Anatomical Terminology - DR. LEE SPARTANS SCIENCE · Anatomical Terminology 1. Define the following terms: anterior midline transverse (cross) section posterior medial sagittal (longitudinal)

Name _______________________________________________ Date _______________ Period __________

Dissection of the Fetal Pig 1

Dissection of the Fetal Pig Lab Practical

A study of anatomy of the fetal pig (scientific name – Sus scrofa) is particularly valuable, for the anatomy of the pig closer to that of human beings than is the anatomy of other laboratory animals commonly studied. Both pigs and human beings lack much of the body hair of other mammals, both have a dentition and digestive tract adapted to omnivory, and adult pigs are closer to the size of adult human beings than cats or rats are.

Anatomical Terminology 1. Define the following terms:

anterior midline transverse (cross) section

posterior medial sagittal (longitudinal) section

dorsal proximal frontal section

ventral distal biped

medial superficial incision quadruped

lateral deep incision digitigrade

2. Label the following diagram using the terms listed above.

External Anatomy 1. How old is your pig?

___________________________________________________________________________________________

2. How many pairs of appendages does the pig have? ___________________________________________________________________________________________

3. What are the functions of the skin? a. _____________________________________________________________________________________ b. _____________________________________________________________________________________ c. _____________________________________________________________________________________ d. _____________________________________________________________________________________ e. _____________________________________________________________________________________

ANATOMOCAL TERMINOLOGY

A. _______________________

B. _______________________

C. _______________________

D. _______________________

E. _______________________

F. _______________________

G. _______________________

H. _______________________

I. _______________________

J. _______________________

K. _______________________

I

K

J

H G

C

D

F

E

A

B

Note: The shaded boxes above refer to the type of incision represented by the

plane going through the pig.

Name _______________________________________________ Date _______________ Period __________


f. _____________________________________________________________________________________ g. _____________________________________________________________________________________ h. _____________________________________________________________________________________ i. _____________________________________________________________________________________

4. Name and describe the two layers that the skin is separated into:

a. _____________________________________________________________________________________ b. _____________________________________________________________________________________

5. How are the hooves and the epidermis related?

___________________________________________________________________________________________

6. What are the four readily identifiable areas of the piglet (refer to figure 3). ___________________________________________________________________________________________

The Head 7. Is the snout of the piglet made of cartilage or bone? ________________________________________________ 8. What is the function of the external nares?

___________________________________________________________________________________________

9. What are the pinnae? _________________________________________________________________________ 10. What is the function of the external auditory meatus?

___________________________________________________________________________________________

11. What is the function of the nictitating membrane and where is it? ___________________________________________________________________________________________

12. Does your piglet have eyelashes? _______________________________________________________________

The Trunk 13. What are the two parts of the trunk? ________________________ and _______________________________ 14. How many toes does the pig have

___________________________________________________________________________________________

15. Does the pig walk on all of its toes? ___________________________________________________________________________________________

16. Is the umbilical cord attached to the dorsal or ventral side of your piglet? (circle one) 17. The ____________________________ carries blood low in oxygen, and high in waste products from the fetus to

the placenta. 18. The ____________________________ is larger, and thinner-walled, which returns oxygenated blood and food to

the fetus. 19. The __________________________ region of the trunk is encased by the ribs and the __________________ region

contains the liver, intestines, and kidneys. 20. The ____________ is the terminal (in the most posterior position) opening of the digestive tract.

Male and Female 21. The male is identified by the _________________________________________________________________. 22. The testes of the male lie in the ___________________________________. 23. The urogenital opening of the male is located on the ___________________ (dorsal or ventral) side and is posterior

to the umbilical cord. 24. Where is the penis located?

___________________________________________________________________________________________

Name _______________________________________________ Date _______________ Period __________


25. Do both the males and females have mammary papillae? ___________________________________________________________________________________________

26. How many pairs of mammary papillae do you count in your specimen? _________________________________ 27. Do all specimens in the class possess the same number of papillae? ____________________________________ 28. Is your specimen male or female? How do you know?

___________________________________________________________________________________________

Name _______________________________________________ Date _______________ Period __________


The Muscular System

1. Why is the skin difficult to remove from the muscle? ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________

2. How are adductors different from abductors? ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________

3. How are flexors different from extensors? ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________

4. What are the functions of the pectoralis major and minor? ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________

5. What movement is produced by the latissimus dorsi and the trapezius muscles? ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________

6. How are the brachialis and biceps brachii different from the triceps brachii? ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________

7. What muscles are found in a ham? ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________

8. What is a muscle fiber? Explain how a muscle fiber is involved in a muscle contraction. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________

Name _______________________________________________ Date _______________ Period __________


9. Label the diagrams below.

Name _______________________________________________ Date _______________ Period __________


Digestive System 1. What is the function of the digestive system?

