Anatomy, Lecture 12, Blood Supply of the Gastrointestinal Tract (Slides)

8/8/2019 Anatomy, Lecture 12, Blood Supply of the Gastrointestinal Tract (Slides)

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Blood Supply of the

Gastrointestinal Tract


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1. Celiac Artery

The lower one third of the

esophagus to the middle

of the second part of the

duodenum

very short 12th thoracic vertebra

surrounded by the celiac

plexus

behind the lesser sac of

peritoneum. branches:

the left gastric, splenic,

and hepatic arteries


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a. Left Gastric Artery

runs to the cardiac

end of the stomach

esophageal branches

along the lessercurvature of the

stomach.

It anastomoses with

the right gastric

artery


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b. Splenic Artery

runs to the left in a wavy

course

along the upper border of

the pancreas

behind the stomach.

Branches

Pancreatic branchesleft gastroepiploic artery

short gastric arteries


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The left gastroepiploic artery

near the hilum of the spleen

reaches the greater curvature of

the stomach in the gastrosplenic

omentum. along the greater curvature of

the stomach between the layers

of the greater omentum.

It anastomoses with the right

gastroepiploic artery


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The short gastric arteries

five or six in number

arise from the end of

the splenic artery and

reach the fundus of

the stomach in the

gastrosplenic

omentum.

They anastomose with

the left gastric artery

and the leftgastroepiploic artery


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c. Hepatic Artery

runs forward and to the right

and then ascends

At the porta hepatis it divides

into right and left branches to

supply the corresponding

lobes of the liver.

Branches:

The right gastric artery

The gastroduodenal arteryThe right and left hepatic

arteries


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Branches of the Hepatic

The right gastric artery

arises from the hepatic

artery at the upper border

of the pylorus

runs to the left along thelesser curvature of the

stomach

It anastomoses with the left

gastric artery


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The Gastroduodenal artery

descends behind the first part of

the duodenum

divides into:

right Gastroepiploic artery runsalong the greater curvature of the

stomach

superior pancreaticoduodenal

artery descends between the

second part of the duodenum and

the head of the pancreas .


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The right and left hepatic

arteries

enter the porta hepatis.

The right hepatic artery

usually gives off the cysticartery,


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2. Superior Mesenteric Artery

The middle of the second part of

the duodenum as far as the

distal third of the transverse

colon.

runs downward and to the rightbehind the neck of the pancreas

and in front of the third part of

the duodenum.

continues downward to the

right ends by anastomosing with the

ileal branch of its own ileocolic

branch


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Branches:

The inferior pancreaticoduodenal

artery

passes to the right

along the upper border of thethird part of the duodenum and

the head of the pancreas.

It supplies the pancreas and the

adjoining part of the duodenum.


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The middle colic artery

runs forward in the

transverse mesocolon

supply the transversecolon

divides into right and

left branches


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The right colic artery

is often a branch of the

ileocolic artery.

It passes to the right

supply the ascending

colon

divides into ascending and

descending branches


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The ileocolic artery

passes downward and to theright.

superior branch

anastomoses with the right

colic artery

inferior branch anastomoseswith superior mesenteric

artery.

The inferior branch gives rise

to the anterior and posterior

cecal arteries the appendicular artery is a

branch of the posterior cecal

artery


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The jejunal and ileal

branches

12 to 15in number

arise from the left side of

the superior mesenteric

branching and

anastomosis( arcades).

Fewer arcades supply the

jejunum than supply the

ileum.


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3. Inferior Mesenteric Artery

The distal one

third of the

transverse colon to

halfway down the

anal canal. runs downward

and to the left

crosses the left

common iliac

artery (becomes

the superior rectal

artery


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Branches

The left colic artery

runs upward and to the left

distal third of the

transverse colon, the left

colic flexure, and the upper

part of the descending

colon

ascending and descending

branches.


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The sigmoid arteries

two or three in

number

descending andsigmoid colon


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The superior rectal artery

continuation of the inferior mesenteric artery as it crosses the left

common iliac artery

the rectum and upper half of the anal canal

anastomoses with the middle rectal and inferior rectal arteries.


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***Marginal Artery

The anastomosis of the colic arteries

ileocecal junction -------- superior rectal

artery


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Venous Drainage

drains to the liver by the portal venous system.

The proximal tributaries drain directly into the portal vein

distal tributaries correspond to the branches of the celiac artery and the

superior and inferior mesenteric arteries


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Hepatic Portal Vein

drains lower third of the esophagus to halfway down the analcanal

enters the liver and breaks up into sinusoids

The portal vein is about 2 in. (5 cm) union of the superior mesenteric and splenic veins behind the neck

of the pancreas

ascends to the right, behind the first part of the duodenum, and

enters the lesser omentum.

begins as a capillary plexus and ends as a capillary plexsus


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Tributaries of the PortalVein

1. Splenic vein: leaves the

hilum of the spleen and

passes to the right in the

splenicorenal ligament

unites with the superiormesenteric vein behind

the neck of the pancreas

to form the portal vein

receives the short gastric, left

gastroepiploic, inferior

mesenteric, and

pancreatic veins.


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2. Inferior mesenteric vein:

ascends on the posterior

abdominal wall and

joins the splenic vein

receives the superiorrectal veins, the sigmoid

veins, and the left colic

vein.


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3. Superior mesenteric vein:

ascends in the root of the

mesentery

passes in front of the 3rd part of

the duodenum

joins the splenic vein

receives the jejunal, ileal,

ileocolic, right colic, middle colic,

inferior pancreaticoduodenal,

and right gastroepiploic veins


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4. Left gastric vein

drains the left portion of the

lesser curvature of the

stomach and the distal

part of the esophagus.

5. Right gastric vein: drains

the right portion of thelesser curvature of the

stomach

6. Cystic veins

drain the gallbladder directly

into the liver or join theportal vein

Documents

Anatomy, Lecture 12, Blood Supply of the Gastrointestinal Tract (Slides)