSAU, 1892 – 1916. H. DESSAU, Inscipiones Lainae Selecae, Berlin. DONAI, 1765 S. DONAI, Ad Novum Tesaurum eerum inscipionum L.A. Muraoii suple-

menum , 1, Lucea. DŽIN, 1999: K. DŽIN, Kaalog de Gegensände aus de anien und säanien Epoce,u: Der

Zauber Itrien. Eine Autelung über kroatiche Gechichte, Kunt und Kul-tur, Pula, 47 – 61.

DŽIN, 2000: K. DŽIN, Sjaj aničih nekropola Muile / Te Splendou of anique Muila's Ne-cropoles , KAMI, 58, Pula 7-24.

DŽIN, 2004: K. DŽIN,

I gioiei d'oro dea necropoli di Burle (Medolino), ACRS, 34, Rovigno-riese, 33-50. DŽIN, 2007: K. DŽIN, Anio con una gea, Roma Senatu Populu ue Romanu, Catálogo,

Madrid, 291. DŽIN, 2008: K. DŽIN, Aniča i kasnoaniča nekropola Burle u Medulinu / Anique and lae

anique Necropolis of Burle in Medulin, KAMI , 76, Pula, 16-21. DŽIN, 2009: K. DŽIN, A unique eerald Neclace from he Anique Necropolis of Burle nea

Medulin in Isia, Hanq , 18-1, Pula, 363-372.FERRERO, 1878: H. FERRERO H., L’odinaleno dee arae romane , orini.FERRI BOLŠEC–MAIJAŠIĆ, 1989: N. BOLŠEC FERRI - R.MAIJAŠIĆ, Aniči nalazi na jugoisočnom uglu

imskog foruma , u: Pula, orum – arheološka itraživanja (1987–1988), KAMI,44, 8–9.

FERRI BOLŠEC–MAIJAŠIĆ, 1990: N. BOLŠEC FERRI-R.MAIJAŠIĆ, Pula/Pola forum , AP, 1988, Ljuljana,149 – 151.FIEBIGER, 1894: O. FIEBIGER O., De clasium Ialicarum hisoia e insius, LSCPh, 15, Leipzig,

277 – 459.FISCHER, 1996: G. FISCHER, Das römisce Pola. Eine acäologisce Sagescice, Bayeriche

Akademie de Wienchafen, Phil.-hitoriche Klae, Ahanlungen, N.F.Hef110, München.

FORLAI AMARO, 1930: B. FORLAI AMARO, Il R. Museo de’Isia, Venezia.FORLAI AMARO, 1965: FORLAI AMARO, Are e Ciilà romana ne’Ialia setenionale daa Reub-

lica aa eracia, I/1964,1965.


22/24

150

Hiria Aniqua, 21/2012 Vena Girardi Jurkić - Ancien cul a paron of... (129-152)

GIUNIO, 1999: K. A. GIUNIO, Neke bilješke o zaarkom forumu kapioliju, Hanq, 5, Pula, 55-66.GNIRS, 1904, A. GNIRS, Anie Funde au Pula und Ungebung, JÖAI, 7, Wien, 131-146.GNIRS, 1907: A. GNIRS, Forcungen in Iien , JÖAI, 10, Wien, 43-58.

GNIRS, 1908: A. GNIRS, Forcungen in im ülicen Iien, JÖAI, 11, Wien, 167-186.GNIRS 1910: A. GNIRS, Neue Funde om Forum ciile in Pola, JAK, 4, Wien, 172-187.GNIRS, 1915: A. GNIRS, Pola. Ein Führe duc die anie Baudenkmäle und Salungen,

Wien.GORENC, 1952: M. GORENC, Aniča kulpura u Hrvakoj, Zagreb.HERMANN, 1963: W. HERMANN, Gorgo und Acelou , Mitheilungen de Deuchen Archäolo-

giche Iniu – Römiche Abeilung, 70, Wien. JURKIĆ GIRARDI, 1970: V. GIRARDI JURKIĆ, Meduze na reljema Arheološkog muzeja Ire u Puli , HA,

