ANALYZING THE NEED FOR PUBLIC TRANSPORT - idrperak.comidrperak.com/idr/images/kerian.pdf · ANALYZING THE NEED FOR PUBLIC TRANSPORT A Case Study Of Kerian District, Perak. Contribution

ANALYZING THE NEED FOR

PUBLIC TRANSPORT A Case Study Of Kerian District, Perak.

Contribution of public transportation:

Creating competitive economic activities

and liveable environment for

communities.

Increasing access to jobs opportunities,

public facilities and social amenities.

Developing key strategies, planning,

operational data and issues relevant to the

current status, potential issues, and future directions of public transportation in

Kerian District. KRA 4 - mudah capai dan efisien kos yang bersesuaian. 4.3.1 - integrasi, kebolehsampaian dan kualiti sistem. 4.3.2 - memperbaiki masa perjalanan, kebolehpercayaan dan keselesaan.

KERIAN PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM

This research:

Consisting of literature review, data analysis and findings of public transport

study in the District of Kerian, Perak Darul Ridzuan. Studying existing public transport scenarios

in August 2012 to November 2012 Containing information and analyses that

contributes to a cohesive vision for a future transportation system in

rural areas.

Perak Amanjaya Development Plan

Public transport current issues: Integration between modes, infrastructure and facilities Accessibility and efficiency, improvements to the quality of services Level of services

INTRODUCTION

AIM AND OBJECTIVES:

Aim: KRA 4 – Strategies 4.3.1 and 4.3.2 Objectives : 1. To identify the existing of public transportation systems and

services provided in Kerian District.

2. To analyze the potential public transportation system and gap

of demand and supply of public transportation in the study area

3. To propose community friendly and reasonable public transportation services for the benefits of the residents of Kerian.

4. To provide recommendations and suggestions for better public transportation services

SCOPE

The scope to covered by the research are limited only to the following: i. Capacity ii. Passenger Catchment Area iii. Route iv. Facilities

KEY FEATURES OF PROJECT • Integrated public transportation • Public transport operation and development

DATA SCOPE SOURCE OUTPUT a. time headway

(minute),

b. cycle time (minute),

c. number of trips

(trip/bus/day), and

d. travel distance

(km/bus/day).

• Capacity

• Passenger

Catchment Area

• Route

• Facilities

Bus / taxi / terminal operator

• Bus & taxi route network

• Frequencies table for

bus & taxi operators, fares, schedule

Operator and operating system

Fare and Ticketing

Route and Scheduling

Terminal and Bus Stop Facilities

Operating Speed in

Mixed Traffic

Stage Bus Service

Characteristics

Regularity of Bus

Service

SURVEY REQUIREMENT

DATA TYPES OF SURVEY

WHAT TO FIND EQUIPMENT NO OF

PERSON TIME FRAME

Primary data on bus/taxi operation system

Service frequency survey

a. time headway

(minute),

b. cycle time (minute),

c. number of trips

(trip/bus/day), and

d. travel distance

(km/bus/day).

i. Stationeries ii. Set of

questions iii. Survey form iv. Camera v. Road map of

Kerian city

1 or 2 2 days (minimum)

Primary data on bus/taxi route and scheduling

Onboard survey

a. bus stop distance

b. time of departure

c. number stop

point/bus stop

d. bus route

i. Stationeries ii. Set of

questions iii. Survey form iv. Camera v. GPS (Garmin) vi. Road map of

Kerian city

1-3

Repeatedly between two terminals

FIELD SURVEY CHECKLIST

Source Area of studies

Report of Findings of Kerian Local Plan (Laporan Penemuan RT Kerian)

Existing transport infrastructure in Kerian - Bus and taxi terminal - Bus stops - Train stations - Interchange facilities Parking facilities in Kerian

Bus operator Bus route within Kerian and outer Kerian - Travel distance Bus fares and ticketing Bus capacity - Rolling stocks - Demand - Schedule and frequency - Issues and problems

Taxi operator Taxi route within Kerian and outer Kerian - Travel distance Taxi fares Taxi capacity - Rolling stocks - Demand - Schedule and frequency - Issues and problems

KTMB Train route within Kerian and outer Kerian - Travel distance Train fares Train capacity - Rolling stocks - Demand - Schedule and frequency - Issues and problems

Existing bus station of Kerian - Existing facilities photos - Existing condition of bus station photos - Existing bus condition photos

DATA REQUIRED CHECKLIST

Research activities

2012 August September October November December

Finalising proposal

Literature review

Inception report

Data collection Data cleaning

Data analysis

Interim report

Report writing Technical report First draft Final drafts

RESEARCH MILESTONES AND DELIVERABLES

Legend

District Boundary

Town and Village

Boundary

Main Road

STUDY AREA

Thrust

no.

Kerian Local Plan 2020 Local Plan measures

4.1 Kerian District as an Integrated

International Transit Centre

[page 4-2]

Upgrading the Parit Buntar and Bagan Serai station facilities parallel with the proposed of double-track route.

Developed Utara Malaysia Airport Terminal (UMAT) as an international airport equipped with facilities for international passenger and cargo.

Proposed to construct an elevated interchange at Alor Pangsu to provide direct access to Kerian Distrcit from PLUS highway.

4.2 To upgrade and integrate rail

based transport with other modes

[page 4-4]

Redevelop the Parit Buntar and Bagan Serai station as transit centers

To build a halt at Bukit Merah as a new train station. To provide bus and taxi stops at the train station (Transit

Center) To integrate the UMAT proposal with Kerian District transit

center which are Parit Buntar and Bagan Serai station.

4.3 To create a comprehensive,

reliable and convenience public

transportation. [page 4-6]

Increase the level of public transport services with the construction of the Parit Buntar and Bagan Serai Bus and Taxi Integrated Public Transport Terminal

Adding bus routes throughout the main settlement centers and tourist attractions at Kerian District

Provide bus routes within Parit Buntar city

Source: Kerian District Draft Local Plan 2020

TRANSPORT PLANNING POLICY IN KERIAN LOCAL PLAN 2020

The findings : a set of alternatives in improving the public transport system in Kerian. KRAs can be assessed : the services levels including rolling stocks, scheduling and dispatching, public transport information systems and station facilties. Recommendations : service providers, decision makers, stakeholer to efficient and effective systems : users to visualize the best alternatives for the operations’ benefit.

