Geography of Chinas River Valleys When you think of
Dragons.What comes to mind?
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Chinese Dragons Dragons were a respected spirit Brought the
life giving rains (China had Dragon rain ceremonies) Chinas
Explanation of rivers?
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The Geography of China Contrasting Climate and Landforms North
China Plain- Built by soil deposits from the Huang River Short
Summer and rain season due to the monsoons Climate is very dry most
of the year
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Contrasting Climates Southern climate is the direct opposite of
the North (duh) Very warm and damp
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Effects of Civilization Geographic Barriers? Mountains Rivers
What did these barriers do?/ Cause
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Flooding Rivers Chinas flooding rivers did what for the people?
Based off of everything we have learned this year, where do you
believe the first Chinese villages were established?
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Yellow River The Huang River carries deposits of loess Loess-
yellow-brown soil When the river floods it leaves this yellow brown
silt all over the northern region Thats why the northern region can
still farm even though it is dry Millet is grown here (staple of
Chinese diet)
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Chinas Sorrow The Huang (Yellow) River was called Chinas Sorrow
Why?
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Flood Control Dikes- walls to control the floods Major issue as
a result?
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Early Civilization in China It is unknown when the first
nomadic groups began settling and farming in the region, but it was
believed to be as early as 5000 B.C.
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Shang Dynasty 1 st Major Civilization in China Arose around
1760 B.C. Created the first Chinese writing system the writing
system was culturally universal, multiple different Chinese groups
could use the writing system Built Chinas first cities Great Bronze
workers Ruled for about 600 years
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Shang Dynasty
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Zhou Dynasty Bordered the Shang Had times of War and Peace with
the Shang Conquered the Shang in 1122 BC Ruled for 1000 years
(Western Zhou/Eastern Zhou) The end of the Zhou was marked by a
perior of time called the Warring States This period lasted only a
small time before the Qin took over
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Mandate of Heaven The idea is that a King or Ruler gets his
power by fate, God has determined that person will be in control.
Same goes for the father leading his family.
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The Importance of Family Family is the center of Chinese life,
more important than the individual and the nation.
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Traditional Families Could contain up to 5 generations Extended
family- closely related group of people living in the same house
Wealthy families may live in one big house Majority of the people
were poor and lived in one room cottages positioned close to one
and other
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Family Authority Center authority was the eldest male After the
oldest man died, land was divided up between his sons and they
started their own families at that point.
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Womens Roles Women were considered lower status than men Women
were bound by the 3 obedience's 1- obey father in youth 2- obey
husband in marriage 3- obey their sons if widowed
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Family Names Chinese tradition is that the family name is
passed on to each child then a personal name is given also. When
spoken, the family name comes first. Example instead of Seth
Whiting, I would be Whiting Seth. What would your name be?
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Confucius and His Teachings Section 2
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The Life of Confucius Confucius- Chinese teacher and
philosopher Name- Kong Fu Zi (Master Kong) one of the earliest
Chinese thinkers (Confucius is the Latin translation) Born to a
Noble (yet poor) family in the North China Plain (NCP) Self taught
(became a teacher)
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Teaching Pioneer First recognized paid teacher Goal was to find
a leader to follow his teachings He never did Believed his life to
be a failure Teaching lasted for centuries
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The Teachings of Confucius His goal was to pass on forgotten
teachings of wise men Confucianism- A system of values and beliefs,
a philosophy, based on Confuciuss ideas
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Bringing Order to Society Confucius believed that if people
could be trained to behave properly, and orderly successful society
would follow Too many of Chinas leaders were more worried about
displaying power than intellegence
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Respecting Others People should know their place, and show
respect to those above and below them The five human relationships:
Ruler and Ruled Father and Son Husband and Wife Older Brother and
Younger Brother Friend and Friend
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The Golden Rule Very similar to Jewish and Christian belief
that: Do not do to others what you would not want done to
yourself
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Religious Traditions Confucianism is a philosophy but was
followed much like a religion, often along side another original
religion Ancient China was home to many beliefs Chinese people
believed that you should live life in harmony and happiness Taoism-
living in harmony with the earth (based off of the writings of
Laozi)
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Influence of Confucianism Confucian ideas became the basis for
Chinese government civil service Civil Service- group of people who
carry out the work of the government Merit System- Govt. positions
were given based on how well you did your job and if you passed the
exams Rising to high Positions- In order to take the exam you had
to read and write, this left poor people out of govt. office
because most lacked the ability to read and write
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THE WARRING KINGDOMS UNITE
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Comparing Detail of Chinese Rulers QIN DYNASTYHAN DYNASTY
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Comparing Rulers QIN DYNASTYHAN DYNASTY Had an Emperor (Shi
Huangdi) Dynasty was short lived (15 years) Very Controlling govt.
