Analysis of Patent Referencing to IEEE Papers, Conferences, and ...€¦ · June 23, 2016 . Executive Summary . IEEE engaged 1790 Analytics in this project to assess the impact of

Analysis of Patent Referencing to IEEE Papers, Conferences, and Standards 1997-2015

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Executive Summary IEEE engaged 1790 Analytics in this project to assess the impact of IEEE publications on developments in various technologies. This impact is measured by examining the extent to which patented inventions build upon papers from IEEE journals, IEEE-sponsored conferences, and IEEE standards. This is an update of previous reports, and examines patents issued from January 1, 1997 through December 31, 2015. The main findings of this report are: • New technology continues to build upon science, and the dependence is increasing.

In this study, the top 40 firms (in 2015) were granted 81,226 patents, which made a total of 569,023 non-patent references (an average of 7.0 non-patent references per patent). Five years prior (2010) the same 40 firms had 62,262 patents which made a total of 291,537 non-patent references (an average of 4.7 non-patent references per patent) Thus, the number of patents is trending upward but the number of references from those patents is rising at a greater rate. Since a large number of these non-patent references are to scientific articles and conference papers, this suggests that today’s technology developments are increasingly linked to developments in published science.

• A large portion of this science base comes from papers presented at IEEE sponsored

conferences and published in IEEE journals. The top 40 patenting firms in 2015 have referenced over 1,419,000 articles in the last 19 years. About 29% (410,015) of those articles appeared in IEEE journals or IEEE sponsored conferences.

• In this study, we also went beyond the top 40 patenting companies and analyzed all

patents from the last 19 years in several technology categories of interest to IEEE members and customers. For example, approximately 33% of all scientific references from Computer Hardware patents go to IEEE publications. The second most referenced publisher is ACM (Association for Computer Machinery) with 16.5% of the referenced publications. In other Information Technology areas, such as Information Storage, Semiconductor Manufacturing, and Computer Software, the results are similar.

• In Telecommunications technology, IEEE is particularly important. The 406,000+

references to IEEE articles and conferences represents 44% of all science references from Telecommunications patents since 1997. To help put this in perspective consider: Telecommunications is a very technology driven industry and that technology is often built upon scientific discoveries published in journal and conference papers. If we consider this set of papers as the science base of telecommunications, than almost half of that science base is published in IEEE journals or presented at IEEE sponsored conferences. In addition, the 406,000+ references to IEEE dwarf the combined total of the next 30 publishing organizations in this technology.

• IEEE is referenced a surprising amount in areas which are not central to its mission.

− For example, almost 7% of the science references from patents in medical devices go to IEEE publications. This ranks IEEE fourth behind RELX and Wolters and Wiley (with 24%, 11%, and 9% respectively). The latter publishers have hundreds of journals in the medical area, whereas IEEE has only a few, so the 7% figure is quite solid for a non-core area.

− Optics is also somewhat surprising. IEEE publications receive the most

references from Optics patents, and IEEE is referenced significantly more than the two large Optics Societies that would be expected to lead the area: OSA – The Optical Society of America, and SPIE – The International Society of Optical Engineering.

− In Measuring, Testing, and Control, IEEE gets 19% of all references, which is

just ahead of the 15% of RELX while, again, RELX has many more journal titles in the space.

− In the Robotics and Intelligent Manufacturing category, 41% of the patent

references are to articles published in IEEE journals or in proceedings of IEEE sponsored conferences. Second place RELX receives less than one-fourth as many references in the category.

− Patents related to Power Systems and Transmission also reference IEEE

publications most frequently. The 28,000+ references to IEEE journal and proceedings papers are more than the next two top referenced publishers (RELX and Electrochemical Society) combined. We also examined a specialized subset of the Power Transmission category related to smart meters and smart grids. In this category, almost 63% of the scientific references from patents go to IEEE journal or conference papers. The second most referenced publisher is ACM with only 3.9% of all references.

− A few years back we started tracking some green energy categories: Solar and

Photovoltaic energy and Wind energy. In the latter category IEEE science has a big advantage over the other publishers with more than 40% of the references. In solar energy, RELX has a slight lead over IEEE. The RELX lead is not surprising since it has more than 50 journal titles related to the area including several high impact journals such as Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, Thin Solid Films, Solar Energy, Synthetic Metals, Journal of Crystal Growth, and Solar Cells.

− This year we added broadcasting patents to the study for the first time. In this

category IEEE leads with 35% of the references, followed by the Society of Motion Pictures and Television Engineers (SMPTE) with 7% of the references.

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• It has been shown that high-quality, high-impact, and valuable patents tend to be cited more frequently by later patents. Citation impact is thus often used as a quantitative measure for evaluating patents (see [3]). In this study, we found that the patents that reference IEEE papers are cited more often than patents that do not. This was shown to be true for each of the fourteen technology categories we examined. This suggests that, not only do IEEE publications frequently provide the science base for new inventions, but that inventions that build upon IEEE publications are more likely to be valuable in the future than inventions that do not build upon IEEE.

• Although this study concentrates on patents in specific technology areas, it should

be noted that the importance of scientific and technical literature to patented technology is increasing in all areas. Our research shows that the average US patent had only 2.76 non-patent references (NPRs) back in 1997. That number jumped to 10.79 by 2015 – a 291% increase. These numbers are for all issued US patents and not just those in the fourteen categories covered in this report.1 This means that in the overall patent system, patented technologies are increasingly referencing scientific articles.

• Since we only look at specific categories of technology plus the top 40 firms, there

is no way to know exactly how much referencing to IEEE has increased since 1997. However, we can make an estimate for the whole patent system by identifying any Non-Patent References that mention “IEEE” or “I.E.E.E.” (This will of course miss things like the Journal of Lightwave Technology or Spectrum which may not have IEEE in the reference, but it will be a reasonable estimate.) If we do a comparison as above we find that there were just 14,635 patent references with IEEE or I.E.E.E in 1997, but 143,218 in 2015 (an 879% increase). Thus science referencing and IEEE referencing have both increased greatly since 1997.

1 Including science intensive areas like Biotechnology, Pharmaceuticals, Chemicals, and other areas where IEEE typically has little influence.

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Table of Contents Section Page I. Introduction 2 II. Methodology 2 III. Results 5 IV. Conclusions 12 V. References 13 Appendix A A-1 Appendix B B-1 Appendix C C-1

I. Introduction In previous studies, it was found that patents reference papers from IEEE journals much more often than papers from other journal publishers. In this report, we update the previous results, and study US patents issued from January 1997 through December 2015. Although this report is an update of previous results, we have made our best efforts to make this report self-contained. The aim of this report, as in previous reports, is to analyze references from patents to journal articles, conferences and standards documents, in order to assess IEEE’s impact upon technological developments. This report covers 14 subcategories of Technology where IEEE members and readers are active. Many, but not all are related to Information Technology. The categories (including a new category related to Broadcasting), with patent counts are shown below in Table 1. Table 1: Number of Patents for Each Category Covered in this Study

Category # Patents 1997-2015Broadcasting 109697Computer Hardware 330161Computer Software 188090Diagnosis/Surgery/Medical Instruments 171983Information Storage 118952Measuring, Testing and Control Devices 178850Optics/Photography/Electrophotography 139494Power Systems 86821Robotics and Intelligent Manufacturing 26206Semiconductors/Solid-State Devices/Electronics 232653Smart Grid/Smart Meters/Energy Infrastructure 2961Solar/Photovoltaic 9100Telecom and Other Communications 467987Wind Energy 4426 II. Methodology This study is based on referencing patterns from patents to prior art documents. When an inventor files a patent for a new invention, he/she will typically reference earlier documents to show that the new invention either builds upon, or improves upon, what came earlier. The inventor’s patent attorney and/or the examiner may also add prior art references to either clarify or limit the claims of the new invention. As an example, Figure 1 shows the front page of a General Electric patent. The prior art references on this patent come in two forms - references to earlier patents, and “other references”. These other references are often to scientific publications, such as those produced by IEEE. In this report we are primarily concerned with these other references, which are also sometimes called “Non-Patent References”.

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It has been suggested that patents with many non-patent references are likely to contain new leading-edge ideas, whereas patents that only reference earlier patents are likely to be incremental improvements on earlier patented technologies. For a comprehensive study on various hypotheses surrounding the motivations of inventors in citing other references, see [1]. Patent Sets used in the Analysis This study is based on two patent sets. Our analysis is based on determining the number of references from these patent sets to publications from publishers such as IEEE, RELX (formerly Elsevier), the American Institute of Physics, and others. The first set contains patents from the top 40 patenting companies in 2015. Analysis of this patent set provides an insight into how the top tier companies rely upon science from IEEE and other publishers. The second set contains all patents in fifteen technology categories from all companies, universities, government agencies, and individuals. The fifteen technology categories examined are shown in Table 1 above. Analysis of this patent set reveals the wider influence of IEEE science in these technologies. Identifying Relevant Non-Patent References Non-patent references can be to any published document, from comic strips and brochures, to scientific articles and standards documents. The main difficulty in identifying relevant non-patent references for a study such as this is that inventors do not use a standard form for listing references. As an example, Table 2 contains eight different variants for the IEEE Global Telecom Conference. Note that some inventors just use the GLOBECOM shorthand, while others list the entire name. Sometimes IEEE is mentioned and sometimes it is not. When abbreviation variations are included such as Telecom, Tele, Tcom, Proc., Proceed., the number of variants increases further. The same issue exists for variants in journal names and standards documents. For example there are more than 30 variant spellings of the journal title Journal Of Thoracic And Cardiovascular Surgery including numerous mis-spellings of thoracic and every conceivable way of abbreviating cardiovascular.

Table 2 – Variants for IEEE Global Telecom Conference Proceedings of Globecom '96 IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference GLOBECOM '90:IEEE Proceedings of IEEE Globecom '94 Globecom '97 IEEE Globecom, Global Telecommunications Conference and Exhibiton Proc of the Global Tele Conf, U.S. New York, IEEE

Conference Identification – to identify conference proceedings among the non-patent references, we first identified references containing keywords such as meeting, symposia, conference, etc. We then used parsing software to identify 2-word and 3-word phrases that appear frequently in this set of papers. The full string was identified for these string sub-

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sequences in order to identify frequently cited conferences. In this way, we identified the top conferences referenced in the patent sets, and standardized the names of these conferences (i.e. all of the different variants of a conference were collected under a single name). As an example, all of the variants shown in Table 2 are assigned to the name ‘<conf> IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (GLOBECOM)’. We then looked up each of these conferences on the web to determine who is listed as their primary sponsor. For example, many of the conferences are sponsored by organizations such as IEEE, ACM (Association for Computer Machinery) and ASME (American Society of Mechanical Engineers). Some conferences are jointly sponsored by multiple organizations and this is noted as well. When we first started identifying conferences in the 2005 report, we looked up the top 100 most referenced conferences in order to identify the primary sponsors or hosts. In this current report we have identified the sponsors for the top 1,000+ most referenced conferences. These 1,000+ conferences are listed under more than 12,000 variant names. Standards Identification – Standards documents are increasingly referenced, and in general they are easy to identify by looking for strings such as ‘standard’ or ‘std’. Once the records containing the standards were located, it was relatively easy to identify the organization that produced each standard (ITU, IEEE, ISO, JEDEC, ANSI, etc.). Further, once the standards bodies are identified, we then identify references to other documents that do not specifically list the words ‘standard’ or ‘std.’ The latter step is necessary since some references look like this “ISO/TC97/SC21/N2066” or “IEEE802.3” without a specific mention of the word “standard.” As a consequence we also identify other non-standard documents released from these organizations including draft standards and “requests for comments” documents if they are cited by patents. Journal Identification – identifying and standardizing journal names is a very difficult process because there are so many different journals, and their names can be abbreviated in many different ways. To make the problem more manageable, we base our analysis primarily to the 16,000+ journals covered by the ISI/Thomson Scientific Database. This is not a severe limitation, since these 16,000+ journals include more than 100 IEEE journals, 1400+ RELX/Elsevier journals, and 350+ Wiley journals. In addition, we also identify publishers of about 1,000 non-ISI journals if they appear very frequently in the patent references, but do not appear in the ISI database. Once restricted to these 17,000+ journals, we used software that transforms journal names into common abbreviations and then implements string matching. Care must be taken with string matching because, for example, searching for “Urology Journal” will also accidentally identify “Neurology Journal”. Similarly, a search for the journal “Science” would accidentally pick up any reference with ‘science’ in the paper title as well as any of the 800+ journals with science in their titles such as “Game and Wildlife Science”. Our proprietary software for journal identification (along with some human intervention) deals with all of these problems, so that we generate an accurate match between the patent references and 17,000+ journals. After

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identifying all of the relevant journals, we then used the ISI database and web research to identify the publisher of each journal III. Results References from Top 40 Patenting Organizations Table 3 shows the 40 firms that were granted the largest number of US patents in 2015. It should be noted that many of these firms consist of multiple subsidiaries, and these firms patent under many names. (For example General Electric has patents filed under 316 names, of which only a fraction contain General Electric in the name.) We identified all of the subsidiary names for each company to ensure that our patent counts are accurate. We identified the top 40 patenting firms because we want to understand the extent to which the current technology leaders use IEEE science. Figure 2 shows the 20 publishers of science whose publications are referenced most frequently by the 40 firms shown in Table 3. This figure shows that patents issued to the top 40 firms between 1997 and 2015 reference IEEE papers, conferences, and standards more than 410,000 times (compared with 350,000+ last year). This is more than three times as many references as the second placed publisher RELX Group (formerly Elsevier). In addition, if conference publications that are jointly sponsored are counted, such as the conferences jointly sponsored between IEEE and the Japanese Society of Applied Physics, or IEEE and ACM, then the number of references from the top 40 companies to IEEE increases by another 31,000 references. IEEE receives about 29% of the science references from the patents of the top 40 companies. The next closest publisher (RELX) has 9.6% of the total and IEEE’s share of references is about the same as the next seven publishers combined. About 1/3 of the 410,000+ patent references to IEEE are to IEEE sponsored conferences. Table 4 illustrates the reference distribution of IBM, which is the top patent holder in 2015 (and for the past 15 years). This reference distribution is typical of the top 40 firms. The references from IBM to IEEE are actually to a number of different IEEE journals and conferences. In this table, IEEE journals are highlighted in yellow and IEEE conferences are highlighted in orange. The top overall reference is to IEEE is to the International Electron Device Meeting. The top IEEE journals are IEEE Computer Magazine and IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices. Notice that a full 25 of the top 50 journals and conferences referenced by IBM patents are published or sponsored by IEEE. Ten of the top 50 journals and conferences are published or sponsored by ACM. As a software firm, IBM tends to reference ACM much more than most of the top 40 firms, but still IBM references IEEE almost twice as often as ACM as seen in Appendix A-10 (42,797 references to IEEE and 22,700 references to ACM.) The reader may notice the large number of references to ‘IEEE Unseparated’ or ‘Misc ACM’ in Table 4. These are articles that reference IEEE or ACM, but the inventor has not given a reference specific enough to identify the proper journal or conference. A few examples can be found in Table 5

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below. These are relatively complete references; it is not clear why the inventors were not more careful about listing the full journal names. Table 3 – Top-Patenting Firms in 2014

Full Parent Name2015

Patent Count1997-2015

Patent CountInternational Business Machines Corp 7395 83246Samsung Electronics Co Ltd 5167 56069Canon Inc 4378 48567Google Inc. 3234 10001Qualcomm Inc 3183 15770Toshiba Corp 2899 34976LG Electronics Inc. 2629 19033Sony Corp 2625 38316Samsung SDI Co Ltd 2546 10358Microsoft Corporation 2470 30150Panasonic Corporation 2456 45086Intel Corporation 2298 28047General Electric Company 2106 28559Apple Inc 1979 10333Toyota Motor Corp 1937 15982Fujitsu Limited 1898 31198Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co. 1827 10984Ricoh Co. Ltd. 1676 16376Medtronic Inc 1635 15521Seiko Epson Corporation 1623 19509Hitachi Ltd 1621 35990Ericsson 1469 13494Siemens Aktiengesellschaft 1436 22726Fuji Film Holdings Corp 1433 24692Hewlett-Packard Co 1409 29842General Motors Corp 1380 13021Bosch (Robert) GmbH 1370 15893Huawei Technologies Company Ltd. 1278 4914AT&T Inc 1225 14869Brother Industries Ltd 1220 9314Ford Motor Co. 1207 9189Hon Hai Precision Industry Co. Ltd. 1196 17803Amazon.com Inc. 1192 3523Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co. Ltd. 1168 9624Honeywell International Inc. 1139 15291Kyocera Corp. 1125 5578Broadcom Corp. 1122 11092Blackberry Ltd. 1120 7467Sharp Corp 1084 15545Johnson & Johnson 1071 12049

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Table 4 – Reference Distribution from IBM Patents 1997-2014

References Journal/Conference/Standard4450 Misc ACM2542 <conf> IEEE Int Electron Devices Meeting (IEDM)2512 IEEE Unseparated2042 IP.com1898 APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS1852 <conf> Proceedings ACM SIGMOD Symp1797 ACM SIGPLAN Notices1756 IBM JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT1519 <conf> Int Conf on Very Large Data Bases (VLDB)1269 IEEE tr ELECTRON DEVICES1176 Computer (IEEE)1167 COMMUNICATIONS OF THE ACM1155 <conf> IEEE/JPN Soc App Phys - symp on VLSI tech1146 JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS1122 <conf> USENIX Conference Proceedings1089 <conf> ACM/IEEE Design Automation conf1074 IBM SYSTEMS JOURNAL1065 Proc SPIE1046 IEEE JOURNAL OF SOLID-STATE CIRCUITS964 IEEE tr COMPUTERS932 <std> IETF Std889 <conf> IEEE int conf on Data eng (ICDE)882 IEEE ELECTRON DEVICE LETTERS774 <conf> ACM/IEEE int symp on comp Architecture (ISCA)754 <conf> IEEE int conf on Distributed comp sys735 IEEE tr MAGNETICS690 J Vac Sci tech619 <conf> IEEE Int Conf Acous, Speech, and Sig Proc (ICASSP)618 IEEE tr comp Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and sys609 SCIENCE608 ACM SIGOPS605 IEEE tr Software eng547 <conf> ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI)516 <conf> IEEE Hawaii Int Conf on Sys Sci (HICSS)513 IEEE tr KNOWLEDGE AND DATA ENGINEERING493 Misc SPIE479 <conf> IEEE/ACM Proceedings on Supercomputing (SUPERCOMP)479 comp Architecture News476 <conf> proc IEEE int Solid State Circuits Conf (ISSCC)472 <conf> Proceedings ACM SIGPLAN Symp463 ACM comp Surveys CSUR460 IEEE tr INFORMATION THEORY456 IEEE tr PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS448 <conf> IEEE int symp On High Performance comp Architecture (HPCA)445 <conf> IEEE/ACM int conf on comp Aided Design (ICCAD)439 PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS435 <conf> IEEE Electronic Components and tech conf429 ACM tr comp sys TOCS425 <conf> Proceedings ACM SIGCOMM Symp415 <conf> IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium

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Table 5 – Examples of References Mapped to “IEEE Unseparated”

Patent NPR

# NPR Text

05692177 3 Lewis et al. "Hashing for dynamic and static internal tables." IEEE, pp. 45-56 Oct. 1988.