1/1, Pula 1970, 29–52. JURKIĆ GIRARDI, 1972: V. GIRARDI JURKIĆ, Raproranjeno kula Magnae Mai na poručju Ire u

imko doba, HA, 2/1, Pula, 41-76. JURKIĆ GIRARDI, 1972a, V. GIRARDI JURKIĆ, Izbo aniče kulne plasie na poručju Ire , MTADJ,

Zadar 1972, 209 – 223. JURKIĆ GIRARDI, 1974: V. GIRARDI JURKIĆ, Are plasica del culo come deerinane l’eienza dei culiromani e increici nea regione iiana , ACRS, 4, Triese – Rovigno, 7– 33.

JURKIĆ GIRARDI 1978: V. GIRARDI JURKIĆ, Najnovija iražianja urbane jezgre aniče Pule, 1975-1976 , IHAD, 3, Spli, 95-107.

JURKIĆ GIRARDI, 1978a: V. GIRARDI JURKIĆ, Kulovi plonoi na poručju aniče Ire , ZRHZKJ, Ri- jeka 1978, 37 – 47.

JURKIĆ GIRARDI, 1981: V. GIRARDI JURKIĆ, Građevinki koninuie imkih gopoarkih ila u zapa-noj Ii o anie do bizankog doba, HH, 4/2, Pula, 77 – 106.

JURKIĆ GIRARDI, 1985: V. GIRARDI JURKIĆ, L’Iia in eoca romana, MK, 1, Pula 1985, 54 – 96. JURKIĆ GIRARDI, 2001: V. GIRARDI JURKIĆ, Egipaki kulovi u ozračju aniče Ire / Egipian Cul in

he Amophere of Anique Iia, KAMI, 59, Pula, 6-17.

JURKIĆ GIRARDI 2005: V. GIRARDI JURKIĆ, i kapiolijka kulna rediša imke Ire, u: Duhovnakulura aničke Ire, Kulovi u proceu romanizacije aničke Ire,, knj. I., Za- greb, 95-111.

JURKIĆ GIRARDI, 2005a: V. GIRARDI JURKIĆ, Duhovna kulura aniče Ire , Kulovi u proceu romani-zacije aniče Ire , knj. I., Zagreb.

JURKIĆ GIRARDI, 2008: V. GIRARDI JURKIĆ, Il cenro di culo romano nea ia reidenziale ue IoleBioni, Inulae Puaiae. Conibuo aa conocenza dei ceni di culo e dee ieanice in Iia, ACRS, 38, Rovigno, 19-36.

JURKIĆ GIRARDI, 2009: V. GIRARDI JURKIĆ, Jupia Amon – he group decoraion on he forum in Colo-nia Pola (Croaia), Jurišićev zbornik, Zagreb, 190-197.

JURKIĆ GIRARDI, 2009a: V. GIRARDI JURKIĆ, Decorazione miologice del foro romano di Pola, ACRS, 39,Rovigno, 9-31.

JURKIĆ GIRARDI, 2010: V. GIRARDI JURKIĆ, Annei romani con moii miologici e imbolici daa ne-cropoli anica di Burle preo Medolino, ACRS, 40, Rovigno, 9-33.

JURKIĆ GIRARDI-DŽIN, 2002: V. GIRARDI JURKIĆ – K. Džin, Značaj imkih nekropola u Ii / Te impo-ance of he Roman Necropolie in Iia, MK, 13, Pula, 30-151.

KOVAČIĆ-TASSAUX, 2000: V. KOVAČIĆ – F. TASSAUX, Od maline do afore, Poreč.MANASSE, 1978: C. G. MANASSE, La decorazione acietonica romana di Aquileia, iese, Pola ,

Aquileia.MARCO SIMÓN, 1990: F. MARCO SIMÓN, Ikonograa y propaganda ideológica Jupia Amon y Medua

en lo foro impeiale , Col ̧ Laomu, Leiden, 209.MATIJAŠIĆ, 1999: R. MATIJAŠIĆ, Neka opografka pianja pulkog foruma, Hanq, 5, Pula, 21-28.


