RECENTAD\ANCES

INCHEMOTHERAPY

Antimicrobial Section 3

Proceedings of the 14th International Congress of Chemotherapy, Kyoto, 1985

Edited by Joji Ishigami

UNIVERSITY OF TOKYO PRESS

Contents

§11. Miscellaneous Antimicrobial Agents

Pharmacokinetics of Teicoplanin after Repeated i.m. InjectionsG. Buniva and L. Cavenaghi 1897

The Pharmacokinetics and Tissue Penetration of TeicoplaninJ. M. Andrews et al 1899

Treatment of Gram-positive Bacterial Infections with Teicoplanin:Laboratory Aspects

D. Felmingham et al 1901Clinical Study on the Effectiveness and Tolerability of Teicoplanin in InfectionsCaused by Staphylococci and Enterococci

R. F. Frongillo et al 1903Teicoplanin in the Treatment of Infection Caused by Gram-positive Organisms

A. H. Williams et al 1905Clinical Efficacy of Teicoplanin Alone in Severe Methicillin-resistantGram-positive Septicemia

Y. Van Laethem et al 1907Profile of a New Phosphonic Acid Antibiotic, Fosmidomycin

H.-P. Kuemmerle and F. De Santis 1909Pharmacokinetics in Children of a New Fosfomycin Derivative with ImprovedBioavailability

D. Pavesio et al 1911Clinical Usefulness of Fosfomycin in Patients with Allergy to P-Lactam Antibiotics

K. Suzuki and H. Tamai 1913Experimental Studies of Some Derivatives of Rifamycin SV

V. Dimova et al 1915Main Human Urinary Metabolites of the Spiropiperidyl Rifamycin LM 427:Isolation and Biological Properties

D. Ungheri et al 1917Activity of LM 427 on Legionella spp.: In vitro Study and Intracellular Killing

D. Ungheri and A. Sanfilippo 1919In vitro Activity of Coumermycin A, and Other Newer and OlderAntistaphylococcal Agents against Staphylococcus aureus

A. Avlami et al 1921Coumermycin: In vitro Comparison with Ampicillin, Benzylpenicillin, Clindamycin,Cloxacillin, Doxycycline, Erythromycin, Netilmicin and Vancomycin

A. Digranes et al 1923Comparative Efficacy and Toxicity of Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole versusVancomycin in the Therapy of Serious 5. aureus Infections

N. Markowitz et al 1925

vi CONTENTS

Pharmacological and Clinical Studies on Clofoctol, a New AntibacterialNon-antibiotic Agent

M. Del Tacca et al 1927Inhibition of Escherichia coli Dihydropteroate Synthaseby 6-Amino-5-nitrosoisocytosines

R. Ferone et al 1929The Incidence of Trimethoprim Resistance amongst Bacteria Isolatedfrom Significant Bacteriuria in Vellore, South India

H.-K. Young etal '.' 1930Pharmacokinetics of Brodimoprim in Serum and Skin Blister Fluid

T. Kalager etal 1932UK-49,858: A New Triazole Antifungal Drug with Novel PharmacokineticProperties in Laboratory Animals

M. S. Marriott etal 1934The Antifungal Activity of UK-49,858 in Animal Models of Superficial Infections

M. S. Marriott etal 1936Early Clinical Experience with UK-49,858 in Human Volunteers and Patients

S. Jevons etal 1938UK-49,858: In vitro Activity of a Potent Oral Agent against SystemicFungal Infections

K. Richardson etal 1940Antifungal Activity of New Azoles

J. Van Cutsem and P. A. J. Janssen 1942Methiodine, a New Substituted Pyrimidine-antimycotic: Evaluationof Antifungal Activity

H. Imamura et al 1944SF 86-327: Results of Phase II Studies with a New Antifungal Agent for Oraland Topical Application

A. Stephen etal 1946An Open Clinical Therapeutic Study on the Effectiveness of SN 105-843 (Naftifin)Cream in Patients with Dermatophyte Infection

H. C. Ting 1948Allylamines: A Novel Therapeutic Option in the Treatment of Fungal Skin Infections

O. Male etal 1950Isolation of Candida albicans Mutants Sensitive to Antifungal Imidazoles

Y. Mikami etal 1952Therapy of Paracoccidioidomycosis with Itraconazole in a Murine Model

J. G. McEwen etal 1954Single Dose Pharmacokinetics of Rimantadine in Children

E. L. Anderson et al 1955Antimoniotungstate (HPA-23) Therapy in Patients with AIDS or Prodromes

J. C. Chermann etal 1957Selective Anti-herpesvirus Activity of BV-AraU

H. Machida etal 1959Suppression of Visible Lesions of Genital Herpes Simplex Recurrences duringChronic Dosing with Oral Acyclovir

S. Sacks etal 1961Effect of Antiviral Drugs on the Dissemination of Herpes Simplex Virusin Sensory Ganglia

R. J. Klein 1963

CONTENTS vii

Nature of Resistance to Acycloguanosine in a Clinical Isolate of Herpes SimplexVirus Type 1

G. Palu etal 1965Therapy of Recurrences of Genital Herpes with Topical Interferon

L. Eron etal 1967The Inhibitory Effect of Halovinyl Deoxyuridine on Varicella-zoster VirusReplication and Deoxynucleotide Metabolism

T. Yokota etal 1969IDU-resistant but Thymidine Kinase-positive Strain of Varicella-zoster Virus

S. Shigeta etal 1971Chorioretinitis in an AIDS Patient Treated Successfully with DHPG

L. R. Mathiesen etal 1973Comparative Evaluation of Safety of Intranasal Interferon Alpha-2 and Placeboin a Population of Healthy Individuals Aged 64 to 85

D. C. Robbins etal 1975Use of a Persisting Type 1 Herpesvirus-induced Cutaneous Infection in Nude Micefor Evaluation of Antiviral Substances

J. H. Huffman etal 1977

§12. Internal Medicine and Pediatrics

Treatment of Infective Endocarditis: A Recent Ten-year ExperienceT. Keys etal 1981

Staphylococcus aureus Endocarditis: Evaluation of in vitro and in vivo FactorsAffecting Treatment in 119 Cases

N. Frimodt-M0ller and F. Espersen 1983Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremias: New Patterns of Antimicrobial Resistance

M. D. Appleman etal 1985Prospective, Randomized Study of Cefotaxime vs Netilmicin vsCefotaxime + Netilmicin in Treating Serious Sepsis

R. Sage etal ). 1986Single Daily Administration of Ceftriaxone vs Chloramphenicol, Ampicillinor Cefotaxime Treatment in Childhood Meningitis

H. Peltola etal 1988Ceftriaxone in the Treatment of Purulent Bacterial Meningitis

M. A. Barros and F. Ornildo 1990Activity of Ceftriaxone in the Treatment of Sepsis and Meningitis

G. Gialdroni Grassi 1992Short Term Treatment of Typhoid Fever with Ceftriaxone

H. Y. Chung etal 1994Three-day Treatment of Typhoid Fever in Adults:Randomized, Comparative Study with Ceftriaxone vs Standard 14-dayCourse with Chloramphenicol

R. Lasserre etal 1996Ceftriaxone in the Treatment of Typhoid Fever

M. A. Barros and B. Oliveira 1998Increasing Fastidious Pathogens of Infective Endocarditis

Y. Sawae etal 2000

viii CONTENTS

The Role of Third-generation Cephalosporins in the Treatment of BacterialEndocarditis

