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i
i FINAL ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (ESMP)
February, 2018
ANAMBRA STATE GOVERNMENT - NIGERIA
Submitted to the
Ministry of Environment, Beautification and Ecology,
Awka – Anambra State
FINAL ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (ESMP)
FOR FEDERAL HIGH COURT - EKWUEME SQUARE
GULLY EROSION SITE
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ii FINAL ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (ESMP)
FINAL ENVIRONMENTAL SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (ESMP)
FOR
FEDERAL HIGH COURT - EKWUEME SQUARE GULLY EROSION
SITE
AWKA – ANAMBRA STATE
SUBMITTED TO
MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT, BEAUTIFICATION AND ECOLOGY,
AWKA – ANAMBRA STATE
February, 2018
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iii FINAL ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (ESMP)
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Title Page i
1.1 1.2 Table of Contents iii
List of Tables vi
List of Figures vi
List of Abbreviations vii
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY viii
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Background/ Overview of NEWMAP in Nigeria 1
1.2 General Description of intervention site 2
1.3 The intervention work (Civil Works) 3
1.4 Need for ESMP for the Proposed Intervention Work 4
1.5 Objectives of this Environmental and Social Management Plan 4
1.6 Approaches for Preparing the Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP)
5
1.6.1 Desk Review of Relevant Project Working documents 5
1.6.2 Community/ Stakeholders’ Engagement 5
1.6.3 Site visit and Scopin3 5
1.6.4 Identification of Potential Impacts and Mitigation Measures 6
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 POLICY AND REGULATORY FRAMEWORK 7
2.1 Institutional Framework 7
2.2 Relevant Nigeria Acts and Legislations 8
2.2.1 Anambra State Legislations 9
2.3 World Bank’s Environmental and Social Guidelines 10
2.4 World Bank Safeguards Policies triggered by NEWMAP proposed activity 11
2.5 International Guidelines 12
2.6 Nigeria EIA Guidelines and World Bank EA Guidelines 12
2.7 Making the ESMP Responsive to Good Practice 14
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 BIOPHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT OF PROPOSED PROJECT SITE
15
3.1 Anambra State 15
3.1.1 Physical Environment 15
3.2 Overview of Awka 17
3.3 Overview of the Project Area 18
3.4 Biophysical Environment of the Gully Erosion Site 20
3.4.1 Physical Environment 20
3.4.2 Biological Environment of Awka 21
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 SOCIO-ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS AND CONSULTATION WITH STAKEHOLDERS
24
4.1 Socio-Economic Assessment 24
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4.1.1 Gender Distribution of PAPs 24
4.1.2 Relationship to Household Head/ Gender 25
4.1.3 Relationship to Household Head versus Social Group 26
4.1.4 Age Distribution of PAPs 26
4.1.5 Average household size of PAPs 27
4.1.6 Category of PAPs 27
4.1.7 Awareness/ Perception of PAPs on the NEWMAP Intervention 27
4.1.8 Indigeneship 27
4.1.9 Income status of PAPs/ Poverty Level 28
4.2 Secondary Data Collection 29
4.3 Geotechnical Analysis 31
4.3.1 Soil Analysis 31
4.3.2 Water Quality Analysis 32
4.3.3 Noise Level Assessment 33
4.4 Summary of Consultations with relevant Stakeholders and Project Affected Persons
35
4.4.1 Consultative meetings with the SPMU 35
4.4.2 Project Affected Persons (PAPs)/other Stakeholders’ Engagement 35
CHAPTER FIVE
5.0 ASSESSMENT OF POTENTIAL ADVERSE IMPACTS AND ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES
37
5.1 Impact Identification and Evaluation 37
5.2 Rating of impacts 38
5.3 Potential Environmental and Social Impacts of the Project 40
5.3.1 The Project Benefits 40
5.3.2 Negative Impacts 40
5.3.3 Irreversible Environmental Changes 41
5.3.4 Cumulative /Secondary Impacts 41
5.3.5 Environmental justice 42
5.4 Analysis of Project Alternatives 47
5.4.1 Rock Lined Chute option 47
5.4.2 Wood Drop Structure option 48
5.4.3 Vegetated Over Fall Structure option 48
5.4.4 Project Alternatives 48
5.5 The Preferred Alternative 50
CHAPTER SIX
6.0 ENVIRONMENTAL & SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (ESMP)
51
6.1 Mitigation Measures 51
6.2 Residual Impacts after Mitigation 51
6.3 Enhancement of Positive Impacts and Reduction/Avoidance of Negative Impacts
51
6.4 Environmental and Social Management Plan 53
6.5 Waste Management Plan 63
6.6 Maintenance and Inspection of Treated Gully 63
6.7 Gender Issues 64
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6.8 Environmental Monitoring and Auditing 64
6.8.1 Site Inspection and Monitoring 65
6.8.2 Site Inspection and Maintenance 65
6.8.3 Site Inspection Frequency 66
6.8.4 Vegetation Establishment Monitoring 66
6.8.5 Maintenance Problems 67
6.8.6 Inspection and Maintenance Reports 67
6.8.7 Environmental Monitoring 67
6.9 Reporting Procedure 67
6.9.1 Complaints Register and Environmental Incidents 67
6.9.2 Record keeping 68
6.10 Environmental and Social Impact Mitigation Monitoring Plan 68
6.11 Disclosures and Public Consultation Plan 68
6.12 Institutional Arrangement, Capacity Building & Training 75
6.12.1 Institutional Arrangement 75
6.12.2 Capacity Building & Training 78
6.14 Review and Revision of the ESMP 81
6.15 ESMP Budget and Schedule of Work 82
6.16 ESMP Funding Source 83
6.17 Contractor HSE Offier 83
6.18 ESMP Reporting Obligation 84
CHAPTER SEVEN
7.0 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION 85
REFERENCES 86
8.0 ANNEXES 88
8.1 Terms of Reference for the Preparation of an Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP)
88
8.2 General Environmental Management Conditions for Construction Contracts
95
8.3 Sample Socio Economic data collection Form 103
8.4 ESMP Disclosure Process 108
8.5 Attendance Sheets for Stakeholders’ Engagement 110
8.6 Minute of meetings during consultation with SPMU, PAPs and other
Stakeholders
110
8.6.1 Minutes of meeting between the Consultants and the PAPs on 11/1/18 110
6.6.2 Minutes of meeting between the Consultants and the PAPs on 12/1/18 111
6.6.3 Minutes of meeting between the Consultants and the PAPs on 13/1/18 112
8.7 PAPs’ Affidavit 113
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LIST OF TABLES
Table Description Page
Table 1.1 Federal High Court – Ekwueme Square Main and Finger Gully Features 2
Table 2.1 Triggered Safeguard Policies 11
Table 3.1 Some common plants found within the project community 22
Table 4-1 Distribution of Households by Type of Housing Unit 29
Table 4-2 Distribution of household by sources of water supply for domestic use 30
Table 4-3 Distribution of Regular Household by Type of Toilet Facilities 30
Table 4-4 Distribution of Regular Household by Type of Cooking Fuel 30
Table 4-5 Distribution of Regular Household Method Solid Waste Disposal 31
Table 4-6 Soil size parameters 31 Table 4-7 Water Analysis Result 32 Table4-8 Ambient Noise levelsatproject Intervention Zone 33
Table 5-1 Likelihood of Occurrence of Impact 38
Table 5-2 The impact assessment matrix 39
Table 5-3 Potential Consequences Classification Matrix 39
Table 5-4 The potential consequence and effects matrix 39
Table 5-5 Degree of significance 40
Table 5.6 Identified Potential Impacts 42 Table 5.7 Gully Treatment Options and scenarios 49 Table 6.1 Environmental and Social Management Plan 53
Table 6.2 Environmental and Social Impact Mitigation Monitoring Plan 68
Table 6.3 Summary of the planned stakeholder engagement schedule 75
Table 6.4 Institutional Responsibilities 76 Table 6.5 Training Modules on Environment and Social Management 79 Table 6.6 ESMP Budget Summary 82 Table 6.7 ESMP Budget and Implementation Schedule 82
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure Description Page
Figure 1-1 Proposed Layout for Federal High court – Ekwueme Square Gully Erosion site
3
Figure 3-1 Map of Nigeria Showing Anambra State 15
Figure 3-2 Map of Anambra State Showing Awka South LGA 17
Figure 3-3 Map of Project Area 19
Figure 3-4 Land Use Map of the Project Area 23
Figure 4-1 Gender Distribution of Assessed Community 25
Figure 4-2 Relationship to Household Head/ Gender 25 Figure 4-3 Relationship to Household Head versus Social Group 26
Figure 4-4 Age Distribution of respondents 26
Figure 4-5 Household size 27
Figure 4-6 Indigeneship 28
Figure 4-7 Total Monthly Income/ Poverty Level of respondents 29
Figure 4-8 3D Arial View of the Gully site 34
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LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS / ACRONYMS
BOD Biochemical Oxygen Demand BP Bank Policy CBO Community Based Organization CDD Community Driven Development CSO Community Support Organizations DO Dissolved Oxygen DS Dissolved Solids EA Environmental Assessment EAR Environmental Audit Report ESA Environmentally Sensitive Areas ESIA Environmental & Social Impact Assessment EIA Environmental Impact Assessment ESMP Environmental and Social Management Plan ESMF Environmental and Social Management Framework ESSO Environmental and Social Safeguard Officer FGN Federal Government of Nigeria FMEnv Federal Ministry of Environment FPMU Federal Project Management Office FRDP Federal Roads Development Project GIS Geographic Information System HSE Health Safety and Environment IDA International Development Association IPM Integrated Pest Management LB Land Bureau MDAs Ministries, Departments & Agencies MIGA Multilateral Guarantee Agency MOE State Ministry of Environment MOW State Ministry of Works MoH State Ministry of Housing NEWMAP Nigerian Erosion and Watershed Management Project NGO Non-Governmental Organization NS Not Specified OD Operational Directives (of the World Bank) NGO Non-governmental Organization NIWA National Inland Waterways Authority OP Operational Policy PPE Personal Protective Equipment RAP Resettlement Action Plan RPF Resettlement Policy Framework RRC Road Rehabilitation Contractor SEPA State Environmental Protection Agency SMEnv State Ministry of Environment SPM Suspended Particulate Matter SPMU State Project Management Unit TDS Total Dissolved Solids TOR Terms of Reference TSP Total Suspended Particulate
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Introduction Nigeria Erosion and Watershed Management Project (NEWMAP) is an eight (8) years multi-sectoralproject being implemented by the Federal Government of Nigeria, financed by the World Bank, Global Environment Facility, the Special Climate Change Fund, and the Government of Nigeria. NEWMAP finances activities implemented by States and activities implemented by the Federal government. This intervention is currently being implemented in 7 states, namely Anambra, Abia, Cross River, Edo, Enugu, Ebonyi, and Imo States The lead agency at the Federal level is the Federal Ministry of Environment (FMENV), Department of Erosion, Flood and Coastal Zone Management. State and local governments, local communities and CSOs are or will be involved in the project, given that the project is a multi-sector operation involving MDAs concerned with water resources management, public works, agriculture, regional and town planning, earth and natural resources information, and disaster risk management. The project development objective of NEWMAP is: to reduce vulnerability to soil erosion in targeted sub watersheds. The Anambra State Government as one of the participating States represented by the State Project Management Unit (SPMU) has selected the Federal High Court-Ekwueme Square gully head as one of the priority sites to rehabilitate and remedy the degraded land. The project area is the Federal High Court - Ekwueme Square gully erosion site. It lies between longitude 06 12 55.9 and 06 14 28 North; and latitude 007 05 004 and 007 04 912 East near the Federal high court / Federal secretariat complex in Umuzuocha, Awka, Anambra State. The proposed intervention works or project shall involve small-sized civil works and use of vegetation for the gullies stabilization, reclamation, protection and reinforcement to stop scouring action of water flow velocity due to exposed soil surface. In the light of the anticipated impacts of the proposed intervention work activities, it was considered necessary to prepare a site specific Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) for the proposed intervention work aimed at protecting and minimizing any potential adverse environmental and social impacts in course of work and in the operational life of the intervention work. Existing Policy, Legal and Administrative Frameworks Duty and responsibility for environmental protection and management related to projects in various sectors of Nigerian economy are mandated under:
Current Federal, State and Local relevant acts, rules, regulations and standards, and the common law of the Federal Republic of Nigeria (FRN)
International environmental agreements and treaties ratified by the Federal Republic of Nigeria
World Bank Policies
Amongst the existing pieces of legislations there are a number of national and international environmental guidelines applicable to the proposed project with regard to both environmental and social concerns. Some of these extent legal and policies frameworks include:
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Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Act Cap 131 LFN 1992
National Environmental Standards and Regulatory Enforcement Agency Act No 25 of 2007
Sectoral EIA Guidelines
Nigerian Urban and Regional Planning Law No 88 of 1992
Land Use Act Cap 202 LFN 1990; and
Several other international policies including the World bank Safeguard Policies
To make the ESMP responsive to the objectives of good practice as required by the Nigerian government and the World Bank, the relevant Nigerian EIA/EA requirements and World Bank Operational Procedures were harmonized. It is especially made responsive with the consideration and inclusion of the followings:
Early consideration of environmental and social issues;
Identification and early consultation with stakeholders;
Prevention of adverse impacts through the consideration of feasible alternatives; and
Incorporation of mitigation measures into planning and design.
Strengthening the framework for the systematic management of environmental responsibilities, impacts and risks.
The Intervention Work Activities The project activities for this gully erosion site will consist of:
Reclamation of the gullies by filling with imported laterite and compacting
Construction of roads leading to the gully heads which serves as drain channels that lead the storm water and also adequately design drainages that will channel the water to collector drains at the gully head.
Construction of suitable sized and aligned collector drains at the gully head to lead the storm waters into drop structures to be constructed.
Easing of the sides to stable slopes in sections where space permits.
Construction of other components such as concrete stepped channel, chute channel and stilling basin.
Construction of check dams
Construction of reinforced precast concrete pipe culverts Biophysical Environment and Socio Economics Gully erosions are reinforced by human activities leading to further degradation of the environment. It is a geomorphic process which occurs only when a threshold in terms of rainfall, topography, flow of hydraulics, nature of vegetation, nature of soil and land use and capability have been exceeded. Essentially, to this end, the relevant biophysical environmental baseline conditions were captured and described, as presented in CHAPTER 3 of this ESMP. This provides the context upon which the proposed intervention activities were related to the environment to identify the impacts and develop the necessary mitigation measures.
Being a non residential area, only ten PAPs were identified.
The Project Benefits The major benefits will occur in the form of improved erosion management and gully rehabilitation which will provide for:
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Reduced loss of infrastructure including roads, houses, etc.
Reduced loss of agricultural land and productivity from soil loss caused by surface erosion.
Reduced siltation in river leading to less flooding and the preservation of the water systems for improved access to domestic water supply.
Reduced risks of floods (due to reduced siltation)
Progressively restored vegetative cover, improved environmental conditions and more humid local microclimates. This results in increased vegetation cover for wildlife and carbon sequestration.
Environmental improvements due to land stabilization measures which preserve the landscape and biodiversity.
The Project Negative Impacts The proposed development unfortunately is also likely to exert adverse impacts on the social and physical environment within which it is executed. These impacts can be divided into short-term construction related impacts and long-term operation unavoidable impacts. The short-term impacts include construction traffic, dust, construction related noise, siltation of the downstream river, etc. A more project specific potential negative impacts and the level of impacts that could emanate from the intervention work are presented in relevant Section of this ESMP. Mitigation Measures A priority in project planning and design is to avoid potential negative environmental and social impacts. For instance, in the design and selection of site, work methods, equipment, for the project, etc. negative impacts are as much as possible mitigated. Nevertheless, some of the impacts could require additional measures and others will require sound operational procedures. Provisions have been made for this in the entire arrangement of the project for impacts that are unavoidable to be mitigated. The mitigation measures and the general Environmental code of Conduct have been developed which shall be integrated into the project design and tender documents. Using this approach, the mitigation measures and code of conduct as contained in the report will automatically become part of the project construction and operation phase. By including mitigation measures in the contract or in specific items in the Bill of Engineering Measurement and Evaluation (BEME), monitoring and supervision, mitigation measures implementation shall be covered under the normal engineering supervision provisions of the contract. ESMP Implementation and Management The successful implementation of the ESMP depends on the commitment of the sector and related institutions, and the capacity within the institutions to apply or use this ESMP effectively, and the appropriate and functional institutional arrangements, among others. Hence these key ESMP areas relevant to its successful implementation were included in the ESMP, namely: institutional arrangements, capacity building, environmental and social monitoring. In order to effectively and efficiently implement this ESMP, a system for monitoring and auditing has been built into the overall management plan. Monitoring and auditing assist in the examination of management, employee knowledge, programme responsibilities, records & effectiveness. The Environmental monitoring activities shall be based on direct or indirect indicators of discharge to
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the environment and resource use applicable to the project. Monitoring frequency shall be sufficient to provide representative data for the parameter being monitored. Monitoring shall be conducted by trained individuals who can carry out the monitoring and record-keeping effectively using properly calibrated and maintained equipment. Monitoring data shall be analyzed and reviewed at regular intervals and compared with the operating standards so that any necessary corrective actions can be taken. As part of monitoring programme, visual inspections and quality monitoring for light attenuation will be conducted daily, for instance. Stakeholders and their Concerns The key stakeholders identified and consulted in the area include leaders in the communities, individual people who own properties that will be directly or indirectly affected, and business owners, etc. At the meeting, the overview of the proposed project and appreciation of ESMP were presented. Furthermore, the challenges that could impede the implementation of the project and the support needed from all parties to ensure effective project and successful implementation were also discussed with the stakeholders. A summary of stakeholder perceptions, concerns and how these concerns were addressed is shown in Box a below with more details of the public consultation in Chapter 7. Budget ESMPs have associated costs. Thus to effectively implement the environmental and social management measures necessary budgetary provisions shall be made for this ESMP. The Budgets for the ESMP include the environmental management costs other than the good engineering practices, cost of environmental and resettlement monitoring. All administrative costs for implementing the ESMP shall be budgeted for as part of the project costing. The cost of each measure have been estimated and included in the overall ESMP budget as indicated
in Table 6.6 to be ₦ N5,775,000.00 (Five million, Seven hundred and Seventy Five thousand Naira only). The key elements of the implementation schedule are shown in the Table 6.7. Disclosure This ESMP has been prepared in consultation with the relevant stakeholders. Copies of this ESMP that have been prepared for the project shall be made available to the public by SPMU in the various relevant local government councils, State Ministries of Environment and other stakeholders as well as the Federal Ministry of Environment. All reasonable efforts must also be made to disclose/display them to the public at strategic points within the project’s areas of influence so as to allow all stakeholders to read and understand how their environment stand to be impacted by the project. SPMU will also disclose this ESMP electronically through the World Bank Info Shop.
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1 FINAL ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (ESMP)
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background/ Overview of NEWMAP in Nigeria
Nigeria Erosion and Watershed Management Project (NEWMAP) is an eight (8) years multi-
sectoralproject being implemented by the Federal Government of Nigeria, financed by the World
Bank, Global Environment Facility, the Special Climate Change Fund, and the Government of
Nigeria. NEWMAP finances activities implemented by States and activities implemented by the
Federal government. This intervention is currently being implemented in 7 states, namely Anambra,
Abia, Cross River, Edo, Enugu, Ebonyi and Imo States
The Project Development Objective (PDO) of the NEWMAP is to reduce vulnerability to soil
erosion in targeted sub watersheds. It seeks to improve erosion management and gully rehabilitation;
increase incomes for rural households from improved agricultural and forest practices through the
use of conservation agriculture, agroforestry, natural regeneration, etc.; and gain efficiency in public
administration and public spending through improved knowledge base, analytical tools, multi-
sectoral coordination and stakeholder dialogue.
NEWMAP involves many Federal and State Ministries, Departments and Agencies (MDAs), local
governments, communities, and civil society. Effective implementation requires inter- ministerial
and inter-state coordination, collaboration, and information sharing. Each component, sub-
component and activity will be implemented through relevant Federal and State MDAs. The various
MDAs include those responsible for planning, economy and finance, works, agriculture, water
resources, forests, transport, power, emergency response, as well as those focused on climate and
hydrological information or catchment/ basin regulation. Most of NEWMAP’s investments will be
made at the State level, as States have primary responsibility for land management and land
allocations.
The project area is the Federal High Court - Ekwueme Square gully erosion site. It lies between
longitude 06 12 55.9 and 06 14 28 North; and latitude 007 05 004 and 007 04 912 East near the
Federal high court / Federal secretariat complex in Umuzuocha, Awka, Anambra State.
The proposed intervention works shall involve small-sized civil works and use of vegetation for the
gullies stabilization, reclamation, protection and reinforcement to stop scouring action of flow
velocity due to exposed soil surface.
In the light of the anticipated impacts of the proposed intervention work activities, it was considered
expedient and necessary to prepare a site specific Environmental and Social Management Plan
(ESMP) for the proposed intervention work which is directed at protecting and minimizing any
potential adverse environmental and social impacts.
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1.2 General Description of Intervention Site
The Federal High Court – Ekwueme Square gully erosion site has several separate gullies, each
draining adjacent catchment into Imo-Awka River. The gullies are named as Main Gully and Gully
Finger. The gullies cover about 0.32 and
0.05km of length respectively. The main gully
starts around HS-1 and traverses downstream
towards HS-3 (End of intervention) and gully
finger starts at HS-2 by the side of Judiciary
Road and traverses the main gully and
intersects at mid point. On the other side of the
Federal High Court building, two new gullies
are developing threatening the surrounding
property. These gullies started at HS-4 and HS-
5 and propagate downstream away from
Federal High court building. All gullies originated from the road side drains and culverts near the
High court.
The gully is advancing both upstream and laterally along the entire section. This needs an urgent
intervention to stop the gully from developing and endangering the surrounding community
properties particularly the High court building, High court road and electrical transformer. The
Federal High Court – Ekwueme Square gully erosion site has developed partly due to the erosion
from road side drainage and improper connection of road side drainage with the main drainage
trunk.
The gully has depths that reach up to 16m depth. The width of the gully varies from 20m at
shallower areas to 50m at the deeper sections. The shape of the gully is generally V-shape gully at the
head and middle with a side slope ranging from 30o to 70o. In the main and finger gullies, erosion is
so active that it destroyed the whole road and is encroaching into Federal High court Accordingly,
necessary Palliative erosion control measures are provided along for both main and finger gullies.
While for the other gullies on the left side, there shall be a diversion drainage canal that follows the
High court road. The layout of proposed intervention measures for Federal High court – Ekwueme
Square gully erosion site is shown in Figure 1-1.
Table 1-1: Federal High Court – Ekwueme Square Main and Finger Gully Features
Description Length (m) Main features of work
Main Gully 320 Concrete canal, back fill and bank protection (First
Priority).
Finger Gully 55 Concrete canal, back fill and bank protection (First
Priority).
High Court Road 313 Concrete canal and back fill (Second Priority).
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The section briefly describes the methodology followed in design of Palliative erosion control works
including hydraulic and structural analysis. The structures presented in Table 1-1 are designed
hydraulically, the general layout in Figure 1-1 shows the location of each gully and its associated
hydraulic structures.