05699518 4 "The Design and Implementation of a Reliable Distributed Operating System--ROSE", Ng, IEEE, pp. 2-11, Apr. 1990.

05699518 5 "A service Platform for Distributed Applications", Popescu-Zeletin et al, IEEE, pp. 11-17, Jul. 1992.

05709219 5 Kotoku, Tetsuo et al., "Environment Modeling for the Interactive Display (EMID) Used in Telerobotic Systems," IEEE Nov. 3-5 1991, pp. 999-1004.

05709219 6

Kotoku, Tetsuo, "A Predictive Display with Force Feedback and Its Application to Remote Manipulation System with Transmission Time Delay," IEEE Jul. 7-10 1992, pp. 239-246.

05709219 8 Burdea, Grigore et al., "Distributed Virtual Force Feedback," IEEE May 2, 1993, Atlanta, GA, pp. 25-44.

References from Companies in Fourteen Technology Categories In the previous section, we analyzed the use of IEEE science by the top patenting organizations. Out of all science publishers, IEEE was cited most often by these organizations by a wide margin. However, looking only at the top companies tells an incomplete story. IEEE publishes journals and runs conferences mainly in information technology, electronics and other areas. It is therefore useful to examine the extent to which IEEE science is referenced by all organizations that patent in specific technologies and not just the leading companies. As mentioned in the methodology section, we identified all patents in the fourteen technology categories shown above in Table 1. 1790 Analytics has developed a classification scheme that categorizes all patents into 50 broad technology areas based on International Patent Classes (IPCs) which are assigned to each patent as part of the examination process. This scheme was used to identify all relevant patents for the current analysis. We examined each of the foureen technology areas separately, and the results are summarized in Figures 3-16. The first category shown (in Figure 3) is Broadcasting, which is a new category this year. This category consists of patents in the IPCs for Broadcast Communication and Pictorial Communication (Television). We identified all non-patent references on patents related to this technology issued between 1997 and 2015. We then determined the science publishers responsible for the largest number of these non-patent references. Figure 3 shows the result of this analysis, namely that IEEE science is referenced far more Broadcasting related patents than science from any other publisher. Thirty five percent of all science references from these patents go to IEEE journal papers or IEEE sponsored conference papers (the graphs also include standards documents, but the vast majority of the references are to journal or conference papers).

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In second place is the Society of Motion Pictures and Television Engineers (SMPTE) with just over 7% of the references. Figures 4 and 5 are analogous to Figure 3 except they show referencing patterns from Computer Hardware and Software patents. Here IEEE once again receives far more references than the other publishers. In both cases, ACM is the second most referenced publisher, but it receives about half of the references that papers published by IEEE receive. Figure 6 examines the top referenced publishers in the Medical Device field, which covers devices as well as diagnostic tools and surgical instruments. Here, IEEE is a respectable fourth in an area that is somewhat outside its core competency. When we first started covering this category in our 2005 report, the top publisher in this area was Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, (since acquired by Wolters Kluwer) which publishes more than 100 health and diagnostic related journals, including Circulation, Neurosurgery, Investigative Radiology, Anesthesiology, and Annals of Surgery. In recent years Lippincott had been surpassed by RELX, which has more than 400 journals in the field, such as Annals of Thoracic Surgery, and the Journal of the American College of Cardiology. In this report, we see that the RELX lead in references has further increased so that Lippincott/Wolters now has fewer than half as many references as RELX in the category. The huge increase in references to RELX in this (and other) categories is due to several factors. First, the number of science references in the medical field is much higher for recent patents than for older patents, so a leading publisher in 2006 is likely to have a larger lead in 2015. Secondly, RELX has been rather acquisitive in recent years and continues to acquire other publishers. Finally, RELX has many journal titles, so that as ISI/Thomson has increased the number of journals it covers in its database, RELX has benefited the most. Moreover, 1790 has increased the number of journals identified outside of the ISI set, which also benefits RELX. Figure 7 shows the results for the information storage category. In this area, IEEE is particularly dominant. 43.9% of all of the science references from patents in information storage are to papers in IEEE journals or conferences. IEEE’s 70,448 references in this category are more than six times as many as second place AIP. Figure 8 contains the results of patents covering Measuring, Testing, and Control technology. Patents in this category are related to measuring or testing, force, pressure, weight, etc. as well as chemically measuring substances (e.g. measuring CO2 levels). The category also contains control devices since these technologies are often combined. For example a patent might be related to a valve that adjusts at a certain pressure or at a certain pollution level. Since this type of measuring can be done both mechanically, magnetically, electrically, or chemically, it is not too surprising to see both IEEE and RELX and the Optical and Chemical Societies all near the top of Figure 8. IEEE receives the most references, but the lead is not as dominant as in the Information Technology related technology areas. The results for the Optics category can be found in Figure 9. This is another area that is slightly outside the IEEE core. IEEE still has a substantial lead over the second and third place publishers – the Optical Society of America (OSA) and the International Society of Optical Engineering

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(SPIE). Since these latter two societies are Optical societies, it would be reasonable to assume that one of these societies would lead in the category but IEEE strong journals and conferences in the area receive more references from optics patents. Figure 10 contains results for the patents related to power generation and transmission. Although this is a non-information technology category, IEEE leads in references in this category as well. 33% of science references from patents in this category go to IEEE publications. Intelligent Manufacturing and Robotics contains patents related to robotics, and robotics and control systems related to manufacturing. According to Markets and Markets, the Robotics market is about a $20 billion dollar industry because of a population explosion in “service robots” that mow lawns, vacuum floors, and manufacture things. As this industry grows, new innovations will be patented, and from Figure 11 it looks like those innovations will build upon ideas published in IEEE journal articles or presented at IEEE conferences. We see in Figure 11 that 41% of all science references from patents in this space refer to IEEE published articles. RELX is the second ranked publisher, but its papers receive only 9% of the science references. In this category, IEEE has more references then the next 15 publishers combined. Figure 12 shows that IEEE is also very strong in the Semiconductor category. Here, the inclusion of conferences gives IEEE a substantial boost. Approximately one-third of the references to IEEE are to conference papers. With conferences excluded, IEEE would be about the same level as the American Institute of Physics in terms of science references from semiconductor patents. The Smart Meter/Smart Grid category covers patents related to improving the power grid as well as for advanced residential electric meters. This is a relatively small category but as we see in Figure 13, the IEEE provides the bulk of the science base with 63% of all patent references. Solar and Photovoltaic energy results are contained in Figure 14. This category is led by RELX. RELX has several strong journals in this category including Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, Thin Solid Films, Solar Energy, Synthetic Metals, Journal of Crystal Growth, Solar Cells, plus more than 50 smaller journal titles related to this technology. The references to IEEE science in this category mainly go to the IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists conference, the IEEE World conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, and IEEE Transactions on Electronic Devices. The Telecommunications category is the strongest large category for IEEE. There are over four times as many references to IEEE conference and journal papers as to second place publisher 3GPP (which is a standards body). Standards are referenced more frequently in telecommunications, but still not nearly as often as journal and conference papers. About 55% of the nearly one million total references to all publishers are to journal articles; 25% of the references are to conference papers, and about 20% are to standards documents. In terms of standards documents, the 3GPP General Partnership Project, Internet Engineering Task Force and International Telecommunication Union received the most references in the category. New

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telecommunications patents are referencing scientific articles to a larger extent than in the past. In this category in 2008, there were just over 118,000 references to IEEE and last year there were 352,000 references to IEEE papers. Now as we see in Figure 15, there are more than 406,000 references to IEEE for telecommunications patents from 1997-2015. Thus, just one more year of patents added more than 54,000 references to IEEE papers. Standards documents are referenced increasingly often in Telecommunications patents. Four of the top 11 (5 of the top 16) referenced publishers are standards bodies. Moreover, of the 406,000 references to IEEE, over 20,000 are to various IEEE standards (mostly to the IEEE 802 family of standards). Another recent category is shown in Figure 16. This chart shows that 40% of all science references from Wind Energy patents go to IEEE journal and conference papers. Figures 3-16 show aggregate counts of references from all patents in each technology category. Readers who wish to see the firms that reference IEEE publications in each category can consult Appendix B. This appendix contains the 100 organizations that reference IEEE most frequently in each category. Appendix C is similar, except that it contains the organizations that reference IEEE most frequently in the fourteen technology categories combined. Citation Index for Patents Referencing IEEE In an earlier study (see [2]) it was shown that patents that reference specific IEEE journals perform better on a number of quality metrics. Moreover, it was shown that the results were statistically significant. In this report, we update a key figure from the previous study showing the citation index of patents that reference IEEE papers versus peer patents that do not reference IEEE. The citation index is a normalized citation metric that takes the number of citations received by a particular set of patents, and divides it by the expected number of citations for patents of the same age and technology class. A random set of patents therefore should have a citation index of 1.0. Research has shown that patents cited by many later patents tend to contain important ideas upon which the later patents are building (see [3] and [6]). Citation indicators are also the basis for the patented financial models (see [4] and [7]) invented by the two 1790 founders Breitzman and Thomas. Figure 17 contains the Citation Index for the patents in the fourteen technology categories that reference IEEE papers and conferences. Also shown is the Citation Index for the set of the remaining patents in each category that do not reference IEEE. Note that the set of all patents in each category have an expected citation index of 1.0. Thus we see that the patents that reference IEEE are cited 21% to 96% more than expected, while the patents that do not reference IEEE are cited up to 15% less often than expected. This of course does not imply that all patents that reference IEEE are likely to be more valuable than patents that do not reference IEEE, but it does suggest that in general, patented technologies that build upon IEEE published or sponsored science are more likely to be valuable than patented technologies that do not reference IEEE science.

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IV. Conclusions When a patent is filed, it must reference the prior art upon which it builds, as well as any prior art that limits the claims of the new invention. This study and prior studies show that science published by IEEE forms a significant portion of this prior art for new patents. In this study, we examined two separate patent sets. The first patent set consisted of patents granted between 1997 and 2015 to the 40 organizations with the largest number of US patents granted in 2015. The second patent set consisted of all US patents granted between 1997 and 2015 patents in fourteen key technologies: broadcasting, computer hardware, software, robotics, semiconductors, solar energy, wind energy, measuring and testing, medical devices, telecommunications, optics, power systems, and information storage. In both of these patent sets, IEEE is the dominant source of non-patent prior art. In other words, IEEE journals and conferences are key outlets for scientific discoveries relevant to cutting edge technology. Finally, we conducted an analysis of citation indices for IEEE related patents and non-IEEE related patents. These types of metrics have been shown in validation studies to be good markers for the quality, impact, and potential value of patents [3]. In this study, it was shown that patents that build upon IEEE published science tend to have higher citation indices than patents that do not reference IEEE. This suggests but does not guarantee that patents that build upon IEEE science are more likely to become high-quality, high-impact, valuable inventions than patents that do not build upon IEEE. Specific key results are identified in the Executive Summary.

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V. References [1] Branstetter, Lee. “Is Academic Science Driving a Surge in Industrial Innovation? Evidence from Patent Citations,” Columbia Business School, Discussion Paper #28. [2] Breitzman, Anthony. "IEEE and Patents: An Analysis of Patent Referencing to IEEE Papers, Conferences and Standards", 1790 Analytics, LLC, May 23, 2005 [3] Breitzman, Anthony and Mogee, Mary Ellen. “The Many Applications of Patent Analysis,” of Information Science, 28, 3, 187-205, 2002. [4] Breitzman, Anthony., “Method and Apparatus for Choosing a Stock Portfolio, Based on Patent Indicators,” US Patent #6,175,824, Jan. 16, 2001. [5] Fortune Magazine, “Ten Tech Trends,” January 10, 2005. [6] Hall, Bronwyn H., Jaffe, Adam B. and Trajtenberg, Manuel., "The NBER Patent Citations Data File: Lessons, Insights and Methodological Tools" (December 2001). CEPR Discussion Paper No. 3094. [7] Thomas, Patrick., “System and Method for Producing Technology-Based Price Targets for a Company Stock,” US Patent #6,832,211, Dec. 14, 2004.

Page 13

Figure 1 – Front Page of Patent # 5,591,372

United States Patent 5,591,372

Venkataramani , et al. January 7, 1997

Piezoelectric composite with anisotropic 3-3 connectivity

Abstract

A piezoelectric or electrostrictive composite exhibiting anisotropic 3-3 connectivity with a dense ceramic phase

and an infiltrate polymer phase. The ceramic phase is an interconnected ceramic lamelli structure that is

arranged substantially parallel in one direction. The ceramic lamelli have greater connectivity in the z direction

than in the x and y directions, while the connectivity in the x and y directions are essentially equal.

Inventors: Venkataramani; Venkat S. (Clifton Park, NY); Smith; Lowell S. (Niskayuna, NY)

Assignee: Generla Electric Company (Schenectady, NY)

Appl. No.: 531840

Filed: September 22, 1995

Current U.S. Class: 252/62.9R; 252/62.9PZ; 501/32; 501/95.2; 501/136; 501/137;

501/139

Intern'l Class: C04B 035/00

Field of Search: 252/62.9 R,62.9 PZ 428/260,272,289,290 501/32,134,136,137,95

264/28

References Cited

U.S. Patent Documents

4122041 Oct., 1978 Mahler 251/449.

4330593 May., 1982 Shrout et al. 252/62.

Other References

"Injection Molded Fine-Scale Piezoelectric Composite Transducers", LJ Bowen, et al. 1993

Ultrasonics Symposium, 1993 IEEE, pp. 499-503. no month.

"Modeling 1-3 Composite Piezoelectrics: Thickness-Mode Oscillations", W A Smith, B A Auld,

IEEE Trans. on Ultrasonics Ferroelectrics and Frequency Control, vol. 38, No. 1, Jan. 1991.

"Properties of Composite Piezoelectric Materials for Ultrasonic Transducers", W A Smith, et al.,

1984 Ultrasonics Symposium, IEEE 1984, pp. 539-544. no month.

"The Role of Piezocomposites in Ultrasonic Transducers", W A Smith, 1989 Ultrasonics

Symposium, 1989 IEEE, pp. 755-766. no month.

"Development of 1-3 Ceramic-Air Composite Transducers", C. Oakley, et al., SPIE vol. 1733 (1992)

pp. 274-283. no month.

"Freeze-formed Silica Fibers", W. Hahler, et al., May 1980, Central Research & Development Dept.,

E.I. duPont de Nemours & Company, Wilmington, Delaware.

Primary Examiner: Bonner; Melissa

Attorney, Agent or Firm: Johnson; Noreen C., Pittman; William H.

Figure 2 - # and % of Patent References from Top 40 Companies to Top 20 Journal Publishers

Copyright (c) 2016, 1790 Analytics, LLC

410015 (28.89%)

135663 (9.56%)

111289 (7.84%)

51914 (3.66%)

46755 (3.29%)

45591 (3.21%)

35213 (2.48%)

29115 (2.05%)

26651 (1.88%)

23284 (1.64%)

21141 (1.49%)

20060 (1.41%)

15236 (1.07%)

14178 (1.00%)

11647 (0.82%)

11270 (0.79%)

10588 (0.75%)

10453 (0.74%)

9585 (0.68%)

9535 (0.67%)

0 100000 200000 300000 400000 500000

SID-Society for Information Display

Network Working Group RFC

IEICE-Inst Elec Info Comm Eng

US Dept of Energy

IEEE/JPN Soc App Phys

IET/IEE

International Telecommunication Union

Nature Publishing Group

Joint IEEE and ACM

Internet Soc/IETF-Internet Eng Task Force

SPIE-Int Soc Opt Engineering

Wolters Kluwer

ACS-Am Chem Soc

Springer/Sp. Wien/Sp-Verlag/KluwAcad

AVS-AIP Am Inst Physics

John Wiley & Sons/Wiley-Verlag/Wiley-Liss

3GPP General Partn Proj Stds Body

ACM-Assoc Comput Mach

RELX Group

IEEE

# and % References to Papers/Standards/Conferences from 1997-2015 Patents

Figure 3: # and % of Science References from 1997-2015 Broadcasting Patents

to Top 20 Publishers, Conference Organizers,

and Standards Organizations


76173 (35.45%)

15499 (7.21%)

13245 (6.16%)

9807 (4.56%)

8758 (4.08%)

7950 (3.70%)

5761 (2.68%)

5670 (2.64%)

4975 (2.32%)

4310 (2.01%)

3756 (1.75%)

3671 (1.71%)

2795 (1.30%)

2428 (1.13%)

2198 (1.02%)

2148 (1.00%)

1988 (0.93%)

1799 (0.84%)

1721 (0.80%)

1358 (0.63%)

0 25000 50000 75000

European Telecom Standards Institute (ETSI)



McGraw Hill

3GPP General Partnership Project Standards Body

OSA-Opt Soc Amer


New York Times

Springer/Sp. Wien/Springer-Verlag/KluwAcad

Digital Equipment Corp

ISO/IEC

IET/IEE

ISO-International Standards Organization

National Cable & Telecommunications Association

RELX Group




Soc Motion Picture TV Eng Inc

IEEE

# and % of Science References from 1997-2015 Patents

Figure 4 - # and % of Science References from 1997-2015 Computer Hardware

Patents to Top 20 Publishers and Conference Organizers


188033 (33.10%)

94098 (16.56%)

28544 (5.02%)

25869 (4.55%)

12375 (2.18%)

11045 (1.94%)

9911 (1.74%)

9173 (1.61%)

8703 (1.53%)

8311 (1.46%)

5338 (0.94%)

4273 (0.75%)

4010 (0.71%)

3650 (0.64%)

3546 (0.62%)

3530 (0.62%)

3438 (0.61%)

3423 (0.60%)

3176 (0.56%)

2816 (0.50%)

0 50000 100000 150000 200000 250000

Society of Petroleum Engineers



United Business Media/UBM Tech

Miller Freeman


Ziff-Davis

IBM Corp


IET/IEE

The USENIX Association






Joint IEEE and ACM

RELX Group


IEEE


Figure 5 - # and % of Science References from 1997-2015 Computer Software

Patents to Top 20 Publishers, Conference Organizers,



193774 (30.98%)

99202 (15.86%)

42789 (6.84%)

18694 (2.99%)

15064 (2.41%)

15036 (2.40%)

14390 (2.30%)

11483 (1.84%)

7944 (1.27%)

6602 (1.06%)

4984 (0.80%)

4889 (0.78%)

4883 (0.78%)

4333 (0.69%)

4252 (0.68%)

3895 (0.62%)

3518 (0.56%)

3464 (0.55%)

3384 (0.54%)

3335 (0.53%)

0 70000 140000 210000

Oxford Univ Press

IBM Corp

MIT/MIT Press

Source Media


International Data Group

VLDB-Very Large Data Base Endowment

IET/IEE

ACL - Association for Comp Linguistics

Ziff-Davis




Joint IEEE and ACM




RELX Group


IEEE


Figure 6 - # and % of Science References from 1997-2015 Medical Device



197316 (23.62%)

90249 (10.81%)

78225 (9.37%)

55990 (6.70%)

40673 (4.87%)

24767 (2.97%)

13244 (1.59%)

11644 (1.39%)

11165 (1.34%)

11124 (1.33%)

10897 (1.30%)

10751 (1.29%)

10705 (1.28%)

9487 (1.14%)

9068 (1.09%)

7459 (0.89%)

7334 (0.88%)

6393 (0.77%)

6377 (0.76%)

6001 (0.72%)

0 25000 50000 75000 100000 125000 150000 175000 200000 225000

AAAS-Am Assoc Advancement Sci

Am Assoc Neurological Surgeons

Mass Med Soc

BMJ Publishing Group

IOP Publishing

CRC Press/Taylor & Francis

OSA-Opt Soc Amer

Radiological Soc North Am

Am Diabetese Assoc

AMA-Am Medical Assoc



Mary Ann Liebert Inc.

