Anand-paris Sewer System

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Pa ris : Roma ntic c ity, c ity of light e tc .

One of its ma jor a sp ec t is itsund erg round world i.e . Its sewer system .

a r s s rs sewer sys em wa s u n e1200's :

It c onsiste d of op en troughs that ran d ow n.

It wa s not ve ry effec tive a nd c ontrib uted tothe sp rea d of d isea ses suc h a s the Bla c kDeath .

The first unde rground sewe r wa s b uilt in1370 b enea th the Rue Montma rtre, and

d ra ined into a trib uta ry of the Seine River .

The Sewers were exp a nd ed slowlythroughout the next 400 yea rs .



By 1826 , the Pa ris sewers wereIn t errib le sha p ete rrib le sha p e

,spade .Unc log ge d unma intained sew ers.

Ha rd ene d sew a ge rea c hes the c eiling .

1830 and 1848Riots we re initia ted a g a inst the ric h, the d oc to rs a nd the sta te .

1832–35d eva sta ting c ho lera ep id emic s(in 1848–49,1884 &1892)killed 20,000 out o f a tota l po pulation of 650,000 s rea d a nic in ric h a nd oo r uarters a like.

Between 1832-34

14 km sewer lines were la id .

Ova l floors to ma ke flushing out ea sier.

A well ma intained sewer, it wa s believed, wouldA well ma intained sewer, it wa s believed, would

By 1840 , the sewer system wa s a lrea d y up to 96 km.

c om a seasec om a sease an revo u on.an revo u on.



In June 1853,

Emperor Napoleon III appointed B a r o n G e o r g e s - Eu g e ` n e H a u s s m a n n a sPré´Fet d e la Seine , with resp onsib ility for therec onstruc tion of Paris .

In som e neighb ourhoo d , populationdensit rea c hed numb ers of 100,000

people/km 2 in c ond ition of very po orsanitation.

b ega n to fa il towa rd s the end of the 1860s.

These ro ec ts were effec tivel financednot by loan, but by b ond s sold throughthe Ca isse d es tra vaux d e Pa ris (Paris worksfund) q uite outsid e of p a rlia ment c ontrol.



The dec ree of 26 March 1852 reg a rd ing the,

Ha ussma nn's a p p ointm ent, esta b lished the ma in

jud ic ia l tools:

The c ity c ould ac quire buildings plac edalong the a venues to be c onstruc ted , wherea searlier it could onl ac uire the build in s

p la c ed d irec tly on the future c onstruc tion site .

Those who owned b uild ing s were req uiredto c lea n and refresh the fac ades every tenyears.

The leve lling of the streets of Pa ris, theb uild ings' a lignments a nd c onnec tions to thesew er were reg ula ted .



The a uthorities intervened a t the sa me time toreg ulate the dimensions of buildings and even onthe aesthetic aspe c t of their fronta ges:

The 1859 regulations for urb a n p la nning in Pa ris

17.55 mete rs (57.5 ft) to 20 meters (65.6 ft) instree ts wid er tha n 20 mete rs. The roofs need ed tostill have a 45 deg ree incline.

Co nstruc tion a long the new a venues had toc om p ly with a set o f rules reg arding outside

.

Neighbouring buildings had to ha ve their floors at

the same height , a nd the faç ades main lines hadto e t e sa me .

The use of quarry stone wa s ma nda tory along.

fea tures of a n immense p a lac e.



The na tural inc line of the river b a sin.

Haussmann appointed engineer Belgrand for sewer reconstruction .

o ve o , or g ra v y o omost o f the w ork.

slop ed 3c m to the m ete r so a s not tob e to o sli e r fo r the se we r m ena ll sew er a rteries were ta ll eno ugh to

work sta nd ing up .The la rger ones ha d p a ths a long sid e

e sewer.worked like a c ap illa ry netw ork,

running to la rge c ollec tor sewers.ra rel flood ed a nd c a rried street a nd

household water only.

Ha ussma nn d id not w a nt his wo rk co ntam inate d with huma n exc rem ent.d esire to sep a ra te ‘ c lea n’ storm wa ter from ‘ d irty’ huma n wa ste

c onc ep tion o f an o rd erly flow of w a ter throug h urb a n sp a c e.Pla n wa s rejec ted in Pa ris on the g round s of c ost.