Figure 1-1: Proposed Layout for Federal High court – Ekwueme Square Gully Erosion Site
1.3 The intervention work (Civil Works)
Based on feasibility reports and relevant engineering concepts for the planned rehabilitation of the
Federal High Court - Ekwueme Square gully erosion site, the following components will be carried out
in the reclamation of the degraded land;
Reclamation of the gullies by filling with imported laterite and compacting
Construction of roads leading to the gully heads which serves as drain channels that lead the
storm water and also adequately design drainages that will channel the water to collector drains
at the gully head.
Construction of suitable sized and aligned collector drains at the gully head to lead the storm
waters into drop structures to be constructed.
Easing of the sides to stable slopes in sections where space permits.
Construction of other components such as concrete stepped channel, chute channel and
stilling basin.
Construction of check dams
Construction of reinforced precast concrete pipe culverts
Revegetation of the gully catchment
These are detailed in the Engineering report for the site prepared by an individual consultant
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1.4 Need for ESMP for the Proposed Intervention Work
By design, the proposed intervention works shall involve small-sized civil works and use of
vegetation for the gullies stabilization, reclamation, protection and reinforcement to stop scouring
action of flow velocity due to exposed soil surface.
To this end, this proposed project intervention activity triggers World Bank (WB)’ s Operational
Policy, Environmental Assessment OP4.01 and Involuntary Resettlement OP4.12. In order to
develop site specific, costed, measurable, and monitorable actions for the intervention site it became
necessary to prepare this Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP). The ESMP mainly
consist mitigation, monitoring, and institutional measures to be undertaken during implementation
and maintenance of the intervention work to eliminate adverse environmental and social impacts,
offset them, or reduce them to acceptable levels.
It should be noted that parallel to this ESMP, a Resettlement Action Plan (RAP), has been prepared
to manage issues of involuntary resettlement or displacement that could result from implementation
of the intervention work.
Also, during the preparatory stage of the project, two national instruments, a Resettlement Policy
Framework (RPF) which provides guidance for the mitigation and compensation of adverse social
impacts and an Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) which provides
guidance on how general environmental and social impacts arising from these will be managed had
been prepared. The ESMP and the RAP provides the specific actionable elements of these national
instruments.
1.5 Objectives of this Environmental and Social Management Plan
The overall aim of this ESMP is to document the actions necessary to prevent or minimize predicted
negative impacts as well as provide a framework for systematic managing of the responsibilities
associated with the works.
Specifically, this ESMP is designed to ensure the following:
Compliance with relevant legislative requirements;
Achievement, enhancement and demonstration of sound environmental performance built
around the principle of continuous improvement;
Provision of standards for overall planning, operation, audit and review;
Encouragement and achievement of the highest environmental performance and response
from individual employee and contractors;
Rationalizing and streamline environmental activities to add value in term of efficiency and
effectiveness;
Enabling management to establish environment priorities;
Integrating environment fully into the various activities of the proposed project and ensuring
inclusion of environmental requirements into tender documents, continuing management
and evaluation of the environmental performance of the project.
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Providing detailed design criteria for specific mitigation measures to be implemented.
Tracking to ensure the effectiveness of the mitigation measures at meeting the discharge
standards.
Specifying appropriate roles and responsibilities, and outline the necessary reporting
procedures, for managing and monitoring environmental and social concerns related to
projects.
1.6 Approaches for Preparing the Environmental and Social Management Plan
(ESMP)
The main approach for preparing the Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) include
the following:
1.6.1 Desk Review of Relevant Project Working documents
Relevant project working documents such as the PAD, PIM, ESMF, RPF and applicable World
Bank policy documents including the Environmental Assessment OP4.01, Natural Habitats OP4.04,
Physical and Cultural resources OP4.11 and Involuntary Resettlement OP4.12 are being reviewed.
1.6.2 Community/ Stakeholders’ Engagement
The predominant land use here is basically administrative due to the presence of office complexes
(secretariat) and a high court that serves judicial purposes. This reveals that the project site is not
residential, having few farmlands. As such interaction with Project Affected Persons (PAPs) has
commenced with farmland verification. 10 PAPs (4 males and 6 females) were identified.
1.6.3 Site visit and Scoping
Field visits were made to the intervention site, and in particular the sub-watershed as delimited in the
given gully stabilization design. Particular interest was paid to the proposed civil engineering designs,
vegetative land management measures and other activities aimed at reducing or managing runoff
that would be carried out within the sub-watershed. With this in mind, the natural resources and
infrastructure that could be potentially affected during project implementation and operation were
identified and assess. Based in this the management strategies needed to ensure that environmental
risks are appropriately mitigated have been designed for the intervention work.
The various sites were visited with a view to gathering information on the baseline environmental
conditions, institutional arrangement, capacity, etc. in relation to the project implementation.
The field work informed the preparation of the existing conditions and any anticipated
changes before the start of the sub-projects. Attention was paid to the physical environment (i.e.
topography, geology climate and meteorology, surface water hydrology); biological environment (i.e.
Flora types and diversity, rare and endangered species within or adjacent to projects intervention
sites, including wetlands, sensitive habitats); and socio-economic and cultural environment, such as
population, land use, planned development activities, community structure, employment and labour
market, sources and distribution of income, cultural properties – such as historical and
archaeological significant sites, indigenous people, and traditional tribal lands and customs).
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1.6.4 Identification of Potential Impacts and Mitigation Measures
The potential impacts were identified through generic and specific assessment of the sites for
anticipated changes that could result in the light of the socio-environmental conditions (project-
environment interactions)
Mitigation measures have been proffered to either eliminate or minimize adverse environmental and
social impacts of specific actions, projects or programs while also enhancing positive effects. The
approach to mitigation has been primarily preventive principles of anticipated impacts based on
well-known negative outcomes of project-environment interactions.
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CHAPTER TWO
2.0 POLICY AND REGULATORY FRAMEWORK
This section covers Nigeria’s legislative and World Bank Safeguards Policy requirements for
environmental protection. The essence of the consideration of this legal aspect is to show the
commitment of the intervention work to meeting the set standards and guidelines. It should be
noted that a number of the national and international environmental guidelines applicable to the
operation of the NEWMAP will be discussed in this chapter of the ESMF prepared for Anambra
State Ministry of Environment, Beautification and Ecology. Thus cross references can easily be
made to the ESMF. Nevertheless, to show the level of commitment of this intervention work to the
overall policy, legal and regulatory framework some these and those not previously presented have
been highlighted in this Section.
2.1 Institutional Framework
As mentioned in the introduction above, the relevant national and international policies, protocols,
regulatory and administrative framework related to the interventions works have already been
treated exhaustively in the precursor document, ESMF. So cross reference should be made to
detailed analyses of this Section.
Suffice it to say that the National Policy on Environment, 1989 (revised 1999), provides for “a viable
national mechanism for cooperation, coordination and regular consultation, as well as harmonious management of the
policy formulation and implementation process which requires the establishment of effective institutions and linkages
within and among the various tiers of government – Federal, State and Local Government”.
The Federal Ministry of Environment (FMENV) was Set up by Presidential Directive No. Ref.
No. SGF.6/S.221 of October 12, 1999 and empowered to regulate all environmental matters in
order to protect enhance and preserve the Nigerian environment. And in response to its mandate
the Ministry has developed far reaching legal reference instruments for achieving environmentally
sound management of resources and sustainable development across all major sectors of the
economy and supervises the activities of a number of Agencies with one directly having a bearing on
the proposed intervention activities, namely: National Environmental Standards and
Regulations Enforcement Agency (NESREA)
The National Environmental Standards and Regulations Enforcement Agency (NESREA) [with
Gazette No. 92, Vol. 94 of 31st July, 2007 with responsibility for the protection and development of
the environment, biodiversity conservation and sustainable development of Nigeria’s natural
resources in general and environmental technology, including coordination and liaison with relevant
stakeholders within and outside Nigeria on matters of enforcement of environmental standards,
regulations, rules, laws, policies and guidelines.
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Each State of the Federation has an Environment Ministry/EPA that is charged with the
responsibility of providing de cent, orderly and reasonable conducive environment for habitable
society, as contained in the assignments of Ministerial responsibilities.
Inter alia, the Ministry of Environment in the State is empowered to give direction to all issues
concerning the environment; monitor and control pollution and the disposal of solid, gaseous and
liquid wastes generated by various facilities in the state. Some of the functions of the State Ministry
of Environment include:
(i) Liaising with the Federal Ministry of Environment (FMENV) to achieve a healthy or
better management of the environment via development of National Policy on
Environment
(ii) Co-operating with FMENV and other National Directorates/Agencies in the
performance of environmental functions including environmental
education/awareness to the citizenry
(iii) Responsibility for monitoring waste management standards,
(iv) Responsibility for general environmental matters in the State, and
(v) Monitoring the implementation of EIA studies and other environmental studies for
all development projects in the State.
The Local Government Councils, without any specific laws on environmental management are
charged with the following responsibilities, inter alia:
Co-ordinating the activities of Local Government Council;
Maintenance of Law and Order in collaboration with Law Enforcement Agencies;
Collection of taxes and fees;
Establishment and maintenance of cemeteries, burial grounds and homes for the destitute or
infirm
Construction and maintenance of roads, streets, drains and other public highways, parks, and
open spaces;
Naming of roads and streets and numbering of houses;
Provision and maintenance of public transportation and refuse disposal;
2.2 Policies and Legal Instruments
Duty and responsibility for environmental protection and management related to projects in various
sectors of Nigerian economy are mandated under:
Current Federal, State and Local and relevant acts, rules, regulations and standards, and the
common law of the Federal Republic of Nigeria (FRN)
International environmental agreements and treaties ratified by the Federal Republic of
Nigeria
World Bank Safeguard Policies, especially those supported by the Bank
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All these have been treated in the ESMF. Nevertheless, since the intervention is now more
or like at the State level, consideration has been given to this aspect at that level.
2.2.1 Anambra State Legislations
Some of the functions of the State Ministries of Environment include:
Liaising with the Federal Ministry of Environment, FMENV to achieve a healthy or better
management of the environment via development of National Policy on Environment
Co-operating with FMENV and other National Directorates/Agencies in the performance
of environmental functions including environmental education/awareness to the citizenry
Responsibility for monitoring waste management standards,
Responsibility for general environmental matters in the State, and
Monitoring the implementation of ESIA studies and other environmental studies for all
development projects in the State.
Some laws in the state include:
Anambra State Policy on Environment (2010)
This policy emphasizes state government efforts to sustainable management of the Anambra
environment with regards to Erosion control. The state government commits to:
Seek the intervention of the Federal Government of Nigeria and relevant partner agencies in
the control of Erosion, to compliment the effort of the state.
Sensitize communities on erosion control efforts.
Procure necessary refuse disposal equipment like trucks, pay loaders, giant bins, etc.
Involve households, communities, local governments and states in the joint clearance of
drainages.
Sensitization of households on waste disposal practices and management.
Sponsor relevant environmental bills to the state assembly for enactment.
Involve LGAs, communities, and civil society organizations (CSOs) in the enforcement of
environmental laws.
Embark on aggressive afforestation programmes involving LGAs, communities and civil
society organizations (CSOs) in the state.
Anambra State Flood and Erosion Control Management Support System (2010)
This policy is to promote sustainable land use management by minimizing soil erosion and flooding
hazards; achieving this through reducing soil exposure to rainstorms; reduction of surface run-offs
and paved surfaces and restoration of degraded land mass.
Anambra Riverine Area Management Policy (2010)
This policy is to minimize riverine erosion and other forms of riverine degradation such as riverbank
failures, landslides and alluvial deposits.
Anambra State Watershed Management Policy (2010)
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This policy enables the commencement of co-ordinated/holistic/integrated management of natural
resources: Land, water, vegetation, etc. on a watershed basis to ensure resource conservation
through the minimization of land and soil degradation and maintenance of water quality and yield
for environmental sustainability.
Anambra State Flood and Erosion Control Management Support System (2010)
This policy aims at supporting a reliable up-to-date database and integrated management system as
tools to support all erosion and control programs.
Anambra State Waste Management Agency (Establishment) Act 2010
This law focuses on the protection of the rural and urban environment in the Anambra state. It was
made to support the observation of a sanitation day being the last Saturday of every month. This act
gives the agency power to manage solid waste in the state by selection and provision of disposal
points as well as bins. They also monitor the observance of sanitation day’s thereby punishing
defaulters. This agency will play a very important role in sustainability of the project as their
involvement will help provide disposal facilities/options to residents in the project area thereby
preventing them from disposal of refuse in the gully.
Anambra-Imo River Basin Development Authority
Anambra-Imo River Basin Development Authority is a Federal Government Parastatal under the
Ministry of Water resources. It is one of the 12 River Basin Development Authorities established in
1976 by Decree Number 25 and amended by Decree No 35 of 1987. The function of the AIRBDA
is towards the development of water resources potentials of the states and to effectively and
efficiently manage water resources by harnessing and conserving surface and underground water.
2.3 World Bank’s Environmental and Social Guidelines
The World Bank's environmental and social safeguard policies are a cornerstone of its support to
sustainable poverty reduction. The objective of these policies is to prevent and mitigate undue harm
to people and their environment in the development process. These policies provide guidelines for
bank and borrower staffs in the identification, preparation, and implementation of programs and
projects. The effectiveness and development impact of projects and programs supported by the
Bank has substantially increased as a result of attention to these policies. Safeguard policies have
often provided a platform for the participation of stakeholders in project design, and have been an
important instrument for building ownership among local populations.
The World Bank has 10+ 2 Environmental and Social Safeguard Policies to reduce or eliminate the
adverse effects of development projects, and improve decision making (Box 1). Appendix 1
summarizes these WB Safeguard Policies.
The World Bank's environmental and social safeguard policies are a cornerstone of its support to
sustainable poverty reduction. The objective of these policies is to prevent and mitigate undue harm
to people and their environment in the development process. These policies provide guidelines for
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bank and borrower staff in the identification, preparation, and implementation of programs and
projects.
The Bank requires environmental assessment (EA) and Social Assessment of projects proposed for
Bank financing to help ensure that they are both socially and environmentally sound and sustainable,
and thus to improve decision making. The World Bank's environmental assessment policy and
recommended processing are described in Operational Policy (OP)/Bank Procedure (BP) 4.01:
Environmental Assessment.
2.4 World Bank Safeguards Policies triggered by NEWMAP proposed activity
The World Bank has 10+ 2 Environmental and Social Safeguard Policies to reduce or eliminate the
adverse effects of development projects, and improve decision.
Of these Safeguard Policies, the intervention work at the proposed site triggers Environmental
Assessment (OP/BP 4.01) and Involuntary Resettlement (OP/BP 4.12) as indicated in Table 2.1. Table 2.1: Triggered Safeguard Policies
Safeguard Policies
Triggered by NEWMAP?
Triggered by Site-specific Project?
Applicability to Project due to
How Project Address Policy Requirements Yes No Yes No
Environmental Assessment (OP/BP 4.01)
[√] [ ] [√] [ ] Civil works with site-specific impacts
ESMF prepared for NEWMAP & site specific mitigation measures developed in this ESMP
Natural Habitats (OP/BP 4.04)
[√] [] [ ] [√] NA* NA
Pest Management (OP 4.09)
[√] [] [ ] [√] NA NA
Physical Cultural Resources (OP/BP 4.11)
[√] [] [ ] [√] NA NA
Involuntary Resettlement (OP/BP 4.12)
[√] [ ] [√] [ ] Restriction of access to sources of livelihoods.
RPF prepared for NEWMAP & a standalone ARAP spells out site specific issues to be addressed & how.
Indigenous Peoples (OP/BP 4.10)
[ ] [√] [ ] [√] NA NA
Forests (OP/BP 4.36)
[√] [] [ ] [√] NA NA
Safety of Dams (OP/BP 4.37)
[√] [] [ ] [√] NA NA
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Safeguard Policies
Triggered by NEWMAP?
Triggered by Site-specific Project?
Applicability to Project due to
How Project Address Policy Requirements Yes No Yes No
Projects in Disputed Areas (OP/BP 7.60)*
[ ] [√] [ ] [√] NA NA
Projects on International Waterways (OP/BP 7.50)
[√] [] [ ] [√] NA NA
*NA= Not Applicable
2.5 International Guidelines
International Development Partners/Agencies such as World Bank and other financial
organizations interested in development projects recognize this highly especially in development
that result in involuntary resettlement. It is against this background that policies and guidelines
have been set for managing such issues.
Nigeria is signatory to some international agreements and Protocols concerning the environment.
Those identified and stated in the ESMF developed for NEWMAP include:
International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) Guidelines
Convention of Biological Diversity
Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and National Heritage Sites
(World Heritage Convention)
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (1992)
The World Bank policies on Environmental Assessment will be applied in any sub-project of the
NEWMAP that may impact on the integrity of the environment.
WherethereisconflictbetweennationallegislationandWorldBankOperationalPolicies, the latter policies
shall prevail.
2.6 The National (Nigeria) Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Act 1992
The Environmental Impact Assessment Act No. 86, 1992 (FMEnv) provides the guidelines for activities of development projects for which EIA is mandatory in Nigeria. The Act also stipulates the minimum content of an EIA and is intended to inform and assist proponents in conducting EIA studies as well as a schedule of projects, which require mandatory EIAs. According to these guidelines:
Category I projects will require a full Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA).
Category II projects may require only a partial EIA, which will focus on mitigation and Environmental planning measures, unless the project is located near an environmentally sensitive area--in which case a full EIA is required.
Category III projects are considered to have “essentially beneficial impacts” on the environment, for which the Federal Ministry of the Environment will prepare an Environmental Impact Statement.
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2.7 Nigeria EIA Guidelines and World Bank EA Guidelines
The Environmental Impact Assessment Act No. 86 (Decree No. 86) of 1992 requires that
developmental projects be screened for their potential impact. Guidelines issued in 1995 by the
former Federal Environmental Protection Agency (FEPA) direct the screening process.
According to these guidelines:
Category I projects will require a full Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA).
Category II projects may require only a partial EIA, which will focus on mitigation and
Environmental planning measures, unless the project is located near an environmentally sensitive
area--in which case a full EIA is required.
Category III projects are considered to have “essentially beneficial impacts” on the environment,
for which the Federal Ministry of the Environment will prepare an Environmental Impact
Statement.
With regard to environmental assessment, the Bank has also categorized projects based on the type
of EA required, namely:
Category A - projects are those whose impacts are sensitive, diverse, unprecedented, felt beyond the
immediate project environment and are potentially irreversible over the long term. Such projects
require full EA.
Category B - projects involve site specific and immediate project environment interactions, do not
significantly affect human populations, do not significantly alter natural systems and resources, do
not consume much natural resources (e.g., ground water) and have adverse impacts that are not
sensitive, diverse, unprecedented and are mostly reversible. Category B projects will require partial
EA, and Environmental and Social Management Plans.
Category C - Projects are mostly benign and are likely to have minimal or no adverse environmental
impacts. Beyond screening, no further EA action is required for a Category C project, although
some may require environmental and social action plans.
Category FI - A proposed project is classified as Category FI if it involves investment of Bank
funds through a financial intermediary, in subprojects that may result in adverse environmental
impacts.
This World Bank categorization (A, B, & C) corresponds in principle with the Nigeria EIA
requirements of Category I, II and III, which in actual practice is done with regard to the level of
impacts associated with a given project. However, in the event of divergence between the two, the
World Bank safeguard policy shall take precedence over Nigeria EA laws, guidelines and or
standards.
Thus for this ESMP, the Nigeria’s EIA requirements and World Bank operational procedures were
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harmonized as far as possible, hence it is made responsive to the objectives of good practice. It is
especially made responsive with regard to the followings:
Early consideration of environmental and social issues
Identification and early consultation with stakeholders
Prevention of adverse impacts through the consideration of feasible alternatives; and
Incorporation of mitigation measures into planning and (engineering) design.
The World Bank provides a number of operational and safeguards policies, which aim to prevent
and mitigate undue harm to people and their environment in any development initiative involving
the Bank. The Nigerian EIA Act and the World Bank safeguard policies are similar. OP.4.01 and
Nigerian EIA Act are also similar. World Bank EA Screening Category A is similar to Nigerian EIA
Act category I, World Bank EA Category B is equivalent to Nigeria EIA Act Category II, World
Bank EA Category C is equivalent Nigeria EIA Act Category III. However in the event of
divergence between World Bank safeguard policies and the Existing Environmental laws in Nigeria
the more stringent requirement will take precedence.
2.8 Making the ESMP Responsive to Good Practice
This ESMP is seen as being responsive to the objectives of good practice, which must be abided
with in the course of the intervention work. This is because the ESMP is prepared in compliance
with existing Federal, State and local laws of Nigeria as well as the World Bank’s Environmental and
Social Management Framework (ESMF) safeguards instruments prepared for NEWMAP at the
preparatory stage.
Specifically, the Nigeria’s EIA requirements and World Bank operational procedures were
harmonized as far as possible; hence it is made responsive to the objectives of good practice. It is
especially made responsive with regard to the followings: Early consideration of environmental and
social issues (starting at the screening stage); Identification and early consultation with stakeholders;
Prevention of adverse impacts through the consideration of feasible alternatives; and Incorporation
of mitigation measures into planning and (engineering) design.
Thus this ESMP is seen to be a good guide to drive the sustainability of the intervention work, in
addition to other instruments that have been prepared for it, with a view to avoiding and mitigating
adverse impacts.
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CHAPTER THREE
3.0 BIOPHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT OF PROPOSED PROJECT SITE
3.1 Anambra State
Anambra State is located within the south eastern zone of Nigeria with land mass of over 4120 sq.
km and a population of 4,055,048 (2006 Census). The state is situated on a low elevation on the
eastern side of the River Niger and shares boundaries with Kogi, Enugu, Imo, Abia, Delta, Rivers
and Edo states.
The twenty-one (21) Local Government Areas in Anambra State are: Aguata, Anambra East,
Anambra West, Aniocha, Awka North, Awka South, Ayamelum, Dunukofia, Ekwusigo, Idemili
North, Idemili South, Ihiala, Njikoka, Nnewi North, Nnewi South, Ogbaru, Onitsha North, Onitsha
South, Orumba North, Orumba South, Oyi.
The project area is situated near the Federal High Court - Ekwueme Square in Awka, the State
Capital.
Figure 3-1: Map of Nigeria Showing Anambra State
3.1.1 Physical Environment
Geology
Anambra State lies in the Anambra Basin and has about 6,000 m of sedimentary rocks. The
sedimentary rocks comprise ancient Cretaceous deltas, somewhat similar to the Niger Delta, with
the Nkporo Shale, the Mamu Formation, the Ajali sandstone and the Nsukka Formation as the main
deposits. On the surface the dominant sedimentary rocks are the Imo Shale a sequence of grey
shales, occasional clay ironstones and Sandstone beds.
The Imo Shale underlies the eastern part of the state, particularly in Ayamelum, Awka North, and
Oruma North LGAs. Next in the geological sequence, is the Ameke Formation, which includes
Nanka Sands, laid down in the Eocene. Its rock types are sandstone, calcareous shale, and limestone
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in thin bands. Outcrops of the sandstone occur at various places on the higher cuesta, such as at
Abagana and Nsugbe, where they are quarried for construction purposes. Nanka sands out crop
mainly at Nanka and Oko in Orumba North LGA.
