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Ancient China
Effects of Geography
• Access routes into China limited– China isolated– Limited outside cultural and political influence
Zhōngguó Middle Kingdom
• How is development in ancient China the same as that in Egypt, Mesopotamia, and India?
• How is it different?
• Geography?• Political and social organization?• Religion?
Chinese Dynasties
• “Three Sovereigns and the Five Emperors”(“Culture Heroes and Sage Kings”) 2852 – 2205 BCE
• Xia 2070–1766 BCE• Shang 1766 – 1122 BCE• Zhou 1122 – 481 BCE• “Warring States Period”
• Qín Shǐ Huáng (259 – 210 BCE)– The “First Emperor”
Pearl
Yangzi
Yellow
• Homo Sapiens in China50,000 – 20,000 ago
• Yangshao Culture 5,000 – 3,500 BCE
• Longshan Culture 4,000 – 2,000 BCE
• c. 2,000 BCE, “civilization”
• Dapenkeng Culture 5,000 – 2,500 BCE
– Original source of Polynesian Culture ?
Map 4.1 Early China: Geography and Climate.
Shang Dynasty 1766 – 1122 BCE
• “First genuine flowering of urban society in east Asia.”
• Later than other areas we have seen,• However:– cities– metal working– social stratification– religious and political organization– written language
Chinese Writing System
• Invented by Cangjie, c. 2650 BCE
• Earliest probable real use of ideograms as language in late Shang Dynasty
1,200–1,050 BCE ?
“Mandate of Heaven”• Idea developed by the Duke of Zhou (c. 1045 BCE ?)
• The right to rule China is granted by Heaven.
• There can be only one legitimate ruler of China.
• The right to rule is based on the virtue of the ruler and his good performance as a steward for Heaven.
• The right to rule may be passed down from father to son, but only on the conditions established above.
Chinese Society
• Primarily agricultural• Artisans and merchants in towns
• Patriarchal– Filial Piety
Chinese Society
• Status of women?– educated– eventually subordinated
Religion• Local deities evolved from natural forces• Ancestors
• Becomes more abstract during the Zhou dynasty• “Heaven”
– “. . . A relatively neutral, impersonal controlling force of the universe.”
The Emperor:天子 “ Son of Heaven”
Map 4.4 Zhou China.
Chapter 5
• Understand how civilizations in the America’s are different – What did they lack when compared to the Middle
East, India, and China?
5000 4500 4000 3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0
Development of Towns
Development of towns
Akkadian
Babalonian Empire
Hittite Empire
Judah / Israel
Akkadian
Babalonian Empire
Egypt
Assyrian Empire
Hittites
+ Hieroglyphis+ Linear B+ Linear A
+ Phonecian
GreeksArchaic - - - - - - - - - - Classical - - -
Phoenicians
c. 4300Urukcopperplowspotters wheel
Akkadian
Babalonian Empire
Hittite Empire
Judah / Israel
Akkadian
Babalonian Empire
Egypt
Assyrian Empire
Hittites
+ Hieroglyphis+ Linear B+ Linear A
+ Phonecian
GreeksArchaic - - - - - - - - - - Classical - - -
Phoenicians
Copper
+ cuneiform
+ Bronze
Development of Towns
Development of towns
Akkadian
Babalonian Empire
Hittite Empire
Judah / Israel
Akkadian
Babalonian Empire
Egypt
Assyrian Empire
Hittites
+ Hieroglyphis+ Linear B+ Linear A
+ Phonecian
GreeksArchaic - - - - - - - - - - Classical - - -
Phoenicians
c. 4300Urukcopperplowspotters wheel
Akkadian
Babalonian Empire
Hittite Empire
Judah / Israel
Akkadian
Babalonian Empire
Egypt
Assyrian Empire
Hittites
+ Hieroglyphis
+ Iron
+ Linear B+ Linear A+ Phonecian
GreeksArchaic - - - - - - - - - - Classical - - -
Phoenicians
+ cuneiform
Development of Towns
Development of towns
Akkadian
Babalonian Empire
Hittite Empire
Judah / Israel
Akkadian
Babalonian Empire
Egypt
Assyrian Empire
Hittites
+ Hieroglyphis+ Linear B+ Linear A
+ Phonecian
GreeksArchaic - - - - - - - - - - Classical - - -
Phoenicians
c. 4300Urukcopperplowspotters wheel
Akkadian
Babalonian Empire
Hittite Empire
Judah / Israel
Akkadian
Babalonian Empire
Egypt
Assyrian Empire
Hittites
+ Hieroglyphis+ Linear B+ Linear A
+ Phonecian
GreeksArchaic - - - - - - - - - - Classical - - -
Phoenicians
Copper
+ cuneiform
+ Bronze
Development of Towns
Development of towns
Akkadian
Babalonian Empire
Hittite Empire
Judah / Israel
Akkadian
Babalonian Empire
Egypt
Assyrian Empire
Hittites
+ Linear B+ Linear A+ Phonecian
GreeksArchaic - - - - - - - - - - Classical - - -
Phoenicians
c. 4300Urukcopperplowspotters wheel
Akkadian
Babalonian Empire
Hittite Empire
Judah / Israel
Sumerian culture / Empire
Akkadian
Babalonian Empire
Egypt
Assyrian Empire
Hittites
+ Iron
+ Linear B+ Linear A+ Phonecian
GreeksArchaic - - - - - - - Classical
Phoenicians
+ cuneiform
China + Ideograms