Am Physiological Soc

ACS-Am Chem Soc


IEEE


Wolters Kluwer

RELX Group


Figure 7 - # and % of Science References from 1997-2015 Information Storage



70448 (43.88%)

11194 (6.97%)

10375 (6.46%)

9788 (6.10%)

5572 (3.47%)

4933 (3.07%)

4544 (2.83%)

3546 (2.21%)

2049 (1.28%)

2033 (1.27%)

1917 (1.19%)

1768 (1.10%)

1725 (1.07%)

1530 (0.95%)

1421 (0.89%)

1370 (0.85%)

1244 (0.77%)

1213 (0.76%)

1083 (0.67%)

1036 (0.65%)

0 20000 40000 60000 80000

IOP Publishing



IBM Corp




ACS-Am Chem Soc




INST PURE APPLIED PHYSICS

Joint IEEE and ACM

Am Physical Soc




RELX Group


IEEE

# and % Science References from 1997-2015 Patents

Figure 8 - # and % of Science References from 1997-2015

Measuring/Testing/Control Patents to Top 20 Publishers and Conference

Organizers


74362 (18.79%)

59669 (15.08%)

27738 (7.01%)

26355 (6.66%)

20973 (5.30%)

16985 (4.29%)

14956 (3.78%)

8812 (2.23%)

7293 (1.84%)

5894 (1.49%)

5888 (1.49%)

5286 (1.34%)

4963 (1.25%)

4826 (1.22%)

4391 (1.11%)

3686 (0.93%)

3630 (0.92%)

3415 (0.86%)

2667 (0.67%)

2348 (0.59%)

0 20000 40000 60000 80000

Oxford Univ Press

Wolters Kluwer

IET/IEE

Royal Society of Chemistry


Natl Acad Sciences

Am Physical Soc


soc of Exploration Geophysists

IOP Publishing







ACS-Am Chem Soc

OSA-Opt Soc Amer

RELX Group

IEEE


Figure 9 - # and % of Science References from 1997-2015 Optics Patents to Top

20 Publishers and Conference Organizers


31099 (18.86%)

24893 (15.09%)

21418 (12.99%)

12789 (7.76%)

12426 (7.53%)

6029 (3.66%)

5608 (3.40%)

5452 (3.31%)

4606 (2.79%)

2613 (1.58%)

2277 (1.38%)

1986 (1.20%)

1974 (1.20%)

1963 (1.19%)

1930 (1.17%)

1658 (1.01%)

1451 (0.88%)

1274 (0.77%)

1214 (0.74%)

1092 (0.66%)

0 10000 20000 30000 40000


TECHNICAL ASSOC PHOTOPOLYMERS

Eur Conf on Opt Comm (ECOC) Society

Pennwell Pub

SEMATECH Consortium

IOP Publishing





Am Physical Soc


ACS-Am Chem Soc


IET/IEE

RELX Group



OSA-Opt Soc Amer

IEEE


Figure 10 - # and % of Science References from 1997-2015 Power Systems



28682 (33.02%)

17787 (20.47%)

8521 (9.81%)

4832 (5.56%)

2785 (3.21%)

2305 (2.65%)

1579 (1.82%)

1112 (1.28%)

1053 (1.21%)

1047 (1.21%)

1035 (1.19%)

911 (1.05%)

696 (0.80%)

675 (0.78%)

588 (0.68%)

538 (0.62%)

526 (0.61%)

487 (0.56%)

453 (0.52%)

405 (0.47%)

0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 30000 35000

AIAA-Am Inst Aero Astro


IOP Publishing

Am Physical Soc

Penton Media


Cahners-Denver Pub

ASME-Am Soc Mech Eng


IET/IEE



US Dept of Energy




ACS-Am Chem Soc

Electrochemical Society

RELX Group

IEEE


Figure 11 - # and % of Science References from 1997-2015 Robotics and

Intelligent Mfg Patents to Top 20 Publishers and Conference Organizers


292 (0.51%)

339 (0.59%)

339 (0.59%)

355 (0.62%)

360 (0.63%)

369 (0.64%)

372 (0.65%)

443 (0.77%)

539 (0.94%)

547 (0.96%)

550 (0.96%)

662 (1.16%)

1037 (1.81%)

1154 (2.01%)

1235 (2.16%)

2095 (3.66%)

2573 (4.49%)

2635 (4.60%)

5177 (9.04%)

23714 (41.40%)

0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 30000



ACS-Am Chem Soc

American Automatic Control Council (AACC)

SAGES-Soc Am Gastro & Endosc Surg

I S A-INSTRUM SYS AUTOMATION SOC

MIT/MIT Press

SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC

Wolters Kluwer

Joint IEEE and ACM

IET/IEE



IEEE/RSJ





RELX Group

IEEE


Figure 12 - # and % of Science References from 1997-2015 Semiconductor



162463 (24.36%)

110749 (16.60%)

78773 (11.81%)

28915 (4.33%)

26349 (3.95%)

21731 (3.26%)

20451 (3.07%)

17134 (2.57%)

17042 (2.55%)

16028 (2.40%)

14178 (2.13%)

13933 (2.09%)

12972 (1.94%)

12971 (1.94%)

11700 (1.75%)

10479 (1.57%)

9047 (1.36%)

8845 (1.33%)

4768 (0.71%)

4329 (0.65%)

0 25000 50000 75000 100000 125000 150000 175000 200000


Joint IEEE and ACM

IOP Publishing

IET/IEE





MRS-Materials Research Soc

OSA-Opt Soc Amer





Am Physical Soc


ACS-Am Chem Soc

RELX Group


IEEE


Figure 13 - # and % of Science References from 1997-2015 Smart Meter/Smart

Grid Patents to Top 20 Publishers, Conference Organizers,



2200 (62.75%)

137 (3.91%)

120 (3.42%)

107 (3.05%)

83 (2.37%)

64 (1.83%)

63 (1.80%)

44 (1.25%)

38 (1.08%)

34 (0.97%)

31 (0.88%)

28 (0.80%)

26 (0.74%)

26 (0.74%)

24 (0.68%)

23 (0.66%)

21 (0.60%)

19 (0.54%)

18 (0.51%)

17 (0.48%)

0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500

Am Physical Soc

Penton Media



Elecrostatic Discharge Association

Hewlett Packard Inc.



Joint IEEE and ACM


ANSI-American National Standards Institute

<std> CLC SC 105A


3GPP Gen Part Proj Stds Body


Echelon Corp

IET/IEE

RELX Group


IEEE


Figure 14 - # and % of Science References from 1997-2015 Solar/Photovoltaic




5628 (18.85%)

4890 (16.38%)

4007 (13.42%)

3979 (13.33%)

2351 (7.88%)

885 (2.96%)

743 (2.49%)

678 (2.27%)

650 (2.18%)

541 (1.81%)

541 (1.81%)

519 (1.74%)

495 (1.66%)

436 (1.46%)

344 (1.15%)

327 (1.10%)

293 (0.98%)

292 (0.98%)

186 (0.62%)

115 (0.39%)

0 2000 4000 6000



OSA-Opt Soc Amer



US Dept of Energy

IOP Publishing

Am Physical Soc




MRS-Materials Research Soc

WIP-Renewable Energies




ACS-Am Chem Soc


IEEE

RELX Group


Figure 15 - # and % of Science References from 1997-2015

Telecommunications Patents to Top 20 Publishers, Conference Organizers,



406759 (43.86%)

98690 (10.64%)

36013 (3.88%)

28244 (3.05%)

25754 (2.78%)

21094 (2.27%)

20812 (2.24%)

13476 (1.45%)

13051 (1.41%)

12821 (1.38%)

11938 (1.29%)

11878 (1.28%)

10409 (1.12%)

9758 (1.05%)

9107 (0.98%)

8873 (0.96%)

8710 (0.94%)

7852 (0.85%)

7039 (0.76%)

5152 (0.56%)

0 100000 200000 300000 400000 500000

Nat Cable & Telecom Assoc



Joint IEEE and ACM


European Telecom Standards Institute (ETSI)



OSA-Opt Soc Amer






RELX Group

IET/IEE



3GPP Gen Partnership Proj Stds Body

IEEE


Figure 16 - # and % of Science References from 1997-2015 Wind Energy




1009 (40.55%)

232 (9.32%)

147 (5.91%)

143 (5.75%)

118 (4.74%)

116 (4.66%)

111 (4.46%)

105 (4.22%)

76 (3.05%)

48 (1.93%)

46 (1.85%)

28 (1.13%)

22 (0.88%)

13 (0.52%)

13 (0.52%)

13 (0.52%)

13 (0.52%)

12 (0.48%)

12 (0.48%)

10 (0.40%)

0 250 500 750 1000 1250

SAE-Society of Automobile Engineers

CIGRE-Int Council on Large Elec Sys


Am Automatic Control Council (AACC)

McGraw Hill

Electric Power Research Institute




NASA-National Aeronautics and Space Admin

EPE Association

IET/IEE

AWEA-American Wind Energy Association

AIAA-Am Inst Aero Astro



EWEA-European Wind Energy Association

US Dept of Energy

RELX Group

IEEE


Figure 17 - 1997-2015 Citation Index of Patents Referencing IEEE Papers and

Conferences Versus Patents not Referencing IEEE for 16 Categories


1.4

0

1.2

1

1.2

6

1.5

3

1.3

7 1.5

1 1.6

5

1.6

4

1.3

3

1.3

8

1.8

8

1.7

2

1.3

2

1.9

6

0.9

3

0.8

9

0.9

7

0.9

8

0.9

0

0.9

6

0.9

1

0.9

5

0.8

5

0.9

2

1.2

6

1.1

7

0.9

1

1.2

8

0.00

1.00

2.00

Bro

adcasting

Com

pute

r H

ard

ware

Com

pute

r S

oftw

are

Dia

gnosis

/Surg

ery

/Medic

al In

str

um

ents

Info

rmation S

tora

ge

Measuring, T

esting a

nd C

ontr

ol

Devic

es

Optics/P

hoto

gra

phy/E

lectr

ophoto

gra

phy

Pow

er

Syste

ms

Robotics a

nd Inte

lligent M

anufa

ctu

ring

Sem

iconducto

rs/S

olid

-Sta

te

Devic

es/E

lectr

onic

s

Sm

art

Grid/S

mart

Mete

rs/E

nerg

y

Infr

astr

uctu

re

Sola

r/P

hoto

voltaic

Tele

com

and O

ther

Com

munic

ations

Win

d E

nerg

y

Cit

ati

on

In

de

x

Patents Referencing IEEE

Patents Not Referencing IEEE

rank assignee Top Referenced Organization

#

IEEE

Refs

Total

Science

Refs#

Refs2nd Most Referenced Organization

%

IEEE

Refs%

Refs

#

Refs

%

Refs

Appendix C: Top Organizations from All Categories Combined

1 Microsoft Corporation 44898IEEE44898 137495 38054ACM-Assoc Comput Mach32.7 32.7 27.7

2 International Business Machin 41396IEEE41396 116426 21832ACM-Assoc Comput Mach35.6 35.6 18.8

3 Micron Technology Inc. 39681IEEE39681 118295 20109RELX Group33.5 33.5 17.0

4 Qualcomm Inc 26764IEEE26764 60047 112883GPP General Partnership Project Standards Body44.6 44.6 18.8

5 Avago Technologies Ltd 26208IEEE26208 42250 1242International Telecommunication Union62.0 62.0 2.9

6 Intel Corporation 25193IEEE25193 51423 4593ACM-Assoc Comput Mach49.0 49.0 8.9

7 Nokia Corp 18037IEEE18037 44241 58603GPP General Partnership Project Standards Body40.8 40.8 13.2

8 Apple Inc 15161IEEE15161 39736 8341ACM-Assoc Comput Mach38.2 38.2 21.0

9 Marvell Technology Group Lt 14206IEEE14206 18994 29183GPP General Partnership Project Standards Body74.8 74.8 15.4

10 Texas Instruments Inc 11081IEEE11081 17649 764AVS-AIP Am Inst Physics62.8 62.8 4.3

11 ParkerVision Inc 11023IEEE11023 21753 5283IET/IEE50.7 50.7 24.3

12 Oracle Corporation 12033ACM-Assoc Comput Mach10780 38029 10780IEEE28.3 31.6 28.3

13 Ericsson 10705IEEE10705 26238 65443GPP General Partnership Project Standards Body40.8 40.8 24.9

14 Sony Corp 10236IEEE10236 22228 1929ACM-Assoc Comput Mach46.1 46.1 8.7

15 Samsung Electronics Co Ltd 10107IEEE10107 24274 19413GPP General Partnership Project Standards Body41.6 41.6 8.0

16 Google Inc. 9726IEEE9726 32157 8261ACM-Assoc Comput Mach30.2 30.2 25.7

17 InterDigital Inc 166443GPP General Partnership Project Standards Bo9180 30044 9180IEEE30.6 55.4 30.6

18 Semiconductor Energy Labora 37027SID-Society for Information Display9148 112012 16245AVS-AIP Am Inst Physics8.2 33.1 14.5

19 Panasonic Corporation 9146IEEE9146 27558 32383GPP General Partnership Project Standards Body33.2 33.2 11.7

20 Fujitsu Limited 9034IEEE9034 21761 16683GPP General Partnership Project Standards Body41.5 41.5 7.7

21 Hewlett-Packard Co 8592IEEE8592 27367 4050ACM-Assoc Comput Mach31.4 31.4 14.8

22 Personalized Media Communi 15691Soc Motion Picture TV Eng Inc8534 50455 8534IEEE16.9 31.1 16.9

23 Cisco Systems Inc. 8347IEEE8347 27115 5234Internet Soc/IETF-Internet Eng Task Force30.8 30.8 19.3

24 Medtronic Inc 20280RELX Group8329 103611 15760Lippincott Williams & Wilkins8.0 19.6 15.2

25 AT&T Inc 8102IEEE8102 19472 2016ACM-Assoc Comput Mach41.6 41.6 10.4

26 Massachusetts Institute of Tec 7821IEEE7821 28938 3461RELX Group27.0 27.0 12.0

27 Toshiba Corp 7763IEEE7763 19085 1327AVS-AIP Am Inst Physics40.7 40.7 7.0

28 NEC Corp 7421IEEE7421 18180 17173GPP General Partnership Project Standards Body40.8 40.8 9.4

29 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft 7414IEEE7414 19714 2006RELX Group37.6 37.6 10.2

