Anatomy Chapter 18

Chapter 18

Cardiovascular System

My heart will go on

Function of heart: pump

Function of heart: pump

The functional cardiovascular system is vital for supplying oxygen and nutrients to tissues and shipping CO2 and waste from them.

Chapter 18 Cardiovascular SystemThe heart

• Position• Pericardium• Layers • Cardiac valves and their functions• Four heart chambers• Pulmonary and systemic circuit• Summary of heart chambers• Coronary artery

Heart Position

Midsternal line

2nd rib

Diaphragm

Sternum

Location ofapical impulse

Heart Position

Heart Position

– In mediastinum between second rib and fifth intercostal space

– On superior surface of diaphragm

– Two-thirds of heart to left of midsternal line

– Anterior to vertebral column, posterior to sternum



Pericardium

Pericardium

Pericardium: double-walled sac

• Fibrous pericardium

• Serous pericardium: parietal and visceral




Fibrous pericardium

Superficial;

Protects, anchors to surrounding structures, and prevents overfilling




Serous pericardium

• Deep two-layered




Parietal pericardium

lines internal surface of fibrous pericardium




Visceral pericardium

• Epicardium

• on external surface of heart




Pericardium: parietal and visceral

Two layers separated by fluid-filled pericardial cavity

Decreases friction

Pericardium: pericardial cavity

Pericardium: Cardiac tamponade

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qTE3nnr-7mk



Layers of the Heart Wall

Layers of the Heart Wall

EpicardiumMyocardiumEndocardium

Layers of the Heart Wall: Three layers

– Epicardium: Visceral layer of serous pericardium

– Myocardium

– Endocardium:



– Myocardium: Cardiac muscle cells

– Endocardium:



– Myocardium: Cardiac muscle cells

– Endocardium: Simple squamous epithelium



Cardiac valves

Cardiac valves: Mitral and tricuspid

Cardiac valves: Aortic and pulmonary

Cardiac valves: four

Mitral valveTricuspid valveAortic valvePulmonary valve

My try AP.



Semilunar valves

Atrioventricular valves


Pulmonary valve

Aortic valve

Mitral valve

Tricuspid valve






Semilunar valves


Mitral valve

Mitral valve

• Separates left atrium from left ventricle



Semilunar valves


Tricupid valve

Tricuspid valve

• Separates right atrium from right ventricle



Semilunar valves


Aortic valves

Aortic valves

• Separates left ventricle from aorta supporting all the body except lung

Aortic valve incompetence



Semilunar valves


Pulmonary valve

• Separates right ventricle from pulmonary artery coming toward lung

Aortic valve

Pulmonary valve

Mitral valve

Tricuspid valve

Cardiac valves: sound



Functions of cardiac valves

One way movement of bloodSeparation

Functions of cardiac valves (1):Mitral and tricuspid valve

One way movement of blood: from atria to ventriclesSeparating atria to ventricles

Functions of cardiac valves (2):Aortic and pulmonary valve

One way movement of blood: from ventricles to bodySeparating ventricles from body



Four Heart Chambers

Valves separate atria from ventricles

Septa separate left from right

Four Heart Chambers

• Right atrium

• Right ventricle

• Left atrium

• Left ventricle

Four Heart Chambers

Left atriumRight

atrium

Left ventricle

Right ventricle

Four Heart Chambers

• Right atrium

• Right ventricle: to lung

• Left atrium

• Left ventricle: to all body except lung

Four Heart Chambers

• Right atrium: from all body except lung


• Left atrium: from lung


Four Heart Chambers: systemic circuit





Pulmonary circuit: pulmonary circuit







Pulmonary and systemic circuit

Pulmonary circuit:

lung

Systemic circuit:

All body except lung


Pulmonary circuit:

lung

Systemic circuit:



Systemic circuit: Four Heart Chambers





Systemic circuit

Left ventricle


Right atrium

Pulmonary circuit:

lung

Systemic circuit:



Pulmonary circuit: Four Heart Chambers





Pulmonary Circuit

Right ventricle

lung

Left atrium



Summary of heart chambers

Left atriumRight

atrium

Left ventricle

Right ventricle


• Right atrium


• Left atrium


Left ventricle: to all body except lung

From left atrium, To aorta, To all body except lung

Left ventricle: aorta


• Right atrium


• Left atrium


Right atrium

From all body except lung, through superior and inferior vena cava, to right ventricle


• Right atrium


• Left atrium


Right ventricle:

From right atrium, To pulmonary artery, To lung


• Right atrium


• Left atrium


Left atrium

From lung, then pulmonary vein, To left ventricle


From To

Left ventricle

Left atrium Aorta, then all body except lung

Rightatrium

All body except lung,then superior and inferior vena cava

Right ventricle

Right ventricle

Right atrium Pulmonary artery,then lung

Left atrium

LungThen pulmonary vein

Left ventricle

• Pulmonary artery: deoxygenated blood

• Pulmonary vein: oxygenated blood

Oxygen-rich,CO2-poor blood

Oxygen-poor,CO2-rich blood


From left ventricle, aorta, all body except lung, vena cava to right atrium, taking oxygenated blood away from the heart to body and then carries deoxygenated blood back to heart.

Summary of heart chambers: Systemic circulation

from right ventricle, pulmonary artery, lung, pulmonary vein, left atrium, carrying deoxygenated blood away from the heart, and then return oxygenated blood back to heart

Summary of heart chambers: pulmonary circulation

Summary of heart chambers: atrium

• Receiving chambers of heart:

– Right atrium

Receives blood returning from systemic circuit

– Left atrium

Receives blood returning from pulmonary circuit

Summary of heart chambers: ventricle

• Actual pumps of heart:

– Right ventricle

Pumps blood into pulmonary circulation

– Left ventricle

Pumps blood into systemic circulation

Summary of heart chambers: atrium Vs. ventricle

• Ventricle is thicker walls than atria

• Left ventricle is normally thicker than right one.


• Equal volumes of blood pumped to pulmonary and systemic circuits

• Pulmonary circuit short, low-pressure circulation

• Systemic circuit long, high-friction circulation


https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oE8tGkP5_tc



Coronary artery

Anterior interventricularartery

Coronary artery

Coronary artery

Rightcoronaryartery

Rightmarginalartery

Posteriorinterventricularartery Anterior

interventricularartery

Leftcoronaryartery

Circumflexartery

Characteristics of Coronary Artery

• Functional blood supply to heart muscle itself.

– Delivered when heart relaxed

– Cannot compensate for coronary artery occlusion

Treatment of coronary artery occlusion

Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA)

Homeostatic Imbalances of coronary artery

• Angina pectoris

– Thoracic pain caused by fleeting deficiency in blood delivery to myocardium

– Cells weakened

• Myocardial infarction (heart attack)

– Prolonged coronary blockage

– Areas of cell death repaired with noncontractile scar tissue

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Anatomy Chapter 18