Early toilets were c ast iron tanks c onnec ted tocesspools ; the trad itiona l c era mic toilet w ith a w a tera n a p pea rs a e en o e c en ury.

In 1852 , a reversa l in polic y sta ted tha t homes were to

have d irec t sewer hook-up for wa stewa ter, besides the

Rec onstruc tion o f the sewers d ea ls with:-

.

.

only a fifth of priva te dwellings were c onnec ted a tthis time.c ontinua tion in the wo rk of night-soil c ollec tors .

o Ce ssp ool c lea ne rs unloa d the ir b a rrels a t La Villette.o Solid wa ste wa s sent in hermet ic a lly sea led c onta iners b y b oa t.o Liq uid s were sent b y a p ip eline to Bond y. . This op erat ion c ontinued until the, .o Twenty-four sub urb a n d ump site s existed in 1880.o Used p rofita b ly in no rthe rn Fra nc e a s a fertilizer for a g ric ulture.o Ma nufa c ture of sa ltp etre fo r g unpo wd er.

.



In 1857Sew er rec onstruc tion p rog ra mme b eg a n in

earnest.

.

First m a jor p rojec t w a s the c onstruc tion of theCollec teur Ge´ne´ra l d ’ Asnie`res, a newellip tic a l struc ture a p proxima tely 14 fee t higha n ee w e.

In the 1870s,

tolerated.Enginee rs, inc lud ing Mille a nd Dura nd -Claye , p ush for "tout-a-l'egout,"ie. a ll in the sewer .

e c ty w a s se rve y a ne tw or o 348 m es o sewers

1870 -1880 The a rgume nts for a nd a ga inst for c esspoo l usag were fought throug h out.Those a ga inst it were

o The c essp oo l c lea ning c om p a nieso A la rge p a rt of the m ed ic a l estab lishment.o Ha ussmann & Belg ra nd



Free installationFree installation wa s offered for c onnec tion

From 1881, Felix Nadar Photo of Water mains in Sewers 1861

to pipe d wa ter supp lies of rising ma insb ec a use inc rea sed wa ter usa ge w ould

nec essita te the rec onstruc tion a nd morerec onstruc tion a nd more

p rop erties rem a ined sep a ra te from thesewer system.

The introduction of running water into the bathroom happened in this period, as many feel that water and cold tiles were unhealthy . .

Workers lived in filth, as bathhouses and laundry cleaning were too expensive.

Sep a ra te und erground p a ssa ges for drinking wa ter a nd sew a ge usingiron p ip ing a nd d igging tec hniques made possible b y the IndustrialRevolution.



In 1883,A regula tion w a s p a ssed for furnished b uild ings to

Felix Nadar Photo of the Sewer System 1861Sewer Visits are at 93 Quai D'Orsay in the 7th Arrondissement

have one toilet for eve ry 20 peo p le & a lso la wsgo verning the g a rb a ge c ollec tion a nd stree t

cleaning .

Cho lera's fina l ma jor rea p p ea ra nc e ra ised p ub licsupp ort for "tout-a -l'eg out."

In 1892 ,

,sewers to d isp ose of exc rements a nd must p a y for the servic e.

In 1894link be twee n p riva te d wellings and the sew er system wa s fina lly m a d eobligatory,

o Due to rising wa ter usa ge (w hic h doub led b etwee n 1870 and 1890)o ue to t e c o era ep em c s o 1884 an 1892 eventua yove rwhelmed the trad itiona l relia nc e o n c essp oo ls.

In 1899,

The beltway sewer was closed, ending the dumping of untreated sewerage in the Seine.



The end of "p ure Ha ussma nnism" c a n b e tra c edto :-

urban leg islation of 1882 and 1884 that b roke with

the uniformity of the c lassical stree t , in permitting-

level architecture.

the la tter wo uld d evelop g rea tly after restrictionswere further loosened in a 1902 law .

All the sa me, this p eriod wa s merely "post-",

Nap oleo n-era a rc hitec ture, without c a lling intoq uestion the urb a n p la nning itself.