Lignite was deposited in the Oligocene to Miocene; and it alternates with gritty clays in places.
Outcrops of lignite occur in Onitsha and Nnewi. The latest of the tour geological formations is the
Benin Formation or the coastal plain sands deposited from Miocene to pleistocene. The Benin
Formation consists of yellow and white sands. The formation underlies much of lhiala LGA. Thick
deposits of alluvium were laid down in the western parts of the state, south and north of Onitsha in
the Niger and Anambra river floodplains.
Landforms and Drainage
Anambra State falls into two main landform regions: a highland region of moderate elevation that
covers much of the state south of the Anambra River, and low plains to the west, north, and east of
the highlands. The highland region is a low asymmetrical ridge or cuesta in the northern portion of
the AwkaOrlu Uplands, which trend roughly southeast to North West, in line with the geological
formations that underlie it. It is highest in the southeast, about 410m above mean sea-level, and
gradually decreases in height to only 33m in the northwest on the banks of the Anambra River and
the Niger.
The lower cuesta, formed by the more resistant sandstone rocks of the Imo Shale, rises to only
150m above mean sea level at Umuawulu an decreases in height north-westward to only 100m
<Achalla. Its escarpment faces the Mamu River plain and has a local relief of between 80 and 30m
West of it. This is the higher cuesta, formed by the sane stones of the Ameke Formation. Its height
is above 400m in the south-east at lgbo-ukwu and lsuofii decreasing north-westward to less than
300m at Agbana, and to only 100m at Aguleri.
Vegetation and Soils:
The vegetation on the highlands is of semi-tropical rainforest type. It is characteristically green and is
complemented by typical grassy vegetation. Fresh water swamp forests occur in the Niger-Anambra
Basin.
Three soil types can be recognized in Anambra State. They are: (i) alluvial soils, (ii) hydromorphic
soils, and (iii) ferallitic soils. The alluvial soils are pale brown loamy soils. They are found in the tow
plain south of Onitsha in Ogbaru and in the Niger Anambra low plain north of Onitsha. They differ
from the hydromorphic soils in being relatively immature, having no well-developed horizons.
Ecological Issue:
Some of the major ecological issues encountered in Anambra mostly includes; flooding and erosion.
The erosion issues have exacerbated overtime due to the extensive forest clearing, often by bush
burning, and continuous cropping with little or no replenishment of soil nutrients. This further
resulted in the disruption of the ecological equilibrium of the natural forest ecosystem. Such a
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situation in a region of loosely consolidated friable soils is prone to erosion, giving rise to extensive
gully formation typical to the one experienced in Umuzuocha and several other communities in
Anambra State
3.2 Overview of Awka
Awka is located between latitudes 06 ○ 06 ′ N and 06 ○ 16 ′ N and longitudes (i) 07 ○ To 01 convert
′ E and the 07 ○ analogue 10 ′ E with a population of 58,225 people (28,335 males and 29,890
females) during the National Population Census conducted in Nigeria in 1991. The population
figure was projected to 115,282 up to December 2005, using the national population growth rate of
5%.This further confirms Awka’s urban status since the United Nation defines a city as a settlement
of 20,000 or more in population
Figure 3-2: Map of Anambra State Showing Awka South LGA
Climate
The area lies within the tropical rainforest zone of West Africa with an average humidity of 80%. Its
O mean daily temperature is 20°C and annual temperature of 27°C, while the mean annual rainfall is
200cm as it witnesses two distinctive climatic changes in a year. The dry season occurs between early
November and March with prevailing dust-laden Northeasterly wind and rainy season occurs from
April up to October with Southwesterly moisture laden air mass moving.
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Economy
Awka is the administrative headquarters of Anambra State. The major occupation in the city
includes civil service, farming and trading. The partly state- owned Orient Petroleum Resources Ltd
has the headquarters in Awka.
Education
Awka has a large university community, which at times comprises around 15% of the population of
the town. It hosts two primary universities of higher/tertiary education - NnamdiAzikiwe University
and Paul University.
Erosion and Watershed Issues
The main ecological hazards in the area are accelerated gully erosion and flooding. Extensive forest
clearing, often by bush burning, and continuous cropping with little or no replenishment of soil
nutrients, resulted in the disruption of the ecological equilibrium of the natural forest ecosystem.
Such a situation in a region of loosely consolidated and easily eroded soils is prone to serious
erosion, giving rise to extensive gully formation. Many of the gullies are at the head streams of the
rivers that flow down the cuestas. The head streams carve their valleys deep into the deeply
weathered red earth; developing dendritic patterns of gullies.
3.3 Overview of the Project Area
The project area is the Federal High Court - Ekwueme Square gully erosion site. It lies between
longitude 06 12 55.9 and 06 14 28 North; and latitude 007 05 004 and 007 04 912 East near the
Federal high court / Federal secretariat complex in Umuzuocha, Awka, Anambra State.
It is located in the Anambra state government acquired land from Umuzuocha village within Awka
Capital city. The predominant land use here is basically administrative due to the presence of office
complexes (secretariat) and a high court that serves judicial purposes. The gully has three fingers
developed as a result of improper termination of conveyance drains carrying storm water along the
asphalted road linking the high court and the house of assembly complex. The road has a steep slope
forming a point of convergence of flash flood whose flow hydraulics initiated scouring action at the
gully head, exacerbated by porous, loose, and friable ferralitic soils of the area.
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Figure 3-3: Map of Project Area
The erosion threatens critical infrastructure, available farmlands, lives and properties. Mitigation
measures by the government of back filling with earth materials are evident in the field. There is no
indigenous community settlement at the site except farmlands owned by urban dwellers of different
ethnic mix. If palliative steps are not taken to check the menace, a major disaster of seeking
government presence and probably human lives is eminent in the nearest future.
The NEWMAP in conjunction with Anambra State government intends to rehabilitate the gully site
and reduce long term vulnerability of the targeted area. The GRASS activity is achievable through
civil works guided by engineering design. The work will trigger some World Bank safeguard policies
including Environmental Assessment OP4.01 and Involuntary Resettlement OP4.12
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3.4 Biophysical Environment of the Gully Erosion Site
3.4.1 Physical Environment
Geology and Geomorphology
Umuzuocha – the host community of the Judiciary/ Ekwueme Square gully in Awka, Anambra State
lies within the Anambra Basin whose sedimentary rocks are made up of Nkporo Shale, the Mamu
Formation, the Ajali sandstone and the Nsukka formation as the main deposits. On the surface, the
dominant sedimentary rocks are the Imo Shale, which is a sequence of grey shales with occasional
clay iron stones and sandstone beds.
Cross Sections of the Federal High Court - Ekwueme Square
Gully Erosion Site in Umuzuocha village in AwkaAnambra State
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The Imo Shale underlies the eastern part of the State, particularly in Ayamelum, Awka North, and
Oruma North Local Government Areas. Below the Imo Shale is the Ameke Formation, which
includes Nanka Sands (laid down in the Eocene).
Soils
Three soil types can be recognized in Anambra State: They are (i) alluvial soils, (ii) hydromorphic
Soils, and (iii) ferallitic soils.
The alluvial soils are pale brown loamy soils and are found in the low plain south of Onitsha in
Ogbaru and in the Niger Anambra low plain north of Onitsha. These differ from the hydromorphic
soils in that they are relatively immature, having no well-developed horizons. However, this soil
sustains continuous cropping more than the other two.
Hydromorphic soils are developed on the Mamu plain, east of the cuesta, and extending northwards
into the eastern part of Anambra River plain where the underlying impervious clayey shales cause
water logging of the soils during the rainy season. The soils are fine loamy, with lower layers faintly
mottled, while the subsoil layers are strongly mottled and spotted, containing stiff grey cay.
The ferallitic soils are found on the cuesta and other elevated areas, which are underlain, by the
sandstones and shales of the Ameke Formation and the Nanka sands. The soils are deep red to
reddish brown loamy sands (red earth) and are loose and easily eroded into gullies
In the study area, Umuzuocha, Awka that is underlain by the Nanka Sands, the gullies are at the
head streams of the rivers that flow down the cuesta. These head streams carve their valleys deep
into the deeply weathered red earth and developing into a dendritic pattern of gullies.
3.4.2 Biological Environment of Awka
Flora
The vegetation types encountered within the Study Area are as follows:
Areas of fallow bush of varying ages
Fields used for rotational subsistence farming
Degraded secondary rainforest as well as statutory and communal forests
All flora habitats surveyed were found to comprise shrubs, grasses, sedges and a mixture of mature
trees and re-growing juvenile trees.
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Table 3-1: Some common plants found within the project community
S/NO COMMON NAME BOTANICAL NAME
1 Maize /corn Zea mays
2 Cassava Manihotesculenta
3 Banana Musa sapientum
4 Water leaf Talinumtriangulare
5 Okro Abelmoschusesculentus
6 Pineapple Ananascomosus
7 Guava Psidiumguajava
8 Cocoyam Colocasiaesculenta
9 Pumpkin Cocurbitapepo
10 Melon Citrullus vulgaris
11 Mango Magniferaindica
12 Pepper (small) Capsicum annuum
13 Pawpaw Carica papaya
14 Bitter leaf Vernoniaamygdalina
Fauna
The Cercopithecusmona also known as Mona Monkeys is one of the wildlife mammal seen within the
project area. This animal is seen as sacred in the area so much so that a ceremony is performed
annually in its honor. Other wildlife found in the project area includes grass cutters, porcupines, etc.
Furthermore, cattle, goat, sheep, poultry and pig were some of the livestock sited within the project
area.
Land Use/Tenure
While majority of the land use is for administrative purposes due to the presence of public offices
such as the Federal Secretariat, High court, etc.
A combination of traditional land ownership system and government ownership of land
is observed in the area. However, the area of intervention is owned by Anambra State Government
but leased under temporal holding to urban settlers engaged in traditional farming practices (slash
and burn agriculture)
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Figure 3-4: Land Use Map of the Project Area
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CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 SOCIO-ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS AND CONSULTATION WITH
STAKEHOLDERS
4.1 Socio-Economic Assessment
The socio-economic assessment studies were aimed at examining the socioeconomic conditions of
the assessed community. This will be relevant for measuring and monitoring the progress of this
ESMP implementation. This involved
a. Detailed socio-economic data collection through formal and informal discussions
with focus groups, and the use of a comprehensive questionnaire for data collection
which provided information of Household bio-data (demographic information);
Livelihoods and Inventory of economic trees and cash crops.
Also, census of the PAPs was also conducted to fully characterize the impact on each
affected person.
b. Use of Maps and GIS: Survey maps as well as high resolution imagery were used to
identify and map out the project area identifying any locations of structures relative
to the project corridor.
The qualitative analysis involved an assessment of information obtained during the stakeholders’
consultations and public participation forums and discussions. The socioeconomic study provided
necessary primary quantitative data for the project assessment. This quantitative data included:
Household census of the people identified as PAPs;
Establishing the socioeconomic profile of respondents;
Livelihoods activities to be affected by project;
Establishing area of land to be affected;
4.1.1 Gender Distribution of Assessed Community
Findings reveal that 60% of PAPs are females while 40% are males, indicating that there are more
female respondents than males. This implies that vulnerability concerns will apply as there are a
good number of female respondents.
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Figure 4-1: Gender Distribution of Assessed Community
4.1.2 Relationship to Household Head/ Gender
Drawing comparison between the Relationship of respondents to Household Heads and Gender
brings to light the fact that approximately 33% (2 out of 6) of respondents who are Head of
Household (Self) are females while about 67% (4 out of 6) of respondents who are Head of
Households (Self) are males. Furthermore, there are no male respondents who are in the category of
‘Spouse’ (ie. 100% female spouses).
Figure 4-2: Relationship to Household Head/ Gender
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4.1.3 Relationship to Household Head versus Social Group
20% (2 out of 10) of the total respondents are vulnerable. Figure 4-3: Relationship to Household Head versus Social Group
4.1.4 Age Distribution of Respondents The age distribution of respondents is as presented in the chart below, with 20% (2 out of 10) being between 19 – 35 years while 30% are between 36 – 50 years. 50% representing the aged are above 50 years. As such, vulnerability issues should be taken into consideration in the implementation of the intervention. Figure 4-4: Age Distribution of Respondents
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4.1.5 Average household size of Respondents
The socio-economic study revealed that 60% of respondents have large households (Above 7 persons). This is a major reason why improving their standard of living is paramount upon displacement from their current farming activities. Figure 4-5: Household size
4.1.6 Category of Respondents All the PAPs as indicated by the assessment are encroachers. This means that they are not the owners of the land. As stated earlier in this report, the entire gully site is owned by the government (bought from the community for building of public infrastructures). The PAPs therefore were only permitted to cultivate on the land but have no ownership claims to the land. Their claims are only for the crops/ economic trees cultivated.
4.1.7 Awareness/ Perception of Respondents on the NEWMAP Intervention With regards to knowledge of community on the proposed intervention, survey showed that all the respondents are aware of the project. The awareness was created by the NEWMAP consultant on RAP. Furthermore, all respondents expressed their desire for implementation of the project acclaiming its potential positive impact. Hence, their perception of the project was ‘Good’.
4.1.8 Indigeneship Like every urban settlement, the non-indigent settlers are present in Umuzocha, close to the gully
site. As such, only 40% (4) of respondents are indigenes while 60% (6) are non-indigenes.
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Figure 4-6: Indigeneship
4.1.9 Income status of Respondents/ Poverty Level The total income of PAPs is a combination of the monthly incomes from Primary and Secondary occupation. Income analysis shows that some persons have a single source while others have two sources of income. Findings reveal that the income of 20% (2 out of 10) of PAPs falls between 11,000 to 20,000; 30% (3 out of 10) earn between 21,000 to 30,000; while 50% (5 out of 10) earn above 30,000. The World Bank Global poverty line has progressively being reviewed upwards from $1 per day per person to $1.9 in 2015. In October 2017, it was further increased to $3.2 per day per person. Going by this poverty line, individuals who earn less than $3.2 per day are considered to be extremely poor.
Applying the current US Dollar to Nigerian Naira exchange rate of ₦360 to $1 gives an equivalent
poverty line of ₦27,648.00 (considering inflationary rate in Nigeria, 30,000 can be included in the poverty line). Therefore, 50% (5 out of 10) of PAPs are extremely poor because their total monthly income is
below ₦30,000; while 50% of PAPs earn above 30,000 and are therefore not poor, being above the poverty line. It is therefore expected that the compensation of these PAPs will enhance their livelihoods for improved standard of living. This is necessary in order to achieve relevant NEWMAP development objectives.
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Figure 4-7: Total Monthly Income/ Poverty Level of Respondents
4.2 Secondary Data Collection
Tables below show Secondary data obtained from the National Population Commission (NPC), Abuja. Table 4-1 discusses on the distribution of households by type of housing units in Awka Southand Anambra based on secondary data. In Comparison to primary data provided above majorityof the households as seen during field observation revealed that the respondents either live inFlats or Room/Let in Houses. Table 4-1: Distribution of Households by Type of Housing Unit
Categories Awka South Anambra State
House on a separate stand/Yard
22,399 51,9502
Traditional/hut structure made of Traditional Material
214 33,946
Flat in Block of Flats 7,087 11,7952
Semi Detached House 1,527 58,446
Rooms/Let in House 6,272 94,500
Informal/Impoverished Building
100 6,205
Other 947 52,324
TOTAL 38,546 88,2875 Source: National Population Commission (2006) Access to the distribution of household by sources of water supply for domestic use wasevaluated as seen in table 2.4, for Awka South and Anamabra State. None of the respondents inthe project area
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have access to pipe-borne water. This is because a functional water supplynetwork does not exist and most people make use of private and commercial boreholes. Table 4-2: Distribution of household by sources of water supply for domestic use
Categories Awka South Anambra State
Pipe borne inside dwelling 1,868 31,494
Pipe borne outside dwelling 4,961 53,485
Tanker supply water vendor 3,772 76,925
Well 4,116 95,351
Borehole 12,475 171,422
Rain Water 913 91,687
River/Stream 8,083 247,533
Dugout/Pond/Lake/Dam 172 31,119
Other 2,186 83,854
TOTAL 38,546 882,875 Source: National Population Commission (2006)
When compared to primary data, information for use of water closet, pit latrine and public toiletscorresponded to that provided from Secondary data. Table 4-3 shows the distribution of regularhousehold by type of toilet facilities. Table 4-3: Distribution of Regular Household by Type of Toilet Facilities
Categories Awka South Anambra State
Water Closet 15,554 210,226
Pit Latrine 16,775 38,3040
Bucket/Pan 2,522 8,2784
Toilet Facility in another (different) dwelling
256 3,3517
Public Toilet 2,618 10,6745
Nearby Bush//beach/field 764 64,782
Other 57 1,781
TOTAL 38,546 883,875 Source: National Population Commission (2006) The distribution of regular household by type of cooking fuel based on secondary data was alsoevaluated. A greater percentage relies on the use of firewood in cooking. Table 4-4: Distribution of Regular Household by Type of Cooking Fuel
Categories Awka South Anambra State
Electricity 3,498 149,071
Gas 19,94 39,098
Kerosene 21,945 301,744
Firewood 10,706 356,144
Coal 211 29,651
Animal dung/Saw dust 107 3,641
Solar 16 1,752
Other 69 1,774
TOTAL 38,546 882,875
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Source: National Population Commission (2006) Information provided from secondary data on solid waste disposal (see table 4-5), corresponds to primary data with respect to the use of organized collection, public approved dumpsites and unapproved dumpsites in the disposal of solid waste. Table 4-5: Distribution of Regular Household Method Solid Waste Disposal
Categories Awka South Anambra State
Organized Collection 5,388 167,434
Buried by Household 3,811 122,650
Public Approved Dump site 14,363 173,678
Unapproved Dump site 7,131 167,918
Burnt by Household 7,014 211,842
Other 839 39,353
TOTAL 38,546 882,875 Source: National Population Commission (2006)
4.3 Geotechnical Analysis 4.3.1 Soil Analysis
Geotechnical investigation was carried out at Judiciary/ Ekwueme Square gully erosion site during
the feasibility studies. Representative near-surface
soil samples for laboratory analysis were collected
from top to a depth of 15cm / 15 – 30cm and
analyzed accordingly. The data from the report
indicated that the soil at gully head contains
72.705% sand, 21.57% silt and 5.725% clay. The
soil content of the finger and down the gully is as
shown in the table below.
Table 4-6: Soil size parameters
Location GPS Coordinate
Depth (cm)
Sand % Silt % Clay % Sample description
Gully head
NO60 141 13.4 E0070 04 53.1
0-15 72.7 21.6 5.7 Reddish
15-30 80.3 17.0 2.7
Gully finger
N060 141 16.011 E0070 04 57.2
0-15 76 20.5 3.5 Reddish brown 15-30 78 19.1 2.9
Down Gully
N060 141 16.9 E0070 04 51.1
0-15 90 8.9 1.1 Reddish- dark brown
15-30 85.3 9.0 5.7
It is apparent that the entire sequence is sandy and loose; a condition that favors easy soil dispersal
and erosion. This makes the soil easily erodible. The soil pH in water gives a concentration of 6.05
which is alkaline
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4.3.2 Water Quality Analysis
There is small seasonal stream in the gully. The proposed intervention work is not expected to physically reach the location of the stream in terms of actual work but the migration of pollutants from the upper sub-catchment at the construction phase will predispose the water quality to high level concentration of heavy metals noxious to human health. However, because of the sloppy nature of the area of work, siltation is likely during rain in the first stream. The results of the Umuzuocha Stream physico-chemical, heavy metal and microbiological analysis of the surface water samples conducted at the Springboard Research Laboratory, Awka are as presented below. Physical observation of the water shows that the water samples are clean, colorless and had no odor. The pH of the water samples were none acidic(6.18). The total dissolved solids, the total suspended solids, total hardness and conductivity contents were within the WHO/ FMEnv limits for surface water with concentrations of 0.14 and 0.134; 0.02 and 0.01; 20.0 and 18.63; and 42.5 and 41.99us/cm at the upstream and downstream respectively.
The background concentrations of heavy metals in the surface water body were analyzed both at the upstream. The values of the heavy metals detected were: Calcium, 0.869ppm and Sodium, 4.949ppm (these are within the WHO standard) while there were no trace of heavy metals such as Cobalt, Magnesium, Silver, Zinc, Copper, Manganese, Chromium, Molybdenum, Tin and Aluminum in the water.Nevertheless, metals such as Mercury, Cadmium, Lead, Nickel, Iron, and Coliform count were found in concentrations higher than the WHO standards, thus compromising the potability of the water. In general, consumption of water that does not meet potability standard put human at the risk of
gastro-intestinal diseases apart from other chronic ailments. Such diseases include diarrhea,
dysentery and cholera among others.
Table 4-7: Water Analysis result
Parameters Concentrations Reference value (WHO std)
Remark
Upstream (N 06 14.338 E 007 04,655)
Downstream (N 06 14.434 E 007 04.524)
pH in H2O 6.18 6.18 ≤6.58-8.5 Passed
Conductivity us/cm 42.5 70.1 ≤500us/cm Passed
Acidity mg/l 16.25 16.25
Alkalinity mg/l 2.5 2.5
Chloride mg/l 80 78.2 ≤200mg/l Passed
Hardness mg/l 20 16.4 ≤70ppm Passed
total solid mg/l 0.16 0.9 ≤250mg/l Passed
Total suspended solid mg/l 0.02 0.38 ≤250mg/l Passed
Total dissolved solid mg/l 0.14 1.20 ≤250mg/l Passed
Phosphate mg/l 0.218 0.16 ≤2mg/l Passed
Nitrate mg/l 3.856 2.5 ≤10mg/l Passed
Sulphate mg/l 58.133 30.6 ≤200mg/l Passed
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Cobalt ppm 0.00 0.00 ≤1.0ppm Passed
Mercury ppm 2.983 3.01 ≤0.03ppm Failed
Magnesium ppm 0.00 0.00 ≤10.00ppm Passed
Silver ppm 0.00 0.00 ≤0.05ppm Passed
Cadmium ppm 0.062 0.03 ≤0.01ppm Failed
Lead ppm 0.405 0.64 ≤0.05ppm Failed
Zinc ppm 0.00 0.00 ≤5ppm Passed
Copper ppm 0.00 0.00 ≤1ppm Passed
Manganese ppm 0.00 0.00 ≤0.05ppm Passed
Nickel ppm 0.754 0.69 ≤0.03ppm Failed
Iron ppm 83.33 81.18 ≤1.00ppm Failed
Sodium ppm 4.949 3.05 5.00ppm Passed
Calcium ppm 0.869 0.48 ≤10.00ppm Passed
Chromium ppm 0.00 0.00 ≤0.005ppm Passed
Molybdenum ppm 0.00 0.00 ≤0.07ppm Passed
Tin ppm 0.00 0.00 0.00 Passed
Aluminum ppm 0.00 0.00 0.00 Passed
Colliform count cfu 10 10 Nil Failed
4.3.3 Noise Level Assessment
The noise level was measured using a sound level meter called N09AQ™ Environment meter,
which was calibrated before being used for the analysis. The noise levels were taken at three
sampling points; within the proposed site, 30m upwind and 30m downwind. The readings recorded
from the digital meter were in decibels dB(A). The meter’s measurement range is between 35-100
dB(A).