K. Bruch 2002Rifampicin with Co-trimoxazole in Endocarditis Due to Methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus: Report of Three Cases

A. E. Parrinello etal •. ; 2004Emergence of Enterococci as Important Pathogens in Patientswith Malignant Diseases

K. Rolston etal 2006Serratia Bacteremia: An Analysis of 50 Episodes

M. Garcia De La Torre etal 2008The Cerebrospinal Fluid Penetration of Fusidic Acid and the CSF BactericidalActivity against Staphylococcal Species

I. W. Fong etal 2010Patterns of Piperacillin Levels in Neurosurgical Patients with Slightly to Moderatelyand with Severely Impaired Blood-CSF-barrier

O. Bruckner and M. Trautmann : 2012Cefotaxime in Childhood Meningitis

H. Lecour etal 2014Cefotaxime Therapy in Gram-negative Bacillary Meningitis

S. El-Krinawi and M. Alkan 2016Cefmenoxime Penetration into Cerebrospinal Fluid of Patients with BacterialMeningitis

G. Humbert etal 2018Ceftriaxone in Gram-negative Bacillary Meningitis

B. Sathapatayavongs etal 2020Antimicrobial Activity of Ofloxacin against Clinical Isolates of Haemophilusinfluenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Neisseria meningitidis

H. J. Dabernat etal 2022Salmonella Bacteremia in the Compromised Host:A Retrospective Survey in 27 Patients

J. W. van 't Wout etal 2024Treatment of Gram-negative Pneumonia in ICU Patients Using a Combinationof Selective Decontamination of the Oral Cavity and Antibiotics AdministeredBoth Intravenously and by Aerosol

Ch. P. Stoutenbeek etal 2026The Efficacy of Cefmenoxime in Respiratory Infection

H. Tanimoto 2028Tissue Penetration of Cefamandole and Tobramycin in Patients withSuppurative Lung Disease

L. D. Liebowitz etal 2030Efficacy of Ceftizoxime Administered Twice Daily for the Treatment of SeriousInfections in Hospitalized Patients

A. L. Lentnek etal 2032Amikacin in Complicated UTI and Gram-negative Sepsis:Clinico-pharmacokinetic Evaluation in Renal Failure

R. Konstantinovic 2034Seven-year Surveillance of Nosocomial Infections in Obstetrics and Gynecology

H.A. Hirsch etal 2036

CONTENTS ix

Clinical Studies on Pneumonia Due to Mycoplasma pneumoniaeY. Kobayashi etal 2038

Immunological Studies on Lower Respiratory Tract Infection withPseudomonas aeruginosa in Diffuse Panbronchiolitis

K. Yoshimura etal 2040Evaluation of the Systemic and Local Host Defence Mechanism in RespiratoryInfections

A. Okano etal 2042Early Onset Pneumonia: A Multicenter Study in Intensive Care Units

M. Langer et al 2044Comparative Clinical Evaluation of Moxalactam with Cefoxitin in Hospital-acquiredAspiration Pneumonia

B. Khandheria etal 2046Aztreonam or Ceftazidime as Single Agents versus Ticarcillin and Either Netilmicinor Tobramycin as Combined Therapy in the Management of Gram-negativeBacterial Pneumonia

L. A. Cone etal 2048Enoxacin in Lower Respiratory Tract Infections

W. J. A. Wijnands etal 2050Burn Immunity and Bacterial Infection

M. Ando and Y. Ando 2053Hospital-acquired Bacteremia and Fungemia in Adults:Analysis of Factors Influencing Prognosis

X. Latorre etal 2055Analysis of the Importance of Aminoglycoside-resistant Enterobacteriaceaein a Teaching Hospital

R. J. Cutler etal 2057The Nosocomial Infection in the Surgical Department:The Study of 6,415 Surgical Patients during 1980 and 1982

J.-P. Kim etal 2059Importance of Coagulase-negative Staphylococci in Patients with Cancer

K. Rolston etal 2061Epidemic Spread of Multiresistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a Cystic Fibrosis Center

S. S. Pedersen et al 2063The Management of Nosocomial Infections in Chronic Uraemic Patients

M. Papadimitriou et al : . . 2065Association of High Serum Bactericidal Titers and Serum Concentrationof Vancomycin with Favorable Outcome in Methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus Infections

J. J. Garaud etal 2067Intravenously Administered Apalcillin in the Treatment of Aerobic and AnaerobicInfections in Hospitalized Patients

M. Gurwith etal 2069Endotoxin Release from Bacteria Exposed to Ciprofloxacin and Other BactericidalAntibiotics

J. Cohen and J. S. McConnel 2071Protection from Endotoxaemia: A Rat Model of Plasmapheresis and SpecificAdsorption with Polymyxin B

J. Cohen etal 2073

x CONTENTS

Studies on the Antiendotoxin Properties of Taurolin in Animals and ManM.K. Browne etal 2075

E. coli Endotoxins Influence Drinking Behavior in the Rat:Role of Preoptic Prostaglandins

A. P. Caputi etal 2077Clinical Efficacy of Aspoxicillin on Severe Infections with Underlying Blood Diseases

H. Kawagoe etal 2079Nafcillin in Combination with Aztreonam or Tobramycin for EmpiricTherapy of Febrile Granulocytopenic Patients

S. J. Rehm and T. B. Dudzinski 2081A Preliminary Report of a Randomized Trial of Timentin and Tobramycin versusPiperacillin and Tobramycin in Febrile Neutropenic Patients

M. J. Mackie etal 2083A Collaborative Trial of Cefoperazone Plus Tobramycin versus Cefoperazone PlusTobramycin with Tobramycin Discontinued after 4 Days versus MezlocillinPlus Tobramycin as Empiric Treatment in Febrile Neutropenic Patients

J. Phair etal 2085Piperacillin Plus Cefotaxime or Ticarcillin Plus Cefoxitin as Empiric Therapyin Febrile Neutropenic Patients

J. L. Harkness etal 2087Effects of Cefmetazole on Infections Accompanying Granulocytopenia in BloodDisorders

F. Takaku etal 2089Clinical Evaluation of Combination of Cefmetazole and Piperacillin in the Treatmentof Infections in Patients with Acute Leukemia

T. Nagao etal 2091Combination Therapy of Cefmenoxime and Aminoglycosides for Infectionsin the Patients with Hematologic Diseases

K. Toyama etal 2093Clinical Study on Combined Therapy with Cefmetazole

S. Nakayama etal 2095Ceftazidime Therapy in the Immune-suppressed Host

M. E. Williams etal 2097Prophylactic Acyclovir and Therapeutic Ceftazidime for Infections duringInduction Treatment for Acute Leukemia in Adults

B. Lonnqvist etal : 2099Antibiotic Combination Therapy with Piperacillin and Cefmenoxime inImmunocompromised Patients

F. Vogel etal 2101Cefotaxime Plus Amikacin Followed by Flucloxacillin then AmphotericinB for Febrile Neutropenic Patients

W. J. Spicer etal 2103Randomized Comparison of Netilmicin and Piperacillin with Tobramycinand Piperacillin in the Empiric Therapy of Infections in Compromised Hosts

J. Bernstein etal 2105Choice of Empiric Antibiotics: An Epidemiologic Study of the Activityof Broad-spectrum P-Lactams and Aminoglycosides against Bacteria fromGranulocytopenic or Severely Traumatized Patients

J. Tenney etal 2107

CONTENTS xi

An Empirical Trial of Antibiotics in Febrile Neutropenic PatientsC. C. Kibbler etal 2109

