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iv
Analysis of Power Struggle used by President Barack
Obama on Barack Obama’s Interviews
(A Critical Discourse Analysis Approach)
THESIS
Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment for Requirements
For The Sarjana Sastra Degree in English Department
Faculty of Cultural Science
Sebelas Maret University
By
Janati Mila Markhamah
C0311024
FACULTY OF CULTURAL SCIENCES
SEBELAS MARET UNIVERSITY
SURAKARTA
2015
v
vi
vii
PRONOUNCEMENT
The researcher honestly declares that the thesis Analysis of Power Struggle used by
President Barack Obama on Barack Obama’s Interviews (A Critical Discourse Analysis
Approach) is not a plagiarism. The thesis is originally written by the researcher. All of
the information which relates to the other people’s works are written in quotation and
stated in the bibliography.
If the pronouncement is proven to be incorrect, the researcher will be ready to accept
any academic consequence and penalty, including the cancellation of the thesis and
academic degree obtained from completing the thesis and study.
Surakarta, July 2015
Janati Mila Markhamah
viii
MOTTOS
“Family is the best motivator in my life”
-Janati Mila
“Work and pray”
-My beloved father and mother
“There is a way”
-Ryan Erwanda
“Work hard and make it real!!”
-Mario Teguh
ix
DEDICATION
I sincerely present this thesis for
My beloved father and mother, who always support my whole day, give loves
and pray for never ending. I love you so bad!
My sister, Mira, Zahra and Zula thanks for always cherish my whole day, I
love being your sister. I love you so bad!
My lovely man, Ryan Erwanda, who always gives me support, correction for
my grammar, everything I cannot mention, and always by my side through my
ups and downs. I love you!
My second family mama Yeti and my bro, who always give me
accommodation with Wi-Fi and everything I cannot list. I love you!
My ladies friends; Rindu, Rendot, Yaro, Yayak, Festa, Haniek, Ipeh, Linda
Thanks for cherishing my day, support, togetherness. I love you lays!
Way To Go. Thanks sister and brother. Rendot, Yaro, Yayak, Festa, Ryan,
Erwin, Julio, Lukas, Dhika, Hafid. Thanks for being my adventure friend. I
love you gals!
Members of English Department 2011, thanks for being my family
education. I love you gals!
x
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Alhamdulillahirobil’alamin, I would like to express gratitude to Allah S.W.T for
the blessing andthe guidance so that this thesis entitled Analysis of Power Struggle used
by President Barack Obama on Barack Obama’s Interviews (A Critical Discourse
Analysis Approach) could finally be finished.
Honestly, I realize that I cannot complete my internship report by myself. I had
been completely supported by many people. Thus, I would like to give my deepest
gratitude to those who helped me in completing my thesis.
1. Prof. Drs. Riyadi Santosa, M.Ed, Ph.D as the Dean of Faculty of Cultural
Science for giving the approval for this thesis.
2. Drs. Agus Hari Wibowo, M.A., Ph.D. as the Head of English Department for
supporting the finishing of this thesis.
3. Dr. Tri Wiratno, M.A. as my thesis consultant for guiding me accomplishing
this thesis. Thank you for the patience and suggestion to assist me in
finishing this thesis.
4. Dra. Diah Kristina, M.A., Ph.D. as my academic supervisor for the assistance
during my study. Thank you for the guidance and support during my study in
Sebelas Maret University.
5. All the lectures English Department, who had taught me, thank you for
giving guidance during my study.
xi
6. The best motivators. My beloved father and mother. Thank you so much for
never ending love, faith, support and pray. I love you.
7. My lovely sister, cousin and niece; Mira, Zahra, Zula, Anas, Rohma, Ais,
Zaid and Ziad. Thank you for caring and cheering my whole day.
8. My lovely one. Ryan Erwanda. I love you. Thank you for caring, support,
and always by my side through my ups and downs.
9. My second family. Mama Yeti, and my bro. I love you Thank you for caring
and support me all the time.
10. My ladies and adventures friend; Rini, Reni, Yulia, Zahra, Festa, Julio,
Lukas, Erwin, Dhika, Hafid. you are all the best gals. Thank you for being
my precious part of my life.
11. Members of English Department 2011. Keep Spirit. Thank you for being part
of my life.
I realize that this research is not perfect. Therefore, I accept some advice and
criticism in order to make it better. Finally, I wish this research paper would be useful
for all readers.
