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Anatomy & PhysiologyAnatomy & Physiology
Study of human Study of human biology is divided biology is divided into into two primary areas.two primary areas.
1. Anatomy - (Greek Ana = up, tome cutting) field of 1. Anatomy - (Greek Ana = up, tome cutting) field of study that describe the study that describe the
A. Gross Anatomy - study of body structures that are A. Gross Anatomy - study of body structures that are
B. Microanatomy - level B. Microanatomy - level only.only. Histology - .Histology - .
C. Systematic Anatomy - Studies body structure C. Systematic Anatomy - Studies body structure (skeletal, muscular).(skeletal, muscular).
D. Regional Anatomy - with in a D. Regional Anatomy - with in a given region (head, leg).given region (head, leg).
2. Physiology - (Greek physio = 2. Physiology - (Greek physio = nature, logic=study)nature, logic=study)
A. Human physiology – Study of A. Human physiology – Study of specific specific
B. Cellular & Systemic Physiology – B. Cellular & Systemic Physiology – emphasizesemphasizes
Structural Levels of OrganizationStructural Levels of Organization
Small (Simple) to Large Small (Simple) to Large (Complex) (Complex)
Characteristics of LifeCharacteristics of Life1. 1.
2. 2. Anabolism - build upAnabolism - build up
Catabolism - break downCatabolism - break down
3. 3.
4. 4.
5.5.
6. 6.
Homeostasis - Balance of Homeostasis - Balance of LifeLife
Internal environment is Internal environment is to the world around itself.to the world around itself.
2. Positive feedback - rare in a healthy body because 2. Positive feedback - rare in a healthy body because a change in normal statea change in normal state
Health & DiseaseHealth & Disease
Disease any reduction from theDisease any reduction from the
Acute –Acute –
Chronic –Chronic –
Symptoms - sensations, dizziness, painSymptoms - sensations, dizziness, pain
Diagnosis - identifying a disease from its symptomsDiagnosis - identifying a disease from its symptoms
Classification of diseaseClassification of disease1. Congenital -1. Congenital -
Can be inheritedCan be inheritedMay cause deathMay cause deathEx. Ex.
2. Immunological – 2. Immunological – Defense reaction by white blood cells (WBC’s)Defense reaction by white blood cells (WBC’s)Ex.Ex.
3. Metabolic3. Metabolic
May cause death trauma.May cause death trauma.Ex.Ex.
4. Neoplastic4. Neoplastic
Ex.Ex.
Correct Anatomical PositionCorrect Anatomical Position
1. Facing1. Facing
a. a.
2. Palms2. Palms
a. a.
b. b.
Body Planes (imaginary planes)Body Planes (imaginary planes)
3 Basic Types3 Basic Types
Sagittal – Sagittal –
Midsagittal - Midsagittal -
Parasagittal -Parasagittal -
2. Frontal -2. Frontal -
3. Horizontal – 3. Horizontal –
halves Cross Section halves Cross Section (transverse).(transverse).
Body Cavities (Spaces)Body Cavities (Spaces)
2 Major2 Major1. Dorsal Cavities1. Dorsal Cavities
2. Ventral Cavities2. Ventral Cavities - upper- upper
a. a.
Abdominal Pelvic Abdominal Pelvic CavityCavity
a. a. b. b. separate separate the 2 cavitiesthe 2 cavities
Body Cavities (Spaces)Body Cavities (Spaces)
2 Major2 Major1. Dorsal Cavities1. Dorsal Cavities
Cranial CavityCranial CavityVertebrate CanalVertebrate Canal
2. Ventral Cavities2. Ventral CavitiesThoracic - upperThoracic - upper
a. Pleurala. Pleuralb. Pericardialb. Pericardial
Abdominal Pelvic Abdominal Pelvic CavityCavity
a. Abdominal a. Abdominal cavitycavityb. Pelvic Cavityb. Pelvic Cavity
Diaphragm separate the 2 cavitiesDiaphragm separate the 2 cavities
Cavities are covered by Cavities are covered by membranesmembranes
Serous Membrane –Serous Membrane –
..
a. Visceral –a. Visceral –
b. Parietal - b. Parietal -
c. usually fluid between the two to c. usually fluid between the two to reduce friction by body movement.reduce friction by body movement.
Cavities are covered by Cavities are covered by membranesmembranes
2. - Surrounds the heart.2. - Surrounds the heart.
3. – Covers the lungs.3. – Covers the lungs.
4. – Lines the abdominolpelvic cavity.4. – Lines the abdominolpelvic cavity. A. – fused peritoneum to support organsA. – fused peritoneum to support organs B. – behind the peritonium.B. – behind the peritonium.