Table 4-8 shows that the ambient noise levels in the site area averaged 50.8 dB(A) compared to the
set regulatory limit of 50-60dB for residential areas.
Table4-8: Ambient Noise level at the project Intervention Zone
Station Location Noise Level (dB) Northings Eastings
1 06 14.351 007 04.962 53.5
2 06 14.338 007 04.655 48.2
3 06 14.434 007 04.524 50.7
Control 06 14.413 007 64.673 44.1 FMENV LIMIT FOR RESIDENTIAL AREAS 50-60
Besides, the project location is non-residential. As such, the noise level is within acceptable limits
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Figure 4-8: 3D Arial View of the Gully site
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4.4 Summary of Consultations with relevant Stakeholders and Project Affected
Persons
Sustainable project development requires that public and stakeholder perspectives be mainstreamed
throughout a project cycle through adequate/ regular interaction. As such, discussions were held
with key players in the intervention program in order to have a holistic view of the gully situation
and the proposed intervention measure, which became beacons for the development of this all
important document. The Project Affected Persons (PAPs) were not left out as the also made
relevant input towards the production of this document for the achievement of the NEWMAP
Project Development Objective (PDO). The interactions were held:
4.4.1 Consultative meetings with the SPMU
Several meetings were held with the SPMU prior to commencement of field visit for discussion on
the project. These consultations which provided relevant insight and guidance continued even after
the submission of inception report. The importance of such interaction cannot be over emphasized
as it creates a synergy between the consultant and the SPMU in achieving the NEWMAP objectives
in line with the consultants ToR.
4.4.2 Project Affected Persons /other Stakeholders’ Engagement
Series of meetings were held with the PAPs and other stakeholders such as staff of the Federal High
Court who gave detailed information on the situation and origin of the gully (as contained in the
history of the gully in section 2.1 above) including the human activities around the project area.
It was as a result of such interaction that PAPs were identified with evidence of their activities with
the project area.
The predominant land use here is basically administrative due to the presence of office complexes
(secretariat) and a high court that serves judicial purposes. This reveals that the project site is not
residential, having few farmlands which were verified for the determination of owners captured as
PAPs. A total of 10 PAPs (4 males and 6 females) were identified. They are all encroaching farmers
as the entire gully is on a government owned land. Crops/ trees within the verified farmlands are
predominantly Cassava, Yam, Cocoyam, ugwu and Plantain.
See Annex for detailed profile of Project Affected Persons showing GPS coordinates, farm
size and their claims.
Also attached at the annexes are the Minutes of various meetings held with accessed
community and the attendance sheets.
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Photograph of Project Affected Persons (PAPs) at the Federal High Court -
Ekwueme Square Gully Erosion Site in Awka, Anambra State
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CHAPTER FIVE
5.0 ASSESSMENT OF POTENTIAL ADVERSE IMPACTS AND ANALYSIS OF
ALTERNATIVES
This Chapter contains a summary of the impacts that are likely to result from the intervention work
as a result of the interaction between the project components and the environmental elements. The
method employed for impact identification and evaluation is also given in this Chapter
5.1 Impact Identification and Evaluation
The identification and management of impacts associated with work activities were based on a risk
assessment method which involves:
Identification of intervention activities that may interact with the site environment.
Implementing controls to reduce the risk of impacts.
Monitoring the effectiveness of the controls.
The key activities of the proposed intervention work were identified and then interacted through the
pathways (or events) that may cause impacts on the environment. The associated potential impacts
where then identified and listed. The risk of the impacts occurring was analyzed by determining the
consequence severity of the impacts and the likelihood of consequences occurring. The severity of
the consequences was determined using a Consequence Severity Table and the likelihood of an
impact resulting from a pathway was determined with a Likelihood Ranking Table and then the level
of risk was determined using a Risk Matrix.
To prevent or minimize the impacts, controls were placed on the pathways in this order of priority:
Elimination of the activity.
Substitution with a lower risk activity.
Best solutions (engineering and administrative) to reduce the impact of the event and/or
control the activity.
Clean up or remediation measures to mitigate impacts after an event.
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5.2 Rating of impacts
Five steps were followed sequentially in order to rate the impacts of the various activities of the
project as shown
Step 1: Identification of Potential Impacts Expected impacts were determined based on anticipated interactions between project activitiesand major environmental and social sensitivities. Step 2 and 3: Qualification of Impacts Qualification of impacts was based two assessment characteristics: Step 2: Likelihood of occurrence – This is an assessment of the probability of the effect occurring. Step 3: Potential consequence – This is the actual result and scale that an effect might have. Theapplication of each of the two characteristics is described below.
Table 5-1: Likelihood of Occurrence of Impact
Impact Probability Likelihood Frequency
High probability (80-100%) A very likely impact Very frequent impacts
Medium high probability (60-80%
A likely impact Frequent impacts
Medium probability (40-60%) A possible impact Occasional impacts
Medium low probability (20- An unlikely impact Few impacts
Stage 1:
Identification
Interaction
between project
activities and
environmental
sensitivity
Stage 2: Qualification of
impacts
Positive/ negative
Direct/ indirect
Duration: permanent
(long term)/
temporary (short
term)
Magnitude: local/
widespread
Stage 3: Rating of
Significance
Likelihood (High, 80-100%,i.e. very
likely; Medium high, 60-
80%, i.e. likely; Medium,
40-60%, i.e. possible;
MediumLow, 20-40%, i.e.
unlikely; Low, 0-20% i.e.
very unlikely)
Stage 4: Degree of
Significance of Impact
Four degrees of
significance:
Major
Moderate
Minor
Negligible
Stage 5: Impact Table
Lists each impact, its
source and its rating
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40%)
Low probability (0-20%) A very unlikely impact
Rare impacts
The magnitude of the potential changes to the physical and social environment caused by theimpact of an activity or hazard, and the level of sensitivity of the receiving environmentdetermine the potential impact of the activity. This is shown below:
Table 5-2: The impact assessment matrix
Potential Consequences
Likelihood Positive Negative
Hardly
any Little Considerable Great Extreme
High Moderate Moderate Major Major Major
Medium
High Minor Moderate Moderate Major Major
Medium Minor Minor Moderate Moderate Major
Medium
Low Negligible Minor Minor Moderate Moderate
Low Negligible Negligible Minor Minor Moderate
Table 5-3: Potential Consequences Classification Matrix
M a g n i t u d e o f E f f e c t
Receptor sensitivity
Low change M e d i u m c h a n g e
H i g h c h a n g e
Low receptor sensitivity
T r i v i a l e f f e c t
S l i g h t e f f e c t
S u b s t a n t i a l e f f e c t
Medium receptor sensitivity
Slight effect S u b s t a n t i a l e f f e c t
B i g e f f e c t
High receptor sensitivity
S u b s t a n t i a l e f f e c t
B i g e f f e c t
M a s s i v e e f f e c t
Table 5-4: The potential consequence and effects matrix
Potential Consequence Effect
E x t r e m e
c o n s e q u e n c e
A massive effect
G r e a t
c o n s e q u e n c e
A big effect
C o n s i d e r a b l e
c o n s e q u e n c e
A s u b s t a n t i a l
e f f e c t
L i t t l e
c o n s e q u e n c e
A slight effect
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H a r d l y a n y
c o n s e q u e n c e
A t r i v i a l
e f f e c t
Table 5-5: Degree of significance
Impact Significance Impact Rating
Major significance Major impact
Moderate significance Moderate impact
Minor significance Minor impact
Negligible significance Negligible impact
5.3 Potential Environmental and Social Impacts of the Project
5.3.1 The Project Benefits
The project is envisaged to have a range of positive environmental and social impacts. Some of these
are a function of the objectives of the project, while others are a function of the way in which the
project is designed to meet its objectives.
The major benefits will occur in the form of improved erosion management and gully rehabilitation which will
provide for:
Reduced loss of infrastructure including roads, houses, etc.
Reduced loss of agricultural land and productivity from soil loss caused by surface erosion.
Reduced siltation in rivers leading to less flooding and the preservation of the water systems
for improved access to domestic water supply.
Reduced risks of floods (due to reduced siltation)
Progressively restored vegetative cover, improved environmental conditions and more
humid local microclimates. This results in increased vegetation cover for wildlife and carbon
sequestration.
Environmental improvements due to land stabilization measures which preserve the
landscape and biodiversity.
5.3.2 Negative Impacts
The proposed development unfortunately is also likely to exert adverse impacts on the social and
physical environment within which it is executed. No major potential environmental impacts are
expected, but only minor impacts associated with site preparation, earth works, waste generation,
traffic and safety which are localized and reversible. The potential negative impacts of attention are:
Increased level of noise and dust nuisance during the preparation of site, and trucking
materials to sites.
Generation, temporary storage and disposal of waste from the labor camp. These may cause
dust emissions, erosion, littering, damage to soil.
Contamination of soil and groundwater by stored fuel, lubricants, paints; and refueling of
vehicles.
Safety of labor and public during the construction phase in site and around it
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Traffic disruption
These impacts can be divided into short-term construction related impacts and long-term operation
unavoidable impacts. The short-term impacts include rehabilitation/construction related traffic,
dust, noise, and disruption of vehicle and pedestrian traffic. A more project specific potential
negative impacts and the level of impacts that could emanate from the projects are summarized in
Table 5-6.
5.3.2.1 Construction Phase
The most damaging impact normally occurs during the construction stage. Generally, due to the
type, duration and nature of construction activities envisaged, the anticipated environmental impacts
are not expected to be significant. Construction activities are one time activities and not permanent,
about six months - one year. Based on the duration of the construction activities, impacts associated
with construction activities are rated “Low” on duration.
- Nevertheless, unless good construction management practices are followed, the short-term
construction-related impacts shall include impacts such as increased runoff, air quality, noise and
vibration, drainage, flooding and solid wastes management. Social negative impacts are unlikely as no
displacement is expected other than occupational health and safety.
5.3.2.2 Operation Phase
The operational Phase could be seen as the long-term, permanent activity and thus impacts under
this as well as their management issues are considered recurring problems. Therefore the impacts are
expected to be long-term operation and unavoidable impacts. These are likely to consist mainly of
waste generation due to inspection, maintenance of the erosion control devices, etc.
5.3.3 Irreversible Environmental Changes
The proposed project site will neither consume nor alter significant land, environmental and socio-
cultural resources except for structures within 15 m of the set back. The proposed project will not
generate significant demands on natural resources of the immediate or surrounding area nor disturb
archaeological sites. Thus no long-term losses of significant resources are anticipated during the
intervention works.
5.3.4 Cumulative /Secondary Impacts
Cumulative impacts are changes to the environment that are caused by an activity in combination
with other past, present and future human activities.
The concept of cumulative effects is an important one. It holds that while impacts may be small
individually, the overall impact of all environmental changes affecting the receptors taken together
can be significant. When a resource is nearing its tolerance threshold, a small change can push it
over. The objective of the cumulative impact assessment is to identify the environmental and/or
socio-economic aspects that may not on their own constitute a significant impact but when
combined with impacts from past, present or reasonable foreseeable future activities associated with
this and/or other projects result in a larger and more significant impacts.
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The envisaged cumulative /secondary impacts arising from the intervention works is considered
minimal. This is based on the fact that the project area is not located close to any environmentally
sensitive area or human habitation; there is no known environmental degrading facility close to the
project location. Most importantly, the project is an intervention work to rehabilitate the devastation
of the environment and road. This will enhance public good and reduce travel time and distance for
the community members.
The project plan includes the planting of vegetation which are environmentally supportive.
5.3.5 Environmental justice
The intervention activity serves the remedy the devastation of a road gullied by erosion which has
caused nightmare for members of the communities. Thus the outcome is not meant for a particular
section of the society, in respective of status. The neighborhood within which the intervention will
take place will rather be enhanced and not affected negatively by the physical environmental impacts
more than other areas.
Table 5.6: Identified Potential Impacts
S/N Envisaged Activities Potential Impact +/-
Impact level
Negligible
Low Medium High
A Preconstruction: Planning & Preparatory activities Civil Work Construction
1. Movement of Equipment & materials Dust raising and noise generation Increase in noise nuisance Accidents
X
2. Land acquisition for right of way Displacement of asset Negative perception and discontent expressions by members of the community.
X
B Construction
C BIOPHYSICAL ISSUES
1 Site clearing of set-back from edge of gully
Removal of Flora & fauna Displacement of asset
X
Earthworks - Excavation, grading, compaction, filling and other civil works
Disturbance of the natural drainage of site Increase in the
X
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S/N Envisaged Activities Potential Impact +/-
Impact level
Negligible
Low Medium High
amount of disturbed soil and could in turn increases the amount of erosion which can occur. Increase sedimentation and runoff Risk of pollution to water courses Destruction of visual scenery Damage to abutting land use construction sites
2. General Treatment of the gully erosion Failure due to poor integration between physical and biological measures. Failure to complete the treatment works for any reason – tantamount to not getting the required protection and a waste of time and resources.
X
3. Gully Stabilisation/Use of Vegetation as control & buffers Grass-lined Channel (Turf reinforcement mats)
Failure of lined drainage channels and energy dissipaters after major storms/runoffs enters the channel. Debris/ sediment accumulation in outlets and points where concentrated flow enters the channels, bank instability, and scour holes developing
X
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S/N Envisaged Activities Potential Impact +/-
Impact level
Negligible
Low Medium High
4. Structural Erosion and Sediment Control Practices - Structural practices used in sediment and erosion control to divert storm water flows away from exposed areas, convey runoff, prevent sediments from moving offsite, and can also reduce the erosive forces
Drainage lines and ephemeral waterways may have areas that could be ‘erosion starters’. Degrade water quality Alteration of local hydrology Damage of valuable ecosystems and habitats The release of fine sediments and turbid water into water body can adversely affect the health and biodiversity of aquatic life in water body downstream, increase in the concentration of nutrients and metals, reduce light penetration into the water
X
5 Use of heavy Equipment on site and transport vehicles on the public roads
Vibration generate lateral waves to the surrounding structure and could lead to failure Contaminate ground or surface water when hydraulic oil, motor oil or other harmful mechanical fluids are spilled Noise generation and air quality degradation, especially dust Sediment transport from the site onto public roads or adjacent properties via the wheels,
X
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S/N Envisaged Activities Potential Impact +/-
Impact level
Negligible
Low Medium High
chassis and side of vehicles. Disruption of visual scenery
6 Construction camp and crew
Soil contamination, Unhygienic work environment and disturbance of the neighbourhood Dis-affection in the community
X
7. Storing Materials/
Loss of the stockpiled material Damage to valuable ecosystems and habitats Leaks of hazardous materials from equipment or storage
X
8 Social Issues Poor social interaction between community members and workers.
X
9 Waste/Spoil disposal High volume of waste/spoil Spoil tipped away from designated areas
X
10 Local culture and society Socio-cultural values may be altered and the stability of communities adversely affected by presence of construction workers in the area Exposure to rapid social change or tourism.
X
11 Land use/Land take Displacement of assets or means of livelihood
X
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S/N Envisaged Activities Potential Impact +/-
Impact level
Negligible
Low Medium High
12 Utility Disruptions Construction activities and the need to realign utility supply lines
X
13 Quarry for fill materials Use of agricultural land Exposure of other erosion prone sites
X
14 Site Work – occupational & Public Safety and Health
Excavation exposes inhabitants and crew to risk of falls and injuries in excavation pits Use of equipment and movement of vehicles includes accident rates/ traffic hazards. Burrow Areas for fill materials could lead to accidents Exposure to atmospheric emissions from construction equipment Exposure to excessive and continuous noise and vibration from construction activities Risk of water source pollution Dust emission
X
D Operation and Maintenance
1 Maintenance Poor maintenance create gullies and standing pools Create mud-holes, potholes Breed disease vectors in settling basins and
X
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S/N Envisaged Activities Potential Impact +/-
Impact level
Negligible
Low Medium High
retention ponds
E Decommissioning
1 Break up old surface and soil, etc. Cause soil erosion Degrade water quality Dust generation Disruption of the secondary/ newly emerged flora
X
5.4 Analysis of Project Alternatives
In the context of this ESMP, analysis of project alternatives refers to the performance of the natural
and socio-economic resources with or without the project or with or without the implementation of
the measures of this ESMP and/or other safeguard instrument considered appropriate.
For intervention work of this nature, there are usually a number of viable options that can be
considered. These alternatives include: the no project option; delayed project; alternative
site/location and project execution options. For this project, analysis of the various alternatives is
presented as follows:
5.4.1 Rock Lined Chute option The rock lined chute is used to lower surface water into the open channel where a gully has
developed. The chute is sized according to drainage area and site factors. Proper sizing of the rock
to withstand the expected velocity of water in the chute is the key factor. For the installation of this
structure a good source of rock must be available in the area. Rock chutes are an essential item in
the stabilization of gullies, as illustrated in the figure 4.1 below. Wherever practical erosion problems
should be stabilized synthetic material should only be used in circumstances where natural based
solutions fail to achieve the required stability.
Most rock chute failure occur from either
Poor construction practices
Water passing around or the use of inadequately sized rock (as a result of either a design or
construction problems).
The critical components of the rock chute design are:
Control of flow entry into the chute;
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Determination of an appropriate rock size; and
The design of energy dissipation measures at the base of the chute to prevent undermining
of the chute and damage to the gully banks.
The upper surface of the rock chute must blend with the surrounding land to allow water to
freelyenter the chute without being diverted along the edge of the rock lining.The rock size must be
based on the flow conditions down the chute, the slope of the chute, theshape of the rocks (i.e.
round or angular), and the degree of variability in rock size. Therecommended mean rock size for
long, straight chutes may be determined.
Constraints
The non-availability of rocks in the area could be step back in the use of this alternative
5.4.2 Wood Drop Structure option
Wood has been used in various ways to control soil erosion. Over the past few years, the wood drop
structure has been used with much success. Figure 4.3 illustrates a wood drop structure.The wood
must be adequately treated to withstand contact with the soil in a wet condition andadequate
drainage around this structure required.
Constraints
As the gully is deep and very wide its encroachment would be continuous with the use of this
alternative. Since trapping of sand would be a dependent factor.
5.4.3 Vegetated Over Fall Structure option
The most economical way to solve gully erosion problems is with plants or grass, planting of grass
such as the vetiver and Bamboo.
A "Bio-Structural" approach to erosion and slope stability problems; i.e., incorporating
plannedvegetation elements in engineering designs, can be less expensive, more effective, and
moreadaptable than purely structural solutions. Vegetation should be used in conjunction with geo-
textiles and engineered structures whenever appropriate and practical.Vegetation selected for "Bio-
structural" design elements should be native whenever possible. Plantschosen should also be
appropriate to the site, have wide adapt-ability, favorable spread andreproductive capability, superior
control value, roots of high tensile strength, and is availablecommercially.
5.4.4 Project Alternatives
5.4.4.1 No Project Alternative
The no project option implies that the intervention work shall not be executed; hence there is no
need to carry out this study. This implies the site will remain in its current state and perhaps widen
due to natural forces without even any interference from man. Nevertheless, this situation will
worsen and put the activities of man and the environment into further jeopardy since the area is
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already exposed to the forces of erosion. The intervention work is designed to stop these forces and
mitigate any negative impacts that may arise.
Therefore, choosing the no project option will mean a loss of efforts made by all parties to ensure
the erosive forces do not continue to pose risk to lives and the environment and even loss of job
opportunity to Nigerians. The ‘no project option’ is therefore not considered a viable option.
5.4.4.2 Delayed Project Alternative
This option implies that the planned intervention be delayed until a much later date. Such option is
usually taken when conditions are unfavourable to project implementation such as in heavy rainfall,
war situation, or where the host community is deeply resentful to it. Also, if the prevailing economic
climate is not quite favourable, then delayed option may be feasible. None of these conditions is
applicable at present. Further delay will mean the onset of heavy rainfall that is not favourable for
the proposed treatment method. At present, both the economic and the political environment and
natural environmental phenomena are most favourably disposed towards it. Therefore, the
implication of delayed project option will mean that all the preliminary work and associated efforts/
costs incurred would have come to nothing. Also, because of inflationary trends, such a delay may
result in unanticipated increase in project costs, which may affect the final target from the project.
These, and other related problems make adopting the delayed option impracticable.
5.4.4.3 Go Ahead Alternative
This option means going ahead to implement the intervention work. This also entails incorporating
professional advice on the most practicable option such as are spelt out in this ESMP and other
relevant safeguard instruments and/or best practices relating to the execution of the intervention.
This will definitely reassure the public of their safety and the environment. It will also aid
employment creation. The environmental threats from the gully erosion will be reduced drastically, if
not totally solved in that area. The devastation by erosion that has rendered the existing road
impassable will be addressed and solved. This option is therefore considered the most viable and
recommended for implementation.
However, in going ahead, appropriate measures for the gully treatment must be adopted and applied.
5.4.4.4 Gully Treatment options and scenarios
Treatment of gullies depends on a range of factors including: the size of the gully, whether it is
actively eroding or not, the soil type, the size and frequency of water flow, the gradient of the area
and the desired use of the land after rehabilitation. The situation of the proposed intervention area
shows that the best option or combination of the following options should be employed:
Table 5.7: Gully Treatment Options and scenarios
S/No Treatment Option Scenario For Proposed Intervention work
1 The do nothing approach Applicable when assets are not at risk from erosion.
Not applicable
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S/No Treatment Option Scenario For Proposed Intervention work
This option can result in downstream significant sedimentation problems. Generally the slowest option to achieve a stable gully.
2 Backfilling the gully and forming a stable drainage state
Generally only viable for small gullies. This option requires only cheap supplies of materials for gully/earth filling Generally the quickest Option to achieve a stable gully.
Applicable
3 Partially backfilling the gullies using natural sedimentation processes
This is usually the cheapest option in the long run.
This option relies on the on-going supply of sediments from the upstream gully erosion. If the upstream gully is stabilized as part of the overall gully rehabilitation, then there may be insufficient sediments to backfill the weirs.
This option is often adopted, when the gully extends upstream of a given property.
Not applicable
4 Partially backfilling using local or imported materials
This option requires heavy machinery.
High safety risks are often associated with such project and Earth works.
Battering the gully bank to provide a source of fill usually accelerate the rehabilitation of the gull bank.
Not Applicable
5 Stabilization of gully without partial backfilling of the beds or battering of the banks
This option can result in a long drawn-out process, requiring planting and replanting. Significant sediment loss can occur before the gully bank reach a stable form
Not Applicable
Adopted from Catchment & Creeks Pty Ltd, 2010
5.5 The Preferred Alternative The preferred alternative would be to implement the current project proposal, however with a combination of suitable option to enable the project achieve its objectives.
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CHAPTER SIX
6.0 ENVIRONMENTAL & SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (ESMP)
In the project design the impacts identified were duly incorporated. While the design stands to
strengthen the positive impacts, a priority in the project planning and design has been to avoid
potential negative environmental and social impacts. Thus as much as possible in the design and
selection of site, work methods, equipment, for the project, etc. identified negative impacts are
already mitigated
Nevertheless, some of the impacts will require additional measures such as sound operational
procedures and good housekeeping. Provisions have been made for this in the entire arrangement of
the planned work for construction and operation for impacts that are unavoidable. With all intent
and purpose, the proposed project activities whether during construction or operation shall not
constitute environmental and social burdens to the environment that cannot be managed effectively.