Ciprofloxacin versus Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole Plus Colistin for Preventionof Infection in Granulocytopenic Patients

A. W. Dekker etal 2111Combined Use of Second-generation Quinolones and P-Lactams or Aminoglycosidesin the Treatment of Infections in Granulocytopenic Patients

M. Bakhtiar etal 2113The Use of Norfloxacin in the Prophylaxis of Neutropenic Patients

M. Corrado etal 2115Clinical Studies of Combined Therapy with Mezlocillin, Cephem Antibiotics,and Aminoglycosides against Infections Associated with HematopoieticDisorders

K. Itoh etal 2117Comparative Study of Piperacillin Plus Amikacin with Piperacillin Plus Cefoperazonein Granulocytopenic Patients with Fever: Initial Report of an Ongoing Study

M. Colon etal 2119Prophylactic Use of Ketoconazole in Immunocompromised Patients

S. Enenkel etal 2121Treatment of Life-threatening Cytomegalovirus Infections with i.v.Foscarnet in Immunocompromised Patients

O. Ringden etal 2123Cure of Cryptococcal Infections in Renal Transplant Patients withPreservation of Renal Function

A. J. Watson etal 2125Cefotaxime in Severe Infections in Patients on Renal Replacement Therapy

K. Matousovicetal 2127Netilmicin/Piperacillin Therapy for Severe Systemic Infections: Preliminary Data.A Comparative Multicenter Study vs Tobramycin/Piperacillin

R. R. Lorber etal 2129Clinical Experience with Netilmicin b.i.d. Therapy Plus Piperacillin in SevereSystemic Infections

P. Leal del Rosal etal 2131Treatment of Human Botulism

H. Lecour 2133Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome in Puerto Rico

H. F. Gorbea etal 2135Safety and Efficacy of Ceftazidime in Pediatric Infections

W. M. Gooch III 2137Ceftazidime as Initial Empiric Therapy of Infections in Compromised Children:Apropos of 96 Cases

C. Viscoli etal 2139The Efficacy of Ceftazidime in an Epidemic of Pseudomonas Infections in aNeonatal Intensive Care Unit

R. Lippens et al 2141Neonatal Pharmacokinetic Characteristics of Ceftizoxime

W. M. Gooch III et al 2143

xii CONTENTS

Reduction of Morbidity and Mortality Rates of Neonatal Group B StreptococcalDisease through Early, Rapid Diagnosis and Prophylactic Chemotherapy

D. V. Lim et al 2145Clinical Efficacy of Cefuroxime in the Treatment of Serious Pediatric Infections

C. M. Khurana 2147Clinical Evaluation of Efficacy and Tolerance of Fosfomycin in Severe Infectionsin Children

B. Grenier etal 2149Z 1282 (Fosfomycin Trometamol): An Antibacterial Agent as a Single Dose Therapyof Lower Uncomplicated Urinary Tract Infection in Children

L. A. Varese etal 2151Urinary Excretion of Antibiotics (Latamoxef, Ceftizoxime, Cefotaxime) in Infantswith Refluxing or Obstructive Uropathy

T. Arai etal 2153Randomized Double-blind Studies of Cefotaxime in ChildrenUndergoing Appendicectomy

T. A. McAllister etal 2155Cefotetan in the Treatment of Urinary Tract Infections in the Neonatal Period:Clinical and Pharmacokinetic Evaluation

G. Serra etal 2157Timentin Therapy of Acute Bacterial Infections in Children

W. Gooch III et al 2160Pharmacokinetics and Clinical Studies of Ceftizoxime Rectal Suppositoryin Pediatrics

S. Nakazawa etal 2162Single-blind Comparison of Cefuroxime Axetil and Penicillin V as Therapyof Group A P-Hemolytic Streptococcal Pharyngitis

W. Gooch III et al 2164Streptococci in the Throats of School Children in Saudi Arabia

A. A. Shokeir etal 2166Yearly Incidence of Antibiotic-resistant Haemophilus influenzae Isolated from PediatricPatients in Japan (1980-1984)

A. Nakamura et al 2169Safety and Efficacy of Ceftizoxime Therapy of Acute Bacterial Meningitisof Childhood

W. M. Gooch III etal .2171Developmental Pharmacokinetics of Piperacillin in Newborn Infants

T. T. Rubio etal 2173Study of Cefotiam in the Treatment of Premature Infants and Neonates

Chemotherapy Study Group for Mother and Child (Director: R. Fujii) 2175Chemical Basis of Drug Binding Defects in Newborn Infants

S. J. Wadsworth and B. Suh 2177Ceftazidime Treatment for Neonatal Sepsis

D. Low etal 2179Open Comparative Safety Pharmacokinetics and Efficacy Study of MezlocillinAlone Compared with Ampicillin and Amikacin in the Treatment of NewbornInfants with Suspected or Confirmed Sepsis: First Course of Treatment

F. Wirth etal 2181Advantages of i.v. Cefoperazone in Bowel Surgery in Children

E. Bingen etal 2182

CONTENTS xiii

§13. Urology

Multi-centre Study to Assess the Efficacy of Temocillin Used Prophylacticallyto Prevent Infection in Patients Undergoing Transurethral Resectionof the Prostate

E. W. Taylor etal 2187Intravenous Apalcillin in the Treatment of Complicated Urinary Tract Infection

M. Lee et al 2189A Comparison of Enoxacin and Trimethoprim/Sulfametoxazole in theTreatment of Patients with Complicated Urinary Tract Infections

C. E. Cox 2191A Comparison of Enoxacin and Trimethoprim/Sulfametoxazole in the Treatmentof Patients with Complicated Urinary Tract Infections

S. J. Childs 2193New Cephalosporins in the Treatment of Urinary Tract Infections and RespiratoryTract Infections in Hospitalized Patients: Clinical Review

G. Romanelli etal 2195One or Three Weeks Treatment of Acute Pyelonephritis? Result of a Double-blindStudy with Pivampicillin Plus Pivmecillinam

J. Zbornik etal 2197Clinical Studies of Efficacy of Piperacillin against Complicated UrinaryTract Infections

T. Ikeuchi etal 2199Single-dose Therapy of Urinary Tract Infection with 1 g Cefotaxime

V. Prat etal 2201Ceftriaxone Therapy in Complicated Urinary Tract Infections:A Comparative Evaluation

L. Bernstein Hahn etal 2203Treatment of Bacterial Cystitis with a Single Dose of Trimethoprim, Co-trimoxazoleor Amoxycillin Compared with a Course of Trimethoprim

R. R. Bailey etal 2205A Comparative Trial of Three Different Single Dose Antibiotic Regimens forUncomplicated Lower Urinary Tract Infection

R. Kemp etal 2207Norfloxacin versus Pipemidic Acid: A Comparative Microbiological and ClinicalStudy in Complicated Urinary Tract Infections

R. F. Frongillo etal 2209Treatment of Non-complicated Lower Urinary Tract Infections with FosfomycinTrometamol, an Orally Absorbed Salt of Fosfomycin, in a Short Course Therapy

M. Neuman etal 2211A New Fosfomycin Salt, Fosfomycin Trometamol (Z.1281):Pilot Trial of Its Effectiveness by Oral Single-dose in Primary, UncomplicatedInfections of the Urinary Tract

M. Moroni etal .2214Effect of Trimethoprim-Sulfamethopyrazine Association in Chronic Prostatitisof Different Etiologies

D. Di Trapani etal 2216Clinical Study of Chemotherapeutic Response on Three Types of Prostatitis Classifiedby Isolated Organisms