(restricted freedoms) Wanted a strong military Created common
currency/ law system/ weights and measures/ improved writing system
Outlawed Confucius ideas Built Great Wall Had an Emperor (Liu Bang)
Long Lived (400 years) Open govt. (educated the people) Wanted a
strong military Govt. based on Confucius ideas Did not keep up with
road and canal repairs Extended Great Wall
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SHI HUANGDI The first Emperor of China 6000 piece terracotta
army
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SHI HUANGDI The emperor had this army created to protect his
tomb and help him gain control in the afterlife. He had grand plans
for real life as well, he said his dynasty would last for 10,000
generations
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THE QIN DYNASTY
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QIN DYNASTY Lasted only 2 generations Shi Huangdi was the first
emperor He conquered and united all the warring states First task
was to enforce strong rule and protect his people He ordered the
construction of the great wall of China
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GREAT WALL
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GREAT WALL FACTS The Great wall is one continuous structure
built by the QIN Dynasty? False- it was started by the Qin and
added to by many other dynasties. The wall is built in segments
some attached others detached. Death Toll- 1,000,000. Referred to
as the longest cemetery in the world! Length of the Defense walls-
31,070 miles Circumference of earth- 24,854 miles
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More Great Wall Facts The wheelbarrow was invented and used
extensively to build the great wall 25ft tall and up to 30 ft
wide.
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Organizing the Government To stop rebelions, Huangdi had
farmers build miles of road so his armies could quickly get to any
uprising and stop it. Huangdi killed any official who opposed him
Divided China into districts run by his trusted officials
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Unifying Economy & Culture Huangdi declared that one
currency would be used Currency- type of money Why would he want
one currency for all of China? Also called for: common weights and
measures improved writing system law code
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Restricting Freedoms Outlawed philosopher who was not QIN
Confucius's teachings were banned Qin taught legalism, the Idea
that you are punished for bad behavior and rewarded for good
behavior People should work to serve the govt. and the emperor
Huangdi burnt all books except those containing medical, technical,
or farming information. The people who protested were killed
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The End of the Qin Huangdi died in 210 B.C. It was followed by
4 years of chaos 9 (both his sons were killed) His grandson takes
over but cannot maintain control Rebellions broke out and the
dynasty fell The 10,000 generation dynasty only lasted 15
years
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The Han Dynasty Emperor- Liu Bang (rebel who helped overthrow
the Qin) Less Harsh than Qin Open to education (Han Rulers new it
was necessary for success) Govt. set on Confucius ideas (civil
service/Merit Based)
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Liu Bangs Death Wudi (woo dee) Liu Bangs grandson has come to
power after Liu Bangs death He was 15 years old Name means Warrior
Emperor Improved the Great Wall Extended the Empire to its largest
size yet
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The End of the Han Wudi dies (the empire continues to develop
for a short time) Weak leadership leads to a collapse One leader
took control at (100 days old) Govt. struggle led to a lapse in
upkeep of roads and canals Warlords and armed groups take
control
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Cao Pei Warlord who took control as emperor 220 A.D. he calls
an end to the dynasty 220 A.D. starts his own dynasty called the
Wei Lasted 50 years
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Chinese Achievements THE SILK ROAD An ancient trade route
between China and Europe (China to Mediterranean sea) Wudis western
conquest put China in contact with Europeans and Middle Eastern
people Name comes from the trade of silk, a valuable cloth made
only in China (closely guarded by the Chinese)
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SILK ROAD
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A route for goods Most traders never travelled the whole length
Goods passed from trader to trader, the price goes up each time
Why? Things other than goods travelled the route Explain!
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Tradition and Learning Writing of Chinese history Creating a
Dictionary Advancement in the arts Sima Qian- wrote the Chinese
history including the myths and fact from the beginning of Chinese
time to the reign of Wudi (Historical Record)
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Advances in Technology The arts: silk weaving, jade carving,
architecture, bronze work Medicine- acupuncture, herbal remedies,
circulatory system Technology- paper, iron plow, rudder,
seismoscope, wheel barrow, compass
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Assignment Pg. 161- Key Terms 1-8 Pg. 162- (9 b/c) (10 c) (11
b) (13 a/b/c)