6.1 Mitigation Measures
The mitigation measures are activities aimed at reducing the severity, avoiding or controlling project
impacts and where possible enhance environmental quality through the designed alternatives,
scheduling or other means. Mitigation may be in the form of avoidance (alternative action taken to
avoid impact), compensatory payment of money or replacement in kind for losses or recreation of
lost/damaged habitat.
The measures proposed are specific, measurable, achievable and relevant to the proposed and time
based (SMART). The measures also took into account the environmental laws in Nigeria, and
internationally and the principles of sustainable development and best available technology.
Most of the likely impacts due to the proposed project have been considered in the design and
selection of treatment options.
6.2 Residual Impacts after Mitigation
Residual Effects can be considered as those that remain significant following the application of
mitigation measures, although they are likely to have been reduced in magnitude as a result of the
mitigation measure implemented.
Overall, on balance, with the provision of the proposed mitigation measures as outlined in Table 6.9,
the positive impacts of the scheme will considerably outweigh the negative impacts. The public as a
whole will benefit from the completion of the scheme.
6.3 Enhancement of Positive Impacts and Reduction/Avoidance of Negative
Impacts
A Mechanism for Enhancement of Positive Impacts and Reduction/Avoidance of Negative Impacts
has been developed in relation to the
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Project Concept and design,
Construction and Operation,
Control of Earthworks and
Erosion and Sediment Control Plan,
Control of Water Quality, Waste Management ,
Control of Air and Noise Pollution
Environmental Code of Conduct for tender documents and
Social Integration and Participation
All these management programmes have been developed as part of the ESMP to make it effective
and functional. Annex 4 highlights the General Environmental Management Conditions For
Construction Draft ESMP. In the course of work, the contractor shall execute all the mitigation
measures under the monitoring and supervision of the safeguard officers of the PMU and Ministry
of Environment officials with intermittent World Bank supervision mission.
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6.4 Environmental and Social Management Plan
Table 6.1: Environmental and Social Management Plan
S/N
Activities Envisaged
Potential Impact Mitigation measures Monitoring Indicators
Frequency Responsibility Cost of Mitigation
Measures (₦)
implementation monitoring
A Mobilization/ Preparatory activities
1. Movement of Equipment & Materials
Dust raising and noise generation Noise
Increase in noise nuisance Raise public awareness of unusual activity Plan activities such that Regulatory limits are not exceeded
Levels in relation to regulatory limits lower, Number or absence of public complaints
During Mobilization/actual movement to the site/staging
Contractor, SPMU Environmental Safeguard officer and FoNGO
To be costed by contractor
2 Movement of Equipment & Materials
Reduction in air quality due to vehicular movement
Employ fuel efficient and well maintained haulage trucks with proper exhaust system to minimize emissions. All parked vehicles on the site shall have their engines turned off; Service vehicles as at when due and stick to manufacturers’ specifications in use Develop and follow a controlled fueling, maintenance and servicing protocol
Levels in relation to regulatory limits, Number or absence of public complaints
During Mobilization /actual movement to the site/staging
Contractor, SPMU Environmental Safeguard officer
same
3. Movement of Equipment & Materials - Health & Safety Issues -
Accidents - Movement of heavy equipment to worksite which may pose danger to public
Place visible warning signs on roads and vehicles Raise public awareness of unusual activity
Zero accident/No of accidents
During Mobilization /actual movement to the site/staging
Contractor, SPMU Environmental and Social Safeguard officer
same
Sub-total
B. Construction
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S/N
Activities Envisaged
Potential Impact Mitigation measures Monitoring Indicators
Frequency Responsibility Cost of Mitigation
Measures (₦)
implementation monitoring
BIOPHYSICAL ISSUES
1 Site clearing of Removal of Flora Perform clearance in stages
Absence of land Once Contractor MH, MOE, ESO & NRO
To be costed by contractor
set-back from edge of gully
&fauna Displacement of asset
Develop compensation plan for displaced asset in line with the RAP that was prepared where only the LG was identified as the only PAP
degradation due to avoidable vegetation clearance/no scar, absence of complaint from PAP/communities
during site clearance
Contractor, MOW, MoE, ESO, SLO & NRO
Payment via RAP
2. General Treatment of the gully erosion,
Failure due to poor integration between physical and biological measures. Failure to complete the treatment works for any reason – tantamount to not getting the required protection and a waste of time and resources.
Careful planning and attention to detail Remove the cause of the gully. Ensure quality work Do gully filling only after the water flow that caused the gully has been controlled or diverted above the gully head. Otherwise fill placed in the gully is likely to be undermined and washed away. Avoid filling gullies with rubbish, logs, rocks, car bodies and other foreign material that are not suitable. Use earthen banks that divert runoff away from the gully head, and convert it to slower, less erosive flow away from the actively eroding area.
Absence of failure due to poor integration between physical and biological measures
During Construction -weekly
Contractor, SPMU ESO MH, MOE & MOW World Bank
To be costed by ontractor
3. Gully Accumulation of Design structures so that Absence of During HSEO, Contractor, SPMU ESO MH, same
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S/N
Activities Envisaged
Potential Impact Mitigation measures Monitoring Indicators
Frequency Responsibility Cost of Mitigation
Measures (₦)
implementation monitoring
Stabilization, Use of Vegetation as control & buffers - Grass-lined Channel (Turf reinforcement mats)
debris, sediment accumulation, died grasses, shrub/bush and tree planted, lack of integrity
the flow in the gully is reduced to a non-scouring velocity Plant vegetation between the structures and the gully stabilized Locations of the structures must be placed so that as much sediment is collected as possible, while still ensuring that the structures are stable. Sites should also be relatively smooth at the gully floor, and have a gentle slope between the gully floor and sides. Choose the right time to do it. From late Dry season to early onset of rainy season before heavy rains is generally a suitable time as there is less chance of high volumes of run-off, yet there is sufficient soil moisture and warmth to promote the growth of vegetation.
debris accumulation No of debris remove and repairs made on outlets and points where concentrated flow enters channels, structures. No of inspection made on lined drainage channels and energy dissipaters after major storms/rainfall.
Construction, especially after heavy downpour of rain-weekly
MOE, NRO & MOW
4. Earthworks - Excavation, grading, compaction, filling and other civil works
Disturb the natural drainage of site, Increase the amount of disturbed soil and could in turn increases the
Develop a site plan that does not require a significant amount of grade changes–that fits into existing land contours. Site that will not be re-
Number of drainage lines and ephemeral waterways that could be ‘erosion starters’.
During Construction, especially after heavy downpour of rain
Contractor, MH, MOE, ESO, WRO/NRO & MOW
same
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S/N
Activities Envisaged
Potential Impact Mitigation measures Monitoring Indicators
Frequency Responsibility Cost of Mitigation
Measures (₦)
implementation monitoring
amount of erosion which can occur. Increase sedimentation and runoff Risk of pollution to watercourses
disturbed for a long period should be stabilized to reduce the erosion force These areas until they are disturbed again. E.g. if soil excavated from a temporary sediment Trap is stockpiled to be used later to backfill the trap (when the area is stabilized) then the stockpile Carry out earthworks operations such that surfaces have adequate falls, profiling and drainage to control run-off and prevent ponding and flooding. Control run-off through silt/sediment traps as appropriate to minimize the turbidity of water in outfall areas.
No of Complaint from the community due to poor water quality/sedimentation
5 Use of heavy Equipment on site and transport vehicles on the public roads
Vibration generate lateral waves to the surrounding structure and could lead to failure Contaminate ground or surface water when hydraulic oil, motor oil or other harmful
As much as possible avoid use of heavy duty equipment like bulldozers, pay loaders and trucks used in excavation and loading at the control site, Work schedule to minimize disturbance. Alert the public when loud noise will be generated
Absence/number of oil leakage/spill, absence of impact on structures/cracks/ Absence/number of damage to abutting construction site
During Construction,
Contractor, ESO, MH, MOE & MOW
Same
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S/N
Activities Envisaged
Potential Impact Mitigation measures Monitoring Indicators
Frequency Responsibility Cost of Mitigation
Measures (₦)
implementation monitoring
mechanical fluids are spilled or dumped Spills, leaks or injuries from any type of hazardous material (e.g. bitumen, cement, paint, explosives, fuels, lubricants)
Sound-proofed machines shall be employed Construction vehicle, machinery and equipment move or station always in the designated area only and do not carry activities beyond land hired/given
Absence/number of complaint due to noise & dust generation Absence of sediment transport from the site onto public roads or adjacent properties via the wheels, chassis and side of vehicles.
6. Construction camp and crew
Soil contamination, Unhygienic work environment and disturbance of the surrounding neighbourhood Dis-affection in the community
Identify suitable camp site in consultation with relevant authorities Regular collection and proper disposal of Solid Waste. Ensure and enforce good housekeeping
Wholesome environment Absence of conflict with community members
Daily/All through during Construction
Contractor ESO, MH, MOE & MOW
Same
7. Storing Materials/
loss of the stockpiled material Damage valuable ecosystems and habitats Leaks of hazardous materials from equipment or storage
Stockpiles should not be located within an overland flow path. In order to mitigate the flow of water away from stockpiled material, flow diversion banks can be constructed up-slope of the stockpile to divert run-off. install a sediment fence (or heightened bund wall) on the downhill side
Presence/absence of moved stored material by rain/wind Presence/absence of leaks from substance stored
Daily/All through during Construction
Contractor, ESO, NRS, MH, MOE & MOW
Same
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S/N
Activities Envisaged
Potential Impact Mitigation measures Monitoring Indicators
Frequency Responsibility Cost of Mitigation
Measures (₦)
implementation monitoring
Social Issues
1 Waste/Spoil generation & management (civil works)
Waste generation volume of waste/spoil Spoil tipped away from designated areas
As part of contract requirements, contractor will be required to develop, implement and maintain a Waste Management Plan during the construction works with emphasize to minimize waste and segregate waste Protection of neighborhood from debris due to construction Minimize spoil by balancing cut and fill wherever possible Safe tipping areas identified and enforced. Spoil traps constructed. Dispose in approved sites Provide and mount Giant waste bins as receptacles for waste generated by community to prevent them from dumping it into the gully Community Sensitization and awareness creation on proper solid waste management
Volume of waste generated and disposal method. Good waste management plan in place-acceptable in light of best practice
Daily/All through during Construction
Contractor, ESO, MH, MOE & MOW, Waste Management authority
Same
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S/N
Activities Envisaged
Potential Impact Mitigation measures Monitoring Indicators
Frequency Responsibility Cost of Mitigation
Measures (₦)
implementation monitoring
Liase with the Anambra state environmental and sanitation agency to periodically evacuate waste deposited in the giant waste bins located at strategic points within the catchment
2 Local people excluded from activities
Conflict Incorporate methods within the skills of local people. Contractors encouraged using local labor wherever possible.
Number of community members involved in construction
Twice during construction
Contractor, ESO, SLO, FoNGO, MH, MOE & MOW Officer, Local Government/Site Committee
Same
3 Quarry for fill materials
Use of agricultural land
Avoidance of agriculture lands as borrow areas and other sensitive areas Redevelopment of borrow areas Redevelopment of quarries in case new quarries are setup for the Project
Presence/absence of scouring, erosion, damage to property, water supply disruption. Complaints from local people
During construction
Contractor, , ESO, NRO, MH, MOE & MOW, Local Government/Site Committee
Same
4 Site Work – occupational &Public Safety and Health Dust – water-sprays to control particulates.
Excavation - Expose inhabitants and crew to risk of falls and injuries in excavation pits excavation slope instability causing injury/death Use of equipment and movement of
Take safety precautions to protect being injured by flying or falling rock Poorly planned borrow pits and quarries pose threats, ranging from falls from quarry faces to drowning in quarry pits that have become standing water reservoirs
Zero Accidents/incidents
Every day during construction
HSEO - Contractor,
ESO, MH, MOE & MOW, Local Government/Site Committee,
Same
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S/N
Activities Envisaged
Potential Impact Mitigation measures Monitoring Indicators
Frequency Responsibility Cost of Mitigation
Measures (₦)
implementation monitoring
vehicles includes accident rates/ traffic hazards. excessive and continuous noise and vibration from construction activities Risk of water source pollution
Use equipment with low operating noise levels Restrict construction works to day time hours in location close to residence Introduce traffic/speed control devices Provide safety warning and instruction signboards Use of excavation dewatering, side-walls support, and slope gradient adjustments that eliminate or minimize the risk of collapse, entrapment, or drowning Provide safe means of ingress and egress from excavations, such as graded slopes, graded access route, or stairs and ladders
Sub-total To be determined by contractor
c Operation and Maintenance
Operation - Maintenance and Utilization of Rehabilitated Gully
Collapse of structure/failure of measures
Monitor and maintain intervention work for continued stability and quality Shortcomings in the control structures should be corrected before they develop into serious problems. Any grass, shrub/bush
Number of failure of structure
Once in three months during dry periods and immediately after heavy down pour during rainy season
Community, Site committee, SPMU
Environmental Safeguard Officer, Project Engineer, MoE MoW, FPMU, World Bank, NRO
1,040,000.00
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S/N
Activities Envisaged
Potential Impact Mitigation measures Monitoring Indicators
Frequency Responsibility Cost of Mitigation
Measures (₦)
implementation monitoring
and tree planted which dies should be replaced Treated gullies should be checked regularly and the healing process monitored closely. Structures built in the gully for stabilization purpose should be observed for damage especially during rainy seasons and after heavy storms. Damaged check-dams should be repaired immediately to avoid further damage and the eventual collapse. Conduct gender study to assess the challenges and opportunities for the mainstreaming of gender concerns in the use of, access to and maintenance of the gullies Avoid delay repair even in small damage or break of control structure
Operation - Maintenance and Utilization of Rehabilitated Gully
Unsustainable use of rehabilitated gully areas crossing different land uses owned by different land users/ Conflict Disharmony in
Identification of users and development of a use concept or management plan. Before treatment of gullies, the users should be identified and the boundaries should be clearly demarcated, the
Number of agreement signed with Sustainable users of rehabilitated gully areas Presence/absence of land users/ Conflict
Once every six months
SPMU, ESO, SLO, Project Engineer & Community members
SPMU, FPMU World Bank
800,000.00
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S/N
Activities Envisaged
Potential Impact Mitigation measures Monitoring Indicators
Frequency Responsibility Cost of Mitigation
Measures (₦)
implementation monitoring
gully rehabilitation process should be objective oriented and responsibilities of owners in managing, maintaining and utilizing the gully should be agreed upon.
Disharmony in
Operation - Maintenance and Utilization of Rehabilitated Gully
Poor maintenance of vegetated area,
Maintain healthy pasture swards on slope to reduce bare ground. Minimum or no tillage techniques that protect soil structure as fine soil particles erode more readily Regular inspection.
Presence/absence of Healthy vegetation
Once every six months
Community, Site committee, SPMU
Environmental Safeguard Officer, MoE MoW, FPMU, NRO, PE & World Bank
290,000.00
Sub Total 2,130,000.00
Decommissioning
Cause soil erosion, Degrade water quality, Dust generation, Damage valuable ecosystems and habitat
Break up old surface and soilRemove and dispose of surfacing material if necessary and loosen soil of previous track to accelerate regeneration of vegetation Reshape eroded or culled surfaces with out-sloping, re-vegetate as needed..
Absence of soil erosion, water quality degradation and dust generation
All through the decommissioning and equipment/material period
Contractor, SPMU Environmental Safeguard Officer, NRO, PE, Local Government/Site Committee
930,000.00
Sub-total 930,000.0
GRAND TOTAL COST OF ESMP 3,060,000.00
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6.5 Waste Management Plan During the construction and subsequent operation and maintenance phases, it is inevitable that
discharges of materials to the environment will occur. If these are not controlled, they may act as a
source of environmental disturbance or nuisance. The rehabilitation/construction activities could
yield a variety of wastes in the form of construction materials, scrap metal, municipal wastes, etc.
For effective management, the waste management plan during construction and operation phases
will ensure that all the waste must be properly identified, minimized, segregated, properly stored,
reused, tracked, monitored and audited.
All the wastes that cannot be re-used will be safely managed and disposed of in a manner that meets
regulatory requirements. The contractor would bear the cost of managing waste generated as a result
of construction works.
Furthermore, Community waste disposal into the gully is an issue of concern as it facilitates further
degradation of the land. This requires strategic measures to address. In order to tackle this menace,
there should be
a. Provision of giant waste bins as receptacles at strategic locations within the catchment for
collection of waste materials.
b. The SPMU, State Ministry of Environment and NGO should liaise with the state’s
Environmental protection/ sanitation agency to periodically evacuate waste deposited into
the giant receptacles.
c. Awareness shall be created amongst community members not to dump waste into the gully
erosion channels.
The cost of managing solid waste disposal by community members into the gully should be captured
in the catchment management plan for the site to be prepared by a Catchment Management
Consultant to be engaged by the SPMU.
6.6 Maintenance and Inspection of Treated Gully
In order to be effective, the intervention work must be properly designed, implemented, inspected
and maintained. To maintain the integrity of the intervention work (treated gully) the site check shall
include regular inspection. Maintenance generally shall focus on the following:
Eroded areas repaired immediately.
Debris removed and repairs made where necessary from the channel.
Outlets and points where concentrated flow enters the channel.
Seeded slopes identified for signs of erosion, filling these areas slightly above original grade,
then roughen, reseed, and mulch as soon as possible.
Lined drainage channels and energy dissipaters at regular intervals and after major storms.
Sediment accumulation, piping, bank instability, and scour holes, and repair promptly
Use of sandbags during rainfall events if extra height is needed on the ridges of contour
drains.
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Repair or reinstate drains if destroyed by machinery movement or other forces.
Check dams cleaned after each significant storm event or when accumulated sediment
reaches half the height of the check dam.
To this end, inspection system shall check:
Drains after rainfall or storms and outfall for erosion
Remove any accumulated sediment deposited in diversion channels where there is a risk of
overtopping due to a lack of freeboard.
Vegetation is growing.
Check seeded slopes for signs of erosion.
Reseed areas to prevent sheet and rill erosion. Spot seed in small areas.
Lined drainage channels and energy dissipaters should be inspected at regular intervals and
after major storms.
Check dams for undermining and/or short-circuiting and keyed into the channel banks a
minimum of 18 inches to prevent flow around the dam
6.7 Gender Issues
Women are key to ensuring the sensibility and sustainability of the overall project management at
the watershed management levels especially. As key players, managers and direct actors in managing
natural resources in the watershed areas and addressing the household food security women gender
participation is critical. The empowerment of women through generating employment, knowledge
and skill development even without formal education would work well collectively through the
encouragement of formation of cooperatives amongst them. Income generating activities directly
relating to sustainable land and water management through soil, water and biodiversity conservation,
including specific technologiessuch as natural regeneration of vegetation/tree cover and agroforestry
at the local levels should be strengthened amongst the women.
The empowerment of women groups is essential for public good, to ensure for every watershed
management and opportunities at least 60% of major activities should be targeted at women. A
gender study that strives to mainstream gender concerns in the use of, access to and maintenance of
the watershed and treated gully areas is relevant. Appendix 8 outlines some information that should
be provided in an assessment of the challenges and opportunities for the gender concerns.
6.8 Environmental Monitoring and Auditing
In order to effectively and efficiently implement this ESMP, a system for monitoring and auditing
has been built into the overall management plan. Monitoring and auditing assist in the examination
of management, employee knowledge, programme responsibilities, records & effectiveness
Specifically, this shall help to:
Improve environmental and social management practices;
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Check the efficiency and quality of the environmental management processes;
Establish the scientific reliability and credibility of the ESMP for the project and
Provide the opportunity to report the results on safeguards and impacts and proposed
mitigation measures implementation.
6.8.1 Site Inspection and Monitoring
To continually achieve the benefits of the gully treatments, site inspection and monitoring
programme shall be ensured with the following objectives:
Ensure that the Gully Erosion Treatment and Control Plan (GETCP) is appropriate for the
site and is being implemented effectively;
Ensure Gully Erosion Treatments are being appropriately maintained; and
Identify any works at the site that may be contributing to environmental harm.
6.8.2 Site Inspection and Maintenance
Following the gully treatment/remediation work or installation of erosion and sediment control
measures, a walkthrough or site inspection should be conducted to ascertain that all measures have
been implemented in the field, that erosion is being controlled, and that sediment and other
pollutants are not being transported off-site or into critical areas on-site. Any improper installation
or any repairs necessary to complete the job should be noted at this time. Another purpose of the
site walkthrough is to identify critical inspection locations and monitoring points where control
measures will need to be routinely checked for performance and checked after storm events. These
critical points must include:
• All disturbed areas of the site
• Material storage areas
• Locations where vehicles enter or exit the site
• All erosion and sediment control measures
• Discharge outfall visual monitoring points.
The control measures must be in good operating condition until the area they protect has been
completely stabilized and the construction activity is completed. In the absence of significant runoff
events, all measures must be inspected by the contractor in accordance with any schedule required
by the SPMU and Ministry of Works and before any predicted, significant rainfall.
During rainfall events, the contractor’s inspector must have the ability to call out work crews to
immediately repair the erosion and sediment control measures.
Appropriate materials and equipment should be kept on hand to enable a quick and rapid response.
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6.8.3 Site Inspection Frequency
It is recommended that during the gully erosion treatment inspection should be carried out in the
following manner:
At least daily during rainfall events;
At least weekly, even if the works are not being conducted;
Within 24 hours of a forecasted rainfall or storm event; and
Within 18 hours of a rainfall or storm event of sufficient intensity to cause run-off.
Furthermore, active sites must be inspected by the contractor daily during storm water runoff and
within 24 hours after any storm event greater than 0.5 inches in a 24-hour period. Active sites must
be inspected at least every 7 days during periods of no runoff. Any site that is inactive for greater
than 7 days must be inspected every two weeks.
Exposed areas must be stabilized and inspected before a site is left in an inactive state.
The inspector should record any damages or deficiencies in the control measures on an inspection
report form. The damage or deficiencies should be corrected as soon as practicable after the
inspection but in no case later than 7 days after the inspection. Any changes that may be required to
correct deficiencies should also be made as soon as practicable after the inspection but in no case
later than 7 days after the inspection.
Inspections oversight should rest with the SPMU supported by the Ministry of Works with local
knowledge, policies and procedures.
Inspections of erosion control works should be conducted by a person clearly identified as
responsible for this role and may be the project manager, site supervisor or principal contractor
representative etc. All inspection details should be formally documented, filed and made available
for inspection as required by PMU and relevant authorities.
6.8.4 Vegetation Establishment Monitoring
Since vegetation typically is the primary form of permanent erosion control, it is important to
ascertain how quickly and how well the vegetation is becoming established.
Monitoring for vegetation establishment should be conducted in accordance with local
requirements.. Vegetation should be monitored monthly to evaluate the following:
The type of vegetation that is growing (as compared to the type of vegetation that was
planted);
The density of vegetation that is growing, including the percent of ground that is covered;
and
Based on regular evaluations of vegetation establishment, recommendations should be made as to
whether the vegetation is establishing well, or whether additional measures should be taken, such as
over seeding, fertilizing, erosion repair, or irrigation.