30 MONOLITHIC 3D INC 7089IEEE7089 12772 1397IEEE/JPN Soc App Phys55.5 55.5 10.9

31 SanDisk Corp. 7011IEEE7011 12784 921IEEE/JPN Soc App Phys54.8 54.8 7.2

32 LG Electronics Inc. 116713GPP General Partnership Project Standards Bo6670 26803 6670IEEE24.9 43.5 24.9

33 Macronix International Co. Lt 6655IEEE6655 12066 2043IEEE/JPN Soc App Phys55.2 55.2 16.9

34 Partners HealthCare Systems I 25311OSA-Opt Soc Amer6403 72290 10836RELX Group8.9 35.0 15.0

35 Taiwan Semiconductor Manuf 6292IEEE6292 17222 4386AVS-AIP Am Inst Physics36.5 36.5 25.5

36 STMicroelectronics 6230IEEE6230 10382 802RELX Group60.0 60.0 7.7

37 Motorola Solutions Inc. 6037IEEE6037 11930 1055AVS-AIP Am Inst Physics50.6 50.6 8.8

38 Conversant Intellectual Proper 5910IEEE5910 9221 226IEEE/JPN Soc App Phys64.1 64.1 2.5

39 Rambus Inc. 5877IEEE5877 8998 414JEDEC Semiconductor Standards Organization65.3 65.3 4.6

40 NXP Semiconductors NV 5796IEEE5796 9958 800AVS-AIP Am Inst Physics58.2 58.2 8.0

Tuesday, May 17, 2016 C-1Copyright (c) 2016, 1790 Analytics, LLC


#

IEEE

Refs

Total

Science

Refs#


%

IEEE

Refs%

Refs

#

Refs

%

Refs


41 Koninklijke Philips N.V. 5776IEEE5776 21844 2220RELX Group26.4 26.4 10.2

42 Cadence Design Systems Inc 5734IEEE5734 13328 4240Joint IEEE and ACM43.0 43.0 31.8

43 Honeywell International Inc. 5381IEEE5381 14419 1496RELX Group37.3 37.3 10.4

44 Rockstar Consortium (Nortel 5356IEEE5356 10174 739OSA-Opt Soc Amer52.6 52.6 7.3

45 Hitachi Ltd 5238IEEE5238 17195 1089ACM-Assoc Comput Mach30.5 30.5 6.3

46 Tessera Technologies Inc. 5222IEEE5222 9402 779RELX Group55.5 55.5 8.3

47 Mitsubishi Electric Corp 5217IEEE5217 10913 809ACM-Assoc Comput Mach47.8 47.8 7.4

48 Blackberry Ltd. 65413GPP General Partnership Project Standards Bo5065 18111 5065IEEE28.0 36.1 28.0

49 Ricoh Co. Ltd. 4956IEEE4956 11036 1723ACM-Assoc Comput Mach44.9 44.9 15.6

50 University of California 5056RELX Group4922 36256 4922IEEE13.6 13.9 13.6

51 Tela Innovations inc 5812SPIE-Int Soc Opt Engineering4904 16338 4904IEEE30.0 35.6 30.0

52 Infineon Technologies AG 4765IEEE4765 8608 715AVS-AIP Am Inst Physics55.4 55.4 8.3

53 Advanced Micro Devices Inc 4735IEEE4735 10534 734ACM-Assoc Comput Mach44.9 44.9 7.0

54 Nippon Telegraph & Telephon 4734IEEE4734 13287 29453GPP General Partnership Project Standards Body35.6 35.6 22.2

55 General Electric Company 4709IEEE4709 21576 3109US Dept of Energy21.8 21.8 14.4

56 Synopsys Inc. 4657IEEE4657 13961 3140SPIE-Int Soc Opt Engineering33.4 33.4 22.5

57 Irobot Corp 4646IEEE4646 8457 1450SPIE-Int Soc Opt Engineering54.9 54.9 17.1

58 Raytheon Co. 4535IEEE4535 9537 527SPIE-Int Soc Opt Engineering47.6 47.6 5.5

59 Canon Inc 4486IEEE4486 16433 1836AVS-AIP Am Inst Physics27.3 27.3 11.2

60 Xerox Corp 4403IEEE4403 16623 2707ACM-Assoc Comput Mach26.5 26.5 16.3

61 Immersion Corp. 4387IEEE4387 11384 1206ACM-Assoc Comput Mach38.5 38.5 10.6

62 Cypress Semiconductor Corp. 4382IEEE4382 6428 430Joint IEEE and ACM68.2 68.2 6.7

63 Adaptix 4290IEEE4290 6339 730European Telecom Standards Institute (ETSI)67.7 67.7 11.5

64 Digimarc Corp. 4093IEEE4093 10217 1230SPIE-Int Soc Opt Engineering40.1 40.1 12.0

65 Fractus SA 4082IEEE4082 7069 1000IET/IEE57.7 57.7 14.1

66 Applied Materials Inc. 3983IEEE3983 16353 3022AVS-AIP Am Inst Physics24.4 24.4 18.5

67 Electronics and Telecommunic 3953IEEE3953 7183 5023GPP General Partnership Project Standards Body55.0 55.0 7.0

68 California Institute of Technol 3913IEEE3913 20846 3234RELX Group18.8 18.8 15.5

69 Verizon Communications Inc 3885IEEE3885 11213 1688Internet Soc/IETF-Internet Eng Task Force34.6 34.6 15.1

70 Sharp Corp 3848IEEE3848 15048 23293GPP General Partnership Project Standards Body25.6 25.6 15.5

71 Xilinx Inc. 3643IEEE3643 5253 552Joint IEEE and ACM69.4 69.4 10.5

72 Huawei Technologies Compan 52963GPP General Partnership Project Standards Bo3565 14769 3565IEEE24.1 35.9 24.1

73 Columbia University 3482IEEE3482 13819 1448AVS-AIP Am Inst Physics25.2 25.2 10.5

74 Cree Inc. 3465IEEE3465 9930 2143AVS-AIP Am Inst Physics34.9 34.9 21.6

75 Adobe Systems Inc. 3384IEEE3384 9066 3069ACM-Assoc Comput Mach37.3 37.3 33.9

76 Murata Manufacturing Co. Lt 3336IEEE3336 4771 180John Wiley & Sons/Wiley-Verlag/Wiley-Liss69.9 69.9 3.8

77 Dexcom Inc 16482RELX Group3292 57614 6032Am Diabetese Assoc5.7 28.6 10.5

78 University of Minnesota (The 3291IEEE3291 6482 654RELX Group50.8 50.8 10.1

79 HRL Laboratories LLC 3261IEEE3261 6284 411AVS-AIP Am Inst Physics51.9 51.9 6.5

80 Boston Scientific Corp. 21381RELX Group3155 62320 5840Lippincott Williams & Wilkins5.1 34.3 9.4



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IEEE

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Science

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%

IEEE

Refs%

Refs

#

Refs

%

Refs


81 Mentor Graphics Corp. 3046IEEE3046 5251 820Joint IEEE and ACM58.0 58.0 15.6

82 Innovative Network Corporati 3017IEEE3017 4984 418IEEE/JPN Soc App Phys60.5 60.5 8.4

83 Industrial Techology Research 3012IEEE3012 5635 420RELX Group53.5 53.5 7.5

84 Chipbond Technology Corp 2941IEEE2941 3552 272RELX Group82.8 82.8 7.7

85 The Invention Science Fund 1 2941IEEE2941 19348 2012RELX Group15.2 15.2 10.4

86 Cirrus Logic Inc. 2928IEEE2928 3670 101Audio Eng Soc79.8 79.8 2.8

87 Sap SE 4474ACM-Assoc Comput Mach2926 12589 2926IEEE23.2 35.5 23.2

88 University of Illinois 4071AVS-AIP Am Inst Physics2916 25619 3617ACS-Am Chem Soc11.4 15.9 14.1

89 Lockheed Martin Corp. 2909IEEE2909 10901 1048RELX Group26.7 26.7 9.6

90 Tabula Inc 2900IEEE2900 7622 2899ACM-Assoc Comput Mach38.0 38.0 38.0

91 Western Digital Corp. 2810IEEE2810 5575 950AVS-AIP Am Inst Physics50.4 50.4 17.0

92 Seagate Technology Plc 2756IEEE2756 6598 1242AVS-AIP Am Inst Physics41.8 41.8 18.8

93 MicroUnity Systems Engineeri 2672IEEE2672 4274 388Joint IEEE and ACM62.5 62.5 9.1

94 Seiko Epson Corporation 2660IEEE2660 7438 640ACM-Assoc Comput Mach35.8 35.8 8.6

95 Abbott Laboratories 21443RELX Group2624 70838 11366ACS-Am Chem Soc3.7 30.3 16.0

96 Technicolor SA 2576IEEE2576 5547 347ISO-International Standards Organization46.4 46.4 6.3

97 Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc 5599RELX Group2519 16228 2519IEEE15.5 34.5 15.5

98 ABB Ltd 2478IEEE2478 4027 202IVI Foundation/SCPI Consortium61.5 61.5 5.0

99 Analog Devices Inc. 2463IEEE2463 3371 121RELX Group73.1 73.1 3.6

100 Harris Corp. 2382IEEE2382 4329 317Internet Soc/IETF-Internet Eng Task Force55.0 55.0 7.3

101 Amberwave Inc 2365IEEE2365 6797 1788AVS-AIP Am Inst Physics34.8 34.8 26.3

102 Boeing Co. (The) 2352IEEE2352 7651 861AIAA-Am Inst Aero Astro30.7 30.7 11.3

103 Fraunhofer Gesellschaft 2308IEEE2308 5138 368RELX Group44.9 44.9 7.2

104 Silicon Laboratories Inc 2288IEEE2288 2902 122Cahners-Denver Pub78.8 78.8 4.2

105 Finisar Corp 2242IEEE2242 5059 740IET/IEE44.3 44.3 14.6

106 DIRECTV Group Inc. (The) 2163IEEE2163 3335 161Elettronica e Telecomunicazioni64.9 64.9 4.8

107 Intuitive Surgical Inc. 2145IEEE2145 4632 491SAGES-Society of American Gastrointestinal and Endoscopic Su46.3 46.3 10.6

108 Microsemi Corp 2094IEEE2094 3152 113Cahners-Denver Pub66.4 66.4 3.6

109 Fairchild Semiconductor Inter 2065IEEE2065 2744 228RELX Group75.3 75.3 8.3

110 Stanford University 2082RELX Group2034 16356 2034IEEE12.4 12.7 12.4

111 Innovative Silicon SA 2033IEEE2033 2515 108RELX Group80.8 80.8 4.3

112 TE Connectivity Ltd 2027IEEE2027 3446 149IET/IEE58.8 58.8 4.3

113 United States Navy 2007IEEE2007 7037 823RELX Group28.5 28.5 11.7

114 INDIVIDUAL PATENTER 1999IEEE1999 12965 1796RELX Group15.4 15.4 13.9

115 PACT XPP TECHNOLOGIE 1958IEEE1958 3441 334ACM-Assoc Comput Mach56.9 56.9 9.7

116 EMC Corp. 2600ACM-Assoc Comput Mach1949 7838 1949IEEE24.9 33.2 24.9

117 BT Group PLC 1948IEEE1948 4205 302ACM-Assoc Comput Mach46.3 46.3 7.2

118 Georgia Institute of Technolog 1948IEEE1948 4981 488RELX Group39.1 39.1 9.8

119 NVIDIA Corp. 1940IEEE1940 5079 1458ACM-Assoc Comput Mach38.2 38.2 28.7

120 Commvault Systems Inc. 1884IEEE1884 2715 416ACM-Assoc Comput Mach69.4 69.4 15.3



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%

IEEE

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#

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%

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121 Qorvo 1884IEEE1884 2528 122AVS-AIP Am Inst Physics74.5 74.5 4.8

122 Pelican Imaging Corporation 1882IEEE1882 4080 800SPIE-Int Soc Opt Engineering46.1 46.1 19.6

123 Netapp Inc 3490ACM-Assoc Comput Mach1824 8459 1824IEEE21.6 41.3 21.6

124 Emerson Electric Co. 1819IEEE1819 6414 688RELX Group28.4 28.4 10.7

125 Cognex Corp. 1807IEEE1807 3949 699RELX Group45.8 45.8 17.7

126 Softbank Corp 1887International Telecommunication Union1782 6904 1782IEEE25.8 27.3 25.8

127 Cascade Microtech Inc. 1780IEEE1780 3262 648Nature Publishing Group54.6 54.6 19.9

128 Rovi Corporation 1759IEEE1759 6480 454ACM-Assoc Comput Mach27.1 27.1 7.0

129 SRI International 1703IEEE1703 4892 462RELX Group34.8 34.8 9.4

130 Intellectual Ventures Manage 1694IEEE1694 3554 528ACM-Assoc Comput Mach47.7 47.7 14.9

131 Bosch (Robert) GmbH 1693IEEE1693 7276 618RELX Group23.3 23.3 8.5

132 Juniper Networks Inc. 1683IEEE1683 4319 810Internet Soc/IETF-Internet Eng Task Force39.0 39.0 18.8

133 Fuji Film Holdings Corp 1666IEEE1666 7469 1097ACM-Assoc Comput Mach22.3 22.3 14.7

134 Interuniversity MicroElectroni 1613IEEE1613 3477 272AVS-AIP Am Inst Physics46.4 46.4 7.8

135 Honda Motor Co. Ltd.(Honda 1605IEEE1605 3650 505RELX Group44.0 44.0 13.8

136 Lenovo Group Ltd 17643GPP General Partnership Project Standards Bo1601 4343 1601IEEE36.9 40.6 36.9

137 Intersil Corp. 1593IEEE1593 2215 148IET/IEE71.9 71.9 6.7

138 Dolby Laboratories Inc 1586IEEE1586 4082 449International Telecommunication Union38.9 38.9 11.0

139 Corning Inc. 1580IEEE1580 5798 1026OSA-Opt Soc Amer27.3 27.3 17.7

140 Comcast Corp 1563IEEE1563 3088 253ACM-Assoc Comput Mach50.6 50.6 8.2

141 Witricity Corp 1556IEEE1556 3061 298AVS-AIP Am Inst Physics50.8 50.8 9.7

142 Total SA 1555IEEE1555 1967 84WIP-Renewable Energies79.1 79.1 4.3

143 University of Texas 1873RELX Group1542 11004 1542IEEE14.0 17.0 14.0

144 Flextronics International LTD 1536IEEE1536 2080 190CBS Interactive73.8 73.8 9.1

145 Texas A&M University 1535IEEE1535 2784 199RELX Group55.1 55.1 7.1

146 University of Michigan 1510IEEE1510 7888 1260RELX Group19.1 19.1 16.0

147 Infinera Corporation 1497IEEE1497 2447 358IET/IEE61.2 61.2 14.6

148 Northrop Grumman Corp 1433IEEE1433 3225 277AVS-AIP Am Inst Physics44.4 44.4 8.6

149 SIPCO LLC 1412IEEE1412 2514 199Internet Soc/IETF-Internet Eng Task Force56.2 56.2 7.9

150 Intertrust Technologies Corp 1701ACM-Assoc Comput Mach1398 9201 1398IEEE15.2 18.5 15.2

151 Eastman Kodak Company 1387IEEE1387 5497 462RELX Group25.2 25.2 8.4

152 L-3 Communications Holdings 1384IEEE1384 1909 95SPIE-Int Soc Opt Engineering72.5 72.5 5.0

153 Accenture Ltd. 1373IEEE1373 4296 853ACM-Assoc Comput Mach32.0 32.0 19.9

154 Nuance Communications Inc 1334IEEE1334 4043 667ACM-Assoc Comput Mach33.0 33.0 16.5

155 Amazon.com Inc. 1951ACM-Assoc Comput Mach1293 6499 1293IEEE19.9 30.0 19.9

156 Deutsche Telekom AG 1288IEEE1288 2491 143ACM-Assoc Comput Mach51.7 51.7 5.7

157 QST Holdings Llc 1282IEEE1282 2167 249Joint IEEE and ACM59.2 59.2 11.5

158 Commscope Inc. 1278IEEE1278 1568 136IET/IEE81.5 81.5 8.7

159 Wisteria Trading Inc 1274IEEE1274 2426 306SPIE-Int Soc Opt Engineering52.5 52.5 12.6

160 Citrix Systems Inc 1252IEEE1252 4113 760ACM-Assoc Comput Mach30.4 30.4 18.5



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Science

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%

IEEE

Refs%

Refs

#

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%

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161 Commissariat A L'Energie Ato 1249IEEE1249 5304 968RELX Group23.5 23.5 18.3