H. Tamai etal 2218

xiv CONTENTS

Effect of Residual Urine upon Chemotherapy in Complicated Cystitis:In vitro Experiments with a Bladder Model

Y. Ban etal 2220Bacterial Count in Urine

M. Kanematsu etal 2222The Bacteria Contaminating in Total Spontaneous Voided Urine

S. Ueda and K. Eto 2224Three-day and Seven-day Treatment of Acute Uncomplicated Cystitis

S. Arakawa etal. 2226Recurrence Rate in Acute Uncomplicated Cystitis by Chemotherapy for Seven Days

T. Hirose and Y. Kumamoto 2228Evaluation of Recurrence after Treatment of Acute Uncomplicated Cystitis

K. Okada etal 2231Background of the Patients with Complicated UTI Evaluated by the CriteriaProposed by the UTI Committee, Japan

Y. Ban et al , 2233Type of Infection, Drug Sensitivity and Clinical Efficacy in Complicated UrinaryTract Infections

Y. Shimizu etal 2235Study of the "Poor" Cases Evaluated by the Criteria of UTI Committeeon Treatment with New Cephems of the Third Generation

H. Kishi etal 2237Studies on Distribution of Bacterium and Antibiotic in Urine and Renal Tissueof Experimental Acute Pyelonephritic Dogs

S. Tsuchida etal. 2239Duration of Treatment Proper for the Evaluation of Drug Efficacies in ComplicatedUrinary Tract Infection

Y. Kawada etal 2241Duration (Days) Required for Evaluation of Orally Administered AntimicrobialAgents against Chronic Complicated Urinary Tract Infections

T. Matsumoto etal 2243Comparison of Therapeutic Results in 5-day and 10-day Chemotherapyin Complicated Urinary Tract Infections

S. Sakai etal 2245Treatment of Urinary Tract Infections with Pefloxacin:Efficacy, Safety and Pharmacokinetics

R. Wittenberger and A. Bauernfeind 2247Clinical Studies of Antimicrobial Prophylaxis of Recurrent Urinary Tract Infectionin Women: Long-term, Low-dose Cinoxacin Therapy

H. Nakano etal 2249Clinical and Bacteriological Evaluation of Ciprofloxacin in Treatment of UTIsof Para- and Tetraplegic Patients

D. Sauerwein etal 2251Clinical Experience in Complicated Urinary Tract Infection with Norfloxacin

A. Jaupitre etal 2253Clinical Evaluation of Lenampicillin (KBT-1585) in the Treatmentof Acute Uncomplicated Cystitis: A Double-blind Comparative Study with Bacampicillin

J. Kumazawa et al 2258Single Dose Cefotaxime in Urinary Tract Infection

B. F. Murphy etal 2260

CONTENTS xv

A Comparative Study on Efficacy of Cefminox (MT-141) and Cefotaxime in theTreatment of Complicated Urinary Tract Infections

J. Kumazawa et al 2262MK-0787/MK-0791 Treatment of Patients with Urinary Tract Infection

T. Tominaga etal 2264An Open Parallel Study of Cefuroxime Axetil vs Cefaclor in the Treatmentof Complicated Urinary Tract Infections

P. Nikolaidis etal 2266Once Daily Cefonicid versus Standard Dose Cefamandole in the Treatmentof Urinary Tract Infections Due to Enterobacter Species

C. E. Cox etal 2268Preliminary Analysis: Efficacy of Ceftizoxime in the Therapy of ComplicatedUrinary Tract Infections Due to Gram-negative Organisms Resistantto Multiple Antibiotics Including Ceftizoxime

C. E. Cox etal 2270Perioperative Use of Antimicrobial Agents for Infectious Complicationsin Prostatic Surgery

M. Shimamura etal 2272Relapse of Infections after Treatment of Complicated Urinary Tract Infectionand the Influence of Antibiotics in Urine to the Bacterial Test by Dip-slide

J. Ishigami etal 2274Studies on Drug Resistance in Escherichia coli Isolatedfrom Urinary Tract Infection Patients

P. K. Chang etal 2276Detection of P-Lactamase in Urine and Its Significance in Chemotherapyfor Urinary Tract Infection

M. Yamaha etal 2278Bacteriological and Architectural Studies of Infected Urinary Stones

H. Takeuchi etal 2280A Study of Urinary Tract Infections after Prostatectomy

T. Doi et al 2282Criteria for Diagnosis of Bacteriuria in Acutely Spinal Cord Injured Patientson Intermittent Catheterization

M. J. Gribble etal 2284Debridat Use in Micturition Disorders: Preliminary Report

S. Giacobini etal 2286Serious Bacterial Infections in Male Homosexuals

L. A. Cone etal 2288Preliminary Report on the Comparative Efficacy of Single Oral Doses of Amoxicillin/Probenecid vs. Cefuroxime Axetil/Probenecid in Uncomplicated Gonococcal Infections

I. W. Fong etal 2290Cefuroxime Axetil versus Augmentin for Oral Treatment of Non-complicatedUrogenital Gonorrhoea in Males and Females

M. F. Michel etal 2292The Role of Chlamydia trachomatis and Ureaplasma urealyticum in Genital Tract Diseases

Y.lto etal 2294Results of Treatment of Urinary Tract Infections with Cefotaxim

J. Wencel etal 2296

xvi CONTENTS

A Comparison of Temocillin and Temocillin Plus Probenecid in the Treatmentof Gonococcal Urethritis

R. C. Ballard etal 2297In vitro Susceptibility and Clinical Efficacy of Some New Antibiotics againstGonococci in Japan

S. Onodera etal 2299Antibiotic Sensitivity in Neisseria gonorrhoeae Related to Serovars and Auxotypes

I. Kallings etal 2301Activity of New Quinolone Antibiotics against Neisseria gonorrhoeae

H. Faruki etal 2303Ofloxacin, a New Quinolone or a New Pyridone Carboxylic Acid, in the Treatmentof Gonococcal Urethritis

D. Tanphaichitra etal 2305Effectiveness of Ofloxacin in the Treatment of Gonococcal and NongonococcalUrethritis

J. Chen and T. C. Hsu 2307Antibiotic Therapy for Chlamydia, Ureaplasma and Mycoplasma Infections Associatedwith Genitourinary Infections and Unexplained Infertility

D. Portnoy 2309Treatment of Acute Epididymitis with Minocycline

R. C. Ballard etal 2311The Kinetics of Action of Inosine Pranobex

F. Hoehler etal 2313Kaposi's Sarcoma and Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma in a Homosexual Malewith Human T-cell Lymphotropic Retrovirus (HTLV III) Infection

H. P. Katner etal 2315Inosine Pranobex in the Management of Recurrent Genital HerpesSimplex Infections

A. Glasky and R. Miller 2317Ofloxacin in Treatment of Uncomplicated Gonococcal Urethritis

A. S. C. Chan etal 2319Clinical Experience with Norfloxacin in the Treatment of Gonorrhea

M. Corrado etal 2321

§ 14. Surgery, Gynecology and Obstetrics

Bacterial Analysis of Postoperative Infection Over Ten YearsY. Yamada etal 2325

Statistic Analysis of Postoperative Infection:Changes in the Last 20 Years

A. Murakami etal 2327Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy Culture in the Assessment of Soft-tissueInfections Treated with Antibiotics (in Humans)

J. Turnidge et al 2329A Randomized Double-blind Trial of Ceftizoxime vs Cefoxitin for Therapyof Lower Extremity Infections in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus and/or PeripheralVascular Disease

