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Analyzing Big Data in International Student Mobility
Christine Farrugia, Ph.D. Deputy Head of Research Institute of International Education
UMAP International Forum | August 18, 2017 | Toyo University, Tokyo
The Picture of Global Mobility
Growth in globally mobile students, 2001-2016
International Student Growth
Source: Project Atlas®, 2016
International Students as a Percentage of Total Higher Education Enrollment
Source: Project Atlas®, 2016
How do we know what we know?
Project Atlas Measuring Global Student Mobility
8
9
International
Student Census Study Abroad
Survey
International Scholar Survey
Intensive English Program Survey
Open Doors® is produced by the Institute of International Education with the
support of the U.S. Department of State’s Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs.
10
Harmonizing indicators
All mobility types
Most current time
reference
Private institutions
Research & capacity-building
Disseminating data online
Value-add to the Field
What we know and what we don’t know
Defining International Students
Duration
Location of prior study
Form of academic program
Citizenship or
residency
Mobility Categories
13
Short-term exchange
Language training
Internship Research
Degree programs
Higher Education
Vocational training
High school
Scholars
0
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
14,000
Mexico U.S.
Mexico Students & Scholars in the U.S., 2004/05-2014/15
0
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
30,000
2004/05 2005/06 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 2010/11 2011/12 2012/13 2013/14 2014/15
Students in U.S. Higher Education Intensive English Students Scholars in Higher Education
Secondary Students Exchange Visitors Outside of Higher Education Vocational/Technical Students
WHAT IS NCEA?
abroad that does not
educational activity
“Any type of
result in academic credit,
but is driven by
learning goals.”
Non-Credit Education Abroad (NCEA)
WHAT IS NCEA?
Research or Field Work
Internship or Work Abroad
Other
Language Study
Travel Seminar or Study Tour
Volunteering or Service Learning
Icons made by David Gandy, Freepik, & Madebyoliver from www.flaticon.com
NON- CREDIT WIVA
2014/15 | Open Doors®
326 Institutions
309 Institutions
213 Institutions
22,431
0
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
2010/11 2011/12 2012/13 2013/14 2014/15
116 Institutions
373 Institutions
Non-Credit Work, Internships, & Volunteering
How international mobility data are used
Who Uses Project Atlas and Open Doors?
20
Open Doors
~
Project Atlas
Governments (US, Foreign,
State, & Local)
Higher Education
Institutions
Higher Education
Associations
IIE Researchers
Students
Business Community
How Governments Use Mobility Data
Diplomatic initiatives (e.g., EducationUSA advising centers - U.S.) Global Benchmarking Assessing impact of international students in local communities Serving development goals of sending countries
How Higher Education Uses Mobility Data
• Benchmarking internationalization efforts
• Strategic planning for internationalization
• Recruitment and enrollment management
• Advocating for internationalization on campus and in the community
How Researchers Use Mobility Data
Policy Research
• Economic impact (IIE, NAFSA & Indiana University)
• www.nafsa.org/economicvalue
• Mapping the Nation (Asia Society)
• Mappingthenation.net
• Humanities Indicators (American Academy of Arts and Sciences)
• www.humanitiesindicators.org
Academic Research
• Determinants of international student flows to the U.S.
• International students and domestic diversity in U.S. higher education
• International student flows into elite and non-elite U.S. higher education
• The effects of system-level characteristics on the internationalization of U.S. higher education
Data and the Future of International Mobility
Government scholarships
Bilateral & multilateral
initiatives
Youth mobility
Work skills & employment
The race is on to attract international students
Australia Double in-bound students from 590,000 (2014) to around 1 million in all sectors Canada
Attract more than 450,000 students
China Attract 500,000 – 150,000 full-degree higher education students
Egypt Quadruple international student enrollment from 53,000 to 200,000
India Boost higher education seats by 14 million to reach 40 million in order to have more placements for international students
Germany Attract more than 350,000 students
Japan Attract 300,000 students
Turkey Attract 150,000 students each year
Malaysia Attract 200,000 students
By 2020… By 2019… By 2025…
Bilateral and multilateral government initiatives
International Secondary Students in Anglophone Countries
27 www.iie.org/mobility
United States, 73,019
81,981
United Kingdom, 25,912 27,633
Canada, 40,706 44,510
Australia, 16,623 22,265
2013 2016
Optional Practical Training (OPT) is growing in the U.S.
0
20,000
40,000
60,000
80,000
100,000
120,000
140,0000
6/0
7
07
/08
08
/09
09
/10
10
/11
11
/12
12
/13
13
/14
14
/15
0
100,000
200,000
300,000
400,000
500,000
600,000
700,000
800,000
900,000
1,000,000
Enrolled OPT14%
29
www.iie.org