Tangible outcomes are:

• Outlining the existing conditions public transportation services in Kerian.

• Highlighting the impacts of public transport towards Kerian’s residents.

• Providing recommendations and suggestions for the provision of existing and new facilities of public transportation system.

• Systematically documenting the current progress of management and operation of data gathering, processing, and analysis and dissemination system pertaining to the public transportation services in the future.

OUTCOME OF STUDY

Transport system : contributes to the economy GDP, employment, access to jobs, residential and facilities integrated and sustainable : economic growth ameliorate: traffic congestion, and difficulties in spatial access to economic opportunities.

Evaluate: sustainability assessment in assessing the practicality, level of sustainability and its feasibility for the current and future needs. Transportation planning to confirm the projection and the management of spatial resources of land can be maximized with the concern of environmental, social and economic needs.

THE NEEDS OF EFFICIENT PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION IN URBAN AREA

LITERATURE REVIEW

urbanization process - nurtures the growth of population and it basic needs. transportation facilitate - mobility of people and goods, becomes the main urbanization activities. - Spurs rapid growth of development in urban areas.

Zegras (2005) - creates economics, social and environmental impacts. integration approach - all aspects and stakeholders

CONT’...

Issues - limitation of facilities, the use of low quality mode of public transport, inconvenience of fleets, low passenger trips and long waiting time (Suwardo, M. Napiah, and I. Kamaruddin, 2007). - a large number of trips produced can increase the traffic together with the low growth of road length and the inadequate facility of public transport - alternative of using public transport is to reduce the traffic volume.

development of public transport should be done through the approaches of: • Accessible and affordable public transport • Increasing tourist arrival to Perak need for

better public transport • Transport management in which promoting

of public transport use • Encouraging public/private participation in

transportation development

CONT’...

A.Hull (2005) - sustainable strategies should overcome the lack of integration, divergent agendas and lack of fit between disciplinary and administrative policy areas. sustainability agenda as key drivers.

key dimensions of sustainable transport are correlation of economic, social and environment. Economic activities, sustaining of goods, services and people mobility (Litman and Burwell, 2004). sustainable transport – safeguard the environment and balance the social equity through resources management, environmental protection, safety and health, and accessibility for the people

CONT’...

System for measuring performance Level of Service (LOS) 1) speed and travel time 2) freedom to maneuver 3) traffic interruptions 4) comfort & convenience 5) level of facility or service or quality of traffic flow (Table 4)

LEVEL OF SERVICE FOR PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION SERVICE

LOS Basic Criteria of Measurement

A

i. Free flow

ii. Low traffic volume & high speed

iii. Traffic density is low

iv. Little or no restrictions in manoeuvrability due to absence of other vehicles

v. Little or no delay

vi. Ratio of v/c is very low

B

i. Stable flow

ii. Operating speed begins to be restricted

iii. Traffic volume begins to increase

iv. Delay time begins to increase

v. Driving comfort and convenience

C

i. Still in stable flow

ii. Speed and manoeuvrability of vehicles are more closely controlled by higher traffic volume

iii. Driving comfort and convenience begins to decrease

D

i. Approaches unstable flow

ii. Tolerable operating speed

iii. Delay time begins to increase

iv. Little freedom to manoeuvre

v. Traffic volume begins to approach road capacity

vi. Driving comfort and convenience are low

E

i. Unstable flow

ii. Lower operating speed than LOS D

iii. Traffic volume near to road capacity

iv. Driving comfort and conveniences are very low

v. More frequent stoppages of vehicles

F

i. Forced flow operation

ii. Very low speed

iii. Traffic volume at or more than road capacity

iv. Queuing of vehicles

v. Stoppages of vehicles are very frequent (stop & go)

vi. Traffic density is very high

CONT’...

Variables to be measured in the quantitative • Overall public bus passengers satisfaction • Future demand for public bus service • Passengers anticipation on route,

frequency and fare Variables to be collected in GPS survey • Distance • Drop off point • Time of trip Possible determination of LOS in Kerian • Fixed-route Service Frequency LOS • Fixed-route Hour of Service LOS • LOS Scheme for transit speed • Passengers Loading LOS Thresholds (Off-

peak) • Service Frequency LOS Thresholds (Off-

peak)

CONT’...

To create an excellent public transport system in Kerian, route expansion and route diversification can be the best approaches to sustain the mobility and serve the citizen future needs. Integration of types of public transport service also will contributes on the effectiveness and efficiency of the overall system.

FINDINGS OF RESEARCH

(SUMMARY)

PASSENGERS’ PERCEPTION OF SERVICES • Overall AVERAGE/MEDIUM satisfaction

• POTENTIAL EXPANSION of demand for public bus service

• Identified ROUTES, FREQUENCY AND FARE

• GENERATION GAPS in perception and expectation

• Level of Services D/E are of concerns, namely FLEET NUMBER AND QUALITY,

FREQUENCY and ADHERENCE TO SCHEDULE, SAFETY of passengers during alighting/drop-off

• But, vehicles conditions, interior and exteriors, fares and capacity are NOT of great concerns

• SHELTERS conditions

• Imperfect and limited INFORMATION on services

Demand (DD) Supply (SS)

i. There were gap in the age of users and this generation gap is significant in determining the future demand of bus service.

ii. Older respondents were more incline to have more frequent trips rather than improvement of the physical condition of the buses (better exterior and interior of the buses and installation of air conditional system).

iii. Occupancy of bus service during off-peak was 80% from 44 sit and 16 standing offered. This clearly shows that there is high demand for public transport even though the survey was conducted during off-peak hour

iv. Passengers declined to disclose their real income level. For those who are willing to disclose their income, the range on average is between RM400 to RM700. This showed that the users were considered from low income group because the national average for low income (poor) is RM500.