C. Hughes etal .2331A Prospective Trial of Fucidic Acid and Gentamicin in Bone Cement

R. R. H. Coombs etal 2333

CONTENTS xvii

A Comparison of Cefsulodin and Conventional Therapy in Patientswith Osteomyelitis Due to P. aeruginosa

G. Trenholme etal 2335Latamoxef Disodium for Chronic Osteomyelitis

M. Beverly etal 2337A Randomized Comparative Study of Cefotetan and Cefotaxime in Patientswith Various Traumatic Infections

H. Hessler 2339Chemoprophylactic Implications of Enterococcal Infection in Surgery

J. I. Blenkharn 2342Comparative Trial of Ceftizoxime, Cefotaxime and Moxalactam in Treatmentof Bacterial Peritonitis

R. Nichols etal 2344Multicenter Comparative Study of the Safety and Efficacy of Ceftizoximein Peritonitis

A. Lentnek etal 2346A Prospective Randomized Study of Cefotetan and Piperacillin against Netilmicinand Metronidazole in the Treatment of Patients Presentingwith Generalized Peritonitis

G. Lindsay etal 2348Pharmacokinetics and Clinical Efficacy of Cefotaxime in Patients UndergoingContinuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis

H. Hasegawa etal 2350Treatment of Bone Infections with Gentamicin-containing Plastic Beads:Prognostic Value of Different Bacteriological Parameters

E. Borderon etal 2352Efficacy and Safety of Ciprofloxacin in the Treatment of Patientswith Skin and Soft Tissue Infections

L. Constable 2354Oral Flora Reduction with Rifampicin

P. C. Appelbaum etal 2356Penetration of Five Cephalosporins, Cefamandole, Cephapirin, Cefotaxime,Cefoxitin, and Cefuroxime in Bone

E. J. Perea etal 2358Single Dose Perioperative Prophylaxis during Prostatectomy:A Comparative Study of Gentamicin and Cefotetan

R. D. Leach 2360Chlorhexidine Irrigation Reduces Urinary Infections after Transurethral Operations:A Controlled Trial

R. A. Simpson et al 2362Hysterectomy Prophylaxis: Placebo vs Facultative vs Anaerobic Plus FacultativeAntibiotics

P. J. McDonald etal 2364Latamoxef in Hysterectomy Prophylaxis: Influence on Septic Complicationsand Colonizing Flora

H. McDonald etal 2366Comparative Penetration of Various P-Lactams into Purulent Ascites, Appendix Walland Other Tissues from Patients with Acute Peritonitis FollowingIntravenous Administration

T. Nakamura etal 2368

xviii CONTENTS

Perioperative Antibiotic Prophylaxis with Cefadroxil, Amikacin, and Metronidazolein Colorectal Surgery

T. Popiela etal 2370Cefotetan versus Established Antibiotic Therapy in the Treatment of AcuteIntra-abdominal Infections

I. G. Haynes etal 2372Cefotetan, a New Cephamycin for the Treatment of Intra-abdominal Infections

G. Rodolico etal 2374Antibiotic Management of Surgically Treated Gangrenous or PerforatedAppendicitis: A Preliminary Comparison of Aztreonam and Clindamycin versusGentamicin and Clindamycin

T. V. Berne etal 2376Comparative Evaluation of Ceftizoxime and Cefoxitin in the Treatment ofIntraabdominal Infections

M. A. Lou etal 2378Clinical Evaluation of Cefmetazole Sodium in Complicated GastroenterologicalInfections

T. C. Wei et al 2380Comparative in vitro Activity of Augmentin, Timentin, Cefotaxime, and Moxalactamagainst Bacteria Involved in Severe Postoperative Peritonitis

J. Carlet etal 2382Cefotaxime versus Ampicillin for Acute Cholecystitis Treated by Early Surgery:A Double-blind, Multicenter Trial

J. Lahtinen etal 2385The Concentration of Cefmetazole in Hepatic Tissue in Children withObstructive Jaundice Disease

T. Miyano etal 2387Antibiotic Prophylaxis in Biliary Surgery

F. Castro Sousa etal 2389Intraincisional Antibiotic in Addition to Systemic Antibiotic Treatment Failsto Reduce Wound Infection Rates in Dirty Abdominal Surgery

F. Moesgaard etal 2391Antibiotics in Acute Abdominal Surgery: The Combination of Ampicillin,Mecillinam and Metronidazole versus Cefoxitin Alone

B. Kasholm-Tengve and P. Bartholdson 2393Are Postoperative Wound Infections Prevented by an IntraoperativeUse of Antibiotics (Cefmetazole) or Peritoneal Lavage?

T. Utsunomiya etal 2395Evaluation of Efficacy of Prophylactically Used Antibiotics during OperationAdministered Intravenously by Drip Infusion in Gastroenterological Surgery

M. Kunimatsu et al 2397A Comparative Evaluation of Single Dose Cefotaxime and Cefuroxime in Preventionof Postoperative Infection Following Gastric Surgery

D. Gatehouse 2399A Comparative Evaluation of Cefotaxime and Cefamandole in the Preventionof Postoperative Wound Infection Following Abdominal Surgery

S. Sagar and N. Smith 2401

CONTENTS xix

Prophylactic Use of Cefotaxime in High-risk Biliary and Gastroduodenal Surgery:A Controlled Trial on Duration of Prophylaxis

F. Moesgaard etal 2403A Selective Policy of Antibiotic Administration in Biliary Surgery DoesNot Reduce Morbidity

N. S. Ambrose etal 2405A Prospective Double-blind Controlled Trial of Antibiotic Prophylaxisin Biliary Surgery

E. P. Dewar etal 2407Prophylactic Use of Cefotaxime in Elective Biliary Surgery

D. Sykes and A. Wu 2409A Multi-centre Study to Compare Piperacillin with Netilmicin and Metronidazolefor Prophylaxis against Infection Following Elective Colorectal Operations

E. W. Taylor etal 2411Efficacy of Oral Antibacterial Prophylaxis with Kanamycin and Ofloxacinin Gastrointestinal Operation

T. Saito etal 2413A Study of Prophylactic Oral Antimicrobial Agents in Elective ColorectalSurgery

S. Ono and S. Kato 2415Piperacillin versus Metronidazole for Prophylaxis of PostappendicectomyInfections: A Placebo-controlled, Double-blind Trial

J. Lahtinen etal 2417A Randomized Clinical Trial to Compare the Efficacy of a Single Preoperative Doseof Metronidazole, Cefotaxime or Moxalactam in Appendicectomy Prophylaxis:A Study of Early and Late Wound Infection

P. C. Gartell etal 2419A Comparison of Cefotaxime Alone and Cefotaxime Plus Metronidazolein the Management of Postoperative Wound Sepsis Following EmergencyAppendicectomy

J. B. Bourke etal 2421A Comparative Study of Metronidazole Alone against Metronidazoleand Cefotetan to Prevent Infection after Appendicectomy

E. W. Taylor etal 2423Ceftriaxone, a Long Acting Cephalosporin, with Metronidazole Is a More EffectiveCombination than Gentamicin with Metronidazole as a Single Dose Prophylaxisin Colorectal Surgery

A. Shepherd etal 2425Gentamicin Plus Metronidazole in Elective Colorectal Surgery:A Controlled Trial on Duration of Antibiotic Prophylaxis

M. Lykkegaard-Nielsen etal 2427Concentrations of Cefoperazone in Colonic Lumen: A Trial for AntibioticProphylaxis in Colorectal Surgery

