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Anatomy of tracheobronchiole and lung segment The term "tracheobronchial tree" or "respiratory tree" refers to the structures of bronchi and bronchiole s that terminate with the alveolar ducts, sacs, and, finally, alveoli - that are contained within the lungs. These are the structures through which air passes into the body (usually through the nose/mou th then the trachea). Therefore these structures are also referred to as " airways". Larger structures The trachea divides to form the right- and left- primary bronchi (as shown). Each of these divide into lobar bronchi - which supply air to each of the lobes of the lung. The lobar bronchi divide into segmental bronchi - which supply air to areas of the lung that are calledbronchoplumonary segments. Bronchopulmonary segments are functionally and anatomically distinct from each other - which matters because a segment of diseased lung can be removed surgically without adversely affecting the rest of the lung. Areas of tracheobronchial tree furthest from the trachea are collectively called the "distal respiratory tree". Above: Anterior View of the Tracheobronchial Tree Distal Respiratory Tree (lower airways) As shown above, the finest (narrowest) of the bronchial air tubes are called "terminal bronchioles". These lead to "respiratory bronchioles" which are even smaller tubes whose structure is different from the terminal bronchioles. Respiratory bronchioles are lined by ciliated cuboidal epithelium surrounded by smooth muscle. The respiratory bronchiole s are covered by small "air cells" called alveoli. Alveolar ducts connects alveoli to the respiratory bronchiole to which they are attached. Respiratory bronchiol es and alveolar ducts occupy very similar positions on diagrams but are distinguish ed physically by the differences between the structure of their walls and the t issues that line

Anatomy of Lung Segment Sem 3 Week 2

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