162 Agilent Technologies Inc 1241IEEE1241 3872 406RELX Group32.1 32.1 10.5

163 ZENO SEMICONDUCTOR I 1209IEEE1209 1587 302IEEE/JPN Soc App Phys76.2 76.2 19.0

164 Mediatek Inc. 1207IEEE1207 1730 2623GPP General Partnership Project Standards Body69.8 69.8 15.1

165 Rockwell Automation Inc 1206IEEE1206 1997 153RELX Group60.4 60.4 7.7

166 University of Southern Califor 1203IEEE1203 6837 957ACS-Am Chem Soc17.6 17.6 14.0

167 Orange 1192IEEE1192 2320 133IET/IEE51.4 51.4 5.7

168 PHOENIX SOLUTIONS INC 1191IEEE1191 3541 478ISCA (International Speech Communication Association)33.6 33.6 13.5

169 Kyocera Corp. 1182IEEE1182 2285 2093GPP General Partnership Project Standards Body51.7 51.7 9.1

170 University of Wisconsin 1180IEEE1180 6685 616RELX Group17.7 17.7 9.2

171 Velatia Group 1180IEEE1180 1499 113Echelon Corp78.7 78.7 7.5

172 BAE Systems Plc. 1179IEEE1179 1959 129SPIE-Int Soc Opt Engineering60.2 60.2 6.6

173 Level 3 Communications 1173IEEE1173 3895 813ACM-Assoc Comput Mach30.1 30.1 20.9

174 University of Washington 1114IEEE1114 6448 915RELX Group17.3 17.3 14.2

175 SK Hynix Inc 1104IEEE1104 2034 110IEEE/JPN Soc App Phys54.3 54.3 5.4

176 JDS Uniphase Corp 1092IEEE1092 3238 570AVS-AIP Am Inst Physics33.7 33.7 17.6

177 REARDEN LLC 1053IEEE1053 1250 53OSA-Opt Soc Amer84.2 84.2 4.2

178 WI-Lan Inc 1052IEEE1052 1572 1003GPP General Partnership Project Standards Body66.9 66.9 6.4

179 North American Communicati 1040IEEE1040 3275 591Joint IEEE and ACM31.8 31.8 18.0

180 Schneider Electric S.A. 1040IEEE1040 5815 711I S A-INSTRUM SYS AUTOMATION SOC17.9 17.9 12.2

181 IDC Llc 1039IEEE1039 2746 444SID-Society for Information Display37.8 37.8 16.2

182 National Instruments Corp. 1039IEEE1039 1825 189ACM-Assoc Comput Mach56.9 56.9 10.4

183 Extreme Networks Inc 1038IEEE1038 2169 249ACM-Assoc Comput Mach47.9 47.9 11.5

184 Arm Holdings Plc 1036IEEE1036 1756 267Joint IEEE and ACM59.0 59.0 15.2

185 SRC Computers Inc. 1016IEEE1016 1148 41ACM-Assoc Comput Mach88.5 88.5 3.6

186 Michigan State University 2093OSA-Opt Soc Amer1013 10358 1518AVS-AIP Am Inst Physics9.8 20.2 14.7

187 Imagination Technologies Gro 984IEEE984 2930 664ACM-Assoc Comput Mach33.6 33.6 22.7

188 Johnson & Johnson 6976RELX Group974 27342 3139Lippincott Williams & Wilkins3.6 25.5 11.5

189 TDK Corporation 961IEEE961 2965 657AVS-AIP Am Inst Physics32.4 32.4 22.2

190 Avaya Inc 935IEEE935 3491 565Network Working Group RFC26.8 26.8 16.2

191 Silicon Graphics International 930IEEE930 2518 717ACM-Assoc Comput Mach36.9 36.9 28.5

192 Maxim Integrated Products Inc 919IEEE919 1099 18Texas Instruments83.6 83.6 1.6

193 Pioneer Corp. 909IEEE909 1812 288SPIE-Int Soc Opt Engineering50.2 50.2 15.9

194 Hong Kong University of Scie 903IEEE903 1707 204AVS-AIP Am Inst Physics52.9 52.9 12.0

195 General Motors Corp 900IEEE900 3090 744RELX Group29.1 29.1 24.1

196 United States Army 896IEEE896 3739 391RELX Group24.0 24.0 10.5

197 Smith & Nephew Plc. 2480RELX Group889 10152 1193Lippincott Williams & Wilkins8.8 24.4 11.8

198 SYNQOR INC 876IEEE876 1005 45Penton Media87.2 87.2 4.5

199 Purdue University 1023RELX Group875 5766 875IEEE15.2 17.7 15.2

200 St. Jude Medical Inc. 4322RELX Group867 17517 2751Lippincott Williams & Wilkins4.9 24.7 15.7



#

IEEE

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Total

Science

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%

IEEE

Refs%

Refs

#

Refs

%

Refs


201 Thales 864IEEE864 1628 104RELX Group53.1 53.1 6.4

202 MAGNACOM LTD 859IEEE859 910 51Alcatel-Lucent94.4 94.4 5.6

203 Global Foundries Inc 851IEEE851 1929 173AVS-AIP Am Inst Physics44.1 44.1 9.0

204 Washington University in St. L 845IEEE845 3666 522RELX Group23.0 23.0 14.2

205 Arizona State University 839IEEE839 2714 382RELX Group30.9 30.9 14.1

206 3M Co 1389RELX Group806 9503 905ACS-Am Chem Soc8.5 14.6 9.5

207 Transphorm Inc 804IEEE804 1652 281AVS-AIP Am Inst Physics48.7 48.7 17.0

208 YFY Inc 4740SID-Society for Information Display803 8957 803IEEE9.0 52.9 9.0

209 Midtronics Inc. 790IEEE790 1827 342RELX Group43.2 43.2 18.7

210 Toyota Motor Corp 787IEEE787 2546 511RELX Group30.9 30.9 20.1

211 Agency for Science Technolog 777IEEE777 2035 260RELX Group38.2 38.2 12.8

212 eBay Inc 761IEEE761 4675 582ACM-Assoc Comput Mach16.3 16.3 12.4

213 Carnegie Mellon University 760IEEE760 2843 310RELX Group26.7 26.7 10.9

214 Walt Disney Co. 1703ACM-Assoc Comput Mach752 3405 752IEEE22.1 50.0 22.1

215 Round Rock Research LLC 750IEEE750 2345 344RELX Group32.0 32.0 14.7

216 Verance Corp 748IEEE748 1398 197SPIE-Int Soc Opt Engineering53.5 53.5 14.1

217 Solarflare Communications In 3057ACM-Assoc Comput Mach747 5232 1028Joint IEEE and ACM14.3 58.4 19.6

218 ARRIS Group Inc 742IEEE742 1661 116International Telecommunication Union44.7 44.7 7.0

219 Masimo Corp 740IEEE740 1767 178Lippincott Williams & Wilkins41.9 41.9 10.1

220 Synergy Microwave Corp 737IEEE737 882 66HORIZON HOUSE PUBLICATIONS INC83.6 83.6 7.5

221 Teledyne Technologies Incorp 737IEEE737 1512 149SPIE-Int Soc Opt Engineering48.7 48.7 9.9

222 Cornell University 736IEEE736 4151 528RELX Group17.7 17.7 12.7

223 Ruckus Wireless Inc 733IEEE733 980 64Hitachi Ltd74.8 74.8 6.5

224 Magna International Inc. 727IEEE727 1955 221SAE-Society of Automobile Engineers37.2 37.2 11.3

225 Hoya Corp 726IEEE726 1796 344AVS-AIP Am Inst Physics40.4 40.4 19.2

226 Brocade Communciation Syste 720IEEE720 2077 339Internet Soc/IETF-Internet Eng Task Force34.7 34.7 16.3

227 Illumina Inc. 717IEEE717 4001 542RELX Group17.9 17.9 13.5

228 HTC Corporation 11843GPP General Partnership Project Standards Bo715 2395 715IEEE29.9 49.4 29.9

229 Math Works Inc (The) 714IEEE714 1593 340ACM-Assoc Comput Mach44.8 44.8 21.3

230 INTOUCH TECHNOLOGIE 713IEEE713 1589 117RELX Group44.9 44.9 7.4

231 Dell Inc 709IEEE709 2275 606ACM-Assoc Comput Mach31.2 31.2 26.6

232 Symantec Corp. 807ACM-Assoc Comput Mach706 3116 706IEEE22.7 25.9 22.7

233 Yahoo Inc 1534ACM-Assoc Comput Mach700 4968 700IEEE14.1 30.9 14.1

234 Schlumberger Ltd. 2240Society of Petroleum Engineers696 9530 1712soc of Exploration Geophysists7.3 23.5 18.0

235 Avid Technology Inc. 695IEEE695 1691 616ACM-Assoc Comput Mach41.1 41.1 36.4

236 MULTI-TECH SYSTEMS IN 691IEEE691 1088 81International Telecommunication Union63.5 63.5 7.4

237 General Dynamics Corp 690IEEE690 1849 248Am Physical Soc37.3 37.3 13.4

238 Rockwell Collins Inc. 689IEEE689 1291 78RELX Group53.4 53.4 6.0

239 Silverbrook Pty Ltd 679IEEE679 1929 440Springer/Sp. Wien/Springer-Verlag/Kluwer35.2 35.2 22.8

240 Technion - Israel Institute of T 679IEEE679 1546 149RELX Group43.9 43.9 9.6



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Science

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%

IEEE

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Refs

#

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%

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241 New Jersey Institute of Techno 675IEEE675 1492 182RELX Group45.2 45.2 12.2

242 TRILLIANT NETWORKS I 670IEEE670 1042 77Internet Soc/IETF-Internet Eng Task Force64.3 64.3 7.4

243 University of South Florida 670IEEE670 2844 416RELX Group23.6 23.6 14.6

244 Battelle Memorial Institute 832RELX Group668 4163 668IEEE16.0 20.0 16.0

245 CA Inc 666IEEE666 1753 316ACM-Assoc Comput Mach38.0 38.0 18.0

246 RPX Corp 660IEEE660 1998 298Internet Soc/IETF-Internet Eng Task Force33.0 33.0 14.9

247 Conexant Systems Inc. 654IEEE654 1005 49International Telecommunication Union65.1 65.1 4.9

248 SOLAREDGE TECHNOLO 650IEEE650 814 116WIP-Renewable Energies79.9 79.9 14.3

249 Voxer Llc 641IEEE641 993 75Internet Soc/IETF-Internet Eng Task Force64.6 64.6 7.6

250 Nikon Corp. 1632SPIE-Int Soc Opt Engineering640 4024 646SEMATECH Consortium15.9 40.6 16.1

251 Sanken Electric Co. Ltd. 638IEEE638 878 136RELX Group72.7 72.7 15.5

252 Ciena Corp 637IEEE637 1289 237OSA-Opt Soc Amer49.4 49.4 18.4

253 Viasat 637IEEE637 1015 42RELX Group62.8 62.8 4.1

254 Lam Research Corp. 816AVS-AIP Am Inst Physics633 3319 633IEEE19.1 24.6 19.1

255 COMMISSARIAT A L'ENER 631IEEE631 2158 394RELX Group29.2 29.2 18.3

256 Oki Electric Industry Co. Ltd. 620IEEE620 1412 161IEICE-Inst Elec Info Comm Eng43.9 43.9 11.4

257 Sulvolta Inc 620IEEE620 1299 200AVS-AIP Am Inst Physics47.7 47.7 15.4

258 Xtera Communications Inc. 618IEEE618 1516 358IET/IEE40.8 40.8 23.6

259 IP RESERVOIR LLC 617IEEE617 1265 244ACM-Assoc Comput Mach48.8 48.8 19.3

260 Power Integrations Inc. 616IEEE616 932 68Penton Media66.1 66.1 7.3

261 Princeton University 1040AVS-AIP Am Inst Physics614 5001 632ACS-Am Chem Soc12.3 20.8 12.6

262 University of Florida 614IEEE614 2810 486RELX Group21.9 21.9 17.3

263 BTG Plc. 612IEEE612 2079 278RELX Group29.4 29.4 13.4

264 Sumitomo Electric Industries 612IEEE612 3426 475AVS-AIP Am Inst Physics17.9 17.9 13.9

265 Facebookl Inc 693ACM-Assoc Comput Mach611 2460 611IEEE24.8 28.2 24.8

266 Coriant 607IEEE607 1236 180Internet Soc/IETF-Internet Eng Task Force49.1 49.1 14.6

267 Advantest Corp. 606IEEE606 838 34AVS-AIP Am Inst Physics72.3 72.3 4.1

268 Cleveland Clinic (and Foundat 717RELX Group605 3228 605IEEE18.7 22.2 18.7

269 Aisin Seiki Co. Ltd. 1482OSA-Opt Soc Amer603 3734 603IEEE16.1 39.7 16.1

270 REALTIME DATA LLC 602IEEE602 2281 379Network Working Group RFC26.4 26.4 16.6

271 Mellanox Technologies Ltd 594IEEE594 1363 287IET/IEE43.6 43.6 21.1

272 Micro Focus International PL 593IEEE593 1658 422ACM-Assoc Comput Mach35.8 35.8 25.5

273 Lawrence Livermore National 591IEEE591 2268 368RELX Group26.1 26.1 16.2

274 JPMorgan 1081Source Media585 5499 585IEEE10.6 19.7 10.6

275 NOMADIX INC 582IEEE582 2281 391Network Working Group RFC25.5 25.5 17.1

276 Cheetah Omni LLC 581IEEE581 1847 445OSA-Opt Soc Amer31.5 31.5 24.1

277 Microchip Technology Inc. 581IEEE581 765 50IEEE/JPN Soc App Phys75.9 75.9 6.5

278 Airbus Group SAS 578IEEE578 1431 164RELX Group40.4 40.4 11.5

279 LibertyMedia 575IEEE575 858 1493GPP General Partnership Project Standards Body67.0 67.0 17.4

280 Ignis Innovation Inc 574IEEE574 774 84SID-Society for Information Display74.2 74.2 10.9



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Science

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%

IEEE

Refs%

Refs

#

Refs

%

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281 Danaher Corp. 691RELX Group572 3978 572IEEE14.4 17.4 14.4

282 Screen Holdings Co Ltd (Form 567IEEE567 2113 313RELX Group26.8 26.8 14.8

283 Nantero Inc 2798ACS-Am Chem Soc566 9329 1741AVS-AIP Am Inst Physics6.1 30.0 18.7

284 ASM International N.V. 1271RELX Group555 5323 1112AVS-AIP Am Inst Physics10.4 23.9 20.9

285 Emcore Corp. 555IEEE555 1121 144AVS-AIP Am Inst Physics49.5 49.5 12.8

286 NCR Corp. 553IEEE553 1738 358ACM-Assoc Comput Mach31.8 31.8 20.6

287 Virgin Islands Microsystems 548IEEE548 2251 418AVS-AIP Am Inst Physics24.3 24.3 18.6

288 Crossbar Inc 542IEEE542 2130 304RELX Group25.4 25.4 14.3

289 Charles Stark Draper Laborato 540IEEE540 1756 252RELX Group30.8 30.8 14.4

290 Nintendo Co. Ltd. 726ACM-Assoc Comput Mach540 2779 540IEEE19.4 26.1 19.4

291 CREATIVE KINGDOMS LL 537IEEE537 1601 437ACM-Assoc Comput Mach33.5 33.5 27.3

292 Knowles Corp 537IEEE537 1141 152RELX Group47.1 47.1 13.3

293 Duke University 536IEEE536 3254 473RELX Group16.5 16.5 14.5

294 ViXS Systems Inc 536IEEE536 845 95SPIE-Int Soc Opt Engineering63.4 63.4 11.2

295 Johns Hopkins University 557RELX Group519 3496 519IEEE14.8 15.9 14.8

296 Pulse Link Inc 516IEEE516 630 24Sci American Inc81.9 81.9 3.8

297 Qinetiq Group Ltd 513IEEE513 1422 130RELX Group36.1 36.1 9.1

298 ASML Holding NV 3692SPIE-Int Soc Opt Engineering512 10840 2310AVS-AIP Am Inst Physics4.7 34.1 21.3

299 State University of New York 509IEEE509 2915 424RELX Group17.5 17.5 14.5

300 GUIDED THERAPY SYSTE 504IEEE504 1311 207RELX Group38.4 38.4 15.8

301 Aptina Imaging Corp 499IEEE499 842 77SPIE-Int Soc Opt Engineering59.3 59.3 9.1

302 Headwater Partners 1 LLC 499IEEE499 1108 2273GPP General Partnership Project Standards Body45.0 45.0 20.5

303 The Nielsen Co BV 740RELX Group496 4035 496IEEE12.3 18.3 12.3

304 BANDSPEED INC 494IEEE494 754 188Bluetooth Special Interest Group65.5 65.5 24.9

305 EXEGY INC 494IEEE494 978 173ACM-Assoc Comput Mach50.5 50.5 17.7

306 Furukawa Electric Co. Ltd. 494IEEE494 1732 407OSA-Opt Soc Amer28.5 28.5 23.5

307 University of North Carolina 493IEEE493 2425 344RELX Group20.3 20.3 14.2

308 Lightsmyth Technologies Inc 491IEEE491 1012 234OSA-Opt Soc Amer48.5 48.5 23.1

309 University of Pennsylvania 931RELX Group491 5706 518John Wiley & Sons/Wiley-Verlag/Wiley-Liss8.6 16.3 9.1

310 Skyhook Wireless Inc 487IEEE487 931 93ACM-Assoc Comput Mach52.3 52.3 10.0

311 The National Aeronautical and 487IEEE487 2225 193RELX Group21.9 21.9 8.7

312 Via Technologies Inc. 486IEEE486 1022 137Joint IEEE and ACM47.6 47.6 13.4

313 Medispectra Inc 482IEEE482 1273 269RELX Group37.9 37.9 21.1

314 Fortinet Inc 478IEEE478 812 83ACM-Assoc Comput Mach58.9 58.9 10.2

315 Safran S.A. 478IEEE478 1353 117RELX Group35.3 35.3 8.6

316 Soitec SA 476IEEE476 1831 409AVS-AIP Am Inst Physics26.0 26.0 22.3

317 University of Nebraska 476IEEE476 2244 345RELX Group21.2 21.2 15.4

318 Denso Corp 472IEEE472 1116 105RELX Group42.3 42.3 9.4

319 National Chiao Tung Universi 472IEEE472 881 88AVS-AIP Am Inst Physics53.6 53.6 10.0

320 Oewaves Inc 536OSA-Opt Soc Amer469 1390 469IEEE33.7 38.6 33.7



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IEEE

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IEEE

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%

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321 Northwestern University 589RELX Group467 4263 548ACS-Am Chem Soc11.0 13.8 12.9

322 Sensable Technologies Inc 467IEEE467 978 250ACM-Assoc Comput Mach47.8 47.8 25.6

323 United Technologies Corp 467IEEE467 1714 187RELX Group27.2 27.2 10.9

324 North Carolina State Universit 748AVS-AIP Am Inst Physics463 3489 580RELX Group13.3 21.4 16.6

325 Oclaro Inc 461IEEE461 1153 265OSA-Opt Soc Amer40.0 40.0 23.0

326 CIRREX SYSTEMS LLC 459IEEE459 1321 208OSA-Opt Soc Amer34.7 34.7 15.7

327 Lightsquared Company 457IEEE457 834 135Springer/Sp. Wien/Springer-Verlag/Kluwer54.8 54.8 16.2

328 On Semiconductor Corporatio 454IEEE454 608 27SPIE-Int Soc Opt Engineering74.7 74.7 4.4

329 MEVION MEDICAL SYSTE 451IEEE451 1574 337RELX Group28.7 28.7 21.4

330 Caterpillar Inc. 450IEEE450 1179 156SAE-Society of Automobile Engineers38.2 38.2 13.2

331 Olympus Corp. 449IEEE449 2344 430RELX Group19.2 19.2 18.3

332 KLA-Tencor Corp. 1558SPIE-Int Soc Opt Engineering445 5203 803AVS-AIP Am Inst Physics8.6 29.9 15.4

333 ALOFT MEDIA LLC 443IEEE443 647 1053GPP General Partnership Project Standards Body68.5 68.5 16.2

334 Ford Motor Co. 441IEEE441 1636 383SAE-Society of Automobile Engineers27.0 27.0 23.4

335 NUMENTA INC 755Numenta Inc.440 2119 440IEEE20.8 35.6 20.8

336 Tel Aviv Univiversity 440IEEE440 1734 295RELX Group25.4 25.4 17.0

337 ST-Ericsson SA (Patents split 438IEEE438 616 673GPP General Partnership Project Standards Body71.1 71.1 10.9

338 Zebra Technologies Corp. 436IEEE436 997 66OSA-Opt Soc Amer43.7 43.7 6.6

339 Stryker Corp. 814RELX Group435 4285 517Lippincott Williams & Wilkins10.2 19.0 12.1

340 Tokyo Electron Limited 493RELX Group434 3327 434IEEE13.0 14.8 13.0

341 University of Colorado ( The 763OSA-Opt Soc Amer434 2791 434IEEE15.5 27.3 15.5

342 SAIC Inc 563SPIE-Int Soc Opt Engineering427 2593 427IEEE16.5 21.7 16.5

343 ICOSYSTEM CORP 426IEEE426 559 33RELX Group76.2 76.2 5.9

344 Korea Advanced Institute for S 426IEEE426 1065 94RELX Group40.0 40.0 8.8

345 University of Maryland 429RELX Group426 2678 426IEEE15.9 16.0 15.9

346 University of Central Florida 425IEEE425 2049 262OSA-Opt Soc Amer20.7 20.7 12.8

347 MicroStrategy Inc. 424IEEE424 1592 277ACM-Assoc Comput Mach26.6 26.6 17.4

348 Linear Technology Corp. 421IEEE421 1079 407Cahners-Denver Pub39.0 39.0 37.7

349 DENSBITS TECHNOLOGIE 414IEEE414 767 60RELX Group54.0 54.0 7.8

350 Prysmian SPA 412IEEE412 1223 260OSA-Opt Soc Amer33.7 33.7 21.3

351 IPCO LLC 411IEEE411 729 54ACM-Assoc Comput Mach56.4 56.4 7.4

352 United States of America Depa 411IEEE411 1541 212AVS-AIP Am Inst Physics26.7 26.7 13.8

353 ACACIA MEDIA TECHNOL 410IEEE410 722 66ACM-Assoc Comput Mach56.8 56.8 9.1

354 Tangis Corp 407IEEE407 596 105ACM-Assoc Comput Mach68.3 68.3 17.6

355 Ygomi LLC 407IEEE407 443 15SPIE-Int Soc Opt Engineering91.9 91.9 3.4

356 ITT Corp 405IEEE405 859 63Internet Soc/IETF-Internet Eng Task Force47.1 47.1 7.3

357 Assa Abloy AB 404IEEE404 2670 402International Association for Cryptologic Research (IACR)15.1 15.1 15.1

358 Coherent Inc. 527OSA-Opt Soc Amer403 2582 484AVS-AIP Am Inst Physics15.6 20.4 18.7

359 Unisantis Electronics Ltd 403IEEE403 469 33RELX Group85.9 85.9 7.0

360 CenturyLink Inc 402IEEE402 939 132International Telecommunication Union42.8 42.8 14.1



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IEEE

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%

IEEE

Refs%

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#

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%

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361 Centre National De La Recher 1112RELX Group399 4023 399IEEE9.9 27.6 9.9

