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Analytical Reports. Analysis and Illustrating Report Data. Analysis: Results/Findings. Report the results of each data collection method (don’t forget your client interview) You’re looking for Meanings Relationships Answers!. Analysis: Results/Findings. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Analytical Analytical ReportsReports
Analysis and Illustrating Report Data
Analysis: Analysis: Results/FindingsResults/Findings
• Report the results of each data collection method (don’t forget your client interview)
You’re looking for
• Meanings
• Relationships
• Answers!
Analysis: Analysis: Results/FindingsResults/Findings
– Don’t just regurgitate data, make connections
• To the challenge
• Between data sources (do they correlate? conflict? reinforce each other?)
Analysis: Analysis: Results/FindingsResults/Findings
• To clarify, condense, simplify, or emphasize data use:
– Headings
– Enumerations
– Lists
– Tables
– Graphics
• When you use graphics, remember to also explain them
in words.
Analysis: EvaluationAnalysis: Evaluation
When applicable:
– Establish criteria to evaluate alternatives.
– Discuss the pros and cons of each alternative.
– Place the recommended alternative last.
Illustrating Report DataIllustrating Report Data
DiscussionDiscussion
• Bad graphs: Don McMillan
• Functions of graphics• To clarify data• To condense and simplify data• To emphasize data
Illustrating Report DataIllustrating Report Data
• Forms and objectives of graphics– Table - to show exact figures and values
Class Agree Disagree Undecided
Seniors 738 123 54
Juniors 345 34 76
Sophomores 123 234 78
Freshmen 45 567 123
Illustrating Report DataIllustrating Report Data
• Forms and objectives of graphics– Bar chart - compare one item with others
Illustrating Report DataIllustrating Report Data
Enrollees by Quarter
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
1st Qtr 2nd Qtr 3rd Qtr 4th Qtr
Num
ber
of
Enro
llees
• Forms and objectives of graphics• Line chart - demonstrate changes in
quantitative data over time
Illustrating Report DataIllustrating Report Data
Profit 1998- 2001
0
20
40
60
80
100
1998 1999 2000 2001
Profi
t ($
M)
Net ($M)
Gross ($M)
• Forms and objectives of graphics• Pie chart - visualize a whole unit and the
proportion of its components
Illustrating Report DataIllustrating Report Data
Question 2: Service is friendly
Strongly Agree18%
Agree13%
No Opinion
3%
Strongly Disagree
38%
Disagree28%
• Forms and objectives of graphics– Flow chart - display a process or procedure
Illustrating Report DataIllustrating Report Data
Receive Test
Floor
Shelves Ship
Re-box Re-stock
Repair
• Forms and objectives of graphics– Organization chart - define a hierarchy
Illustrating Report DataIllustrating Report Data
Clarice Brow nMan ag er
W illiam DixonVice P resid en t
Sales
John DeleuzeMan ag er
Joan W illiam sVice P resid en t
Desig n
George LaPorteF orem an
W ayne LuVice P resid en t
P rod u ction
Charles EubankPresid en t
Illustrating Report DataIllustrating Report Data
• Forms and objectives of graphics– Theoretical model – highlight variables and their
relationships
U niversity Tenure(length o f exposure to curricu lum)
E th ics Across the C urricu lum
EDU CA T ION
G rade Po in t Average(G PA)
G ender
INDIV IDU AL CHA RA CT ER IST ICS
COGNIT IV E MORAL DEV ELOP MENT
Figure 1 Factors Influencing Cognitive Moral Development in Undergraduate Business Students
• Forms and objectives of graphics• Photograph, map, illustration - create
authenticity, spotlight a location, show use
Illustrating Report DataIllustrating Report Data
Pie ChartPie ChartFigure 1
Revenues by Location
North11%
South17%
East29%
West43%
N= 100
• Use pie charts to show a whole and the proportion of its components.
• Generally begin at the 12 o’clock position, drawing the largest wedge first. Computer software programs, however, may vary in placement of wedges.
• Include the label and percentage or absolute value for each wedge. Avoid legends.
Pie ChartPie Chart
• Use four to eight segments for best results; if necessary, group small portions into one wedge called “Other.”
• Distinguish wedges with color, shading, or crosshatching.
• Keep all labels horizontal.
Pie ChartPie Chart
Vertical Bar ChartVertical Bar Chart
40
30
20
10
0
Scalevalue
Scale captions
Source note
Mill
ions
of
D
olla
rs
Source: Industry Profiles (New York: DataPro, 2002), 225.
ThemeParks
MotionPictures
Videos
$22.0
$32.2
$24.3
Figure 2 Figure number
2001 MPM INCOME BY DIVISION Figure title
Bar ChartsBar Charts• Bar charts make visual comparisons.
They can compare related items, illustrate changes in data over time, and show segments as parts of wholes.
• Bar charts may be vertical, horizontal, grouped, or segmented.
• Avoid showing too much information, clutter, and confusion
• Avoid 3-D graphics (hard to read)
Bar ChartsBar Charts• The length of each bar and segment
should be proportional.• Dollar or percentage amounts should
start at zero.• Set background to clear.• Include figure#, chart, and axis titles• Avoid legends where possible to
include labels on the graph• Use simple color or pattern
differentiations that can be copied in black & white and still understood.
Stacked Bar Stacked Bar with Group Comparisonswith Group ComparisonsFigure 2Cognitive Moral Development Stage By Group
29.83% 26.53% 22.59%
38.03%34.01% 38.14%
32.14%39.46% 39.27%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Target BusinessStudents
Target Non-BusinessStudents
Comparison BusinessStudents
Pe
rce
nt Post-Conventional
Conventional
Pre-Conventional
Stacked Bar with Stacked Bar with Group and Time Group and Time
ComparisonsComparisons
EndEnd