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Vegetation monitoring should continue until the vegetation reaches maturity and is providing the
anticipated erosion control effectiveness.
6.8.5 Maintenance Problems
The most frequent cause of failure is lack of preventative practices and poor maintenance of
treatments administered. Erosion prevention and sediment control must be inspected regularly and
operated and maintained using specific procedures to perform properly. Installation mistakes can
also impair the performance of the measures. Inspectors should pay particular attention to
maintenance problems and installation mistakes during inspections.
6.8.6 Inspection and Maintenance Reports
Inspection reports should be prepared during each inspection conducted by the contractor or SPMU
or Ministry of Works for civil works and Ministry of Agriculture for vegetation aspect, as the case
may be. Reports should include information on damages or deficiencies, maintenance or repair
activities, monitoring information, and vegetation establishment.
Inspection reports should be kept for a period of three years after completion of final site
stabilization.
6.8.7 Environmental Monitoring
The Environmental monitoring activities shall be based on direct or indirect indicators of emissions,
effluents, and resource use applicable to the intervention works. Monitoring frequency shall be
sufficient to provide representative data for the parameter being monitored. Monitoring shall be
conducted by trained individuals (supervised by ESO) who can carry out the monitoring and record-
keeping effectively using properly calibrated and maintained equipment.
Monitoring data shall be analyzed and reviewed at regular intervals and compared with the operating
standards so that any necessary corrective actions can be taken. As part of monitoring programme,
visual inspections and quality monitoring for light attenuation should be conducted daily, for
instance.
A summary of Environmental Monitoring Plan during construction and operation is shown in table
6.9.
6.9 Reporting Procedure
The nature of issues to report and manner of reporting are outlined below:
6.9.1 Complaints Register and Environmental Incidents
The report shall be transmitted to the relevant authority by the SPMU, where necessary/applicable.
The reporting shall be with a view to taking appropriate mitigation measures.
All complaints received should be investigated and a response (even if pending further investigation)
is to be given to the complainant within 5 days.
The following information must be provided:
Time, date and nature of the incident/report;
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Type of communication (e.g. telephone, personal meeting);
Name, house location and contact telephone number of person making the complaint. If
this person wishes to remain anonymous then “not identified” is to be recorded;
Details of response and investigation undertaken as a result of the incident/complaint;
Name of person undertaking investigation of the incident/complaint;
Corrective action taken as a result of the incident/complaint.
The report shall be rendered for both internal (in-house) uses all phases of the project for internal
and external (public) consumption through the regulators.
6.9.2 Record keeping
Good records are the paper trail that will prove that this ESMP is working as intended. Keeping
records of inspection of maintenance programme for erosion control measures, training
programme, etc will be useful to demonstrate that the ESMP is being complied with or not. The
type of records from the various management and monitoring programmes include:
Completed forms, checklists and maintenance logs
Identified problems and corrective actions undertaken
Monitoring data / results
Some other types of records will also be valuable for assisting with the implementation of the ESMP
and/or ESMP Review such as:
Incident forms (especially pollution incidents and response, accidents, etc.)
Internal and external communications regarding the ESMP (e.g. with waste management)
Results of internal or external assessments and compliance visits.
6.10 Environmental and Social Impact Mitigation Monitoring Plan
Table 6.2: Environmental and Social Impact Mitigation Monitoring Plan
S/No
Activity/Issue
Mitigation Measure Implementation
Monitoring Activity
Frequency Monitoring Responsibility
Cost (N)
Environmental Monitoring Plan Construction Phase (Pre- Construction)
1 Erection of contractor construction camp
Contractor to identify suitable camp site in consultation with SPMU/ relevant MDAs Contractor obtain approval for camp site from members of the
Retain a record of discussions Retain a record of approval
After each discussion Once
SPMU/Contractor
200,000.00
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S/No
Activity/Issue
Mitigation Measure Implementation
Monitoring Activity
Frequency Monitoring Responsibility
Cost (N)
public/Local government
2 Materials testing
SPMU to include requirement for independent materials testing in contracting documents SPMU to ensure that Contractor complies with requirements
Retain copy of contracting documents with the requirement Check record of materials testing
Once When materials are delivered
SPMU Site Engineers
10,000.00
3 Operation of Contractor construction camp
Inclusion of requirement for regular watering of camp site and construction sites in contracting documents Contractor to implement approved Contractor work plan submit monthly reports on Contractor implementation of approved work plan and mitigation measures Establish and maintain public complaints register Include the following requirements for worker facilities in contracting documents - Covered rubbish bins for scraps - Adequately stocked first aid medical kits
Retain copy of contracting documents with the requirement Maintain record of implementation activities Daily monitoring Ensure all complaints are recorded in the register Maintain a record of working hours Maintain a record of discussions with local members of the public in relation to
Once Daily during dry weather condition Daily Monthly As required Once
SPMU Contractor SPMU Site Supervisor
10,000.00
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S/No
Activity/Issue
Mitigation Measure Implementation
Monitoring Activity
Frequency Monitoring Responsibility
Cost (N)
- Trained person to provide first aid assistance if required Include requirement in contracting documents for Contractor to provide facilities for disposal of solid and liquid wastes Contractor to undertake regular disposal of solid and liquid wastes undertake frequent regular monitoring to ensure compliance with requirements
requests for extension of working hours Maintain a record of any agreements for extension of working hour Retain copies of contracting documents with requirement Retain copies of waste disposal dockets Maintain a photographic record of disposal activities Maintain documentary record of monitoring activities
As required As required Daily and weekly
4 Heavy machinery operation
Ensure contracting documents include specifications relating to type, weight and operation of heavy machinery ensure that acceptance of CCMP includes consideration of heavy machinery operation Contractor to operate machinery in accordance with accepted CCMP
Retain copy of contracting documents on project files Include reference in acceptance advice Maintain record of inspections and public complaints
Once Once Weekly
SPMU/Contractor
10,000.00
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S/No
Activity/Issue
Mitigation Measure Implementation
Monitoring Activity
Frequency Monitoring Responsibility
Cost (N)
5 Excavation generally
Include requirement in contracting document for Contractor to remove and dispose of surplus material at approved sites Include the following requirements for Contractors in the contracting documents: - Provide temporary services acceptable standard where required - Undertake permanent repair works for disrupted services within specified times - Provide warning and safety signs in local language at excavation sites - Provide PPE for site workers
Maintain photographic and documentary record of Contractor material disposal activities Retain copy of approved list on project files Retain copy of contracting documents on project files Retain copy of contracting documents on project files Maintain duplicate copies record of Contractor performance Maintain photographic and documentary record of Contractor performance
Daily Once
SPMU SPMU/Contractor
10,000.00
6 Management of spills and construction debris
Ensure that requirements relating to spill management and debris are included in contracting documents Ensure that Contractor addresses spill management and debris removal as criteria for acceptable Contractor
Retain copy of contracting documents on project files Maintain photographic and documentary record of Contractor
Once Daily
SPMU/Contractor
20,000.00
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S/No
Activity/Issue
Mitigation Measure Implementation
Monitoring Activity
Frequency Monitoring Responsibility
Cost (N)
work plan Ensure that Contractor to promptly attend to any spills
performance
7 Social issues
Continual undertake public consultation Conclude all resettlement issues that may arise SPMU to include requirement for continual stakeholder consultations and public enlightenment in contracting documents
Retain copies of minutes of discussions
After each discussion
SPMU/Contractor
20,000.00
8 Health and Safety Issues
a) SPMU to include requirement for contract document need for contractor to mount in advance of the construction work awareness campaign relevant to health and safety and adequate road signs to warn pedestrians and motorists of construction activities, diversions, etc. provided at appropriate points.
Retain copy of contracting documents on project files Maintain photographic and documentary record of Contractor performance
Once
SPMU/Contractor
50,000.00
9 Traffic Safety and Traffic Managemnt
a) SPMU to include requirement for contract document need for contractor b) to ensure public safety, and meet traffic safety requirements for the operation of work to avoid accidents. c) be responsible for the safety along the corridor related to the site, d) provide and maintain necessary barricades, suitable and sufficient
Retain copy of contracting documents on project files Maintain photographic and documentary record of Contractor performance
Once
SPMU/Contractor
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S/No
Activity/Issue
Mitigation Measure Implementation
Monitoring Activity
Frequency Monitoring Responsibility
Cost (N)
flashlights, flagmen, danger signals, and signs. e) Submit weekly activities schedule and the locations of his work along the
Sub-Total for Pre- Construction Monitoring 330,000.00
Environmental and Social Monitoring Plan during Construction and Operation
Air quality
Dust Visual Observation at location of activities
Everyday during construction
SPMU/Contractor
100,000.00
PM, SO2, CO, NOX , CO2
Ambient air monitoring using standard method of sampling and analysis at established sampled locations for the baseline data
Annually or where visual observations indicate unpleasant scenario
SPMU/Contractor
Noise Level Disturbance/pinch
Everyday during construction
Contractor 50,000.00
Level Sensor measurement around the premises at established sampled locations for the baseline data
annually SPMU/Contractor
Erosion Top soil movement/ground cutting Control and retention of disturbed soil at earthwork
Visual assessment
Routinely during construction
Contractor 100,000.00
Water Quality
pH, TSS, Cd, Cr, Pb, Hg, Chlorine, total residual, Phenols, Total coliform bacteria, Temp, etc
Standard method of sampling and analyses at established sampled locations for the
Where it is established that construction caused impact
Contractor/ Consultant
150,000.00
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S/No
Activity/Issue
Mitigation Measure Implementation
Monitoring Activity
Frequency Monitoring Responsibility
Cost (N)
baseline data
Annually SPMU/ Consultant,
Soil Quality
pH, Conductivity, Heavy Metals, TOC, Total Hydrocarbons, Cations
Sampling and analyses at designated locations
• monthly during construction; • Quarterly during the first 3 years of operation; • Half yearly Subsequently
150,000.00
Sediment retention pond
Sediment build-up Visual Assessment& decants/level spreaders/fore bay
After all rain. During heavy rain
Contractors/Site Committee members/SPMU
125,000.00
Vegetal Cover
Vegetation growing well & maintained
Visual assessment
Routinely Contractors/Site Committee members/SPMU
100,00.00
General Waste Management
Reduction, Segregation protocols, proper handling, storage, treatment, and transportation
Visual Assessment, General Aesthetics, hazard free environment along the corridor
Routinely, Daily
Contractor/HSE Officer
150,000.00
Training Responsible HSE behavior and culture
General HSE Awareness and specific training for workers
Routinely and as need arises
SPMU, Contractor
See table 6.6
Socio-economics
Project benefit opinions, Lifestyle, no of livelihoods opportunities created, income, gender
Questionnaires, direct observations and interviews.
Once in two years
SPMU 100,000.00
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S/No
Activity/Issue
Mitigation Measure Implementation
Monitoring Activity
Frequency Monitoring Responsibility
Cost (N)
characteristics, no of women participating in watershed management programs, etc
Health & Safety
Incidents Hazard assessment
Before Start of work and routinely
Contractor/SPMU Management
135,000.00
Sub-Total for Environmental and Social Monitoring Plan during Construction and Operation
N1,160,000.00
Grand Total for Environmental and Social Monitoring Plan during Construction and Operation
N1,490,000.00
6.11 Disclosures and Public Consultation Plan All reasonable efforts must be made to disclose/display this ESMP to the public at strategic points within the project’s area of influence so as to allow all stakeholders read and understand how they stand to be affected by the project, and if they do not agree with, to make their grievance known before the start of the project. It should also be disclosed at the Federal Ministry of Environment and the Anambra State Ministry of Environment, Beautification and Ecology. A key element of sustaining stakeholders’ support in any project execution is to consult and
communicate with the stakeholders effectively and to engage them as early as possible with the
project which has been done during the preparation of this ESMP and further enhanced in the
course of preparation of the intervention work. Like any other business function, stakeholder
engagement needs to be managed and driven by a well-defined strategy. Table 6.3 provides a
Summary of the stakeholder engagement plan while Appendix 5 provides Stakeholder Engagement
and Communication Process.
Table 6.3: Summary of the planned stakeholder engagement schedule
Activity Stakeholders / Community Frequency / Timeline
Pre-Construction / Prior to Project Commencement Project email, postal address and contact details
All stakeholders Once-off establishment
Fact Sheet and FAQ sheets All stakeholders As required, subject to any updates on the Project
Briefings State Government , Local Government, Site committee, World Bank
As required, subject to the approvals process
Newsletters, Media and Advertising
All stakeholders As required, subject to any updates on the Project
Site tours Regulators, Site Committee, community, World Bank, etc.
As required
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Activity Stakeholders / Community Frequency / Timeline
Personal meetings Targeted stakeholders As required
Community Sessions Residents of affected areas/ Community and interest groups
As required, subject to approvals route and feedback from the community
Develop and disseminate Feedback and Complaints Mechanism and communications procedures
All stakeholders As required, subject to any updates on the Project
Briefings, Site Tours and Community Sessions - for development of the Rehabilitation and Closure Plan
Government authorities, Local communities, • Additional relevant stakeholders
Prior to Work Plan approval
Advertising / media release (update on milestones)
All stakeholders Regular
Project lunch All stakeholders Before civil works
Construction and operations
Ongoing community liaison Local community Ongoing
Project updates All stakeholders Monthly
Responding to issues and inquiries as per Feedback and Complaints Mechanism
All stakeholders Ongoing / as required
Annual reporting All stakeholders Annually
Personal meetings All stakeholders Ongoing / as required
6.12 Institutional Arrangement, Capacity Building & Training 6.12.1 Institutional Arrangements
Since one of the main purposes of ESMPs is to establish responsibility for the activities that have to
be undertaken, this sub-section details below, institutional arrangements and the roles and
responsibilities of the various institutions in the implementation of the ESMP as outlined in Table
6.4.
Table 6.4: Institutional Responsibilities
S/No Category Roles & Responsibilities
1
SPMU Environmental Safeguards / Social Officer
Implementing authority, has the mandate to:
Co-ordinate all policies, programmes and actions of all road construction across the States
Ensure the smooth and efficient implementation of the project’s various technical programmes
Cooperate through a Steering Committee that provides guidance to the technical aspects of all project activities;
Maintain and manage all funds effectively and
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S/No Category Roles & Responsibilities
efficiently for the projects
2
Engineering Design and supervision Consultants
Site assessment and monitoring of works and engineering activities
3
State Ministry of Environment,
Support adherence to this ESMP and applicable standards, environmental and social liability investigations, Monitoring and evaluation process and criteria
4
Ministry of Lands, Survey and Urban
Compliance overseer at State Level, on matters of Land Acquisition and compensation and other resettlement issues,
Other MDAs Come in as and when relevant areas or resources under their jurisdiction or management are likely to be affected by or implicated projects such as utility.
5
World Bank Recommend additional measures for strengthening the management framework and implementation performance.
6
Site Manager Ensure land disturbance activities are conducted in accordance with relevant legislation;
Minimize on-site erosion and control sediment in accordance with the site Erosion and Sediment Control Plan;
Communicate the content of, and any changes to the site Erosion and Sediment
Control Plan to all employees and contractors;
Inspect the operation of erosion and sediment control devices and initiate repair or maintenance as required;
Instruct employees and contractors in the purpose and operation of erosion and sediment control devices and the need to maintain these devices in proper working order at all times;
Provide adequate onsite waste collection bins, ensure proper disposal, not to litter and not to create environmental nuisance;
7 Contractor Compliance to BOQ specification in procurement of material and construction and adherence to the ESMP and good practice
8 Site Environmental Officer /Site Engineers
Provide oversight function during construction and decommissioning to ensure adherence to good practice and the ESMP
9 Site Committee Ensure compliance to BOQ and quality
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S/No Category Roles & Responsibilities
10
Local government Support in monitoring project execution within their domains to ensure compliance with this ESMP and other relevant requirements
11
Local Community Assist and Liaise with other stakeholders to ensure proper siting and provision of approval for such sites
Support with provision of necessary infrastructures and engage/ encourage carrying out comprehensive and practical awareness campaign for the proposed projects, amongst the various relevant grass roots interest groups.
12
CDA/CDOs
13
NGOs/CSOs Assisting in their respective ways to ensure effective response actions, Conducting scientific researches alongside government groups to evolve and devise sustainable environmental strategies and rehabilitation techniques, Organizing, coordinating and ensuring safe use of volunteers in a response action, and actually identifying where these volunteers can best render services effectively & Providing wide support assistance helpful in management planning, institutional/governance issues and other livelihood related matter, Project impacts and mitigation measure, Awareness campaigns
14 Others/General Public Identify issues that could derail the project
Support project impacts and mitigation measures, Awareness campaigns
6.12.2 Capacity Building and Training Based on the interaction with the relevant stakeholders, assessment and determination of the
characteristics of all the relevant stakeholders with key roles in the project as well as the assessment
of the institutional capacities of the different parties shall be involved in the ESMP implementation;
areas of awareness creation and training/capacity building/strengthening have been identified.
To enhance the respective roles and collaboration of the relevant stakeholders, the following broad
areas for capacity building have been identified as deserving of attention for effective
implementation of the ESMP. Specific areas for effective institutional capacity needs are given in
Table 6.5.
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Table 6.5: Training Modules on Environment and Social Management
Programme Description Participants Form Of Training
Duration/Location
Training Conducting Agency
Cost (#)
Sensitization Workshop
Introduction to Environment: Basic Concept of Environment, Environmental Regulations and Statutory requirements as per Government and World bank
Environmental/Safeguard Unit, Engineers and other relevant groups
Workshop 1 Working Day
SPMU Environmental Safeguards Unit
200,000.00
Module I Introduction to Environment: Basic Concept of Environment, Environmental Regulations and Statutory requirements as per Government and World bank
Environmental SafeguardsEngineer/MoE
Lecture ¼ Working Day
Environmental & Social Specialists
100,000.00
Module II ESMP and its integration into Designs: Methodology of Assessment of Pollution Monitoring,
SPMU Engineer, Contractors/MOE,
Lecture and Field Visit
½ Working Day
Environmental & Social Specialists of Design Consultant/External Agency engaged for capacity
150,000.00
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Programme Description Participants Form Of Training
Duration/Location
Training Conducting Agency
Cost (#)
Methodology for site selection of waste disposal areas, e.t.c.
building
Module III Civil works and use of Vegetation for gully stabilization in environmental management practices: Roles and Responsibilities of officials/contractors/consultants towards protection of environment and Implementation Arrangements Monitoring mechanisms
Officials of MoE, and other line MDAs
Workshop ½ day Environmental & Social Safeguards, Natural Resources building
150,000.00
Module IV Monitoring and reporting system Community Participatory Monitoring and Evaluation
Engineers, MoE, & relevant MDAs, Community leaders/CDOs/NGOs
Workshop ½ day Environmental & Social Specialists /Design Consultant/External Agency engaged for capacity building
100,000.00
Module IV Alternative income
Community liaison and
hands-on To be determined
Environmental & Social
Seen as part of the normal
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Programme Description Participants Form Of Training
Duration/Location
Training Conducting Agency
Cost (#)
generation program -income generating activities with [adequate] commercial potential in the agricultural and non-farm sectors. Agricultural methods and technology to increasingproduction on non-affected land and enhancing the treatment works at the gully site. Skill for off-farm work within or outside of the affected area
support professional, site committee members, local government staff, etc
Specialists of Design Consultant/External Agency engaged for capacity building/World Bank
operation cost
Total 700,000.00
6.13 Review and Revision of the ESMP
There is need to review and update the ESMP regularly to ensure it reflects the unfolding situation
that could occur on site and take into account changes that have occurred since this first version.
The changes could be in the project description or new requirements/legislation coming into effect
in the course of the project execution.
Any changes to the ESMP need to be reflected in the information in the ESMP about the site
pollution controls and/or programmes and systems. Each of these will therefore also need to be
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updated. A copy of the revised version will be sent to relevant regulatory authorities as the case
maybe.
6.14 ESMP Budget and Schedule of Work
ESMPs have associated costs. Thus to effectively implement the environmental and social
management measures necessary budgetary provisions shall be made for this ESMP. The Budgets
for the ESMP include the environmental management costs other than the good engineering
practices, cost of environmental and resettlement monitoring. All administrative costs for
implementing the ESMP shall be budgeted for as part of the project costing.
The cost of each measure have been estimated and included in the overall ESMP budget as indicated
in Table 6.6 to be N5,775,000.00 (Five million, Seven hundred and Seventy Five thousand Naira
only) . The key elements of the implementation schedule are shown in the Table 6.7.
Table 6.6: ESMP Budget Summary
S/NO ELEMENT RESPONSIBLE ₦
1 Mitigation Measures SPMU ESO, Contractor, MH, MOE & MOW
3,060,000.00
2 Environmental Audit SPMU Environmental Safeguards, SLO, Monitoring and Evaluation
1,490,000.00
3 Training SPMU , Contractor/HSE Officer, Consultant,
700,000.00
Sub-total 5,250,000.00
10% contingency 525,000.00
Grand total 5,775,000.00 / 16,041.7USD
Exchange rate used is ₦360 = 1USD
Table 6.7: ESMP Budget and Implementation Schedule
S/N Activity
Description Responsible
MONTH (Construction) Operation
Gully Pre-Treatment
Gully Treatment
Period
Gully Treatment Maintenance
1 2 3 4 5 6
1 Disclosure of ESMP Report PMU
2
Allocating Budget for ESMP PMU
83
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S/N Activity
Description Responsible
MONTH (Construction) Operation
Gully Pre-Treatment
Gully Treatment
Period
Gully Treatment Maintenance
1 2 3 4 5 6
3
Review and Approval of Contractor’s ESMP and Sediment, Waste & Safety Plan PMU
4
Finalisation of Engineering Designs PMU/Contractor
5
Implementation of Mitigation Measures PMU/Contractor
6
Supervising ESMP Implementation PMU/Contractor
7 Environmental Auditing
PMU/FMENV/MoE/ Environmental Consultant
A year after construction
8
Monitoring & Reporting on ESMP Implementation PMU /Contractor
9 Environmental Training
Contractor/HSE Consultant
6.15 ESMP Funding Source
The implementation of this ESMP is to be funded by the Civil Works Contractor. This includes the
financing of all mitigation measures.
6.16 Contractor HSE Officer
In implementation of this ESMP, the contractor is expected to have a Health- Safety- and
Environment officer (HSE) on site that shall implement the ESMP. HSE Officer of the ESMP
Supervising firm shall monitor and report to the SPMU Environmental Safeguards Officer.
This is different from the site Engineer.
The Contractor’s HSE officer shall see to
Environmental Management issues
Health and Occupational hazards
Adequate sanitary condition on site
See to the provision of Safety kits
Keep accident registers and records etc.
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6.17 ESMP Reporting Obligation
Project performance monitoring has the overall objective of achieving the desired outcomes through reporting of as measurable events or parameters or aspects that can be monitored and verified. The following reporting sequence is proposed for the ESMP implementation
The Contractor shall submit Monthly report on the implementation of this ESMP to Anambra State NEWMAP Environmental Safeguards Officer through the ESMP Supervising Consultant.
The SPMU shall prepare monthly ESMP monitoring and accomplishment reports to be submitted to FPMU and the WB.
This reporting cycle should be repeated as the feedback mechanism scheme to all key players
consisting of the affected stakeholders, Site Committee, Focal NGO, CBOs/CDOs, Contractors,
SPMU, etc.