J. P. Favre etal 2429Serum Pharmacokinetics of Prophylactic Antibiotics during Colorectal Surgery

D. W. Burdon etal 2431A Prospective Randomized Trial to Study the Bacteriological Efficacy of TetracylineLavage in Elective and Emergency Colorectal Operations

N. S. Ambrose etal 2433

xx CONTENTS

Comparison of Local Prophylaxis with Cloxacillin and Systemic Prophylaxiswith Flucloxacillin in Pacemaker Surgery: A Randomized Double-blindProspective Trial at Generator Replacements

G. Bluhm etal 2435Antibiotic Prophylaxis in Cardiovascular Surgery

S. Geroulanos etal 2437Antibiotic Prophylaxis in Vascular Reconstructive Surgery:A Double-blind Placebo-controlled Study

A. M. Worning etal 2439Prophylactic Antibiotics in Pulmonary Surgery: How Long; Which Cases?

K. Moghissi etal 2441Antibiotic Prophylaxis with Oxacillin in Lower Limb Vascular Surgery

Ph. Canton et al. 2443Cefamandole Prophylaxis for Clean Orthopaedic Surgery Requiring ProstheticDevices

J. M. Gatell etal 2445Flucloxacillin and Ceftriaxone in the Perioperative Prophylaxis of PatientsUndergoing Prosthetic Hip and Knee Surgery by a ProspectiveRandomized Trial

J. Ungemach and M. Winter 2447Cefonicid vs Cefamandole as Prophylaxis against Infections in Polytrauma Patients

E. Caplan etal 2449The Effects of the Peroral Combination of Pivampicillin/Pivmecillinam Givenas a Perioperative Short Antibiotic Course in Conjunction with TransurethralProstatic Resection

M. Grabe etal 2451The Effect of a Short and a Prolonged Perioperative Course of CiprofloxacinGiven in Conjunction with Transurethral Prostatic Resection

M. Grabe etal . 2453A Prospective, Randomized Comparative Study of Cefazolin, Cefoxitinand Cefotaxime Used for Elective Surgical Prophylaxis:A Report of 1,037 Cases

W. V. Wojeski and R. N. Jones 2455Single Dose Antibiotic Prophylaxis in Major Abdominal Surgery

M. Edelmann and W. Cullmann 2457Study on Postoperative Wound Infections in the Surgery of the Digestive Tract:Relation between the Contaminants in the Surgical Field and the IsolatedPathogens from the Infected Wound, and Effect of Prophylactic Use of Cefmetazole

E. Konaga etal 2459A Comparison of Piperacillin with Cefotaxime as Prophylaxis in Elective BiliarySurgery with Analysis of High Risk Factors

I. R. Townend etal '. 2461Efficacy of Cefmetazole against Postoperative Infections in Surgery

H. Kanno etal 2463Prophylactic Effect of Pretreatment with Polymyxin B and Tinidazole onPostoperative Infection in Colorectal Surgery

T. Hirayama et al . 2465A Multicentric Comparative Study of Cefotetan + Metronidazole vs MetronidazoleAlone in the Prophylaxis of Wound Infection in Patients Undergoing Large BowelOperations by a Prospective Randomized Trial

R. Hall etal 2467

CONTENTS xxi

A Single Centre Study of Cefotetan Plus Metronidazole versus Three DoseMetronidazole Treatment in the Prophylaxis of Wound Infection in PatientsUndergoing Large Bowel Surgery

P. W. R. Lee et al . 2468Emergence of Resistance against Prophylactically Used Antibiotics Is Preventedby Selective Decontamination of the Digestive Tract

Ch. P. Stoutenbeek etal 2470Perioperative Systemic Prophylaxis Using Cefotaxime during the Insertionof Ventriculo-peritoneal Shunts: A Prospective Study

A. Thierry etal 3472An Open Controlled Comparison of Imipenem (MK-787/MK-791) vsMetronidazole Plus Cefuroxime in the Prevention of Infectious MorbidityComplicating Colorectal Surgery

G. L. J. Sutton etal 2474Prophylaxis of Urinary Tract Infection and Sepsis Following TransurethralResection of the Prostate

E. D. Crawford etal 2476Antimicrobial Prophylaxis in Acute Abdominal Surgery: Comparison betweenMetronidazole-Gentamicin and Metronidazole-Fosfomycin

J. Lindhagen et al 2477Patterns of Aerobic Flora in Vaginal Smears from Girls and Adult Women

I. Wachter etal 2479Hormonal Background and Ureaplasma urealyticum Infection in Females

T. Iwasaka etal 2482Amikacin Sulphate in Gynecological Infections

S. Mantalenakis et al 2484A Comparative Study of Parenteral Cefotaxime and Mezlocillin in the ProphylacticTreatment of Hospitalized Patients Undergoing Vaginal Surgery (e.g. VaginalHysterectomy, Anterior or Posterior Colporrhaphy)

E. Goormans and F. Hogerhuis 2486Prophylactic Antibiotics for Vaginal Hysterectomy: A Comparison of Cefotaximeand Penicillin G versus a Control Group

F. Fischbach etal 2488Single-dose Mezlocillin Prophylaxis in Emergency Cesarean Section

R. Jaffe etal 2490Prophylactic Antibiotics in Obstetric and Gynecologic Surgery

M. Ishikawa etal 2492Comparative Study of the Safety and Efficacy of Cefonicid versus Cefoxitinin Prevention of Postoperative Infectious Complications FollowingGynecologic Surgery

S. F. Gordon 2494Studies on Bacterial Flora in Female Internal Genital Organs and Preventionof Postoperative Infection

M. Saitoh etal 2496An Evaluation of Pelvic Tissue Levels Following Oral Administration ofEnoxacin, a New Quinolone Antibiotic

S. A. Bates and M. G. Elder 2498Evaluation of a New Method for the Study of Epithelium-associated MicrobialFlora of the Vagina

E. T. Houang and Z. Ahmet 2500

xxii CONTENTS

Cefoperazone and Sulbactam versus Clindamycin and Gentamicin forPelvic Infections

D. Hemsell etal 2502Study of Cefotiam Treatment during Perinatal Period in Patients in Obstetricsand Gynecological Fields

Chemotherapy Study Group for Mother and Child (Director: R. Fujii) 2504Mother-to-infant Transmission of Chlamydia trachomatis in Perinatal Period

J. Yasuda etal 2506Comparison of Cefonicid and Cefoxitin for Prophylaxis in Vaginal Hysterectomy

T. W. Littlejohn etal 2508Treatment of Post-cesarean Section Endoparametritis with Oral Cephradineafter Initial Response to Parenteral Antibiotics

S. G. McNeeley etal 2510Metronidazole for Treatment of Post-cesarean Section Endomyometritis

I. Amon and K. Amon 2512The Efficacy of Antibiotic Prophylaxis in the Prevention of EndometritisFollowing Cesarean Section Delivery

L. G. Donwitz and S. M. Norris 2514Antibiotic Prophylaxis in Cesarean Section: Cephalothin versus Mezlocillin

M. Alkan and J. R. Lieberman 2517A Comparison of Alternative Methods of Administering ProphylacticAntibiotics at Cesarean Delivery

S. G. McNeeley etal 2519A Randomized Study to Compare the Efficacy and Safety of Mezlocillin versusClindamycin Plus Gentamicin in the Treatment of Postpartum Endometritis

S. Faro etal 2521A Randomized Study to Compare the Efficacy and Safety of Mezlocillin versusCefoxitin in the Treatment of Postpartum Endometritis