362 Harvard University 1036ACS-Am Chem Soc398 6764 784Nature Publishing Group5.9 15.3 11.6

363 F5 Networks Inc 397IEEE397 2048 329ACM-Assoc Comput Mach19.4 19.4 16.1

364 Melrose Industries PLC 396IEEE396 470 18Joint IEEE and ACM84.3 84.3 3.8

365 Realtek Semiconductor Corp. 393IEEE393 474 14Springer/Springer Wien/Springer-Verlag/Kluwer82.9 82.9 3.0

366 M/A-COM Technology Soluti 391IEEE391 660 53International Telecommunication Union59.2 59.2 8.0

367 MOJO MOBILITY INC 391IEEE391 514 42RELX Group76.1 76.1 8.2

368 Synaptics Inc. 391IEEE391 848 85ACM-Assoc Comput Mach46.1 46.1 10.0

369 AVISTAR COMMUNICATI 390IEEE390 758 228ACM-Assoc Comput Mach51.5 51.5 30.1

370 Spectrum Dynamics Llc 389IEEE389 1185 116John Wiley & Sons/Wiley-Verlag/Wiley-Liss32.8 32.8 9.8

371 Eaton Corp. 387IEEE387 559 25RELX Group69.2 69.2 4.5

372 Lattice Semiconductor Corp. 387IEEE387 573 34Joint IEEE and ACM67.5 67.5 5.9

373 Sotera Wireless 384IEEE384 778 157Springer/Sp. Wien/Springer-Verlag/Kluwer49.4 49.4 20.2

374 BIOCONTROL MEDICAL L 383IEEE383 1399 225Lippincott Williams & Wilkins27.4 27.4 16.1

375 Vestas Wind Systems A/S 383IEEE383 789 98AWEA-American Wind Energy Association48.5 48.5 12.4

376 YANICKLO TECHNOLOG 852ACM-Assoc Comput Mach383 2155 383IEEE17.8 39.5 17.8

377 ECOLE DE TECHNOLOGIE 380IEEE380 575 523GPP General Partnership Project Standards Body66.1 66.1 9.0

378 Atmel Corp. 379IEEE379 645 54ACM-Assoc Comput Mach58.8 58.8 8.4

379 United Microelectronics Corp 377IEEE377 715 76IEEE/JPN Soc App Phys52.7 52.7 10.6

380 ON-RAMP WIRELESS INC 375IEEE375 518 38IET/IEE72.4 72.4 7.3

381 Delphi Automotive Plc 373IEEE373 795 104RELX Group46.9 46.9 13.1

382 ACORN TECHNOLOGIES I 371IEEE371 1095 242AVS-AIP Am Inst Physics33.9 33.9 22.1

383 Teradyne Inc. 370IEEE370 718 91ASME-Am Soc Mech Eng51.5 51.5 12.7

384 Halliburton Co. (Holding) 3133Society of Petroleum Engineers365 7529 606SPWLA-Society of Petrophysicists and Well Log Analysts4.8 41.6 8.0

385 Atos SE 361IEEE361 836 91Internet Soc/IETF-Internet Eng Task Force43.2 43.2 10.9

386 BIOSENSORS INTERNATI 361IEEE361 1309 186Soc Nucl Med27.6 27.6 14.2

387 Sigma Corp 359IEEE359 476 69SPIE-Int Soc Opt Engineering75.4 75.4 14.5

388 Avalanche Technology Inc 482AVS-AIP Am Inst Physics357 1577 357IEEE22.6 30.6 22.6

389 Sorin SPA 1632RELX Group356 5939 799Blackwell Futura6.0 27.5 13.5

390 Johnson Controls Inc 353IEEE353 1105 204RELX Group31.9 31.9 18.5

391 MC10 INC 677AVS-AIP Am Inst Physics351 4015 614ACS-Am Chem Soc8.7 16.9 15.3

392 National Taiwan University 351IEEE351 555 37AVS-AIP Am Inst Physics63.2 63.2 6.7

393 Pennsylvania State University 473RELX Group348 2684 348IEEE13.0 17.6 13.0

394 University of Pittsburgh 495RELX Group348 2580 348IEEE13.5 19.2 13.5

395 Communications Research Ce 345IEEE345 544 43IET/IEE63.4 63.4 7.9

396 MIRAMAR LABS INC 344IEEE344 958 118IOP Publishing35.9 35.9 12.3

397 COLLABORATION PROPE 343IEEE343 480 70ACM-Assoc Comput Mach71.5 71.5 14.6

398 Cray Inc 520ACM-Assoc Comput Mach342 1344 342IEEE25.4 38.7 25.4

399 Fuji Electric Holdings Co. Ltd. 342IEEE342 674 82AVS-AIP Am Inst Physics50.7 50.7 12.2

400 Japan Science and Technology 948AVS-AIP Am Inst Physics341 3504 510RELX Group9.7 27.1 14.6



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IEEE

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Science

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%

IEEE

Refs%

Refs

#

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%

Refs


401 TRACBEAM LLC 341IEEE341 714 106ACM-Assoc Comput Mach47.8 47.8 14.8

402 Omnivision Technologies Inc 340IEEE340 943 280OSA-Opt Soc Amer36.1 36.1 29.7

403 TELECOMMUNICATIONS 340IEEE340 475 41IET/IEE71.6 71.6 8.6

404 Telecom Italia SPA 339IEEE339 877 1363GPP General Partnership Project Standards Body38.7 38.7 15.5

405 University of Connecticut 338IEEE338 1449 209RELX Group23.3 23.3 14.4

406 Council of Scientific and Indus 335IEEE335 785 105RELX Group42.7 42.7 13.4

407 Hexagon AB 335IEEE335 994 116ACM-Assoc Comput Mach33.7 33.7 11.7

408 RONALD A KATZ TECHN 332IEEE332 2178 222International Data Group15.2 15.2 10.2

409 Ohio State University 406RELX Group330 1991 330IEEE16.6 20.4 16.6

410 Unisys Corp. 330IEEE330 727 170ACM-Assoc Comput Mach45.4 45.4 23.4

411 CBF NETWORKS INC 329IEEE329 489 28IET/IEE67.3 67.3 5.7

412 Aerospace Corp. 328IEEE328 837 130RELX Group39.2 39.2 15.5

413 Harman International Industrie 326IEEE326 658 150Audio Eng Soc49.5 49.5 22.8

414 United States Air Force 324IEEE324 1117 141AVS-AIP Am Inst Physics29.0 29.0 12.6

415 Fluidigm Corp 356ACS-Am Chem Soc323 2437 352RELX Group13.3 14.6 14.4

416 EchoStar Corp 322IEEE322 632 56RELX Group50.9 50.9 8.9

417 Polycom Inc. 322IEEE322 508 55International Telecommunication Union63.4 63.4 10.8

418 Searete LLC 322IEEE322 1948 159AVS-AIP Am Inst Physics16.5 16.5 8.2

419 Rohm Co. Ltd. 849AVS-AIP Am Inst Physics320 3024 433RELX Group10.6 28.1 14.3

420 TROXLER ELECTRONIC L 320IEEE320 711 173AMER SOC TESTING MATERIALS45.0 45.0 24.3

421 ZENA TECHNOLOGIES IN 319IEEE319 1467 296ACS-Am Chem Soc21.7 21.7 20.2

422 Schweitzer Engineering Labor 318IEEE318 376 11RELX Group84.6 84.6 2.9

423 SercoNet Ltd 317IEEE317 608 41INTERTEC PUBL CORP PRIMEDIA CO52.1 52.1 6.7

424 Leonhard Kurz Stiftung & Co 325AVS-AIP Am Inst Physics316 1363 316IEEE23.2 23.8 23.2

425 Autodesk Inc. 1273ACM-Assoc Comput Mach311 2138 311IEEE14.5 59.5 14.5

426 ZTE Corp. 8493GPP General Partnership Project Standards Bo311 1450 311IEEE21.4 58.6 21.4

427 Proteus Biomedical Inc 310IEEE310 1440 284RELX Group21.5 21.5 19.7

428 IWALK INC 308IEEE308 931 218RELX Group33.1 33.1 23.4

429 Lexmark International Inc. 308IEEE308 881 116ACM-Assoc Comput Mach35.0 35.0 13.2

430 Exar Corp. 307IEEE307 395 25Joint IEEE and ACM77.7 77.7 6.3

431 Logitech International SA 306IEEE306 626 142ACM-Assoc Comput Mach48.9 48.9 22.7

432 University of New Mexico 304IEEE304 1484 163AVS-AIP Am Inst Physics20.5 20.5 11.0

433 VIVAQUANT LLC 302IEEE302 589 83RELX Group51.3 51.3 14.1

434 Skyworks Solutions Inc 299IEEE299 418 14AVS-AIP Am Inst Physics71.5 71.5 3.3

435 Catholic University Leuven 298IEEE298 717 85AVS-AIP Am Inst Physics41.6 41.6 11.9

436 University of Utah 296IEEE296 1834 240RELX Group16.1 16.1 13.1

437 UT-Battelle LLC 417RELX Group295 2558 388AVS-AIP Am Inst Physics11.5 16.3 15.2

438 VerintSys 1304International Data Group294 4278 795ACM-Assoc Comput Mach6.9 30.5 18.6

439 VIRNETX INC 3982Network Working Group RFC292 7541 1402Internet Soc/IETF-Internet Eng Task Force3.9 52.8 18.6

440 DIGITAL VOICE SYSTEMS 289IEEE289 307 12RELX Group94.1 94.1 3.9



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IEEE

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Science

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%

IEEE

Refs%

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#

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%

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441 PerkinElmer Inc. 1063ACS-Am Chem Soc289 4127 660RELX Group7.0 25.8 16.0

442 National University of Singap 288IEEE288 959 98RELX Group30.0 30.0 10.2

443 Tilera Corp 288IEEE288 627 204Joint IEEE and ACM45.9 45.9 32.5

444 Virginia Tech University 288IEEE288 1169 158RELX Group24.6 24.6 13.5

445 Vanderbilt University 448RELX Group287 2465 287IEEE11.6 18.2 11.6

446 William Marsh Rice Universit 287IEEE287 1874 234ACS-Am Chem Soc15.3 15.3 12.5

447 Fitbit Inc 286IEEE286 782 118CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS36.6 36.6 15.1

448 NUVOTRONICS LLC 285IEEE285 342 21AVS-AIP Am Inst Physics83.3 83.3 6.1

449 Iowa State University 284IEEE284 1304 170ACS-Am Chem Soc21.8 21.8 13.0

450 Asahi Kasei Corp. 856RELX Group283 3321 543Lippincott Williams & Wilkins8.5 25.8 16.4

451 Silicon Genesis Corporation 317RELX Group282 1421 295AVS-AIP Am Inst Physics19.8 22.3 20.8

452 Red Hat Inc 280IEEE280 929 260ACM-Assoc Comput Mach30.1 30.1 28.0

453 EICES RESEARCH INC 278IEEE278 443 523GPP General Partnership Project Standards Body62.8 62.8 11.7

454 Promos Technologies Inc. 276IEEE276 369 69IEEE/JPN Soc App Phys74.8 74.8 18.7

455 ROY-G-BIV CORP 275IEEE275 943 198ISO-International Standards Organization29.2 29.2 21.0

456 Tensorcomm Inc 275IEEE275 312 13IET/IEE88.1 88.1 4.2

457 Duchossois Industries Inc. 274IEEE274 778 120International Association for Cryptologic Research (IACR)35.2 35.2 15.4

458 X ONE INC 274IEEE274 703 126ACM-Assoc Comput Mach39.0 39.0 17.9

459 Adaptive Spectrum & Signal 273IEEE273 524 176ANSI-American National Standards Institute52.1 52.1 33.6

460 AMPT LLC 271IEEE271 372 31RELX Group72.8 72.8 8.3

461 CRESTCOM INC 271IEEE271 306 9HORIZON HOUSE PUBLICATIONS INC88.6 88.6 2.9

462 Tigo Energy Inc 271IEEE271 422 113WIP-Renewable Energies64.2 64.2 26.8

463 Cleversafe Inc 2737Internet Soc/IETF-Internet Eng Task Force269 3953 690ACM-Assoc Comput Mach6.8 69.2 17.5

464 VASCULAR IMAGING CO 269IEEE269 548 160IET/IEE49.1 49.1 29.2

465 Enablence Technologies Inc 267IEEE267 587 59IET/IEE45.5 45.5 10.1

466 INLINE CONNECTION CO 267IEEE267 403 35INTERTEC PUBL CORP PRIMEDIA CO66.3 66.3 8.7

467 National Institute of Informati 267IEEE267 726 137IEICE-Inst Elec Info Comm Eng36.8 36.8 18.9

468 KT Corp. 265IEEE265 415 443GPP General Partnership Project Standards Body63.9 63.9 10.6

469 Carl-Zeiss Stiftung 1290SPIE-Int Soc Opt Engineering264 5805 990OSA-Opt Soc Amer4.5 22.2 17.1

470 TELEBUYER LLC 264IEEE264 761 66IFIP - International Federation for Information Processing34.7 34.7 8.7

471 MegaChips Corp 263IEEE263 412 41MRS-Materials Research Soc63.8 63.8 10.0

472 Xcerra Corp 260IEEE260 500 74AVS-AIP Am Inst Physics52.0 52.0 14.8

473 New York University 297OSA-Opt Soc Amer259 2251 259IEEE11.5 13.2 11.5

474 Hillcrest Laboratories 258IEEE258 502 69ACM-Assoc Comput Mach51.4 51.4 13.7

475 Airbiquity Inc 257IEEE257 384 543GPP General Partnership Project Standards Body66.9 66.9 14.1

476 CLINICAL DECISION SUPP 301RELX Group257 1206 257IEEE21.3 25.0 21.3

477 Concormis Inc 1126Lippincott Williams & Wilkins255 7929 1100RELX Group3.2 14.2 13.9

478 Vishay Intertechnology Inc. 255IEEE255 410 28RELX Group62.2 62.2 6.8

479 BRAIN CORP 254IEEE254 1118 226MIT/MIT Press22.7 22.7 20.2

480 Vicor Corp 254IEEE254 360 45Center for Power Electronics Systems (Virginia Tech)70.6 70.6 12.5



#

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Science

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%

IEEE

Refs%

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#

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%

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481 Amkor Technology Inc. 253IEEE253 594 91Penton Media42.6 42.6 15.3

482 PTS Corporation 253IEEE253 450 43OSA-Opt Soc Amer56.2 56.2 9.6

483 National University of Ireland 252IEEE252 542 51RELX Group46.5 46.5 9.4

484 BRAINGATE CO LLC 251IEEE251 663 101RELX Group37.9 37.9 15.2

485 Fujikara Ltd. 250IEEE250 841 174OSA-Opt Soc Amer29.7 29.7 20.7

486 KONA MEDICAL INC 460RELX Group250 1650 250IEEE15.2 27.9 15.2

487 Brown University Research Fo 348AVS-AIP Am Inst Physics249 1652 249IEEE15.1 21.1 15.1

488 Jiangsu ChangJiang Electronic 249IEEE249 332 42International Microelectronics And Packaging Society75.0 75.0 12.7

489 Novartis AG 905RELX Group249 3931 279OSA-Opt Soc Amer6.3 23.0 7.1

490 Ecole Polytechnique Federale 248IEEE248 995 91RELX Group24.9 24.9 9.1

491 Baker Hughes Inc. 648Society of Petroleum Engineers246 2310 301soc of Exploration Geophysists10.6 28.1 13.0

492 Cubic Wafer Inc 245IEEE245 372 70SPIE-Int Soc Opt Engineering65.9 65.9 18.8

493 Dassault Systemes SA 608RELX Group245 2746 456ACS-Am Chem Soc8.9 22.1 16.6

494 Alacritech Inc 243IEEE243 523 113United Business Media/UBM Tech46.5 46.5 21.6

495 Alstom 243IEEE243 480 61ASME-Am Soc Mech Eng50.6 50.6 12.7

496 Bonutti Technologies LLC 313Lippincott Williams & Wilkins243 1448 243IEEE16.8 21.6 16.8

497 United States Health & Huma 606RELX Group243 3066 315John Wiley & Sons/Wiley-Verlag/Wiley-Liss7.9 19.8 10.3

498 Infosys Ltd 242IEEE242 593 133ACM-Assoc Comput Mach40.8 40.8 22.4

499 Rutgers University 241IEEE241 1067 189RELX Group22.6 22.6 17.7

500 BEHAVIORAL RECOGNITI 240IEEE240 278 30International Association for Pattern Recognition (IAPR)86.3 86.3 10.8



# IEEE Refs

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% IEEE Refs

% Refs

# Refs

% Refs

Appendix B: Top 100 Organizations That Cite IEEE; (1997-2015 Patents by Category)

Broadcasting1 Personalized Media Commun 13472Soc Motion Picture TV Eng Inc7264 43133 7264IEEE16.8 31.2 16.8