The reports must reach the ESO within the first week of succeeding month in hard/soft copies.
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CHAPTER SEVEN
7.0 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION The proposed intervention work is designed to improved erosion management and gully rehabilitation which will provide for:
Environmental improvements due to land stabilization measures which preserve the landscape and biodiversity.
Reduced loss of infrastructure including roads, houses, etc.
Reduced risks of floods (due to reduced siltation)
Reduced siltation in rivers leading to less flooding and the preservation of the water systems for improved access to domestic water supply.
Reduced loss of agricultural land and productivity from soil loss caused by surface erosion.
Progressively restore vegetative cover, improved environmental conditions and more humid local microclimates expected to results in increased vegetation cover for wildlife and carbon sequestration.
Enhancement of multipliers effects such as as employment opportunities, poverty reduction, enhanced national reputation and cultural promotion, among others is expected. The report also revealed some negative impacts that were identified. Thus, this ESMP has revealed that:
Potential impacts of sufficient magnitude that could interrupt the execution of the project were not detected. Although, there were few negative impacts that may potentially occur due to the activities associated with the proposed works but adequate and SMART measures have been provided to address them.
Appropriate institutional framework has been drawn up to implement the mitigation measures and environmental management plan while the proposed monitoring programmes shall be set in motion as soon as possible.
The proposed intervention work is most desirable because of the obvious environmental, health and socio-economic benefits. These far out-weigh the negative impacts that could arise in the course of implementation.
Mitigation measures and management plans have been suggested and developed for the negative impacts.
Generally, the study has indicated that the establishment of the proposed project will not severely
impact negatively on the existing environmental, social and health as well as safe conditions of the
people, locally, nationally or internationally. This inference is further made strong, owing to the fact
that a number of the equipment that would be used at the location would be modern equipment and
technologies that have the potentials not to constitute further environmental burdens in relation to
the present existing environmental conditions.
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References Commonwealth of Australia (1999): National Water Quality Management Strategy, Effluent Management Guidelines for Intensive Piggeries in Australia CSIR. 2002. Guidelines for standardised Environmental Management Plans for projects within the water resource management component of the Department of Water Affairs and Forestry. CSIR Report ENV-P-C 2002-032. Prepared for DWAF, Directorate: Social and Ecological Services, Pretoria. Department of Environmental Affairs & Tourism (DEAT). 2004b. Environmental Management Plans, Integrated Environmental Management Information Series 12. Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism, Pretoria. Hill R.C. (2000): Integrated Environmental Management Systems in the implementation of projects. South African Journal of Science 96: 50-54. Lochner, P. (2005): Guideline for Environmental Management Plans. CSIR Report No ENV-S-C 2005-053 H. Republic of South Africa, Provincial Government of the Western Cape, Department of Environmental Affairs & Development Planning, Cape Town. Ministry Of Agriculture And Animal Resources (Minagri) (2010): Environmental Management Plan (EMP) For Nyanza 23 Sub Project , Land Husbandry, Water Harvesting And Hillside Irrigation Project (LWH) Prepared by Green and Clean Solution Ltd Multiple Development Services (MDS )(2010): Environmental Management Plan for Infrastructure (a Multi-level Office Building Complex in Lekki, Lagos Ramsay , J. (2006): Compendium on Relevant Practices on Improved Decision-Making, Planning and Management of Dams and their Alternatives, Key Issue – Environmental Management Plans, Final Report , United Nations Environment Programme Dams and Development Project, November UNEP (1988): Environmental Impact Assessment , Basic procedures for developing Countries. World Bank (1999 ): Environmental Management Plan , OP 4.01 - Annex C January, po Federal Republic of Nigeria (1999): Summary of The Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Study Second National Fadama Development Project (NFDP II) Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Water Resources (2003): Third National Fadama Development Project (Fadama III), Rural Infrastructure, Manual No. 4, August Okpoko, E, Egboka B., Anike, L &Okoro, E.(2013): Rainfall Harvesting as an Alternative Water Supply in Water Stressed Communities in Aguata-Awka Area of Southeastern Nigeria in Environ. Eng. Res. 2013 June,18(2) : 95-101
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J. Poesena, J., Nachtergaelea, J., Verstraetena, G., &Valentinb, C (2002): Gully erosion and environmental change: importance and research needs, Catena 50 (2003) 91–13, www.elsevier.com/locate/catena LAKEW DESTA & BELAYNEH ADUGNA (2012): A Field Guide onGully Prevention and Control A Field Guide on Gully Prevention and Control, Nile Basin Initiative Eastern Nile Subsidiary Action Program (ENS AP) Umec Associates, a Consulting Civil, Structural and Water Resources Engineering firm, is one of the consultants engaged by the Anambra State Ministry of Environment to study and design appropriate erosion control structures for St. Thomas Aquinas/Neros Plaza gully gully erosion site, Uzoije, A.P, onunkwo, A, A, Ibeneme, S.I and Obioha, E.Y (2014): Hydrogeology Of Nsukka Southeast, – A Preliminary Approach To Water Resources Development, in American Journal of Engineering Research (AJER) e-ISSN : 2320-0847 p-ISSN : 2320-0936 Volume-03, Issue-01, pp-150-162 Civil Contractors Federation (,2011):ENVIRONMENTAL BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICE GUIDELINEs EROSION & SEDIMENT CONTROL Otti V. I., Ejikeme, I. R., Nwafor, A.U. (The Environmental Effects of the Drainage System and Flood Control in Awka Urban City International Journal of Engineering and Technology Volume 3 No. 1, January, 2013 ISSN: 2049-3444 © 2013 – IJET Publications UK. All rights reserved. 28 Awogbemi, A. (2013): Project Baseline Assessment Voice to the People (V2P): Making Governance Work for Poor and Marginalised People, Prepared for Christian Aid Nigeria, October. Nigerian Meteorological Agency. Nigeria climatic data: Umuhaia. http://dx.doi.org/10.4491/eer.2013.18.2.095 Catchment & Creeks Pty Ltd, 2010: Gully Erosion - Part 2 Assessment of Treatment Options
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8.0 ANNEXES
8.1 Terms of Reference for the Preparation of an Environmental and Social
Management Plan (ESMP)
NIGERIA EROSION AND WATERSHED MANAGEMENT PROJECT
ANAMBRA STATE PROJECT MANAGEMENT UNIT
TERMS OF REFERENCE
PREPARATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (ESMP)
FOR NEW JUDICIARY/FEDERAL HIGH COURT GULLY EROSION SITE, AWKA
BACKGROUND:
The Government of Nigeria is implementing the multi-sectoral Nigeria Erosion and Watershed
Management Project (NEWMAP), which is financed by the World Bank, Global Environment
Facility, the Special Climate Change Fund, and the Government of Nigeria. NEWMAP finances
activities implemented by States and activities implemented by the Federal Government. The Project
is currently implemented in 19 States, namely Anambra, Abia, Cross River, Edo, Enugu, Ebonyi,
Imo, Kogi, Gombe, Delta, Plateau, Sokoto, Oyo, Kano, Katsina, Nasarawa, Akwa-Ibom, Niger,
Borno.
The lead agency at the Federal level is the Federal Ministry of Environment (FME), Department of
Erosion, Flood and Coastal Zone Management. State and Local Governments, Local Communities
and CSOs are or will be involved in the Project, given that the Project is a multi-sector operation
involving MDAs concerned with Water Resources Management, Public Works, Agriculture,
Regional and Town Planning, Earth and Natural Resources Information and disaster risk
Management.
The development objective of NEWMAP is: to rehabilitate degraded lands and reduce longer-term
erosion vulnerability in targeted areas. At State level, NEWMAP activities involve medium-sized
civil works such as construction of infrastructure and/or stabilization or rehabilitation in and around
the gullies themselves, as well as small works in the small watershed where gullies form and expand.
These works trigger the World Bank's Safeguard Policies including Environmental Assessment OP
4.01; Natural Habitats OP 4.04; Cultural Property OP 11.03; Involuntary Resettlement OP4.12
Safety of Dams OP 4.37; Pest Management Safeguard Policy OP 4.09; and Projects on International
Waterways OP 7.50. The environmental and social safeguards concerns are being addressed through
two national instruments already prepared under the project: An Environmental and Social
Management Framework (ESMF) and a Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF). These framework
instruments need to be translated into specificcosted, measurable and monitorable actions for
specific intervention sites through the preparation of site specific management and action plans.
ESMF: In general, the ESMF specifies the procedures to be used for preparing,approving and
implementing (i) Environmental/Social Assessments (ESA’s or alternately both SA or EA) and/or
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(ii) Environmental and Social Management Plans (ESMP’s or alternately both an EMP and SMP) for
individual civil works packages developed for each project.ESMP’s are essential for category B
projects.
RPF:Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) applies when land acquisition leads to the temporary or
permanent physical displacement of persons and/or loss of shelter and/or loss of livelihoods
and/or loss denial or restriction of access to economic resources due to project activities.It sets out
the resettlement and compensation principles, organizational arrangements and design criteria to be
applied to meet the needs of project- affected people and specifies the contents of a Resettlement
Action Plan (RAP) for each package of investments.
Objective and Scope of the Consultancy
The objective of the consulting services is to prepare an Environmental and Social Management
Plan (ESMP) for New Judiciary /Federal High Court gully erosion site inAwka, Anambra State. The
site is located near the Federal high court / Federal secretariat complex Awka. The gully is located at
N06 14 49 and E007 21 22.
Each ESMP is site-specific and consists of a well-documented set of mitigation, monitoring and
institutional actions to be taken before and during implementation to eliminate adverse
environmental and social impacts, offset them or reduce them to acceptable levels.Each ESMP also
includes the measures needed to implement these actions, addressing the adequacy of the
monitoring and institutional arrangements for the upper and lower watersheds in the intervention
site.
The consultant will work in close collaboration withthe engineering design consultants and
NEWMAP State Project Management Units (SPMU) safeguard team and with other actors as
directed by the SPMU. In that respect the sequencing of the technical/feasibility studies and the
ESMP will be critical. The consultant will have to receive the draft technical/feasibility studies in
order to take into account the technical variants of the proposed activities and also in return inform
the technical design consultants of any major constraint that may arise due to the social and
environmental situation on the ground.
In each intervention site the consultant will visit the full sub-watershed as delimited in the given
gully stabilization design.These sub-watersheds are an average of four square kilometers in southern
Nigeria. The consultant will take into account the proposed civil engineering designs, vegetative land
management measures and other activities aimed at reducing or managing runoff that would be
carried out within the sub-watershed.The consultant will assess natural resources and infrastructure
potentially affected during project implementation and operation and selects the management
strategies needed to ensure that environmental risks are appropriately mitigated.
Tasks of the Consultant include the following:
a. Describe the existing status of the sub watershed and gullies;
b. Identify the environmental and social issues/risks associated with the existing conditions;
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c. Select and measure appropriate baseline indicators (for example, m3/sec of runoff collected
in the sub watershed during a heavy hour-long rainfall);
d. Develop a plan for mitigating environmental andsocial risks associated with construction
andoperation in the gully in consultation with the relevant public and government agencies;
Identify feasible and cost-effective measures that may reduce potentially significant adverse
environmental and social impacts to acceptable levels;
e. Develop a time-bound plan for mitigating environmental and social risks associated with the
sub-watershed management in consultation with relevant public and government agencies;
Identify feasible and cost effective measures that may reduce potentially significant adverse
environmental and social impacts to acceptable levels;
f. Identify monitoring objectives and specifies the type of monitoring, with linkages to the
impacts assessed and the mitigation measures described above (as in a-e);
g. Provide a specific description of institutional arrangements: the agencies responsible for
carrying out the mitigation and monitoring measures (e.g. for operation, supervision,
enforcement, monitoring of implementation, remedial action, financing reporting, and staff
training) and the contractual arrangements for assuring the performance of each
implementing agency;
h. Define technical assistance programs that could strengthen environmental management
capability in the agencies responsible for implementation;
i. Provide an implementation schedule for measures that must be carried out as part of the
project showing phasing and coordination with overall project implementation plans; and
j. Provide the expected capital and recurrent cost estimates and sources of the funds for
implementing the ESMP and inform accordingly the designconsultants so that these costs
are duly taken into consideration in the designs.
k. In collaboration with SPMU, implement actions that would lead to in-house technical review
of the ESMP by Federal Ministry of Environment and subsequent issuance of
EIS/Certificate
RATIONALE FOR THE STUDY
Anambra State is situated in high rainfall area and is prone to high-intensity surface run-offs which
lead to the formation of gully erosion. Studies have shown that road construction and poorly-
terminated drains/culverts contribute immensely to the acceleration and formation of active gully
erosion sites in rural and semi-urban areas. Gully sites can be heavily or lightly populate with critical
infrastructure found within the watershed. Storm water run-off is moderate to heavy, causing major
damage to infrastructure along their path with loss of properties and livelihood, with occasional
fatalities. Many houses have fallen intothegullies and many more are in the verge of being consumed.
The social, economic losses and the threats posed by gullies in high-density areasis source of great
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apprehension, needing timely intervention. Solving the erosion menace in Anambra will bring social
relief, security of lives and properties and overall economic development.
The Following Socio-economic issues shall be addressed in the ESMP
Summary of the impacted communities for the project location access population number
demographic and social characteristics economy employment rate income distribution
services types capacity and adequacy and housing concern is the ability to provide workforce
service new development and absorb and adjust to growth worker/family)
Summary of the views of the population including vulnerable groups determined through
thoroughly documented discussions with local communities. The meetings and discussions
must be documented and should show how issues and problems raised will be resolved.
Note that an Abbreviated Resettlement Action Plan (ARAP) could be developed for each
site and is covered under a separate Terms of Reference (TOR).
Cultural summarize the possible effects of the project on historical archaeological sites,
heritage artifacts, native religious or harvest sites of the affected communities and
identification of development of mechanisms for handling chance findings.
Information will be gathered from field surveys and secondary datasources, interviews,
structured questionnaires,in-depth interviews and focus group discussions.
Qualifications of the Consultant
The consultant/firm must have qualified expertise in the practices relevant to this
assignment. It must demonstrate that at least one of its key personnel possesses an advanced
degreein relevant fields including but not limited to civil engineering, environmental
engineering, environmental services or the social sciences.
Availability of key staff with requisite qualifications in the field of assignment. Minimum
experience should be Eight (8) years with a minimum specific experience of Four (4) years in
planning related to infrastructure development or disaster response.
General experience of the Consultant/ firm in consulting services relating to ESMP/ARAP
during the last 4 years.
Demonstrate verifiable experience of working in a similar geographical region.
The Consultant / firm must demonstrate requisite experience in design and preparation of
an ESMP for social or infrastructure projects. The firm must have competency and
documented experience in social and environmental scientific analysis and development of
operational action plans.
The Consultant /firm must have a working knowledge of World Bank’s operational
safeguards policies gained through hands-on experience in the preparation and
implementation of environmental and social management plans in urban and semi-urban and
rural areas.
Duration of Assignment
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The assignment is meant to be on a rapid intervention platform and is expected to be delivered
speedily to save the federal secretariat and the federal high court.
The duration of the assignment from contract signing to final report is six (6) weeks making 42 days.
Deliverables /Timing and payment Schedule
Week 1: Inception Report to be delivered One (1) week after mobilization to site.
The Consultant will be due for 20% payment on submission of inception report.
Week 2: A draft of ESMP Report will be submitted for comments within two (2) weeks
from mobilization to site.
The Consultant will be due for 20% payment on submission of inception report.
Week 4: Final draft of ESMP report will take into account all comments and will be
submitted to the SPMU.
The Consultant will be due for 40% payment on submission of inception report.
Week 6: Final ESMP report that is acceptable to Anambra NEWMAP and to the World
Bank with a comprehensive database of relevant information collected in Microsoft Excel
format.Final ESMP report shall be submitted in Five (5) bound hard copies and One (1)
copy on CD-ROM.
Negotiation with FMENV for in-house technical review and pursuance of Certificate
The Consultant will be due for 20% payment on submission of inception report.
The drafts and final reports submitted to the client and all relevant data and information
contained therein, compiled by the consultant in the course of this assignment shall be deemed
the property of the client the client shall be free to make full use of draft and final reports, data
and information received pursuant to this contract at its own discretion.
Project-specific Background Documents
Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF)
Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF)
NEWMAP Project Appraisal Document (PAD)
NEWMAP Project Implementation Manual (PIM)
World Bank Safeguards policies
Intervention design
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Layout of Report
Chapter 1: Background of ESMP Activity
Chapter 2: Institutional and legal framework for environmental management
Discussions onWorld Bank safeguard policies triggered by NEWMAP and the proposed
activity.
Summary of relevant local and federal policy legal regulatory and administrative frameworks.
Chapter 3: Biophysical Environment
Description of the area of influence and environmental baseline conditions.
Chapter 4: Socio-economic Characteristics & Consultation with Stakeholders
Analysis of existing livelihoods opportunities, income, gender characteristics age profile,
health, transport and access to existing community structures at watershed community,
household and individual levels.
Analysis of existing formal and informal grievance redress mechanisms in and around the
intervention areas.
Presentation of consultants with relevant stakeholders and affected persons.
Other topics as relevant
Chapter 5: Assessment of potential adverse impacts and analysis of alternatives
Methods and techniques used in assessing and analyzing the environmental and social
impacts of the proposed project.
Discussion of alternatives to the current project and reasons for their rejection including
short description of likely future scenario without intervention.
Discussion of the potentially significant adverse environmental and social impacts of the
proposed project.
Chapter 6: Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) including:
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Discussion of the proposed mitigation measures
Institutional responsibilities and accountabilities
Capacity building plan
Public consultation plan
Description of “Grievance Redress Mechanism” in alignment with the ESMF, RPF, RAP
and project implementation manual to address situations of conflicts or disagreements about
some of the project activities.
Monitoring and Evaluationplan including suitable indicators for the proposed project
Cost of implementing the ESMP
Chapter 7: Summary, Recommendations and Conclusion
Annex 1: List of Persons Met
Annex 2: Summary of World Bank Safeguard Policies
Annex 3: General Environmental Management Conditions for Construction Contracts/Civil
Works.
Annex 4: References
Annex 5: Summary of the database of information collected for ESMP
Annex 6: Maps
Annex 7: Photos/Videos
8.2 General Environmental Management Conditions for Construction Contracts
1. In addition to these general conditions, the Contractor shall comply with any specific
Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) for the works he is responsible for. The
Contractor shall inform himself about such an ESMP, and prepare his work strategy and plan to
fully take into account relevant provisions of that ESMP. If the Contractor fails to implement
the approved ESMP after written instruction by the Supervising Engineer (SE) to fulfil his
obligation within the requested time, the Owner reserves the right to arrange through the SE for
execution of the missing action by a third party on account of the Contractor.
2. Notwithstanding the Contractor’s obligation under the above clause, the Contractor shall
implement all measures necessary to avoid undesirable adverse environmental and social impacts
wherever possible, restore work sites to acceptable standards, and abide by any environmental
performance requirements specified in an ESMP. In general these measures shall include but not
be limited to:
a) Minimize the effect of dust on the surrounding environment resulting from earth mixing
sites, asphalt mixing sites, dispersing coal ashes, vibrating equipment, temporary access
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roads, etc. to ensure safety, health and the protection of workers and communities living in
the vicinity of dust producing activities.
b) Ensure that noise levels emanating from machinery, vehicles and noisy construction
activities (e.g. excavation, blasting) are kept at a minimum for the safety, health and
protection of workers within the vicinity of high noise levels and nearby communities.
c) Ensure that existing water flow regimes in rivers, streams and other natural or irrigation
channels is maintained and/or re-established where they are disrupted due to works being
carried out.
d) Prevent bitumen, oils, lubricants and waste water used or produced during the execution of
works from entering into rivers, streams, irrigation channels and other natural water
bodies/reservoirs, and also ensure that stagnant water in uncovered borrow pits is treated in
the best way to avoid creating possible breeding grounds for mosquitoes.
e) Prevent and minimize the impacts of quarrying, earth borrowing, piling and building of
temporary construction camps and access roads on the biophysical environment including
protected areas and arable lands; local communities and their settlements. In as much as
possible restore/rehabilitate all sites to acceptable standards.
f) Upon discovery of ancient heritage, relics or anything that might or believed to be of
archaeological or historical importance during the execution of works, immediately report
such findings to the SE so that the appropriate authorities may be expeditiously contacted
for fulfilment of the measures aimed at protecting such historical or archaeological
resources.
g) Discourage construction workers from engaging in the exploitation of natural resources
such as hunting, fishing, and collection of forest products or any other activity that might
have a negative impact on the social and economic welfare of the local communities.
h) Implement soil erosion control measures in order to avoid surface run off and prevents
siltation, etc.
i) Ensure that garbage, sanitation and drinking water facilities are provided in construction
worker scamps.
j) Ensure that, in as much as possible, local materials are used to avoid importation of foreign
material and long distance transportation.
k) Ensure public safety, and meet traffic safety requirements for the operation of work to avoid
accidents.
3. The Contractor shall indicate the period within which he/she shall maintain status on site
after completion of civil works to ensure that significant adverse impacts arising from such
works have been appropriately addressed.
4. The Contractor shall adhere to the proposed activity implementation schedule and the
monitoring plan / strategy to ensure effective feedback of monitoring information to project
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management so that impact management can be implemented properly, and if necessary, adapt
to changing and unforeseen conditions.
5. Besides the regular inspection of the sites by the Supervising Engineer for adherence to the
contract conditions and specifications, the Owner may appoint an Inspector to oversee the
compliance with these environmental conditions and any proposed mitigation measures. State
environmental authorities may carry out similar inspection duties. In all cases, as directed by the
SE, the Contractor shall comply with directives from such inspectors to implement measures
required to ensure the adequacy rehabilitation measures carried out on the bio-physical
environment and compensation for socio-economic disruption resulting from implementation
of any works.
6. All vessels (drums, containers, bags, etc.) containing oil/fuel/surfacing materials and other
hazardous chemicals shall be bonded in order to contain spillage. All waste containers, litter and
any other waste generated during the construction shall be collected and disposed off at
designated disposal sites in line with applicable government waste management regulations.
7. All drainage and effluent from storage areas, workshops and camp sites shall be captured
and treated before being discharged into the drainage system in line with applicable government
water pollution control regulations.
8. Used oil from maintenance shall be collected and disposed off appropriately at designated
sites or be reused or sold for re-use locally.
9. Entry of runoff to the site shall be restricted by constructing diversion channels or holding
structures such as banks, drains, dams, etc. to reduce the potential of soil erosion and water
pollution.
10. Construction waste shall not be left in stockpiles along the road, but removed and reused or
disposed of on a daily basis.
11. If disposal sites for clean spoil are necessary, they shall be located in areas, approved by the
SE, of low land use value and where they will not result in material being easily washed into
drainage channels. Whenever possible, spoil materials should be placed in low-lying areas and
should be compacted and planted with species indigenous to the locality.
12. The Contractor shall obtain appropriate licenses/permits from relevant authorities to
operate quarries or borrow areas.
13. The location of quarries and borrow areas shall be subject to approval by relevant local and
national authorities, including traditional authorities if the land on which the quarry or borrow
areas fall in traditional land.