The Paris sewers opened for pub lic.



Len th of sew er line=2300 km.

It is one the world la rgest & old estsewer line .

It is ma inta ined b y mere 650 wo rkers.

Entire system is linked with 18000 dra in& 13000 ma nholes.

ewer correspon s exac t y as t estreet a b ove in d irec tion o f stree t

a b ove in d irec tion & size.

Wid e tunne ls for Gra nd Bouleva rd &sma ll stree t ha ving sma ll sewer.



The who le sewer system is labyrinth(c omp lex system of pa ths or tunnels) inneed of c onstant rep air b y Paris sewerauthority.

very p a rt o sew er s nspec te orc rac ks, holes, leaks.

g a y mappe e w o e sewersyste m a nd c ontrolled & inspec ted through a softwa re c a lled Tigr’.

Entire sewer system is broken into 28000 sec tion ea c h identified by stree t

.

Twice a year every sec tion o f sewer is

tigr’



Whole c ity o f Pa ris is wi-fi ena b led .-

roof top of build ings & o ffic es whose

fibre op tic c ables a re run throug h .Everything is underground drinkingwa ter, c a b les.



It is d one by workers for c hec king c rac ks,leaks & holes to the p art whic h is ac c essible ,a nd da ta is feeded through softwa re & a notherworkers a re sent there for repa iring

the sewe r line upto 160 mm dia , a rmed withblade to sc rap up mineral deposit & cut roo tstha t a re pene tra ted the p ip e. it a lso me a surea ng le o f inc lina tion. Ano ther rob ot sent toma ke rep a irs .

,detec tor, drowning hook for sa fety mea sures.

Sew er is b loc ked ma inly b ec a use of sa ndused in c onstruc tion w ork, d uring ra inysea son its got into sewer, the sa nd withva rious ma c hine rem ove b y va c uuming o r b y

.



Ba sed on c onc ep t of natura l forc e o f moving w a ter.

forwa rd .wa ter level roses more p ressure built a largeblade infront pushes sand & g rid into p it floo r worker tocollect.



Sew er line ha s c a p a c ity of triple the amount ofnormal sewer , so it func tion w ell d uring ra iny sea son.

The rain sensor in ma in sewer c onsta ntly measures

the wa ter level.

The exc ess flow c hannelled , trough most sa turatedto least.

If a ll the sewer bec om e saturated exc ess flow isc hannelled in dozen large reservoir a c ross the c ity.

ac tiva te the fail safe .

45 wa terwa y liking the sewer system to river Sa ine ,automat ca y sa e va ve opens, an waterdisc harge stra ight into the river.

.



It is loc a ted in sub urb s with zero p ollution .

They trea ted sewa ge ve rtic a lly selfc onta ined sea led system.

.In this c ube they trea t sew a ge a s muc h inc la ssic a l p la nt c overing 223 hec ta re. It isd o ne b a se d o n ra vit & um .

Vertica l system inc rea ses 5 time s effic ienc y

In this p roc ess liquid & solid a re sep arated . In

Dec a nta tion (tra d itiona l)

tra t on ways, t s one or zonta y over manyhec ta re a long the series of g ia nt b a sin.Co stly wa ys p la nts a re expe nsive to built & oc c upyhu e track o f land .



Proc ess

,series of b iolog ic a l trea tment , orga nic a lly c leansedthe w ater by ad ding mic roorga nisms.

Then o xyg en is mixed , bac teria multip lied b y millionsc onsuming waste by the tank , then by trea ting itleaves behind pure trea ted water.

The ba c teria & sullage leaves be hind goes up insmoke , p rac tices in smoke is filte red & trap resultsmoke rec lose harmless, odourless ,

Trea ted wa ter goe s to river Saine.300 million litre is siphoned throug hSiene River & pumped in water trea tment p lant to serve the wa terneeds.



References: ‐

WikipediaThe Paris sewers and the rationalization of urban spaceAuthor ‐Matthew Gandywww. rans ucency.com re e par spro ec n ex. mPlumbing And Household Sanitation", by J. Pickering Putnam.

www.1902encyclopedia.com



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Anand-paris Sewer System