v. Most of passengers were aware of the frequency of bus trip and the schedule and they usually did not refer to the bus schedule.

vi. Most of the bus stops were with shelter and seating area.

vii. Fare for taxi service is expensive and no meter system were used for taxi services in Kerian.

i. Route to Selama has been discontinued ii. LOS of Bus service is grade A/C/D/E iii. LOS of paratransit is grade A iv. LOS of train service is grade A/D v. During the survey, there were three occasions where the buses failed

to start. These buses need proper and continuing maintenance and some may need to be overhaul. Some of the buses have registration number started with AHQ and ACQ which showed that these buses were quite old.

vi. Bus layby was not clear and proper drop-off area were not designated by the bus operators. Most of the drivers would stop their passengers anywhere on the roadside. This can be dangerous and can create accident to road users.

vii. The overall road network in Kerian is good with dual lane and dual carriageway

viii. The Bus stop is in minimal design with minimal shelter. There is not protection for the users during heavy rain.

ix. Intercity public bus service is good x. Train service is good based on visual inspection xi. Illegal van services were many and there is no approval for the

operation of these vans. This finding is based on site observation only. xii. There is flexible time and destination offered by the taxi service xiii. The Fare is disclosed on board at the bus station and taxi station xiv. Based on site observation, there is delay on bus trip. Some of the buses

were delay more than 30 minutes and in one instances, the bus was delay for more than 1 hour.

xv. There is door to door services by the buses along the route trip. This may be due to the takeoff and alight point were not designated by the bus operators.

DEMAND VS SUPPLY

Mark

Criteria

Bus Service Taxi Service Train Service

R3 R5 R8 Statio

n 1 Station 2

Station

Bagan Serai

Station

Parit

Buntar

Fixed-route Service Frequency

LOS A A C - - D D

Fixed-route Hour of Service

LOS D D C - - A A

LOS Scheme for transit speed D E E - - - -

Passengers Loading LOS

Thresholds (Off-peak) A A C A A - -

Service Frequency LOS

Thresholds (Off-peak) E E E A A - -

Source: Data Collection, November 2012.

MATRIX OF LOS FOR PUBLIC TRANSPORT SERVICES IN KERIAN

LOS Passengers per Seat Comments

A 0.00-0.50 No passenger need to sit next to another

B 0.51-0.75 Passengers can choose where to sit

C 0.76-1.00 All passengers can sit

D 1.01-1.25* Comfortable standee load for urban transit

E 1.26-1.50* Maximum schedule load for urban transit

F >1.50* Crush load

Passengers Loading LOS Thresholds

LOS Passengers per

Seat

Frequency

(buses/hour)

Comments

A <10 .6 Passengers do not need schedules

B 10-14 5-6 Frequent service, passengers consult

schedules

C 15-20 3-4 Maximum desirable time to wait if bus

missed

D 21-30 2 Service unattractive to choice riders

E 31-60 1 Service available during the hour

F >60 <1 Service unattractive to all riders

Service Frequency LOS Thresholds

Source: Transport Research Board of National Academics TCRP Report 100

(TCQSM 2003) as cited in Madzlan Napiah, Amirah Suriati Ahmad Farid and

Suwardo (2010)

*approximate values for comparison

Source: Transport Research Board of National Academics TCRP Report 100

(TCQSM 2003) as cited in Madzlan Napiah, Amirah Suriati Ahmad Farid and

Suwardo (2010)

LEGEND:

LOS Transit speed as % of

automobile speed

Description of LOS

A >87.5 Transit trip can be considered at as fast as automobile

B 75.0-87.4 Transit trip barely noticeably longer

C 62.5-74.9 Transit trip slightly longer

D 50.0-62.4 Transit trip longer

E 37.5-49.9 Transit trip at least twice as long

F 25-37.4 Transit trip at least

LOS Scheme for transit speed

LOS Average Headway

(min) Vehicle per hour

Comments

A <10 >6 Passengers do not need schedules

B 10-14 5-6 Frequent service, passengers consult schedules

C 15-20 3-4 Maximum desirable time to wait if bus/train

missed

D 21-30 2 Service unattractive to choice riders

E 31-60 1 Service available during the hour

F >60 <1 Service unattractive to all riders

Fixed-route Service Frequency LOS

LOS Hours of service Comments

A 19-24 Night ‘owl’ service provided

B 17-18 Late evening service provided

C 14-16 Early evening service provided

D 12-13 Daytime service provided

E 4-11 Peak hour service only or limited midday service

F 0-3 Very limited or no service

Fixed-route Hour of Service LOS

Source: Noorfakhriah and

Madzlan, 2001, p.6

Source: Noorfakhriah and

Madzlan, 2001, p.5

Source: Herman Orth, Robert

Dorbritz and Ulrich Weidmann,

2011, Public Transport Capacity

and Quality- Development of an

LOS-Based Evaluation Scheme

LEGEND:

FINDINGS OF RESEARCH (PUBLIC BUS)

Route

No.

Route No. of

buses

Frequency

(min)

Distance

(km)

Journey

time

(min)

Bus service at Parit Buntar station

A Parit Buntar-Taiping 1 70 98 60

B Parit Buntar-Kuala Kurau 1 45 16 30

C Parit Buntar-Tanjung Piandang 1 45 13 30

Bus service at Bagan Serai station

A Bagan Serai-Tanjung Piandang 1 70 36 60

B Bagan Serai-Kuala Kurau 1 70 44 60

Sources : Kerian District Draft Local Plan 202

INTRA-CITY BUS FREQUENCY

Parit Buntar Parit Buntar

Simpang 5 1.00 Simpang 5

Sg. Bogak 1.50 1.00 Sg. Bogak

Bagai Serai 1.90 1.50 1.00 Bagan Serai

Masjid Tinggi 2.40 1.90 1.50 1.00 Masjid Tinggi

Sungai

Gedong

2.80 2.30 1.80 1.30 0.90 Sungai Gedong

Simpang 4 3.20 2.80 2.30 1.80 1.30 1.00 Simpang 4

Semanggol 3.40 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.20 0.70 Semanggol