23/24

151

Vena Girardi Jurkić - Ancient cult a patron of... (129-152) Hitria Antiqua, 21/2012

MIRABELLA ROBERI 1949: M. MIRABELLA ROBERI , Noiziaio acaeologico, 1940-1948, AMSI, 53, Venezia, 231-275.

MLAKAR, 1969,: Š. MLAKAR, Pula. Foum (vodič I.), Pula.

MLAKAR, 1971: Š. MLAKAR, Bioni , Pula 1971.MLAKAR, 1979: Š. MLAKAR, Aniči eaa na lu Jugolaije. Katalog, Novi Sad.MOMMSEN, 1872 – 1877: T. MOMMSEN,Copu incipionum Lainaum auxilio e aucoiae Acae-

iae Liteaum egiae Bouicae edium , V, Berlin..MURAORI, 1739: L.A. MURAORI, Novu Teauu eeum incipionum , 1, Mediolani.PERONIO, 1681: P. PERONIO P., Meoie ace e pofane de’Iia. NEGRI: G. NEGRI Icizioni (rukopi), f. 2, Sveučilišta knjižnica u Puli.POCOCKE, 1852; R. POCOCKE R., Incipionum aniquaium libe ale a Jeeia Mie e Ric-

ado Pococe ocieai egali e aniquaioum Londini occi excip .POGASCHNIG, 1910: A. POGASCHNIG, Paenzo dae oigini ino a’ impeaoe Giuiniano , AMSI,

26, Parenzo.POGASCHNIG, 1914: A. POGASCHNIG, Guida di Paenzo, Parenzo.

POGASCHNIG 1926: A. POGASCHNIG, Il epio omano magioe di Paenzo, AMSI, 38, Parenzo,1-30.PORULANO - KOVAČIĆ, 1999: B. PORULANO - V. KOVAČIĆ Riovaeno di un bonzeto di Iide-Fou-

na a Loon (Paenzo-Iia), AMSI, N.. 47, riese 1999, 501 – 511.PORULANO - KOVAČIĆ, 2001: B.PORULANO – V- KOVAČIĆ, Bonzeto di Iide-Founa , u: Loron (Cro-

atie). Un grand centre de production d’amphore à huile iienne , Bordeaux, 267– 268.

ROSSI RADIĆ, 2005: I. RADIĆ ROSSI, Sjećanje na ijee iona i Neeida. O jei i obedima naaničim boovima (Remembering the ime of riton and Nereide about Re-ligion and Ceremonie on ancient Ship), Hanq, 15, Pula, 143-156.

RUARO LOSARI, 1961: L. RUARO LOSARI, Il Foo impeiale di Aquileia , riese.SELEM, 1997: P. SELEM, Izidin ag. Egipaki kulni pomenici u imkom Iliiu, Književni krug,

Split.SANKOVIĆ, 1822: P. SANKOVIĆ P., De’aneao di Pola , Venezia.SANKOVIĆ, 1828: P. SANKOVIĆ P., Biliogaa degli uomini diini de’Iia , 1, riese.SARAC, 1996: A. SARAC, Foum u Puli , OA , 20, Zagreb, 71-89.SEINBÜCHEL – RHEINWALL, 1820: A. de SEINBÜCHEL – RHEINWALL, Alehüme in de Öereici-

cen Monacie , JBL, 12, Wien.SUCCHI, 1965: S. SUCCHI, Conideazione acietonice ed eigace ui monumeni del foo

di Aquileia, AN, 36, Aquileia.SUIĆ,1976: M. SUIĆ, Aniči ga na iočnom Jaanu, Sveučilišna naklada Liber, Zagreb.OMASINI, 1654: J.P. OMASINI, De donaii ac abei oii libe inulai , Padova. VERGOIN, 1796: B. VERGOIN B., Beve agio d’ioia anica e moena dea cità di Paenzo ,

Venezia.ZAMAROVSKY, 1973: V. ZAMAROVSKY, Junaci aničih miova. Lekion gče i imke miologije , Za-

greb, 104.ZANINOVIĆ, 2005: M. ZANINOVIĆ, Kul Afoie i Venee na aašnjoj hvakoj obali (Te Cul of

Aphoie and Venu on he Coaian Coas), Hanq, 15, Pula, 157-166.ŠONJE 1966, A. ŠONJE, Comiium Coloniae Iuliae Paenium, ŽA, 25, 2, Skopje, 387-404.