S. Faro etal 2523A Randomized Study to Compare the Efficacy and Safety of Clindamycin PlusGentamicin versus Cefoxitin in the Treatment of Postpartum Endometritis

S. Faro etal 2525Effects of Piperacillin, Clindamycin, Cefoxitin, Cefoperazone, CefotaximeTobramycin and Gentamicin in vitro on Polymorphonuclear Leucocytes fromLeucopenic Patients and from Patients with Severe Pelvic Inflammatory Disease

L. C. Ford and H. A. Hammill . 2527

§15. Miscellaneous Infections

Successful Treatment of Candida Endophthalmitis by IntravenousAmphotericin B and Flucytosine

O. Oelz etal 2531Management of Recurrent Vulvovaginal Candidiasis with Ketoconazole Prophylaxis

J. Sobel 2533Fungal Aeroallergens in Saudi Arabia

A. A. Shokeir etal 2535Treatment of Alveolar Echinococcosis with Albendazole (20 Cases)

A. Gerard etal 2538Evaluation of Antitoxoplasmic Activity of Drugs in vitro and in vivo

A. Terragna et al 2540

CONTENTS xxiii

Antimalarial Activity of Fucidic Acid in vitroF. T. Black etal 2542

A New Antimycobacterial Antibiotic, Dihydromycoplanecin A: I. In vitro Activitiesand Pharmacokinetics in Mice and Dogs

T. Haneishi etal 2544A New Antimycobacterial Antibiotic, Dihydromycoplanecin A: II. In vivo Activitiesof Dihydromycoplanecin A in Combination with Isoniazid on the ExperimentalMycobacterioses in Mice

H. Takahashi etal 2546Rapid Culture of Mycobacteria Using Bactec: The Inhibitory Effect of PACT

P. Wilson etal 2548Major Antibiotic Susceptibility of the Clinically Isolated Atypical Mycobacterium Strains

T. Arai etal 2550Assessment of Therapeutic Efficacy of Antifungal Agents in the Animal Modelof Dermatophytosis Based on the Quantity of Chitin in the InfectedDermal Tissues

K. Uchida and H. Yamaguchi 2552Effect of pH on in vitro Antifungal Drug Sensitivity Testing

D. Ellis etal. .. . 2554Carufo/a-induced Prostatic Infections: Clinical Experience with Ketoconazole

W. Bischoff 2556Mechanism of the Fungicidal Action of SF 86-327, a New Allylamine-

Antimycotic AgentN. S. Ryder etal 2558

Comparison of in vitro Activity of Five Antifungal Compounds against ClinicalIsolates of Candida albicans in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

A. H. Ishag etal 2560Effects of OK-432 on Antibody Forming Cells against TrinitrophenylatedSheep Red Blood Cells

Y. Mizoguchi etal 2563Gastroenteritis in Children in Saudi Arabia with Special Reference to RotavirusInfection: One-year Study

A. A. Shokeir etal 2565Cytomegalovirus Infection in Renal Transplant Recipients

K. Shindo etal 2568Safety and Immunogenicity of a Booster Dose of Acellular Pertussis ComponentDTP Vaccine

M. Deitch etal 2570The Value of Administering a Polyvalent Bacterial Vaccine in the Preventionof Pneumonia

K. Suzuki etal 2572Hypersensitivity Reactions against Antimicrobial Chemotherapeutics in Japan

H. Okubo etal 2574Effect of Antibiotics on Immediate Hypersensitivity Reactions in vitro: Suppressionof IgE-mediated Histamine Release from Human Peripheral Basophilsby Fosfomycin

S. Ida et al 2576An Early Cellular Effect of Cyclosporin A Is Membrane Potential Changein Human and Mouse Lymphocytes

A. Aszalos etal 2578

xxiv CONTENTS

Infection with an Acyclovir-resistant Virulent Mutant of Herpes Simplex VirusJ. W. M. van der Meer etal 2580

Synergistic Inhibitory Effect of Acyclovir and Human Interferon on the Growthof Herpes Simplex Virus in vitro

H. Kawaguchi etal 2582Effect of Antiviral Agents on the Uptake of 131I-Labeled(£)-5-(2-Iodovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridine in Herpes Infected Cells

M. J. Gill etal 2584Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism of [131I]-(£)-5-(2-Iodovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridinein Dogs

J. Samuel etal 2586Trial of Inactivated Japanese Encephalitis Vaccine in High-risk Children

A. Yamada etal 2588Pharmacokinetics of FIAU in Rats and Monkeys

R. H. Barbhaiya and K. A. Pittman 2590Human Cytomegalovirus Induced Host Cell Membrane Permeabilityto Hygromycin B

M. P. Landini etal 2592Monoclonal Antibodies Reacting with Nuclear, Cytoplasmic and MembraneAntigens of Human Cytomegalovirus Infected Cells

M. La Placa etal 2594Alpha-interferon Treatment in Chronic and in Acute Fulminant H.B.V. Hepatitis

P. Consoli etal 2596

§16. Adverse Side Effects

Adverse Reactions in Treatment with Aminopenicillins: Data and SomeMethodological Aspects from Large International Clinical Research Programs

M. Blomqvist etal 2601The Influence of New Cephems on the Intestinal Flora

S. Iwata etal 2603Effect of Three New P-Lactams (Amoxicillin + Clavulanic Acid, Aztreonam,Imipenem) on Aerobic Fecal Flora in Infants and Children

J. C. Borderon etal 2605Influence of Cephalosporins III Generation with Varying Biliary Eliminationon Fecal Flora and Emergence of Resistant Bacteria during Therapy

J. P. Guggenbichler etal 2607Influence of Ten Oral Antimicrobial Drugs upon Eight BiochemicalMicroflora-associated Characteristics in Healthy Subjects

T. Midtvedt etal 2609P-Lactam Antibiotics Inhibit Fibrinogen Binding to Human Platelets in vitro:A Model for Platelet Alteration in vivo

D. Heinrkh etal 2611Hemostasis under Treatment with 3rd-generation Cephalosporins

K. Andrassy 2613Bleeding Abnormalities in Patients Treated with Ticarcillin, Mezlocillinor Piperacillin Plus Tobramycin in a Double-blind Randomized Clinical Study

P. Somani etal 2616Kinetics of a Methyltetrazolylthiomethyl Group and Bleeding Tendencies in Animals

Y. Sato etal 2619

CONTENTS xxv

A Study on Cephalosporin and Related Antibiotic-induced ConvulsionsS. Hori etal 2621

Reduction of Dibekacin-induced Nephrotoxicity in Combination with Fosfomycinor Glucaron Sodium

I. Nakayama etal 2623Protective Effects of Fosfomycin on Cisplatin-induced Renal Toxicity in the Mouse

K. Tanaka etal 2626The Importance of Na Loading on Amphotericin B Nephrotoxicity Consideringthe Combination with 5 Flucytosine and Ticarcillin

H. Heidemann etal 2628Acute Renal Failure Produced by Combining Cyclosporine and Brief Ischemia:Urine Sodium Effects

D. J. McGraw etal 2630Mitochondrial Function in Experimental Gentamicin Nephrotoxicity

W. M. Bennett etal 2632In vitro Model and Semi-empirical Conformational Analysis to Study and Comparethe Intrinsic Nephrotoxicity of Aminoglycoside Antibiotics