Jln Aik Estate 3.90 3.40 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.60 1.20 1.00 Jalan Aik Estate

Krian Road 4.30 3.90 3.40 3.00 2.50 2.10 1.60 1.50 1.00 Krian Road

Kamunting

(Lama)

4.70 4.30 3.80 3.30 2.80 2.50 2.00 1.80 1.30 1.00 Kamunting

(Lama)

Taiping 5.20 4.70 4.30 3.80 3.30 3.00 2.50 2.30 1.90 1.50 1.00 Taiping

Source: Red Omnibus Co. Sdn. Bhd, 2012

BUS FARE FROM PARIT BUNTAR TO TAIPING (R8)

FARE: RM1.00 to RM5.20


Simpang 5 1.00 Simpang 5

Batu 5 1.30 0.80 Batu 5

Batu 7 1.60 1.20 0.90 Batu 7

Simpang 3 1.90 1.50 1.20 0.90 Simpang 3

Kuala Kurau 2.20 1.70 1.50 1.10 0.80 Kuala Kurau

Table 16: Bus Fare From Parit Buntar to Kuala Kurau (R3)


Parit Kasa 1.00 Parit Kasa

Sungai Bakau 1.30 0.80 Sungai Bakau

Sungai Kota 1.60 1.20 0.90 Sungai Kota

Bagan Tiang 1.90 1.50 1.20 0.90 Bagan Tiang

Tanjung Piandang 2.20 1.70 1.50 1.10 0.80 Tanjung Piandang

Table 17: Bus Fare From Parit Buntar to Tanjung Piandang (R5)

BUS FARE FROM PARIT BUNTAR TO R3 AND R5


FARE: RM0.80 to RM2.20

6.00 am 9.30 am 1.00 pm 4.30 pm

6.30 am 10.00 am 1.30 pm 5.00 pm

7.00 am 10.30 am 2.00 pm 5.25 pm

7.30 am 11.00 am 2.30 pm 5.50 pm

8.00 am 11.30 am 3.00 pm 6.30 pm

8.30 am 12.00 pm 3.30 pm 7.30 pm

9.00 am 12.30 pm 4.00 pm 8.30 pm

Table 18: Bus Route 8 Parit Buntar -Taiping Schedule

6.10 am 10.30 am 3.00 pm 7.30 pm

7.30 am 12.00 pm 4.30 pm

9.00 am 1.30 pm 6.20 pm

Table 19: Bus Route 5 Parit Buntar – Tanjung Piandang Schedule

6.10 am 10.10 am 2.10 pm 6.10 pm

7.30 am 11.30 am 3.30 pm 7.30 pm

8.00 am 12.50 pm 4.50 pm

Table 20: Bus Route 3 Parit Buntar – Kuala Kurau


BUS ROUTE SCHEDULE

OPERATIONAL SERVICE : 0600 - 2100

Ticketing System

Bus conductor and paper ticket is the operational system applied by Red Omnibus Sdn. Bhd

as the single intra-city bus service operator (Figure 4). The fare rate is calculated based on

distance and interval time.

Figure 4: The ticketing system for intra-city bus service is still using bus conductor and paper

ticket with serial number for route identification.

TICKETING SYSTEM

Existing Bus Condition

Observation on the existing bus condition shows that the bus is not using air-conditional

system and some of the bus is in need to be upgraded. The bus also using the ring button

system that located at the bottom of passengers seat where not universally designed to cater

for physical disability user. All the observation is recorded in the Figure 5, Figure 6, Figure 7

and Figure 8:

Figure 5: Passengers need to push the ring button to take off from the bus for sighting at

destination

Figure 6: The condition of bus interior during peak hours and off-peak.

EXISTING BUS CONDITION

Figure 7: Intra-city bus exterior

Figure 8: Red Omnibus Sdn. Bhd is the single operator for Intra-city bus service in Kerian

District.

EXISTING BUS CONDITION

No Bus Operator Route Departure Station

1 Maraliner Parit Buntar – Kerian – Kuala Lumpur Parit Buntar

2 Shamisha Ekspress Parit Buntar – Kerian - Kuala Lumpur - Klang – Shah Alam – Temerloh –

Kuantan – Kota Bharu – Tanah Merah – Machang – Pengkalan Chepa –Kuala

Terengganu - Jertih

Parit Buntar

3 Era Mesra Parit Buntar – Kerian – Kuala Lumpur – Klang – Shah Alam – Kajang –

Seremban – Melaka – Johor Bharu - Singapura

Parit Buntar

Bagan Serai – Kuala Lumpur – Shah Alam -Klang Bagan Serai

4 Lion Star Parit Buntar – Kuala Lumpur – Johor Bharu - Singapura Parit Buntar

Bagan Serai – Kuala Lumpur – Air Hitam – Skudai – Larkin – Yong Peng –

Johor Bharu - Singapura

Bagan Serai

5 Konsortium

Parit Buntar – Kuala Lumpur – Johor Bharu – Singapura – Temerloh -

Kuantan

Parit Buntar

Bagan Serai – Kuala Lumpur – Kajang – Seremban – Melaka – Johor Bharu –

Skudai – Kluang – Larkin – Singapura – Kuantan - Temerloh

Bagan Serai

6 Haider Ekspres Parit

Buntar – Kuala Lumpur – Klang – Shah Alam Parit Buntar

7 Megastar Ekspres Parit Buntar – Kajang – Seremban - Melaka Parit Buntar

8 Kejora Ekspres

Parit Buntar – Johor Bharu - Singapura Parit Buntar

Bagan Serai – Kuala Lumpur – Kajang – Seremban – Melaka – Johor Bharu –

Skudai – Kluang – Larkin - Singapura

Bagan Serai

9 Transnasional

Parit Buntar – Kuala Lumpur Parit Buntar

10 Plusliner Parit Buntar – Butterworth Parit Buntar

11 Naik Selalu Ekspres Parit Buntar – Kuala Lumpur – Klang – Shah Alam Parit Buntar

12 Bumiwira Ekspres Parit Buntar – Butterworth Parit Buntar

13 KKKL Ekspres

Parit Buntar – Kuala Lumpur – Seremban – Melaka – Muar – Batu Pahat –

Johor Bharu – Singapura - Kuantan

Parit Buntar

Source: Kerian District Draft Local Plan 2020

INTER-CITY BUS SERVICES

The bus stop is provided along the Kerian main road with no specific standard design. Each of

bus stop has been provided with different types of shelter and size (Figure 9). Some of the bus

stop is not equiped with the seating and no take off curb for passengers. Most of the bus stops

are not provided with proper lighting or public phones. However, from the secondary sources

and observation conducted, the services are only till 7.00pm and most passengers are stop at

door-to-door point along the main road of the route.