14. New extraction sites:
a) Shall not be located in the vicinity of settlement areas, cultural sites, wetlands or any other
valued ecosystem component, or on high or steep ground or in areas of high scenic value,
and shall not be located less than 1km from such areas.
b) Shall not be located adjacent to stream channels wherever possible to avoid siltation of river
channels.
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c) Where they are located near water sources, borrow pits and perimeter drains shall surround
quarry sites.
d) Shall not be located in archaeological areas. Excavations in the vicinity of such areas shall
proceed with great care and shall be done in the presence of government authorities having a
mandate for their protection.
e) Shall not be located in forest reserves. However, where there are no other alternatives,
permission shall be obtained from the appropriate authorities and an environmental impact
study shall be conducted.
f) Shall be easily rehabilitated. Areas with minimal vegetation cover such as flat and bare
ground, or areas covered with grass only or covered with shrubs less than 1.5m in height, are
preferred.
g) Shall have clearly demarcated and marked boundaries to minimize vegetation clearing.
15. Vegetation clearing shall be restricted to the area required for safe operation of construction
work. Vegetation clearing shall not be done more than two months in advance of operations.
16. Stockpile areas shall be located in areas where trees can act as buffers to prevent dust
pollution. Perimeter drains shall be built around stockpile areas. Sediment and other pollutant
traps shall be located at drainage exits from workings.
17. The Contractor shall deposit any excess material in accordance with the principles of these
general conditions, and any applicable ESMP, in areas approved by local authorities and/or the
SE.
18. Areas for depositing hazardous materials such as contaminated liquid and solid materials
shall be approved by the SE and appropriate local and/or national authorities before the
commencement of work. Use of existing, approved sites shall be preferred over the
establishment of new sites.
19. To the extent practicable, the Contractor shall rehabilitate the site progressively so that the
rate of rehabilitation is similar to the rate of construction.
20. Always remove and retain topsoil for subsequent rehabilitation. Soils shall not be stripped
when they are wet as this can lead to soil compaction and loss of structure.
21. Topsoil shall not be stored in large heaps. Low mounds of no more than 1 to 2m high are
recommended.
22. Re-vegetate stockpiles to protect the soil from erosion, discourage weeds and maintain an
active population of beneficial soil microbes.
23. Locate stockpiles where they will not be disturbed by future construction activities.
24. To the extent practicable, reinstate natural drainage patterns where they have been
altered or impaired
25. Remove toxic materials and dispose of them in designated sites. Backfill excavated areas with
soils or overburden that is free of foreign material that could pollute groundwater and soil
26. Identify potentially toxic overburden and screen with suitable material to prevent
mobilization of toxins.
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27. Ensure reshaped land is formed so as to be inherently stable, adequately drained and
suitable for the desired long-term land use, and allow natural regeneration of vegetation.
28. Minimize the long-term visual impact by creating landforms that are compatible with the
adjacent landscape.
29. Minimize erosion by wind and water both during and after the process of reinstatement.
30. Compacted surfaces shall be deep ripped to relieve compaction unless subsurface
conditions dictate otherwise.
31. Re-vegetate with plant species that will control erosion, provide vegetative diversity and,
through succession, contribute to a resilient ecosystem. The choice of plant species for
rehabilitation shall be done in consultation with local research institutions, forest
department and the local people.
Water Resources Management
32. The Contractor shall at all costs avoid conflicting with water demands of local
communities.
33. Abstraction of both surface and underground water shall only be done with the
consultation of the local community and after obtaining a permit from the relevant
Water Authority.
34. Abstraction of water from wetlands shall be avoided. Where necessary, authority has to
be obtained from relevant authorities.
35. Temporary damming of streams and rivers shall be done in such a way avoids disrupting
water supplies to communities downstream, and maintains the ecological balance of the
river system.
36. No construction water containing spoils or site effluent, especially cement and oil, shall
be allowed to flow into natural water drainage courses.
37. Wash water from washing out of equipment shall not be discharged into water courses
or road drains.
38. Site spoils and temporary stockpiles shall be located away from the drainage system, and
surface run off shall be directed away from stockpiles to prevent erosion.
39. Location of access roads/detours shall be done in consultation with the local community
especially in important or sensitive environments. Access roads shall not traverse
wetland areas.
40. Upon the completion of civil works, all access roads shall be ripped and rehabilitated.
41. Access roads shall be sprinkled with water at least five times a day in settled areas, and
three times in unsettled areas, to suppress dust emissions.
42. Blasting activities shall not take place less than 2km from settlement areas, cultural sites,
or wetlands without the permission of the SE.
43. Blasting activities shall be done during working hours, and local communities shall be
consulted on the proposed blasting times.
44. Noise levels reaching the communities from blasting activities shall not exceed 90
decibels.
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45. Unusable materials and construction elements such as electro-mechanical equipment,
pipes, accessories and demolished structures will be disposed of in a manner approved
by the SE. The Contractor has to agree with the SE which elements are to be
surrendered to the Client’s premises, which will be recycled or reused, and which will be
disposed of at approved landfill sites.
46. As far as possible, abandoned pipelines shall remain in place. Where for any reason no
alternative alignment for the new pipeline is possible, the old pipes shall be safely
removed and stored at a safe place to be agreed upon with the SE and the local
authorities concerned.
47. AC-pipes as well as broken parts thereof have to be treated as hazardous material and
disposed of as specified above.
48. Unsuitable and demolished elements shall be dismantled to a size fitting on ordinary
trucks for transport.
49. In advance of the construction work, the Contractor shall mount an awareness and
hygiene campaign. Workers and local residents shall be sensitized on health risks
particularly of AIDS.
50. Adequate road signs to warn pedestrians and motorists of construction activities,
diversions, etc. shall be provided at appropriate points.
51. Construction vehicles shall not exceed maximum speed limit of 40km per hour.
52. Should the Contractor, deliberately or accidentally, damage private property, he shall
repair the property to the owner’s satisfaction and at his own cost. For each repair, the
Contractor shall obtain from the owner a certificate that the damage has been made
good satisfactorily in order to indemnify the Client from subsequent claims.
53. In cases where compensation for inconveniences, damage of crops etc. are claimed by
the owner, the Client has to be informed by the Contractor through the SE. This
compensation is in general settled under the responsibility of the Client before signing
the Contract. In unforeseeable cases, the respective administrative entities of the Client
will take care of compensation.
54. Within 6 weeks of signing the Contract, the Contractor shall prepare an EHS-MP to
ensure the adequate management of the health, safety, environmental and social aspects
of the works, including implementation of the requirements of these general conditions
and any specific requirements of an EMP for the works.
The Contractor’s EHS-MP will serve two main purposes:
• For the Contractor, for internal purposes, to ensure that all measures are in place for
adequate HSE management, and as an operational manual for his staff.
• For the Client, supported where necessary by a SE, to ensure that the Contractor is fully
prepared for the adequate management of the HSE aspects of the project, and as a basis
for monitoring of the Contractor’s HSE performance.
55. The Contractor’s EHS-MP shall provide at least:
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• A description of procedures and methods for complying with these general
environmental management conditions, and any specific conditions specified in an EMP;
• A description of specific mitigation measures that will be implemented in order to
minimize adverse impacts;
• A description of all planned monitoring activities (e.g. sediment discharges from borrow
areas) and the reporting thereof; and
• The internal organizational, management and reporting mechanisms put in place for
such.
55. The Contractor’s EHS-MP will be reviewed and approved by the Client before start of
the works. This review should demonstrate if the Contractor’s EHS-MP covers all of the
identified impacts, and has defined appropriate measures to counteract any potential
impacts.
56. The Contractor shall prepare bi-weekly progress reports to the SE on compliance with
these general conditions, the project EMP if any, and his own EHS-MP. An example
format for a Contractor HSE report is given below. It is expected that the Contractor’s
reports will include information on:
• HSE management actions/measures taken, including approvals sought from local or
national authorities;
• Problems encountered in relation to HSE aspects (incidents, including delays, cost
consequences, etc. as a result thereof);
• Lack of compliance with contract requirements on the part of the Contractor;
• Changes of assumptions, conditions, measures, designs and actual works in relation to
HSE aspects; and
• Observations, concerns raised and/or decisions taken with regard to HSE management
during site meetings.
57. It is advisable that reporting of significant HSE incidents be done “as soon as
practicable”. Such incident reporting shall therefore be done individually. Also, it is
advisable that the Contractor keeps his own records on health, safety and welfare of
persons, and damage to property. It is advisable to include such records, as well as copies
of incident reports, as appendices to the bi-weekly reports. Example formats for an
incident notification and detailed report are given below. Details of HSE performance
will be reported to the Client through the SE’s reports to the Client
58. The Contractor shall provide sufficient training to his own personnel to ensure that they
are all aware of the relevant aspects of these general conditions, any project EMP, and
his own EHS-MP, and are able to fulfill their expected roles and functions. Specific
training should be provided to those employees that have particular responsibilities
associated with the implementation of the EHS-MP.
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General topics should be:
• Occupational Health and Safety Basics
• Occupational Health and Safety in water supply pipeline installation
• Safety Practices in Borehole installation and Aquifer Abstraction
• Electrical Safety Basics
• Hazard Identification and Control
• Hazard Communication Program
• Accident Investigation
• Asbestos Management
• Safe work Procedures
• Fall Protection
• Noise Management Program
• Workers Respiratory Program
• Work place Violence Management
• Fire Safety
• Emergency Management; and
• Social and cultural awareness
59. It is expected that compliance with these conditions is already part of standard good
workmanship and state of the art as generally required under this Contract. The item
“Compliance with Environmental Management Conditions” in the Bill of Quantities
covers these costs. No other payments will be made to the Contractor for compliance
with any request to avoid and/or mitigate an avoidable HSE impact.
Example Format: HSE Report
Contract:
Period of reporting:
HSE management actions/measures:
Summarize HSE management actions/measures taken during period of reporting, including
planning and management activities (e.g. risk and impact assessments), HSE training, specific
design and work measures taken, etc.
HSE incidents:
Report on any problems encountered in relation to HSE aspects, including its consequences
(delays, costs) and corrective measures taken. Include relevant incident reports.
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HSE compliance:
Report on compliance with Contract HSE conditions, including any cases of non-compliance.
Changes:
Report on any changes of assumptions, conditions, measures, designs and actual works in
relation to HSE aspects.
Concerns and observations:
Report on any observations, concerns raised and/or decisions taken with regard to HSE
management during site meetings and visits.
Signature (Name, Title Date):
Contractor’s Representative
Example Format: HSE Incident Notification
Provide within 24 hrs to the Supervising Engineer
Originators Reference No:
Date of Incident: Time:
Location of incident:
Name of Person(s) involved:
Employing Company:
Type of Incident:
Description of Incident:
Where, when, what, how, who, operation in progress at the time (only factual)
Immediate Action:
Immediate remedial action and actions taken to prevent reoccurrence or escalation
Signature (Name, Title, Date):
Contractor’s Representative
8.3 Sample Socio Economic data collection Form
IDENTIFICATION
Community: _________________ Date___________________
Name of Interviewer________________________________
Name of the Respondent: _______________________________________________
Phone No___________________________
Affix Passport Here
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Relationship to Household head_________________________
Age___ Sex___
Address: __________________________________________________
Nationality____________ Nativity ___________
Length of stay within the community____________
GENERAL INFORMATION
Religious Group: Christians____Muslim___ATR___Others (specify) ___
Social Group: Vulnerable___General___
Family Pattern: Joint___Nuclear___Individual______
Size of Family: Small (2-4) ____Medium (5-7) ____Large (Above7) ____
FAMILYPARTICULARS (Start from head of the household)
S / N N a m e
o f
M e m b e r
S e x A g e Marital
Status
Relationship
to HH-head
Educational
level
O c c u p a t i o n
Pr imary Secondary
Household’s Main Occupation________________and Monthly income
(N)___________Secondary Source_________and Monthly Income (N)________No. of Adult
earning members:________ No. of dependents:___ Family annual expenditure: (N)_________
COMMERCIAL/SELF EMPLOYMENT ACTIVITIES
Type of Shop/Business Enterprises (SBEs)
Hotel____Provisionstore____Repair& Workshop____ Other Shops (Specify)
___________Other Enterprise (Specify) _____________No. of Partners: ___
Employment Pattern
Owner/Operator____Employed 1 to 5 persons___Employed above 5____
VULNERABILITY
HH becoming BPL as a result of loss of livelihood/asset___ Female headed household___
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PUBLIC UTILITIES
How would you describe the condition of the following amenities in town you live/community?
A m e n i t i e s Very Good G o o d F a i r P o o r
Roads to the community
Roads within the community
Schools in the community
Public Health Institutions
P o t a b l e W a t e r
P u b l i c E l e c t r i c i t y
Communication facilities (Postal Service, Telephone)
Public recreation facilities
What is the major source of water available to your household?
(i)River____ (ii)Borehole (commercial)____ (iii)Borehole (private)___ (iv)Public pipe-borne
water___(v)Pond___ (vi)Water Vendor___ (vii)Well water___
How long does it take you in minutes/hours to get to your water source___
What is your primary source of electricity
(i)Hurricane Lamp___(ii) Private Generators___ (iii)Community Generators___ (iv)State
Government Utilities Board___ (v)Company Operating in your community___ (vi) PHCN
(National Grid)___
What is your secondary source of electricity?
(i)Hurricane Lamp___ (ii) Private Generators___ (iii)Community Generators___ (iv)Company
Operating in your community___
What is the main fuel you use for cooking?
(i)Firewood___(ii)Charcoal___ (iii)Kerosene___ (iv)Gas___ (v)Electricity___(vi)Crop residue/ Saw
dust___(vii) Animal Wastes___(viii)Others___
HEALTH AND SANITATION
What type of toilet facility do you use?
(i)Pit___(ii) Bush___(iii)Bucket___(iv) Water Closet___(v)Others (Specify)……
How do you dispose of your household refuse?
(i)Private Open Dump___(ii) Public Open Dump___(iii) Organized
Collection___(iv)Burning___(v) Bush___(vi)Burying___
Which of the following diseases/condition is most common in your area
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(i)Malaria___(ii)Typhoid___(iii)Diarrhoea___(iv)Cough___(v) Respiratory
Disturbance___(vi)Others__
PROJECT PERCEPTION
Are you aware of the proposed Erosion Rehabilitation Project? Yes___No__
If Yes, Source of information_______________
What is your opinion about the project? Good____ Bad____ Can’t say____
If good, what positive impacts do you perceive? ____________________________
If bad, what negative impacts do you perceive? _____________________________
INFORMATION ON AFFECTED PROPERTY
GPS Coordinates: ____________________
Name of PAP______________________________________________________
Phone No______________________________
Category of PAP: Titleholder___ Encroacher___ Tenant___ Squatter____ others (specify)
__________
Type of document possessed to certify ownership type_________________________________
If not owned, state name and Address of owner_______________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
If informal use right, state type of agreement__________________________________________
Number of years used_____ Rent paid/month (N) ___________
Details of the structure
Type of Use: Residential____Commercial___Residential/Commercial___Other (Specify) __
Construction Type: Mud___Brick___Mud/Thatched roof__Brick/Zinc roof____
No. of Rooms/Storey___Impacted Area (m2) _____Total Impacted Area (m2) ____
Utility Connection: Electricity____Water___Phone__ (P-Partially F-Fully)
Other Affected Assets
Compound wall/fence___ Tree___ Farmland____ Borehole/well___ Others (Specify) ____
Replacement Value (N) _________
Assets distance to the wall edge_____________
Agricultural Products
T y p e o f C r o p
O w n e r o f C r o p
T o t a l y e a r l y p r o d u c t i o n
A v e r a g e y i e l d
A v e r a g e v a l u e o f c r o p
Number of labor used for production
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Crop products sold at market (%)
Average yearly household income from agriculture (N) __________
Trees
T y p e o f T r e e
Number of a f fected Tree
Average yield of fruit bearing trees
Average yearly income from fruit tree
RESETTLEMENT AND REHABILITATION
In case you are displaced (residentially) where and how far do you prefer to be located?
Within the area___ Outside the area____ Place name_______________ Distance___ (km)
Which is your preferred replacement Option?
Land for land lost ___Cash Assistance ___House in Resettlement Site ___Shop in Resettlement Site
__Other (Specify) ___
Factors to be considered in providing alternate place
Access to family/friends ____Income from friends___ Income from Business activity___ Daily
Job___ Close to Market___ Other (Specify) ____
8.4 ESMP Disclosure Process
Whenever the Bank requires an environmental assessment (EA), the proposed borrower prepares an
EA report as a separate, free-standing document. The EA report is publicly available (a) after the
borrower has made the draft EA report available at a public place accessible to project-affected
groups and local NGOs in accordance with OP/BP 4.01, Environmental Assessment, and (b) after such
EA report has been officially received by the Bank, but before the Bank begins formal appraisal of
the project.
To comply with World Bank policies on Environmental Assessment of projects and disclosure of
information, all sponsors of projects are required to prepare and publicly disclose the ESMP.
Sponsors must provide copies of the ESMP—along with all other documents related to a project’s
environmental assessment—for submission to the World Bank website for public access at least 60
days before the Bank’s formal consideration of the project for financing.
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In addition to complying with Nigeria disclosure requirements, the sponsor must ensure that the
ESMP is available throughout the project area.
Members of the community will be informed about the disclosure via National dailies as well as
community leaders prior to the disclosure.
To this end, the sponsor may be required to prepare summaries of the ESMP in local languages for
distribution to accessible points within the project area. The 60-day disclosure period will allow time
for all interested and affected parties to submit their comments and concerns about the ESMP.
This makes room for addressing grievances that may arise. The document also contains a section
that gives a guide line on how grievances can and will be handled if they arise which is an important
section of the document.
However, under certain circumstances, based entirely on the judgment of World Bank specialists, a
RAP may warrant a shorter period of public review. Under these circumstances, sponsors will be
required to publicly disclose the RAP 30 days before formal consideration of project financing.
More detailed information on public disclosure requirements is contained in the World Bank’s
Operational Policy 4.01 on Environmental Assessment and its policy on the disclosure of
information.
Failure to follow these guidelines may give room to some unscrupulous elements within the
community to try and destabilize the success of the project by bringing forward unnecessary and
unrealistic claims.
This Environmental and Social Management Plan prepared for the Federal High Court-
EkwuemeSquare gully Erosion site, the SPMU is expected to disclose the document at the
following locations;
World Bank website,
NEWMAP Anambra SPMU,
NEWMAP FPMU,
Environmental Assessment (EA) Department Federal Ministry of Environment,
Office of the State Controller Federal Ministry of Environment
Office of the Anambra State Commissioner for Environment,
The project LGA c/o the LGA NEWMAP liaison officer,
The Fedral High Court (Which in this case serves as the meeting place of the host
community)
Office of the Commissioner for Local Government Matters.
Members of the community are freely obligated to visit any of the display centres for the purpose of
requesting access to view the Draft ESMP document. It is expected that they will submit comments,
suggestions and remarks on the document which will be received and collated by the SPMU.
Furthermore, the SPMU should ensure that these comments are in turn communicated to the
Consultant who will address where necessary d subsequently submit a Draft Final ESMP Report.
This when in cleared will form the Final ESMP Report.
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8.5 Annex Four
Attendance for PAPs Engagement
8.6 Minute of meetings during consultation with SPMU, PAPs and other
Stakeholders
8.6.1 Minutes of the Meeting between the Project Affected Persons (PAPs)
of Judiciary/Ekwueme Square Gully Erosion Site with the Consultant
on 11/1/18 at the site.
1. Opening: The meeting was called to order at 11:00am at the gully erosion site.
2. Opening Remark:
The consultant welcomed the PAPs to the meeting and thanked particularly Mr. Ezenagu
Eke herein referred to as Contact Person who helped to gather other PAPs that were not
easily contacted. On the first visit, the Consultant used the forum to disclose to the PAPs
the reason for the meeting which borders on the proposed intervention that will impact
negatively on their farms as their means of livelihood. He further sought for their
cooperation at all times to ensure proper documentation of their assets (crops) and supposed
entitlements that will accrue during valuation.
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3. Response from PAPs:
On behalf of the PAPs, Mr. Ezenagu Eke thanked the team and expressed satisfaction
with the information given and the State Government readiness to intervene on the ongoing
gully menace. He also expressed their willingness to cooperate with the Consultants to
ensure a smooth conduct of the exercise.
4. Adjournment: The meeting was adjourned to 12/1/18 at the site by 12:30pm. The
Consultants requested that the PAPs should gather for field verification.
5. Closing: The meeting came to a close by 1:00pm
8.6.2 Minutes of the Meeting between the Project Affected Persons (PAPs)
of Judiciary/Ekwueme Square Gully Erosion Site with the Consultant
on 12/01/18
1. Opening: The meeting was called to order at 11:00pm at the gully erosion site project
2. Opening Remarks:
The consultant welcomed the PAPs to the meeting and thanked them for their zeal in
responding to calls for the interaction on the way forward.
The PAPs were intimated on the need for field verification on the claims which is crucial to
the exercise since it involves compensation. He stressed that the state government will not
attend to any vicious claims, not verifiable in the field. Besides, no PAP shall be attended to in
proxy.
He further explained that the procedure involved PAP standing by their farm plots in order
to capture their images accordingly and thereafter take measurement of farm sizes for
quantification and valuation.
3. Response from PAPs:
In response, MrsFideliaEcheta, one of the PAPs expressed satisfaction in the procedure
involved in compensating for their crops. She admitted that government officials initially advised
them to make use of the land, pending when intervention work shall commence; a period that
they were not certain about.
4. Field Verification:
Based on the explanation given by the consultant and the response from a representative of
the PAP, the team in conjunction with the PAPs undertook measurement of beneficiaries’ farm
sizes, their photographs and geographical coordinates of the farm locations.
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The exercise was a success. The PAPs appreciated the team.
5. Adjournment: The meeting was adjourned to 13/1/18. The consultant requested the PAPs
to come around on 13/1/18 at 10am for questionnaire administration and awareness on
means of identification.
6. Closing: The meeting came to a close at 6:30pm
8.6.3 Minutes of the Meeting between the Project Affected Persons (PAPs)
of Judiciary/Ekwueme Square Gully Erosion Site with the Consultant
on 13/01/18 at the site
1. Opening: The meeting was called to order at 2:00pm at the gully erosion project site
2. Opening Remark:
The consultant welcomed the PAPs at the meeting and re-affirmed the essence of the
meeting for the day which borders on filling the questionnaires accurately and enlightenment on
the correct means of identification
3. Questionnaire Administration: The questionnaire were distributed to the PAPs by the
consultants and retrieved.
4. Enlightenment on the means of identification:
The consultant enlightened the required documents to produce as means of identification. These
Include the following:
a) National Identity Card
b) Driver’s License
c) Voter’s Card OR
d) International Passport
In addition, they were told to ensure that their names were consistent on their means of
identification at all times. However, where there are discrepancies in the spelt names on their
means of identification, an affidavit can be taken to buttress the claims.
The consultant also requested the PAPs to submit their two passport sized photographs for
documentation.
5. Adjournment: The meeting was adjourned to 15/1/18 at 10am for the consultant to collect
their passport and to confirm their Identity cards.
6. Closing: The meeting came to a close at 6:45pm.
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6.7 PAPS’ Affidavit