Surakarta, July 2015
The researcher
xii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE ……………………………………………………………………………… i
APPROVAL OF THE CONSULTANT …...…………………………………….. ii
APPROVAL OF THE BOARD OF EXAMINERS ……………………………... iii
PRONOUNCEMENT ……..……….….…………………………………………... iv
MOTTO …………………………………………………………………………….. v
DEDICATION ……………………………………………………………………… vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT …………………………………………………………. vii
TABLE OF CONTENTS …………….….…………………………………………. ix
LIST OF FIGURES …………………………………….…………………………... xii
LIST OF TABLES ………………………………………………………………… xiii
ABSTRACT ……………………………………………………………………….... xiv
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION
A. Research Background ……………………...……………………………… 1
B. Problem Statement ……….…………………………………………….. 4
C. Research Objectives ……………………………………………………… 4
D. Research Benefits ……………………………………………………… 5
E. Research Limitation ……………………………………………………… 5
F. Thesis Organization ……………………………………………………… 5
xiii
CHAPTER II: LITERATURE REVIEW
A. Critical Discourse Analysis …………………………………………………… 7
1. Power Struggle ……..……………………………………………………. 10
2. Power in Discourse ………………………………………………………. 11
3. Power behind Discourse ………………………………………………….. 12
4. Three Stages of Critical Discourse Analysis ……………………………. 14
5. Linguistic Evidence ………………………………………………………. 24
B. Interview …………………………………………………………………….. 26
C. International Political theory ………………………………………………… 27
D. Review of Related Studies ………………………………………………… 28
CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
A. Research Design ….…………………………………………………….. 30
B. Research Location ……….….…………………...……………………….. 32
C. Source Data and Data …………………………………………................ 33
D. Sampling ………………………………………….............................. 34
E. Technique of Collecting Data ……………………………………………. 35
F. Technique of Analyzing Data ……………………………………………. 35
CHAPTER IV: ANALYSIS
A. Introduction ……..………………………………………………………....... 37
B. Data Analysis ..…………………………………………………………....... 38
C. Discussion ……….………………………………………………………...... 100
xiv
CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
A. Conclusion .……………………….……………………………………….. 108
B. Recommendation ………………………………………………………...... 111
BIBLIOGRAPHY
LETTER OF NOTIFICATION
APPENDICES
xv
LIST OF FIGURES
Figures 2.1 The description framework ………………………………………… 17
Figures 2.2 Interpretation …………………………………………………………... 19
Figures 2.3 Situational context and discourse type ………………………………... 22
Figures 2.4 Explanation …………………………………………………………... 23
xvi
LIST OF TABLES
Figures 1.1 Social orders and orders of discourse ……………………...…………... 9
Figures 1.2 Constraints on discourse and structural effects ……….………………. 12
Figures 1.3 Formal features: Experiential, Relational and Expressive values …….. 18
xvii
ABSTRACT
Janati Mila Markhamah. 2015. Analysis of Power Struggle used by President
Barack Obama on Barack Obama’s Interviews (A Critical Discourse Analysis
Approach). Thesis: English Department of Faculty of Cultural Science. Sebelas
Maret University.
This research was conducted to analyze the power struggle of Obama through
Obama’s interviews by different countries. The interviews are from the videos
entitled,(1) “Barack Obama’s CNN interview-His Diminished Expectation”, (2)“Barack
Obama’s TV-Interview US-President Obama with German Television”, and (3) from
Russian Television “Obama-High on drugs during interview on Sochi Olympic in
Russia with Bob Costas”. The aims of this research are: (1) to find out what the power
struggle and the most powerful power struggle uses by President Barack Obama., (2) to
reveal how President Barack Obama constructs his power verbally through interviews,
(3) to explore how President Barack Obama defend his ideology about same sex
marriage to the audience who opposed.
This is a descriptive qualitative research. It referred to the method of solving
problems by collecting, classifying and interpreting the data of the research. The
research is employed to obtain an extensive description from word, phrase, clause called
case study. The source of data is from the transcript of interview between President
Barack Obama as the interviewee and the interviewers. The data were analyzed one by
one to find out the power struggle does Obama used.
The results of this research are as follows. First, the relationship between
President and the interviewers is exactly influenced by the status of them. Second, the
indicators of power struggle are: (1) the appearance of President Barack Obama’s, (2)
imperative sentences, (3) President Barack Obama’s manner, (4) formality, and (5) the
evidences in which Obama and his people achieved.
This research is intended to help the students who are interested in analyzing
Barack Obama’s interview by using Critical Discourse Analysis as an approach.
Keyword: Critical Discourse Analysis, Power Struggle, Barack Obama’s
interview.