Figure 9: Different types of design of existing bus stop along the Kerian main road can be upgraded by

redesigning it with designs that represent Kerian as identity and potray more tangible road

urbanscapes.

EXISTING BUS STOP

PUBLIC BUS SERVICE ROUTE

Figure 11: Bus Route 3

Figure 12 : Bus Route 5

Figure 13: Bus Route 8

Figure 14:Hentian Raya Parit Buntar Current Condition

Figure 15: Hentian Raya Bagan Serai Current Condition

Figure 16: Travel speed, stoppage line and travel distance from Parit Buntar Station to Tanjung Piandang

AVERAGE SPEED: 26.7 KMH

Figure 17: Travel speed, stoppage line and travel distance from Bagan Serai Station to Kuala Kurau Bus


Figure 18: Travel speed, stoppage line and travel distance from Parit Buntar Station to Taiping


PASSENGER SATISFACTION AND ASPIRATION

0

39%

22%

37%

2%

Very Satisfied

Fairly Satisfied

Neither Satisfied nor Dissatisfied

Fairly Dissatisfied

Very Dissatisfied

Figure 19: Overall Public Bus Passengers Satisfaction

Table 22: Passengers anticipation to use public bus by route

I will use public bus service Total

everyday 5 days per week

3 days per week

1 day per week

never

Route

R3 Kuala Kurau 8 3 9 14 3 37

R5 Tanjung Piandang

2 2 7 13 7 31

R8 Taiping 4 6 7 8 7 32

Total 14 11 23 35 17 100

I choose public bus service at Total

9.00am to

6.00pm

6.00am to

9.00pm

6.00am to

10.00pm

8.00am to

11.00pm

7.00am

to

9.00pm

Route

R3 Kuala Kurau 9 10 14 0 4 37

R5 Tanjung

Piandang 8 9 9 0 5 31

R8 Taiping 13 6 6 2 5 32

Total 30 25 29 2 14 100

Table 23: Time of passengers used public bus by route

INCREASED OPERATION PERIOD

DEMAND FOR WEEKLY TRIPS

Table 27: Passengers used public bus because of public bus affordability by route

I use public bus service because it is affordable for me Total

low average medium good excellent

Route

R3 Kuala Kurau 4 3 5 7 18 37

R5 Tanjung Piandang 2 4 10 3 12 31

R8 Taiping 2 1 3 4 22 32

Total 8 8 18 14 52 100

Table 28: Passengers used public bus because of punctuality by route

I use public bus service because it is on time Total


Route

R3 Kuala Kurau 5 6 10 3 13 37


R8 Taiping 11 5 4 3 9 32

Total 28 15 15 11 31 100

I want the public bus service frequency at Total

every 60

minutes

every 45

minutes

every 30

minutes

every 20

minutes

every 15

minutes

Route

R3 Kuala

Kurau 1 0 13 4 19 37

R5 Tanjung

Piandang 1 1 17 6 6 31

R8 Taiping 6 1 9 5 11 32

Total 8 2 39 15 36 100

Table 29: Passengers anticipation of public bus frequency by route PUNCTUALITY: LOW/MEDIUM

I want the bus speed at Total

90 km/h 80km/h 70km/h 60km/h 45km/h

Route

R3 Kuala Kurau 15 8 3 10 1 37

R5 Tanjung

Piandang 9 14 5 3 0 31

R8 Taiping 14 11 5 2 0 32

Total 38 33 13 15 1 100

Table 30: Passengers anticipation of public bus speed by route

I want public bus service to provide on time trip from O to

D

Total


Route

R3 Kuala Kurau 3 10 5 7 12 37


R8 Taiping 10 8 1 7 6 32

Total 19 21 9 25 26 100

Table 31: Passengers anticipation of public bus punctuality by route

I want public bus service to provide frequent bus trip Total

low average medium good excellen

t

Route

R3 Kuala Kurau 5 5 8 7 12 37


R8 Taiping 2 6 10 6 8 32

Total 12 14 23 23 28 100

Table 32: Passengers anticipation towards public bus frequency by route

INCREASED FREQUENCY TO 15 – 30 MINUTES

PUNCTUALITY: LACK IN ROUTE 8

I want public bus service to provide safe trip with good bus station

and bus stop facilities

Total


Route

R3 Kuala Kurau 0 7 11 10 9 37

R5 Tanjung

Piandang 1 4 17 5 4 31

R8 Taiping 1 2 9 11 9 32

Total 2 13 37 26 22 100

Table 33: Passengers anticipation towards public bus facilities by route

I want public bus service to provide clean and comfortable

bus with airconditional system)

Total


Route

R3 Kuala Kurau 1 6 10 10 10 37

R5 Tanjung

Piandang 5 8 5 6 7 31

R8 Taiping 2 4 5 4 17 32

Total 8 18 20 20 34 100

Table 34: Passengers anticipation towards public bus condition by route

I want public bus service to provide well trained and efficient bus

driver

Total


Route

R3 Kuala Kurau 9 8 8 8 3 37

R5 Tanjung

Piandang 11 14 1 2 3 31

R8 Taiping 11 5 6 6 5 32

Total 31 27 15 16 11 100

Table 35: Passengers anticipation towards public bus driver skills and attitude by route

