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ANALYZING EXPERIMENTAL DATA
for Engineering and Built Environment
Ir. Dr Naser Ghani [email protected] www.hbp.usm.my/naser
2
Experiment
observation surveys
Four ways to collect data
Computer simulation
DATA
DATA ANALYSIS
Analysis should be driven by a sense of curiosity about the data. Relate it directly to the objectives. Some objectives may need to be dropped, and new objectives could be formed.
DATA ANALYSIS
Parametric Examination and description of relationship between different parameters/variables – e.g. strength/density, quantity/cost etc
Regression Estimating relationship among variables i.e. R2, Forecasting, prediction – i.e. regression line or formula.
Statistical
DATA TABLES AND GRAPHS
Layout of data table is based on the variables for the experiment/study. First column – independent variable/s Remaining columns – observed values
DATA TABLES
Gdbugdbak content (%)
Concrete Compression Strength (KPa)
Mix 1 Mix 2 Mix 3 Average 5 10 15 20 25 30
The Effect of Gdbukgdbak on Concrete Compression Strength
GRAPHS, CHARTS and GRAPHICS
GRAPHS, CHARTS and GRAPHICS
Easier to see trends and patterns Bring out the significance of data in visual format
•Qualitative caption •Quantitative data in charts and graphs •Graphical forms •Summary in Mathematical equation
GRAPHS, CHARTS and GRAPHICS
Independent Variable
Dependent Variable
Type of Graph
Scale with Intervals Eg. Strength, Height, Pressure, Weight, Volume, Intensity etc
Quantitative
Line
Qualitative
Frequency distribution
Discrete categories Eg. Day of week, gender, color, brand, location
Quantitative
Bar graph
Qualitative
Frequency distribution
DATA TABLES AND GRAPHS
GRAPHS, CHARTS and GRAPHICS
ANALATYCAL PRESENTATION
MATHEMATICAL RELATIONSHIP
SUMMARY OF DATA
CONCLUSION FROM ANALYSIS
• What was the purpose of the experiment? • What were the major findings? • Did this answer your questions? • How do your findings compare with other people's
experiments or with the information in your textbook? • What explanation can you think of for the findings? • How could this experiment be improved or extended?
References
M.A. JORDAN, N.POWELL, C.V. PHILLIPS and C.K.CHIN (1997). EXPERIMENTAL DATA ANALYSIS: A GUIDE TO THE SELECTION OF SIMPLE STATISTICAL TESTS Minerals Engineering, Vol. 10, No. 3, pp. 275-286, 199 …… (2000). Students and research: Practical strategies for science classrooms and competitions. Cothron, J. H., Giese, R. N., & Rezba, R. J. (3rd Ed.). (2000). Dubuque, IA: Kendall/Hunt Publishing Company. C.A. Peters (2011). Statistics for Analysis of Experimental Data. Published as a chapter in the Environmental Engineering Processes Laboratory Manual S. E. Powers, Ed. AEESP, Champaign, IL 2001 Srinagesh,K. (2009). Principles of Experimental Research. Butterworth-Heinemann.