P. M. Tulkens etal 2634Reduced Nephrotoxicity of Gentamicin in Uremic Rats Using a Combinationwith Fosfomycin

G. Sterner etal 2636Analyses of Inductive and Nephrotoxic Potential of Antibiotics:Aminoglycosides and Cephalosporins

G. Heinert and W. Mondorf 2638Comparative Evaluation of the Nephrotoxicity and Effects on ProthrombinSynthesis of Cefotetan and Gentamicin

B. Trollfors etal 2641Lesser Nephrotoxicity with Cefotaxime Compared to a Cephalosporinand Aminoglycoside Antibiotic Combination

P. Jacobs 2643Animal Study on the Nephrotoxic Potential of Gentamicin-CeftazidimeCombination Treatment at Low Doses

M. B. Carlier etal 2645Biochemical Study on Nephrotoxicity of Gentamicin in Rats

M. Nakazono et al 2647Nephrotoxicity of Antibiotics in Unilateral Renal Dysfunction

S. Okada etal 2649Urinary N-Acetyl-P-glucosaminidase Activity in Patients ReceivingAminoglycoside Therapy

K. Fujita etal 2651Prospective, Comparative, Randomized Clinical Study of AminoglycosidesGiven Once a Day versus Three Times a Day in Severe Infections

L. Nordstrom et al 2653Evaluation of the Nephrotoxic Potential and Pharmacokinetics ofOfloxacin under Multiple Dose Conditions

M. Verho etal 2655Studies on the Developmental Mechanism of Hemorrhagic Tendency

K. Sunakawa etal 2657

xxvi CONTENTS

Clinical Study of the Cause and Treatment of Plasmatic CoagulationDisorders Associated with Cephalosporins

C. D. Schwigon and D. Barckow 2659Influence of Antibiotics on Hemostatic Mechanism

Y. Iida etal 2661Effect of Latamoxef, Ceftriaxone and Cefotaxime on Blood Coagulationin Patients with Intraabdominal Surgery

W. Graninger et al 2663Effect of Indomethacin and Diclofenac on the Renal Handling andNephrotoxicity of Gentamicin in Rabbits

B. Fantin etal 2665Effects of Cefotaxime on the Fecal Flora in Children

N. Lambert-Zechovsky et al 2667Microbiological Implications of the Use of Cefoxitin Suppositories

L. J. Dunn etal 2669The Effects of Oral Antimicrobial Agents upon Tryptic Activity in Feces

K. E. Norin and T. Midtvedt 2671Mechanism of Mitochondrial Damage of the Surviving Hair Cells in Guinea PigsTreated with Aminoglycoside

M. Akiyoshi etal 2673In vitro and in vivo Studies of Ureidopenicillins: Immunogenicity and Cross-reactivity

A. Foca etal 2675The Contracting Mechanism of Gentamicin on the Isolated Tracheal Muscleof the Guinea Pig

S. Yamada 2677Effect of Hydroxylation of the 2', 6'-Diaminohexose Moiety on the IntrarenalAccumulation of Aminoglycoside Antibiotics: Comparison between Kanamycin B,Tobramycin, Dibekacin, and Gentamicin

L. Giurgea-Marion and P. M. Tulkens 2679

§17. Antibiotic Policy

The Impact of Control on the Utilization of Cephalosporins in SurgicalProphylaxis in a Teaching Hospital

M. Y. Ma and J. P. Rho 2683Therapeutic Substitution of Cephalosporins, an Effective Cost ContainmentMeasure in a Community-based Teaching Hospital

T. Madhavan etal 2685Inappropriate Use of a Third-generation Cephalosporin in a CommunityHospital: Effect on Cost and Prescribing Patterns of Physicians

T. Madhavan etal 2687Is Acyclovir Prophylaxis in Bone Marrow Transplantation Cost Effective?

L. G. F. Sinnige etal 2689The Effect of Introducing Cost Information on the Antibiotics Expenditurein Hospitalized Patients

E. Rubinstein etal 2691Role of the Clinical Microbiology Laboratory in Antibiotic Cost Containment:A Community Hospital Experience with Prior in vitro Evaluationand Reporting Systems

T. Madhavan etal 2693

CONTENTS xxvii

Knowledge-based Antibiotic Therapy Selection Counselling System: AnticipatorM. Kimura etal 2695

Post-marketing Surveillance of Cefmetazole: Results of Five-year Survey in JapanCefmetazole PMS Review Committee 2697

Computer-evaluated Control of Infection in Internal and Surgical Care UnitsG. Scherbel etal 2699

Workshop Summaries

Antibacterial Concentration-response Relationships in vitro, in Animalsand in Patients

H. C. Neu 2703Antibiotic Suppositories

R. Fujii and G. H. McCracken 2709Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

K. Shimada 2716Ciprofloxacin: Antimicrobial Activity, Pharmacokinetics and Clinical Evaluation

G. K. Daikos and K. Mashimo 2720A New Quinolone Compound (Pefloxacin): Antimicrobial and Clinical Activity

T. Nishino 2725Host Defense and Antibiotics

P. G. Quie 2728Ofloxacin: A New Quinolone Antibacterial Agent

S. Mitsuhashi and G. K. Daikos 2730A Practical Evaluation of a Significant Advance in Antibiotic Therapy

J. S. Remington 2735Macrolides: A Review and the Outlook for Future Developments

J. P. Butzler and H. Kobayashi 2738A Review of New Oral Cephem

K. Shimada and R. C. Moellering, Jr 2740Clinical Advances in Antiviral Therapy

P. S. Lietman 2747Interferon Alpha-2: Pre-clinical and Clinical Evaluations in Viral Diseases

D. A. J. Tyrrell 2749Combination Therapy with Immunoglobulin and Antibiotics againstSevere Infections

R. Fujii 2751The Clinical Significance of Indirect Pathogenicity and the Role ofP-Lactamase

S. Mitsuhashi 2753fJ-Lactamase Blocking Agents

Y. Ueda etal 2756Penicillinase-producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae

P. Piot 2762Recent Advances in Cephalosporins in the Control of Opportunistic Pathogens

K. Ishibiki and L. O. Gentry 2764Monobactams: A New Approach to Antimicrobial Therapy

H. C. Neu and Y. Ueda 2768Treatment of Bacteroides Infections

S. M. Finegold and K. Ueno 2773

xxviii CONTENTS

Serum Bactericidal Assay: Technical Aspects and Clinical CorrelationsJ. Klastersky and H. Standiford 2775

Mixed Surgical InfectionsS. L. Gorbach 2776

Progress in the Treatment and Prevention of Polymicrobial InfectionsH. Kobayashi etal 2778

Economics of Ceftriaxone UseL. Eron 2782

Teicoplanin: A New Clinical Candidate for Treatment of SevereGram-positive Infections

G. Gialdroni-Grassi etal 2785Role of Infection in Perinatal Morbidity 2790

Indexes

Author Index 2793Subject Index . 2829Disease/Pathogen Index 2834Compound Index 2838Abbreviations of Antimicrobial Agents Recommended bythe Japanese Society of Chemotherapy 2843

Contents of Antimicrobial Section 1Special Lecture 1Symposia 11§ 1. New Antimicrobial Agents, Microbiology and Biochemistry 235§ 2. Diagnostics and Susceptibility 431§ 3. Pharmacokinetics 623§ 4. Experimental Infection 747§ 5. Immunology 789

Contents of Antimicrobial Section 2§ 6. Cephem Antibiotics 875§ 7. Penem and Penam Antibiotics 1187§ 8. Monobactams 1329§ 9. Macrolide Antibiotics 1403§ 10. Quinolone Antibacterials 1513