FACILTIES AND STATIONS: MEDIUM

BUS ID Number of Buses Average Headway LOS

Route 3 1 <10 A

Route 5 1 <10 A

Route 8 1 15-20 C

Table 43: Fixed-route Service Frequency LOS

BUS ID Scheduled first trip Scheduled last trip Hour of Service LOS

Route 3 6.10 am 7.30 pm 12 hours D

Route 5 6.10 am 7.30 pm 12 hours D

Route 8 6.00 am 8.30 pm 14 hours C

Table 44: Fixed-route Hour of Service LOS

BUS ID Average speed

(km/h)

Maximum speed

(km/h)

% of Speed LOS

Route 3 46.1 73.6 62.64 D

Route 5 26.7 64.8 41.20 E

Route 8 35.6 77.8 46.14 E

Table 45: LOS Scheme for transit speed

BUS ID Passengers per

seat Comments LOS

Route 3 0.00-0.50

No passenger need to sit next to

another A

Route 5 0.00-0.50


another A

Route 8 0.76-1.00 All passengers can sit C

Table 46: Bus Passengers Loading LOS Thresholds (Off-peak)

BUS ID Passengers per

seat Comments LOS

Route 3

31-60 Service availaible during the hour E Route 5

Route 8

Table 47: Bus Service Frequency LOS Thresholds (Off-peak)

Improvement areas: (based on the passengers anticipation)

• trip frequency, • routes performances • fleet number and quality • bus punctuality Hence needing upgrades of bus service to meet generation gaps expectation.

i. Route 3 from station to Kuala Kurau respondents needed more frequent bus trip with at least 30 minutes interval for waiting time where 13 of respondents chose for 30 minutes interval, 4 respondents chose 20 minutes interval and 19 respondents chose 15 minutes interval

ii. Route 3, Route 5 and Route 8 respondents agreed to pay more expensive ticket if the bus service provides more comfortable bus condition with air conditional system.


(TAXI)