4 Qualcomm Inc 2377IEEE2377 6735 1640International Telecommunication Union35.3 35.3 24.4




8 Avago Technologies Ltd 1643IEEE1643 2531 143ACM-Assoc Comput Mach64.9 64.9 5.6

9 Apple Inc 1510IEEE1510 3656 476ISO/IEC41.3 41.3 13.0


11 Rovi Corporation 1406IEEE1406 5424 364National Cable & Telecommunications Association25.9 25.9 6.7

12 Panasonic Corporation 1302IEEE1302 4302 1127International Telecommunication Union30.3 30.3 26.2

13 LG Electronics Inc. 1260IEEE1260 5112 1249ISO-International Standards Organization24.6 24.6 24.4

14 Technicolor SA 1201IEEE1201 2988 318ISO/IEC40.2 40.2 10.6

15 Sharp Corp 1168IEEE1168 3109 393International Telecommunication Union37.6 37.6 12.6

16 Samsung Electronics Co Ltd 1094IEEE1094 2584 358International Telecommunication Union42.3 42.3 13.9

17 Fraunhofer Gesellschaft 883IEEE883 1907 233MPEG.org46.3 46.3 12.2



20 Canon Inc 690IEEE690 1633 107SPIE-Int Soc Opt Engineering42.3 42.3 6.6




24 International Business Machi 631IEEE631 1291 164ACM-Assoc Comput Mach48.9 48.9 12.7


26 California Institute of Techno 564IEEE564 859 95SPIE-Int Soc Opt Engineering65.7 65.7 11.1

27 Dolby Laboratories Inc 552IEEE552 1920 420International Telecommunication Union28.8 28.8 21.9

28 Intel Corporation 511IEEE511 1095 943GPP General Partnership Project Standards Body46.7 46.7 8.6


30 AT&T Inc 470IEEE470 1427 178ISO/IEC32.9 32.9 12.5


32 ACACIA MEDIA TECHNO 410IEEE410 722 66ACM-Assoc Comput Mach56.8 56.8 9.1

33 Koninklijke Philips N.V. 409IEEE409 827 68SPIE-Int Soc Opt Engineering49.5 49.5 8.2

34 Xerox Corp 373IEEE373 1014 123SPIE-Int Soc Opt Engineering36.8 36.8 12.1

35 InterDigital Inc 367IEEE367 753 3503GPP General Partnership Project Standards Body48.7 48.7 46.5

36 Toshiba Corp 364IEEE364 978 175International Telecommunication Union37.2 37.2 17.9

37 Massachusetts Institute of Te 332IEEE332 584 57ACM-Assoc Comput Mach56.8 56.8 9.8


39 Blackberry Ltd. 325IEEE325 672 1313GPP General Partnership Project Standards Body48.4 48.4 19.5

Monday, May 16, 2016 B-1Copyright (c) 2016, 1790 Analytics, LLC


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% IEEE Refs

% Refs

# Refs

% Refs


40 Columbia University 303IEEE303 542 55ACM-Assoc Comput Mach55.9 55.9 10.1

41 Nippon Telegraph & Telepho 300IEEE300 779 94International Telecommunication Union38.5 38.5 12.1

42 ARRIS Group Inc 298IEEE298 697 39ISO/IEC42.8 42.8 5.6

43 ViXS Systems Inc 298IEEE298 471 55SPIE-Int Soc Opt Engineering63.3 63.3 11.7



46 Hitachi Ltd 279IEEE279 854 87ISO-International Standards Organization32.7 32.7 10.2

47 Verance Corp 267IEEE267 487 68SPIE-Int Soc Opt Engineering54.8 54.8 14.0


49 Eastman Kodak Company 262IEEE262 768 74SPIE-Int Soc Opt Engineering34.1 34.1 9.6

50 NEC Corp 261IEEE261 505 39IEICE-Inst Elec Info Comm Eng51.7 51.7 7.7

51 Huawei Technologies Compa 262International Telecommunication Union248 836 248IEEE29.7 31.3 29.7

52 CONVERGENT MEDIA SO 246ACM-Assoc Comput Mach240 919 240IEEE26.1 26.8 26.1

53 Marvell Technology Group Lt 230IEEE230 294 8SPIE-Int Soc Opt Engineering78.2 78.2 2.7

54 Micron Technology Inc. 229IEEE229 393 47SPIE-Int Soc Opt Engineering58.3 58.3 12.0

55 Sigma Corp 229IEEE229 289 40SPIE-Int Soc Opt Engineering79.2 79.2 13.8


57 BT Group PLC 223IEEE223 410 37RELX Group54.4 54.4 9.0

58 Aptina Imaging Corp 220IEEE220 298 25SPIE-Int Soc Opt Engineering73.8 73.8 8.4

59 Honeywell International Inc. 218IEEE218 507 62SPIE-Int Soc Opt Engineering43.0 43.0 12.2

60 Industrial Techology Researc 211IEEE211 335 30SPIE-Int Soc Opt Engineering63.0 63.0 9.0

61 Texas Instruments Inc 211IEEE211 476 120International Telecommunication Union44.3 44.3 25.2


63 Electronics and Telecommuni 201IEEE201 424 36International Telecommunication Union47.4 47.4 8.5




67 Logitech International SA 182IEEE182 369 106ACM-Assoc Comput Mach49.3 49.3 28.7

68 EchoStar Corp 181IEEE181 351 36RELX Group51.6 51.6 10.3

69 Omnivision Technologies Inc 181IEEE181 319 59SPIE-Int Soc Opt Engineering56.7 56.7 18.5

70 BE HERE CORP 173IEEE173 493 59ACM-Assoc Comput Mach35.1 35.1 12.0

71 Nant Holdings IP Llc 217ACM-Assoc Comput Mach173 695 179Joint IEEE and ACM24.9 31.2 25.8


73 NVIDIA Corp. 166IEEE166 383 62RELX Group43.3 43.3 16.2

74 INTERVAL LICENSING LL 163IEEE163 341 24ACM-Assoc Comput Mach47.8 47.8 7.0

75 ECOLE DE TECHNOLOGIE 151IEEE151 265 383GPP General Partnership Project Standards Body57.0 57.0 14.3

76 TE Connectivity Ltd 150IEEE150 239 16National Cable & Telecommunications Association62.8 62.8 6.7

77 The Nielsen Co BV 150IEEE150 800 109RELX Group18.8 18.8 13.6

78 Fujitsu Limited 148IEEE148 443 53ISO-International Standards Organization33.4 33.4 12.0

79 ObjectVideo Inc 148IEEE148 219 11ACM-Assoc Comput Mach67.6 67.6 5.0

80 University of California 146IEEE146 265 30ACM-Assoc Comput Mach55.1 55.1 11.3



# IEEE Refs

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82 IMAX Corp 140IEEE140 305 79SPIE-Int Soc Opt Engineering45.9 45.9 25.9

83 EUCLID DISCOVERIES LL 135IEEE135 274 70RELX Group49.3 49.3 25.5

84 Motorola Solutions Inc. 135IEEE135 217 203GPP General Partnership Project Standards Body62.2 62.2 9.2

85 University of Minnesota (The 135IEEE135 177 10SPIE-Int Soc Opt Engineering76.3 76.3 5.6


87 Stanford University 133IEEE133 341 92ACM-Assoc Comput Mach39.0 39.0 27.0

88 PERSONALIZED MEDIA P 206Soc Motion Picture TV Eng Inc129 657 129IEEE19.6 31.4 19.6


90 TELEBUYER LLC 127IEEE127 388 35SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC32.7 32.7 9.0

91 Advanced Micro Devices Inc 126IEEE126 275 29ISO-International Standards Organization45.8 45.8 10.5

92 TiVo Inc 122IEEE122 353 88ISO-International Standards Organization34.6 34.6 24.9

93 NXP Semiconductors NV 121IEEE121 211 25International Telecommunication Union57.3 57.3 11.8

94 OL2 INC 121IEEE121 183 18RELX Group66.1 66.1 9.8

95 Mediatek Inc. 120IEEE120 172 30International Telecommunication Union69.8 69.8 17.4

96 Semiconductor Energy Labor 443SID-Society for Information Display120 1263 149AVS-AIP Am Inst Physics9.5 35.1 11.8

97 COLLABORATION PROPE 119IEEE119 167 24ACM-Assoc Comput Mach71.3 71.3 14.4

98 Orange 119IEEE119 184 11RELX Group64.7 64.7 6.0

99 Lexmark International Inc. 118IEEE118 372 63ACM-Assoc Comput Mach31.7 31.7 16.9

100 CLEARPLAY INC 258ACM-Assoc Comput Mach114 392 114IEEE29.1 65.8 29.1



# IEEE Refs

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% IEEE Refs

% Refs

# Refs

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2 Microsoft Corporation 15073ACM-Assoc Comput Mach10384 41019 10384IEEE25.3 36.7 25.3



5 Apple Inc 5346ACM-Assoc Comput Mach4249 15469 4249IEEE27.5 34.6 27.5







12 Qualcomm Inc 2279IEEE2279 5702 426SID-Society for Information Display40.0 40.0 7.5

13 Samsung Electronics Co Ltd 2040IEEE2040 5475 912SID-Society for Information Display37.3 37.3 16.7

14 Google Inc. 2748ACM-Assoc Comput Mach1997 8169 1997IEEE24.4 33.6 24.4

15 Nokia Corp 1948IEEE1948 4766 670ACM-Assoc Comput Mach40.9 40.9 14.1

16 Canon Inc 1911IEEE1911 5046 505RELX Group37.9 37.9 10.0

17 Fujitsu Limited 1786IEEE1786 4530 526ACM-Assoc Comput Mach39.4 39.4 11.6

18 MicroUnity Systems Enginee 1726IEEE1726 2765 247Joint IEEE and ACM62.4 62.4 8.9

19 Panasonic Corporation 1696IEEE1696 4066 268International Telecommunication Union41.7 41.7 6.6

20 Personalized Media Commun 2756Soc Motion Picture TV Eng Inc1426 8866 1426IEEE16.1 31.1 16.1

21 NEC Corp 1349IEEE1349 3019 322ACM-Assoc Comput Mach44.7 44.7 10.7

22 Rambus Inc. 1346IEEE1346 1918 87IEEE/JPN Soc App Phys70.2 70.2 4.5


24 Seiko Epson Corporation 1345IEEE1345 3658 496Joint IEEE and ACM36.8 36.8 13.6

25 Synopsys Inc. 1292IEEE1292 3220 779Joint IEEE and ACM40.1 40.1 24.2

26 Advanced Micro Devices Inc 1270IEEE1270 3546 432Joint IEEE and ACM35.8 35.8 12.2


28 Toshiba Corp 1217IEEE1217 2832 225ACM-Assoc Comput Mach43.0 43.0 7.9

29 Micron Technology Inc. 1185IEEE1185 2203 168ACM-Assoc Comput Mach53.8 53.8 7.6


31 Texas Instruments Inc 1144IEEE1144 2102 137Joint IEEE and ACM54.4 54.4 6.5


33 PACT XPP TECHNOLOGIE 1037IEEE1037 1800 174Joint IEEE and ACM57.6 57.6 9.7

34 STMicroelectronics 1024IEEE1024 1793 95ACM-Assoc Comput Mach57.1 57.1 5.3





39 Motorola Solutions Inc. 953IEEE953 1510 128ACM-Assoc Comput Mach63.1 63.1 8.5



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% IEEE Refs

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40 Xerox Corp 1066ACM-Assoc Comput Mach951 4050 951IEEE23.5 26.3 23.5


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44 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft 773IEEE773 1939 236ACM-Assoc Comput Mach39.9 39.9 12.2

45 Marvell Technology Group Lt 771IEEE771 1042 35ACM-Assoc Comput Mach74.0 74.0 3.4


47 Blackberry Ltd. 764IEEE764 1992 257ACM-Assoc Comput Mach38.4 38.4 12.9

48 Adobe Systems Inc. 1117ACM-Assoc Comput Mach747 2600 747IEEE28.7 43.0 28.7



51 Sharp Corp 698IEEE698 2639 498SID-Society for Information Display26.4 26.4 18.9


53 Imagination Technologies Gr 683IEEE683 2050 419ACM-Assoc Comput Mach33.3 33.3 20.4

54 LG Electronics Inc. 660IEEE660 2094 328Audio Eng Soc31.5 31.5 15.7




58 Massachusetts Institute of Te 591IEEE591 1545 222ACM-Assoc Comput Mach38.3 38.3 14.4

59 Silverbrook Pty Ltd 581IEEE581 1468 290RELX Group39.6 39.6 19.8

60 Conversant Intellectual Prope 578IEEE578 807 52Joint IEEE and ACM71.6 71.6 6.4





65 University of California 542IEEE542 2799 374RELX Group19.4 19.4 13.4

66 CREATIVE KINGDOMS LL 537IEEE537 1600 437ACM-Assoc Comput Mach33.6 33.6 27.3

67 IP RESERVOIR LLC 516IEEE516 1068 205ACM-Assoc Comput Mach48.3 48.3 19.2

68 Texas A&M University 515IEEE515 592 13Am Physical Soc87.0 87.0 2.2

69 General Electric Company 512IEEE512 1336 121RELX Group38.3 38.3 9.1


71 NXP Semiconductors NV 499IEEE499 885 145Joint IEEE and ACM56.4 56.4 16.4

72 Tela Innovations inc 494IEEE494 1317 346Joint IEEE and ACM37.5 37.5 26.3


74 Ignis Innovation Inc 480IEEE480 641 62SID-Society for Information Display74.9 74.9 9.7


76 Raytheon Co. 465IEEE465 1111 88ACM-Assoc Comput Mach41.9 41.9 7.9

77 SRI International 458IEEE458 923 65ACM-Assoc Comput Mach49.6 49.6 7.0


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81 Washington University in St. 414IEEE414 848 108ACM-Assoc Comput Mach48.8 48.8 12.7

82 EXEGY INC 406IEEE406 798 141ACM-Assoc Comput Mach50.9 50.9 17.7

83 North American Communicat 499Joint IEEE and ACM406 1306 406IEEE31.1 38.2 31.1

84 Verizon Communications Inc 379IEEE379 1443 267ACM-Assoc Comput Mach26.3 26.3 18.5



87 SanDisk Corp. 362IEEE362 964 99ACM-Assoc Comput Mach37.6 37.6 10.3

88 Symantec Corp. 359IEEE359 1529 348ACM-Assoc Comput Mach23.5 23.5 22.8

89 Lenovo Group Ltd 356IEEE356 688 79ACM-Assoc Comput Mach51.7 51.7 11.5

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91 Applied Materials Inc. 350IEEE350 589 40RELX Group59.4 59.4 6.8

92 Electronics and Telecommuni 349IEEE349 757 89ACM-Assoc Comput Mach46.1 46.1 11.8

93 Dell Inc 348IEEE348 864 151ACM-Assoc Comput Mach40.3 40.3 17.5




97 INDIVIDUAL PATENTER 338IEEE338 1784 220ACM-Assoc Comput Mach18.9 18.9 12.3

98 CA Inc 334IEEE334 823 150ACM-Assoc Comput Mach40.6 40.6 18.2


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% IEEE Refs

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# Refs

% Refs


Computer Software1 Microsoft Corporation 21727IEEE21727 65471 18073ACM-Assoc Comput Mach33.2 33.2 27.6













14 Qualcomm Inc 1814IEEE1814 3774 235RELX Group48.1 48.1 6.2



17 Avago Technologies Ltd 1691IEEE1691 2998 426Joint IEEE and ACM56.4 56.4 14.2




21 Cognex Corp. 1471IEEE1471 3329 652RELX Group44.2 44.2 19.6







28 PHOENIX SOLUTIONS INC 1057IEEE1057 3113 422ISCA (International Speech Communication Association)34.0 34.0 13.6


30 Blackberry Ltd. 1039IEEE1039 2805 247ACM-Assoc Comput Mach37.0 37.0 8.8



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36 LG Electronics Inc. 888IEEE888 1842 139Audio Eng Soc48.2 48.2 7.5

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% IEEE Refs

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51 BT Group PLC 656IEEE656 1337 112RELX Group49.1 49.1 8.4

52 Ericsson 654IEEE654 1899 225Internet Soc/IETF-Internet Eng Task Force34.4 34.4 11.8


54 Eastman Kodak Company 642IEEE642 1451 158RELX Group44.2 44.2 10.9

55 eBay Inc 601IEEE601 3781 429ACM-Assoc Comput Mach15.9 15.9 11.3

56 Advanced Micro Devices Inc 600IEEE600 1289 217ACM-Assoc Comput Mach46.5 46.5 16.8

57 Sharp Corp 583IEEE583 1244 126ACM-Assoc Comput Mach46.9 46.9 10.1



60 Boeing Co. (The) 551IEEE551 1572 207RELX Group35.1 35.1 13.2


62 Massachusetts Institute of Te 515IEEE515 2190 246RELX Group23.5 23.5 11.2



65 Level 3 Communications 624ACM-Assoc Comput Mach499 2118 499IEEE23.6 29.5 23.6


67 Toshiba Corp 492IEEE492 1256 143ACM-Assoc Comput Mach39.2 39.2 11.4

68 Silicon Graphics Internationa 488IEEE488 1540 454ACM-Assoc Comput Mach31.7 31.7 29.5



71 Samsung Electronics Co Ltd 473IEEE473 1117 120ACM-Assoc Comput Mach42.3 42.3 10.7




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83 Bosch (Robert) GmbH 384IEEE384 3083 279Springer/Sp. Wien/Springer-Verlag/Kluwer12.5 12.5 9.0

84 JPMorgan 909Source Media381 4200 419ACS-Am Chem Soc9.1 21.6 10.0

85 Netapp Inc 1329ACM-Assoc Comput Mach381 2778 512The USENIX Association13.7 47.8 18.4

86 INDIVIDUAL PATENTER 373IEEE373 1559 224ACM-Assoc Comput Mach23.9 23.9 14.4


88 Fraunhofer Gesellschaft 363IEEE363 840 143Audio Eng Soc43.2 43.2 17.0

89 PACT XPP TECHNOLOGIE 361IEEE361 633 65Joint IEEE and ACM57.0 57.0 10.3

90 Tabula Inc 356IEEE356 985 340ACM-Assoc Comput Mach36.1 36.1 34.5

91 Facebookl Inc 449ACM-Assoc Comput Mach354 1533 354IEEE23.1 29.3 23.1

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97 YANICKLO TECHNOLOG 673ACM-Assoc Comput Mach306 1705 306IEEE17.9 39.5 17.9


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% IEEE Refs

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3 Boston Scientific Corp. 21298RELX Group3032 61855 5803Lippincott Williams & Wilkins4.9 34.4 9.4


5 The Invention Science Fund 1555IEEE1555 10233 1218RELX Group15.2 15.2 11.9



8 Partners HealthCare Systems 3893OSA-Opt Soc Amer1124 14763 2433RELX Group7.6 26.4 16.5

9 Massachusetts Institute of Te 1104RELX Group927 4659 927IEEE19.9 23.7 19.9


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15 Masimo Corp 720IEEE720 1707 177Lippincott Williams & Wilkins42.2 42.2 10.4

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13 Apple Inc 1220IEEE1220 1874 105Joint IEEE and ACM65.1 65.1 5.6

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78 Texas A&M University 83IEEE83 104 6RELX Group79.8 79.8 5.8

79 OPTICAL DEVICES LLC 82IEEE82 165 27RELX Group49.7 49.7 16.4

80 Cleversafe Inc 770Internet Soc/IETF-Internet Eng Task Force81 1122 198ACM-Assoc Comput Mach7.2 68.6 17.6



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81 Motorola Solutions Inc. 81IEEE81 136 7ACM-Assoc Comput Mach59.6 59.6 5.1


83 Interuniversity MicroElectron 75IEEE75 117 7Joint IEEE and ACM64.1 64.1 6.0

84 Waratek 74IEEE74 195 54ACM-Assoc Comput Mach37.9 37.9 27.7

85 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft 72IEEE72 142 24AVS-AIP Am Inst Physics50.7 50.7 16.9

86 Kilopass Technologies Inc 70IEEE70 70 100.0 100.0

87 Monolithic System Technolo 70IEEE70 93 8SLDRAM Consortium75.3 75.3 8.6

88 The Invention Science Fund 68IEEE68 209 38MIT/MIT Press32.5 32.5 18.2

89 BLUERISC INC 62IEEE62 180 50Joint IEEE and ACM34.4 34.4 27.8

90 Commissariat A L'Energie At 62IEEE62 169 31AVS-AIP Am Inst Physics36.7 36.7 18.3

91 Honeywell International Inc. 62IEEE62 97 9Springer/Sp. Wien/Springer-Verlag/Kluwer63.9 63.9 9.3

92 INVOICE TECHNOLOGY I 60IEEE60 65 5AVS-AIP Am Inst Physics92.3 92.3 7.7

93 Cadence Design Systems Inc 58IEEE58 96 20Penton Media60.4 60.4 20.8

94 Fuji Electric Holdings Co. Lt 58IEEE58 145 34AVS-AIP Am Inst Physics40.0 40.0 23.4

95 Hutchinson Technology Inc. 58IEEE58 191 39RELX Group30.4 30.4 20.4

96 Silicon Graphics Internationa 58IEEE58 106 25ACM-Assoc Comput Mach54.7 54.7 23.6

97 Seiko Epson Corporation 68IEEE/JPN Soc App Phys57 147 57IEEE38.8 46.3 38.8


99 BAE Systems Plc. 49IEEE49 51 1Joint IEEE and ACM96.1 96.1 2.0

100 Intersil Corp. 49IEEE49 58 6Springer/Sp. Wien/Springer-Verlag/Kluwer84.5 84.5 10.3



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% IEEE Refs

% Refs

# Refs

% Refs


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3 Cascade Microtech Inc. 1771IEEE1771 3242 642Nature Publishing Group54.6 54.6 19.8








11 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft 731IEEE731 2612 476John Wiley & Sons/Wiley-Verlag/Wiley-Liss28.0 28.0 18.2