24/24

Histria Antiqua, 21/2012 Vesna Girardi Jurkić - Ancient cults as patrons of... (129-152)

SAŽETAK

ANTIČKI KULTOVI KAO ZAŠTITNICI POMORSTVA

I MOREPLOVACA U ISTRI

Vesna GIRARDI JURKIĆ

Istarski poluotok uronjen u more sjevernojadranskog bazena, s tri kolonije na zapadnoj obali (Tergese, Paren-tium, Pola), municipijima ( Neacium, Albona, Flanona) te brojnim rezidencijskim vilama (Vižula, Brijuni, Barbari- ga, Bosoja i dr.), keramičarskim proizvodnim kompleksima (Antenal, Tar, Vabriga, Loron, Červar, Sorna, Bar- bariga, Fažana, Vabandon i dr.), potencijalni su lokaliteti gdje se treba očekivati nalaz spomenika božanstvima imitološke prikaze zaštitnika mora i voda tekućica ( Ninu , Aria .).

Do suvremenog stupnja istraženosti nema velikog broja epigrafske i spomeničke građe koja spominje antičkekultove kao zaštitnike pomorstva i moreplovaca, a koja bi se poklapala s brojnim pomorskim naseljima i lukama, vilama i pristaništima.

Jedno od vrhovnih rimskih božanstava, Neptun, imao je svoje hramove u kojima se odavao najviši stupanj počastina forumu u Poreču ( Netunu Auutu) i u sklopu rezidencijskog maritimnog kompleksa vile na Brijunima (tri- jada: Mars, Neptun, Venera). Ovo su direktni dokazi štovanja Neptunovog kulta u formiranim svetištima u Istri.

Indirektni dokazi štovanja zaštitnika pomorskog grada jesu reljefni prikazi i grupe orijentalno, grčko-rimskih božanstava na forumu u Puli. To su parapet pred centralnim forumskim hramom s likovima Aheloja, Jupiter Amo-na, Tritona i Meduze. Oni spadaju u poznati repertoar ukrašavanja pomorskih jadranskih gradova (Salona, Zadar,Trst, Akvileja). Zanimljivo je također da su prikazi Aheloja i Nereida ukrašavali Veliko i Malo rimsko kazalište uPuli. Skulptura jednog od Dioskura, smrtnog Kastora s konjem, otkrivena je u Puli.

Pulski patron grada - Heraklo djelomično je povezan s morem kao jedan od posade broda Argo na kojem su bilii Dioskuri. Heraklo se bori i s Ahelojem, bogom grčke rijeke Aspropotamos. Veza Aheloja, Nereida i roga obiljakornukopije, koja je nastala od Ahelojevog roga u borbi s Heraklom, a kojeg Nereide pune obiljem plodova su takoisprepleteni da svojom simbolikom nesumnjivo ukazuju na zaštitu mornara i moreplovaca kolonije Pole.

Nedostatak malih votivnih brončanih fiurica za kućna svetišta, kao što su dvije brončane fiurice Izide Fortunes kormilom iz Savudrije i Lorona, govore o štovanju tog kulta u rimskim vilama na zapadnoj obali Istre.Kao zaključak nameće se spoznaja da su Neptun, kao vrhovno božanstvo, ali i Jupiter Amon i Aheloj bili u

funkciji rimske državne promidžbe, dok se u rimskim naseljima i vilama uz more privatno zaštitnici pomorstva imoreplovaca nisu intenzivno štovali.

Documents

Ancient cults as patrons of seafaring and seafarers in Istria (Vesna Girardijurkic, 2012) Histria Antiqua, 21/2012