___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________

2. What organs are involved in the digestive system? ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________

3. What accessory organs are involved in the digestive system? ___________________________________________________________________________________________

Oral Cavity 4. Where does the digestive system begin?

___________________________________________________________________________________________

5. What are the functions of the teeth? ___________________________________________________________________________________________

6. How does saliva aid in digestion? ___________________________________________________________________________________________

7. What structures are responsible for keeping food out of the nasal cavity when we eat? ___________________________________________________________________________________________

8. As food passes from the mouth to the esophagus, how does the epiglottis help prevent choking? ___________________________________________________________________________________________

9. Using the lab manual, label the following diagrams:

In what area of the fetal pig is this section located? __________________________________________. Label it.

Name _______________________________________________ Date _______________ Period __________


What is the name of the structure below? _____________________________. Label it.

Respiratory System 1. What is the function of the respiratory system?

___________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. What is the larynx?

___________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. How is sound produced?

Name _______________________________________________ Date _______________ Period __________


___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________

4. The trachea is the tube that connects the __________________ with the ______________________________. 5. What structure keeps the trachea from collapsing? How?

___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________

6. What is the function of the ciliated cells along the trachea? ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________

7. Where is the esophagus located in relationship to the trachea? ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________

8. Is the esophagus a part of the digestive system? ___________________________ 9. The trachea leads to the lungs, where it branches into two tubes known as the _______________________ (plural =

________________________). Inside the lungs, the ____________________ tubes further divide into ____________________________, and finally into very fines tubes known as __________________________, ______________ is exchanged here.

10. Each lung is divided into sections known as _________________; there are __________ on the right side and ________ on the left side.

11. Where are the pulmonary veins and arteries located? ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________

12. What is the diaphragm? ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________

13. What organs are located anterior to the diaphragm? ___________________________________________________________________________________________

14. What organs are located posterior to the diaphragm? ___________________________________________________________________________________________

15. What must happen in order for the lungs to expand so that you can inhale?

___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________

Name _______________________________________________ Date _______________ Period __________


Name _______________________________________________ Date _______________ Period __________


Circulatory System 1. What is the function of the circulatory system?

___________________________________________________________________________________________

2. What organs are involved in the circulatory system? ___________________________________________________________________________________________

3. What is the advantage of the four-chambered heart of mammals over the three-chambered heart? ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________

4. In what way does the pericardium serve the heart? ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________

5. In what ways are the left and right sides if the heart different? ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________

6. What is the difference between arteries, veins, and capillaries? ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________

7. Why is it an advantage for arteries to have elasticity? ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________

8. Compare pulmonary circulation with systemic circulation. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________

9. Why is it important for the fetal heart to have both the ductus arteriosus and the foramen ovale, but not good for the adult heart to have these features? ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________

Name _______________________________________________ Date _______________ Period __________


Name _______________________________________________ Date _______________ Period __________


Urinary System 1. What organs are involved in the urinary system?

___________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Describe the function of the organ(s) listed in question number two.

___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________

3. Why does a pregnant woman need to empty her bladder more often as she gets closer to her delivery date? ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________

4. If you drink large amounts of salt water, what do you think this will do to your urinary output…will it increase or

decrease? Why? DON’T FORGET TO ANSWER WHY!

___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________

5. Label the diagram below.

Name _______________________________________________ Date _______________ Period __________


Reproductive System 1. What is the function of the reproductive system?

___________________________________________________________________________________________

2. What organs are involved in the reproductive system of a female pig? ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________

3. What is the purpose of germ cells? ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________

4. How is it that a sow (mature female pig) can have a litter (multiple births) of piglets? ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________

5. What is the main role of the ovaries? ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________

6. How is the oviduct different from the ovary? ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________

7. What organs are involved in the reproductive system of a male pig? ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________

8. Why do you think it is an advantage for pigs to have long uterine horns and a small uterine body, and not the opposite? ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________

Label the diagram below:

Name _______________________________________________ Date _______________ Period __________


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Anatomical Terminology - DR. LEE SPARTANS SCIENCE · Anatomical Terminology 1. Define the following terms: anterior midline transverse (cross) section posterior medial sagittal (longitudinal)