No Operator No. of registered taxi

1 Koperasi Pengangkutan Awam Kerian Berhad 53

2 Koperasi Perdagangan dan Perindustrian Daerak Kerian 33

Table 48: Taxi association and car rental services at Kerian

Table 49: Bagan Serai Taxi Route

Matang Gerdu RM16.00 Bukit Merah Lake Town Resort RM40.00

SM Teknik Kerian RM16.00 Lembah Beriah RM45.00

Taman Jaya Serai Jaya RM16.00 Masjid Tinggi RM18.00

Alor Pongsu RM18.00 Pekan Bukit Merah RM40.00

Cangkat Lobak / Kubu Gajah RM35.00 Simpang Empat/ G. Semanggol RM22.00

Simpang Lima RM6.00 Sg. Bogak RM10.00

Sg. Rawa RM8.00

Table 50: Serdang Taxi Route

Bagan Samak RM8.00 Sg. Kechil Hulu RM10.00

Parit Nibong RM10.00 Bagan Samak Kem RM14.00

Permatang Kerat Telunjok RM12.00 Pekan Lunas RM50.00

Lubok Buntar RM16.00 Padang Serai RM55.00

Telok Sera RM18.00 Selama RM40.00

Buntar Estate RM18.00 Pekan Ijok RM60.00

Pekan Serdang RM25.00 Sg. Bayu RM55.00

Pekan Kulim RM40.00

FARE : RM 8.00 – RM60.00

Kg Kedah RM6.00 Parit Kasa RM18.00

Titi Serong RM7.00 Sg. Bakau RM10.00

Tebok Hj. Musa RM8.00 Jln Baru Sg Bakau RM15.00

Sg. Setar Jln Sempadan RM8.00 Jln Terusan RM8.00

Kedai Empat RM10.00 Pekan Tg. Piandang RM12.00

Sg. Kota RM12.00 Tmn Tg. Piandang RM18.00

Pekan Bagan Tiang RM14.00 Kg. Nelayan RM16.00

Kuala Bagan Tiang RM12.00 Sg. Baru RM16.00

Table 51: Tanjung Piandang Taxi Route

Spg Lima / Tanah Kebun RM6.00 / RM 8.00 Kuala Kurau (Bawah) RM14.00

Batu Lima RM8.00 Kg Nelayan RM18.00

Kedai 2 / Tmn Seri Kurau RM16.00 Batu 14 RM16.00

Pekan Kuala Kurau RM12.00 Pekan Gula RM30.00

Tmn Kuala Kurau RM14.00

Table 52: Kuala Kurau Taxi Route

Kg Lorong Tikus RM 8.00 Sg Buaya Luar RM10.00

Permatang Pasir RM8.00 Kg Besar RM14.00

Kg Telok RM10.00 Pekan 300 Kaki RM14.00

Sg Kechil Kg Nenas RM10.00 Tmn Rekreasi Air Puteh RM20.00

Pusat Latihan Perda RM12.00 Kg Keda 300 RM16.00

Table 53: Sg. Kechil Ilir Taxi Route

FARE: RM8.00-RM18.00

Spg. 3 Permatang Keling RM8.00 SM Teknik N. Tebal RM12.00

Tmn Seri Acheh RM8.00 ILP N. Tebal RM12.00

Sg. Setar Besar RM10.00 Taman Jawi / Jawi Jaya RM16.00

Sg. Setar Kecil RM12.00 Sg. Bakap RM14.00

Pekan Sg Acheh RM12.00 Veldor RM18.00

Sg. Chenaam RM15.00 Tmn Merak RM25.00

Sg. Udang RM15.00 Spg 4 Tasek RM25.00

Pekan Nibong Tebal RM10.00 Puteri Gunong RM30.00

Sg Daun/Kala Dunia RM15.00 Lima Kongsi RM25.00

Kg Changkat / Bagan Buaya RM15.00 Paya Kemian RM15.00

Behram RM20.00 Relaw RM25.00

Tmn Bukit Panchor RM12.00

Table 54: Nibong Tebal Taxi Route

Permatang Tinggi RM30.00 Gurun RM125.00

Bukit Mertajam RM45.00 Alor Setar RM140.00

Juru RM40.00 Kangar RM220.00

Bukit Tengah RM45.00 Kuala Perlis RM220.00

Prai Industri RM50.00 Bukit Kayu Hitam / UUM RM200.00

Jetty/Butterworth RM50.00 Padang Besar RM250.00

Bandaraya Pulau Pinang RM100.00 Kuala Kedah RM100.00

Airport Pulau Pinang RM100.00 Baling RM100.00

Sg. Petani RM100.00 Kroh RM120.00

Table 55: Butterworth / Northern Route

FARE: RM8.00 – RM250.00

USM Trans Kerian RM8.00 Tmn Kaw. Parit Buntar RM6.00

MRSM Trans Kerian RM10.00 Hospital / Jab. Kawasan

Parit Buntar

RM6.00

Taman Pekaka RM8.00 Taman Ilmu RM10.00

Kg Trans Kerian RM8.00 Tmn Tempua, Kit Seong RM8.00

Taman Sempadan RM8.00 Rantau Damai dan Semua

Tmn Kawasan SPS

RM8.00

SMA Nibong Tebal RM8.00

Table 56: Residential Scheme / Institution / Parit Buntar District Department Taxi Route

Pekan Selinsing RM30.00 Kampar RM180.00

Pekan Kemunting RM45.00 Tapah RM200.00

Pekan Lama Taiping RM50.00 Bagan Datok RM220.00

Padang Rengas RM65.00 Teluk Intan RM200.00

Kuala Kangsar RM80.00 Kuala Lumpur RM400.00

Sg Siput RM120.00 KLIA RM450.00

Bandaraya Ipoh RM160.00 Cameron Highland RM240.00

Pantai Remis RM100.00 Johor Bharu RM800.00

Lumut RM160.00 Kuantan RM600.00

Batu Gajah RM160.00 Kota Bharu RM500.00

Kuala Terengganu RM600.00

Table 57: Taiping / Southern / Eastern Taxi Route

Figure 20: Radius of Car Rental Rate from Parit Buntar Station

Figure 21:Radius of Car Rental Rate from Bagan Serai Station

Station Passengers per

seat Comments LOS

Taxi 1 0.00-0.50


another A

Taxi 2 0.00-0.50


another A

Table 58: Taxi Passengers Loading LOS Thresholds (Off-peak)

Station Passengers per

seat Comments LOS

Taxi 1 <10 Passengers do not need schedule A

Taxi 2

Table 59: Taxi Service Frequency LOS Thresholds (Off-peak)


(TRAIN)

Location Distance (km) Station Class

Kuala Lumpur – Bagan

Serai - Butterworth

280 Rawang – Kuala Kubu – Tanjung Malim – Slim

River – Tapah Road – Kampar – Batu Gajah –

Kerian – Tanjung Rambutan – Chemor – Kuala

Kangsar – Taiping – Bagan Serai – Parit Buntar –

Nibong Tebal – Bukit Mertajam

A – Senandung

Malam

Butterworth – Bagan

Serai – Kuala Lumpur

280 Rawang – Kuala Kubu – Tanjung Malim – Slim

River – Kampar – Batu Gajah – Kerian – Sg Siput

– Kuala Kangsar – Taiping – Bagan Serai – Parit

Buntar – Nibong Tebal – Bukit Mertajam

A – Sinaran

Utara

RAIL SERVICE (TRAIN)

Train No.

Station

Sinaran

Utara

Ekspress

Rakyat

Senandung

Langkawi

Senandung

Mutiara

Ekspress

Rakyat

Sinaran

Utara

Senandung

Langkawi

Senandung

Mutiara

10 2 20 22 1 11 21 23

Parit Buntar 15.06 20.34 04.07 05.31 08.49 14.54 22.48 23.58

Bagan Serai 14.47 03.49 15.23 23.03

Table 61: Train Schedule

Fare

Destination

Bagan Serai Parit Buntar

First Class Second Class Economy Class First Class Second Class Economy Class

Adult Child Adult Child Adult Child Adult Child Adult Child Adult Child

KL Sentral 51.00 26.00 23.00 12.00 13.00 7.00 54.00 27.00 24.00 12.00 14.00 7.00

Rawang 47.00 24.00 21.00 11.00 12.00 6.00 48.00 24.00 21.00 11.00 12.00 6.00

K.K. Bharu 42.00 21.00 19.00 10.00 11.00 6.00 44.00 22.00 19.00 10.00 11.00 6.00

Tg. Malim 39.00 20.00 17.00 9.00 10.00 5.00 41.00 21.00 18.00 9.00 10.00 5.00

Slim River 36.00 18.00 16.00 8.00 9.00 5.00 38.00 19.00 17.00 9.00 10.00 5.00

Sungkai 32.00 16.00 14.00 7.00 8.00 4.00 33.00 17.00 15.00 8.00 9.00 5.00

Tapah Road 28.00 14.00 13.00 7.00 7.00 4.00 30.00 15.00 13.00 7.00 8.00 4.00

Kampar 26.00 13.00 12.00 6.00 7.00 4.00 27.00 14.00 12.00 6.00 7.00 4.00

Batu Gajah 22.00 11.00 10.00 5.00 6.00 3.00 24.00 12.00 11.00 6.00 6.00 3.00

Ipoh 20.00 10.00 9.00 5.00 5.00 3.00 22.00 11.00 10.00 5.00 6.00 3.00

Tg. Rambutan 18.00 9.00 8.00 4.00 5.00 3.00 20.00 10.00 9.00 5.00 5.00 3.00

Kuala Kangsar 12.00 6.00 5.00 3.00 3.00 2.00 14.00 7.00 6.00 3.00 4.00 2.00

Taiping 7.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 2.00 1.00 9.00 5.00 4.00 2.00 3.00 2.00

Bagan Serai 3.00 2.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00

Parit Buntar 3.00 2.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00

Nibong Tebal 3.00 2.00 2.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00

Bkt Mertajam 7.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 2.00 1.00 5.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 2.00 1.00

Butterworth 8.00 4.00 4.00 2.00 2.00 1.00 6.00 3.00 3.00 1.00 2.00 1.00

Table 62: Train Fare

FARE: RM1.00 – RM51.00

RECOMMENDATIONS TO THE

STATE OF PERAK

Subject Long Term Planning Short Term Planning

Public transport

policy

For a long term planning of public transport system in Kerian, an integrated public transport service networks is a viable option that can ensure sustainable, equitable and effective mobility in livable town center and surrounded neighbourhood area. This planning outline the strategies and implementation in needs of: Integration of various mode of public transport Remove Barriers to Transit Use Provide Efficient and Effective Transit Service Ensure Adequate Funding

Coordination of Services: Coordination of services and joint investment between transit providers and

local authorities in the service system and subsystem will ensure the effective and efficient of public

transport service.

Public Transport Intelligent Transport Systems – including Global Positioning System (GPS) tracking of all public transport vehicles - linked in real time to a central Control Centre.

Information displays at bus, taxi and rail stations in real time will reduce “waiting stress” impacts on users.

Local authorities are to ensure the relevant standards for waiting areas, symbols, signs, lighting, furniture and fittings and information.

Public transport

subsystem

• Local authorities to outline a standard guidelines for: i. Design ii. Layout iii. Seating facilities iv. Waiting area v. Information board vi. Ticket counter

at bus, taxi and railway stations.

• The vision for public transport facilities is to ensure the provision of: i. Enclosed stops with good shelter ii. Dedicated lanes for bus and taxi iii. Lighting iv. Information kiosks v. Signage vi. Depots

• Multi-modal terminals as service nodes • Integrate taxi stand with the bus station in one building

Frequent and rapid service between major origins and destinations

Ample capacity for passenger demand along corridors

Provide bus stops with relevant standards for access paths, maneuvering areas, passing areas, ramps, waiting areas, boarding, allocated space, surfaces, handrails and grab rails, stairs, symbols, signs, tactile ground surface indicators

Improvement of current bus station with installation of electronic route schedule board

Provide comfort waiting area Provide signage to the railway station along the

main road and town center.

LONG-TERM AND SHORT-TERM

Planning and Development Based on the analysis and findings of the study conducted for Kerian public transportation system, international best practices in public transport should be adopted in the operation to: improve the cost effectiveness of local public transport identify long-term requirements for future capital investment plan a comprehensive transportation network across the district and the state. identify new technology in the public transport system


Public

transport

operation

Bus

In long term planning of vitality and sustaining bus service, consideration on element of: Choice of bus service offered by optional operators Availability of bus service hours Affordability of bus fare Design considerations for all types of users Vehicles are very crucial and factors that contributes towards the effectiveness and efficiency of overall service delivery system.

Community Design: Transit investment must include improvements in

community design to increase ease of access to all transportation

alternatives services. This plan also focuses on the strategies of designing

the route expansion and diversification by the local authorities and

operators.

System Design: Traditional public transportation systems must continue to be enhanced and designed to make everyday services more easily available. Web-based trip-planning systems that link route, schedule, and fare information for multiple transit systems for intra and inter-city bus services will enhance the potential of tourism activities in Kerian as well as increase the economic growth. Advanced Technologies: state-of-the-art information systems to improve information about alternative services and take the anxiety and uncertainty out of trip planning and transit use. State-of-the-art electronic fare systems and multi-trip ticketing, such as stored value smart cards, that ease and speed the boarding process, taking the guesswork out of paying fares and ultimately allowing riders to use a single electronic ticket on a variety of regional transportation services; and;

Rolling stock diversification: Competitive bus operator to offer more bus

frequency and options to the bus user. Variety types of buses also will

enhance the level of service of Kerian public transportation system.

• Improve schedule reliability and provide real-time arrival/departure, scheduled information using electronic board. • Add customer service features such as calling out stops, reserving more seats for older persons, providing friendlier and more detailed travel information, providing more telephone lines for information, and making systems more responsive to complaints for inter-city bus service. • Improve bus vehicles condition with comfort seat, air conditional system, safety door and ergonomic stop button design. • The route diversification will offer more comprehensive and excellent public transport system that caters all level of public transport user. Therefore, it is strongly recommended that, the route of bus service in Kerian being diversified according to route: • To city/centroid with 30minutes/interval • Suburb to suburb/orbital with 1 hour/interval • Special/disabled/center to suburb or suburb to center with 2 hour/interval/on demand • Reward card for loyal customer


Planning and Development


Public

transport

operation

Taxi Subsidies scheme for elderly and disabled citizen Reward card for loyal customer Diversify the types of vehicles to offer more comfortability to the

passengers for long distance trip

Providing friendlier and more detailed

travel information, providing more telephone lines for information, and making systems more responsive to complaints.

metered taxis to be imposed and contracted to provide an additional low volume public transport service for choice users, as well as an alternative o single occupant car use and a service for off-peak periods

Provide guaranteed-ride-home services. Local authorities to outline the relevant

standards for waiting areas, symbols, signs, lighting, furniture and fittings. Service providers are to comply with the provision of information.

Train Provide a commuter service for short distance destinations

Integrate with bus operator to provide feeder bus service

Local authorities to outline the relevant standards for waiting areas, symbols, signs, lighting, furniture and fittings. Service providers are to comply with the provision of information.


Planning and Development

Figure 23: Propose Feeder Bus Route from Bus Station to Railway Station

Bagan Serai

Parit Buntar

Tanjung Piandang

Kuala Kurau

- potential to improve public transport at an affordable cost

- NEW ROUTES

- LONGER OPERATIONAL TIME

- FREQUENCY, ADHERENCE TO SCHEDULE

- WAITING FACILITIES AND INTEGRATION

- FLEET OVERHAUL, ADDITIONAL/NEW

CONCLUSION

THANK YOU

Documents

ANALYZING THE NEED FOR PUBLIC TRANSPORT - idrperak.comidrperak.com/idr/images/kerian.pdf · ANALYZING THE NEED FOR PUBLIC TRANSPORT A Case Study Of Kerian District, Perak. Contribution