12 General Electric Company 796John Wiley & Sons/Wiley-Verlag/Wiley-Liss708 4905 761US Dept of Energy14.4 16.2 15.5



15 Illumina Inc. 664IEEE664 2949 477Royal Society of Chemistry22.5 22.5 16.2

16 California Institute of Techno 775RELX Group613 5304 613IEEE11.6 14.6 11.6

17 Intel Corporation 567IEEE567 1328 89RELX Group42.7 42.7 6.7

18 ABB Ltd 566IEEE566 853 52RELX Group66.4 66.4 6.1

19 Avago Technologies Ltd 539IEEE539 822 44Joint IEEE and ACM65.6 65.6 5.4

20 Midtronics Inc. 516IEEE516 1164 225RELX Group44.3 44.3 19.3


22 Qualcomm Inc 504IEEE504 1148 1953GPP General Partnership Project Standards Body43.9 43.9 17.0

23 Sanken Electric Co. Ltd. 490IEEE490 662 117RELX Group74.0 74.0 17.7


25 University of Illinois 729AVS-AIP Am Inst Physics476 4906 725RELX Group9.7 14.9 14.8



28 Schlumberger Ltd. 1445soc of Exploration Geophysists402 5987 1034Society of Petroleum Engineers6.7 24.1 17.3




32 Stanford University 380IEEE380 2720 369OSA-Opt Soc Amer14.0 14.0 13.6

33 Agilent Technologies Inc 374IEEE374 1326 179RELX Group28.2 28.2 13.5

34 Hewlett-Packard Co 374IEEE374 1410 130SPIE-Int Soc Opt Engineering26.5 26.5 9.2


36 Marvell Technology Group Lt 358IEEE358 407 11Bluetooth Special Interest Group88.0 88.0 2.7

37 Koninklijke Philips N.V. 379John Wiley & Sons/Wiley-Verlag/Wiley-Liss345 1748 345IEEE19.7 21.7 19.7


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# Refs

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41 NEC Corp 331IEEE331 730 41IEICE-Inst Elec Info Comm Eng45.3 45.3 5.6


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46 Infineon Technologies AG 309IEEE309 472 49RELX Group65.5 65.5 10.4


48 Micron Technology Inc. 304IEEE304 563 38AVS-AIP Am Inst Physics54.0 54.0 6.7

49 University of Texas 332RELX Group303 2173 303IEEE13.9 15.3 13.9

50 Advanced Micro Devices Inc 293IEEE293 647 69SPIE-Int Soc Opt Engineering45.3 45.3 10.7

51 University of California 869RELX Group289 5673 824ACS-Am Chem Soc5.1 15.3 14.5

52 Georgia Institute of Technolo 288IEEE288 930 123OSA-Opt Soc Amer31.0 31.0 13.2


54 Panasonic Corporation 273IEEE273 947 201RELX Group28.8 28.8 21.2

55 Cisco Systems Inc. 388Internet Soc/IETF-Internet Eng Task Force272 1237 272IEEE22.0 31.4 22.0

56 United States Navy 258IEEE258 1615 243RELX Group16.0 16.0 15.0

57 Fujitsu Limited 245IEEE245 521 31Internet Soc/IETF-Internet Eng Task Force47.0 47.0 6.0



60 Nintendo Co. Ltd. 238IEEE238 778 164ACM-Assoc Comput Mach30.6 30.6 21.1





65 General Motors Corp 227IEEE227 452 42SAE-Society of Automobile Engineers50.2 50.2 9.3

66 Schweitzer Engineering Labo 226IEEE226 257 9RELX Group87.9 87.9 3.5



69 Toshiba Corp 240John Wiley & Sons/Wiley-Verlag/Wiley-Liss223 1009 223IEEE22.1 23.8 22.1

70 Teradyne Inc. 220IEEE220 482 78ASME-Am Soc Mech Eng45.6 45.6 16.2


72 Xerox Corp 219IEEE219 815 81RELX Group26.9 26.9 9.9

73 Immersion Corp. 215IEEE215 483 42ASME-Am Soc Mech Eng44.5 44.5 8.7

74 University of Southern Califo 215IEEE215 494 35ACS-Am Chem Soc43.5 43.5 7.1


76 TROXLER ELECTRONIC L 211IEEE211 482 122AMER SOC TESTING MATERIALS43.8 43.8 25.3

77 Fluidigm Corp 234ACS-Am Chem Soc209 1410 209IEEE14.8 16.6 14.8

78 Sony Corp 197IEEE197 465 36RELX Group42.4 42.4 7.7

79 AT&T Inc 196IEEE196 444 56Internet Soc/IETF-Internet Eng Task Force44.1 44.1 12.6

80 Xcerra Corp 187IEEE187 328 43AVS-AIP Am Inst Physics57.0 57.0 13.1



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% Refs

# Refs

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84 Motorola Solutions Inc. 182IEEE182 531 73ACS-Am Chem Soc34.3 34.3 13.7


86 Battelle Memorial Institute 215RELX Group178 933 178IEEE19.1 23.0 19.1

87 Taiwan Semiconductor Manu 178IEEE178 264 19AVS-AIP Am Inst Physics67.4 67.4 7.2

88 FARO Technologies Inc. 176IEEE176 534 117SPIE-Int Soc Opt Engineering33.0 33.0 21.9



91 KLA-Tencor Corp. 706SPIE-Int Soc Opt Engineering174 2920 536OSA-Opt Soc Amer6.0 24.2 18.4


93 Teledyne Technologies Incor 168IEEE168 323 15RELX Group52.0 52.0 4.6

94 NANONEXUS INC 164IEEE164 236 21AVS-AIP Am Inst Physics69.5 69.5 8.9

95 Commissariat A L'Energie At 156IEEE156 651 147RELX Group24.0 24.0 22.6

96 Halliburton Co. (Holding) 1349Society of Petroleum Engineers156 3517 589SPWLA-Society of Petrophysicists and Well Log Analysts4.4 38.4 16.7

97 Purdue University 212RELX Group156 1103 185ACS-Am Chem Soc14.1 19.2 16.8

98 Industrial Techology Researc 153IEEE153 438 80RELX Group34.9 34.9 18.3

99 ICOSYSTEM CORP 150IEEE150 190 10IET/IEE78.9 78.9 5.3

100 Oracle Corporation 146IEEE146 322 373GPP General Partnership Project Standards Body45.3 45.3 11.5



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# Refs

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2 Infinera Corporation 1344IEEE1344 2123 345IET/IEE63.3 63.3 16.3


4 Nokia Corp 726IEEE726 2407 407OSA-Opt Soc Amer30.2 30.2 16.9

5 Corning Inc. 675OSA-Opt Soc Amer656 2906 656IEEE22.6 23.2 22.6

6 IDC Llc 642IEEE642 1685 272SID-Society for Information Display38.1 38.1 16.1

7 Hoya Corp 595IEEE595 1318 262AVS-AIP Am Inst Physics45.1 45.1 19.9

8 Massachusetts Institute of Te 589IEEE589 2609 397OSA-Opt Soc Amer22.6 22.6 15.2

9 Nikon Corp. 1436SPIE-Int Soc Opt Engineering484 3228 640SEMATECH Consortium15.0 44.5 19.8

10 Ericsson 532OSA-Opt Soc Amer483 1436 483IEEE33.6 37.0 33.6

11 Lightsmyth Technologies Inc 462IEEE462 951 219OSA-Opt Soc Amer48.6 48.6 23.0

12 Mellanox Technologies Ltd 445IEEE445 1029 262IET/IEE43.2 43.2 25.5

13 Synopsys Inc. 1444SPIE-Int Soc Opt Engineering439 3068 462INST PURE APPLIED PHYSICS14.3 47.1 15.1

14 Intel Corporation 398IEEE398 1016 170SPIE-Int Soc Opt Engineering39.2 39.2 16.7

15 YFY Inc 2239SID-Society for Information Display396 4227 396IEEE9.4 53.0 9.4

16 The Invention Science Fund 394IEEE394 1641 228Am Physical Soc24.0 24.0 13.9

17 Screen Holdings Co Ltd (For 374IEEE374 1381 215RELX Group27.1 27.1 15.6

18 Cheetah Omni LLC 337IEEE337 1133 274OSA-Opt Soc Amer29.7 29.7 24.2

19 JDS Uniphase Corp 323IEEE323 961 195OSA-Opt Soc Amer33.6 33.6 20.3

20 Stanford University 322OSA-Opt Soc Amer296 1557 296IEEE19.0 20.7 19.0

21 Prysmian SPA 292IEEE292 880 204OSA-Opt Soc Amer33.2 33.2 23.2

22 Google Inc. 291IEEE291 630 61RELX Group46.2 46.2 9.7

23 3M Co 579OSA-Opt Soc Amer274 3664 341RELX Group7.5 15.8 9.3

24 Finisar Corp 249IEEE249 652 102SPIE-Int Soc Opt Engineering38.2 38.2 15.6

25 International Business Machi 446SPIE-Int Soc Opt Engineering242 1746 242IEEE13.9 25.5 13.9


27 University of California 232IEEE232 1323 171OSA-Opt Soc Amer17.5 17.5 12.9

28 STEYPHI SERVICES DE LL 231IEEE231 459 104OSA-Opt Soc Amer50.3 50.3 22.7

29 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft 228IEEE228 546 43Springer/Springer Wien/Springer-Verlag/Kluwer41.8 41.8 7.9

30 Fujitsu Limited 225IEEE225 935 144OSA-Opt Soc Amer24.1 24.1 15.4


32 United States of America De 215IEEE215 662 131IET/IEE32.5 32.5 19.8

33 Electronics and Telecommuni 196IEEE196 394 41IET/IEE49.7 49.7 10.4

34 California Institute of Techno 434OSA-Opt Soc Amer189 1362 189IEEE13.9 31.9 13.9

35 Nippon Telegraph & Telepho 189IEEE189 619 111IET/IEE30.5 30.5 17.9

36 CIRREX SYSTEMS LLC 185IEEE185 545 79OSA-Opt Soc Amer33.9 33.9 14.5

37 Sumitomo Electric Industries 240OSA-Opt Soc Amer182 963 182IEEE18.9 24.9 18.9

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39 Hewlett-Packard Co 175IEEE175 854 102OSA-Opt Soc Amer20.5 20.5 11.9



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# Refs

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42 OMNIGUIDE COMMUNIC 168IEEE168 489 95OSA-Opt Soc Amer34.4 34.4 19.4

43 University of Colorado ( The 479OSA-Opt Soc Amer160 1300 160IEEE12.3 36.8 12.3

44 LIGHTCHIP INC 159IEEE159 467 93OSA-Opt Soc Amer34.0 34.0 19.9


46 Emcore Corp. 144IEEE144 163 8IET/IEE88.3 88.3 4.9

47 Georgia Institute of Technolo 144IEEE144 417 79OSA-Opt Soc Amer34.5 34.5 18.9


49 Honeywell International Inc. 141IEEE141 561 96SPIE-Int Soc Opt Engineering25.1 25.1 17.1

50 Lockheed Martin Corp. 254OSA-Opt Soc Amer141 823 141IEEE17.1 30.9 17.1

51 Tessera Technologies Inc. 138IEEE138 300 86OSA-Opt Soc Amer46.0 46.0 28.7

52 Xerox Corp 225ACS-Am Chem Soc135 1198 154RELX Group11.3 18.8 12.9


54 ASML Holding NV 2191SPIE-Int Soc Opt Engineering125 6141 1146AVS-AIP Am Inst Physics2.0 35.7 18.7

55 Cubic Wafer Inc 125IEEE125 223 42SPIE-Int Soc Opt Engineering56.1 56.1 18.8

56 PTS Corporation 125IEEE125 232 34OSA-Opt Soc Amer53.9 53.9 14.7

57 University of Texas 155AVS-AIP Am Inst Physics123 933 123IEEE13.2 16.6 13.2

58 KOTUSA INC 118IEEE118 236 51IET/IEE50.0 50.0 21.6

59 VASCULAR IMAGING CO 116IEEE116 240 70IET/IEE48.3 48.3 29.2

60 Koninklijke Philips N.V. 184SPIE-Int Soc Opt Engineering115 630 115IEEE18.3 29.2 18.3

61 Calient Technologies Inc. 111IEEE111 179 27OSA-Opt Soc Amer62.0 62.0 15.1

62 TE Connectivity Ltd 111IEEE111 221 31IWCS Inc.50.2 50.2 14.0

63 Canon Inc 249SPIE-Int Soc Opt Engineering109 1562 211AVS-AIP Am Inst Physics7.0 15.9 13.5

64 Neophotonics Corporation 106IEEE106 281 49OSA-Opt Soc Amer37.7 37.7 17.4


66 Panasonic Corporation 114SPIE-Int Soc Opt Engineering100 612 100IEEE16.3 18.6 16.3

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68 Applied Materials Inc. 111SPIE-Int Soc Opt Engineering97 497 97IEEE19.5 22.3 19.5

69 Eastman Kodak Company 154ACS-Am Chem Soc97 1207 131SPIE-Int Soc Opt Engineering8.0 12.8 10.9

70 Mitsubishi Electric Corp 96IEEE96 298 51SPIE-Int Soc Opt Engineering32.2 32.2 17.1

71 Motorola Solutions Inc. 93AVS-AIP Am Inst Physics91 346 91IEEE26.3 26.9 26.3

72 Fujikara Ltd. 142OSA-Opt Soc Amer89 494 103IEICE-Inst Elec Info Comm Eng18.0 28.7 20.9

73 Northrop Grumman Corp 86IEEE86 270 63OSA-Opt Soc Amer31.9 31.9 23.3

74 OMM INC 86IEEE86 194 43SPIE-Int Soc Opt Engineering44.3 44.3 22.2

75 NANOOPTO CORP 115AVS-AIP Am Inst Physics84 327 84IEEE25.7 35.2 25.7

76 Oewaves Inc 100OSA-Opt Soc Amer83 253 83IEEE32.8 39.5 32.8

77 Columbia University 93ACS-Am Chem Soc81 373 81IEEE21.7 24.9 21.7


79 Oclaro Inc 74IEEE74 239 54OSA-Opt Soc Amer31.0 31.0 22.6

80 Extreme Networks Inc 72IEEE72 156 22ACM-Assoc Comput Mach46.2 46.2 14.1



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81 United States Navy 72IEEE72 385 72OSA-Opt Soc Amer18.7 18.7 18.7

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83 Olympus Corp. 109OSA-Opt Soc Amer70 386 70IEEE18.1 28.2 18.1

84 Cisco Systems Inc. 69IEEE69 139 34OSA-Opt Soc Amer49.6 49.6 24.5

85 Seiko Epson Corporation 69IEEE69 278 59SID-Society for Information Display24.8 24.8 21.2

86 Hong Kong University of Sci 67IEEE67 105 5ACS-Am Chem Soc63.8 63.8 4.8


88 Cornell University 65IEEE65 426 56ACS-Am Chem Soc15.3 15.3 13.1

89 Iowa State University 64IEEE64 146 13AVS-AIP Am Inst Physics43.8 43.8 8.9

90 OSTERHOUT GROUP INC 64IEEE64 206 54SPIE-Int Soc Opt Engineering31.1 31.1 26.2

91 OMNIGUIDE INC 134OSA-Opt Soc Amer63 475 63IEEE13.3 28.2 13.3


93 Agilent Technologies Inc 60IEEE60 281 49OSA-Opt Soc Amer21.4 21.4 17.4

94 Industrial Techology Researc 60IEEE60 269 38SPIE-Int Soc Opt Engineering22.3 22.3 14.1

95 General Electric Company 62ACS-Am Chem Soc59 416 61OSA-Opt Soc Amer14.2 14.9 14.7

96 Ohio State University 71OSA-Opt Soc Amer59 228 59IEEE25.9 31.1 25.9

97 Samsung Electronics Co Ltd 69ACS-Am Chem Soc58 607 58IEEE9.6 11.4 9.6

98 Evans & Sutherland Compute 139ACM-Assoc Comput Mach57 244 57IEEE23.4 57.0 23.4

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100 MICRON OPTICS INC 57IEEE57 160 44OSA-Opt Soc Amer35.6 35.6 27.5



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% IEEE Refs

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# Refs

% Refs


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3 Flextronics International LTD 1340IEEE1340 1458 67United Business Media/UBM Tech91.9 91.9 4.6

4 Total SA 1130IEEE1130 1250 44IET/IEE90.4 90.4 3.5


6 SYNQOR INC 876IEEE876 1005 45Penton Media87.2 87.2 4.5

7 Texas Instruments Inc 636IEEE636 747 24IET/IEE85.1 85.1 3.2


9 Intel Corporation 491IEEE491 575 19IEEE/JPN Soc App Phys85.4 85.4 3.3

10 Massachusetts Institute of Te 457IEEE457 1786 355Electrochemical Society25.6 25.6 19.9

11 General Electric Company 773US Dept of Energy438 1856 438IEEE23.6 41.6 23.6

12 MOJO MOBILITY INC 391IEEE391 514 42RELX Group76.1 76.1 8.2

13 Rockwell Automation Inc 374IEEE374 394 9EPE Association94.9 94.9 2.3


15 Emerson Electric Co. 318IEEE318 404 21IET/IEE78.7 78.7 5.2


17 Maxim Integrated Products In 268IEEE268 300 14Texas Instruments89.3 89.3 4.7

18 Nokia Corp 240IEEE240 309 13RELX Group77.7 77.7 4.2

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24 Vicor Corp 205IEEE205 293 42Center for Power Electronics Systems (Virginia Tech)70.0 70.0 14.3

25 Toshiba Corp 204IEEE204 475 123RELX Group42.9 42.9 25.9


27 University of Illinois 315RELX Group198 804 198IEEE24.6 39.2 24.6

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29 SOLAREDGE LTD 184IEEE184 241 45WIP-Renewable Energies76.3 76.3 18.7

30 Intersil Corp. 183IEEE183 232 7Cahners-Denver Pub78.9 78.9 3.0

31 Midtronics Inc. 181IEEE181 440 79Springer/Sp. Wien/Springer-Verlag/Kluwer41.1 41.1 18.0

32 Alstom 171IEEE171 238 22ASME-Am Soc Mech Eng71.8 71.8 9.2

33 INFINITE POWER SOLUTI 309AVS-AIP Am Inst Physics166 1359 305RELX Group12.2 22.7 22.4

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35 Linear Technology Corp. 396Cahners-Denver Pub159 753 159IEEE21.1 52.6 21.1

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39 International Business Machi 155IEEE155 226 9Joint IEEE and ACM68.6 68.6 4.0



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% Refs

# Refs

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42 O2Micro International Ltd. 152IEEE152 232 33Texas Instruments65.5 65.5 14.2

43 Qualcomm Inc 150IEEE150 217 23RELX Group69.1 69.1 10.6

44 Schneider Electric S.A. 144IEEE144 181 9IEEE/DOE/JPL79.6 79.6 5.0


46 Silicon Laboratories Inc 129IEEE129 144 12SAE-Society of Automobile Engineers89.6 89.6 8.3

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49 Conversant Intellectual Prope 120IEEE120 144 12Joint IEEE and ACM83.3 83.3 8.3

50 POWERMAT TECHNOLOG 116IEEE116 119 3AVS-AIP Am Inst Physics97.5 97.5 2.5

51 Mitsubishi Electric Corp 114IEEE114 173 22IET/IEE65.9 65.9 12.7

52 Marvell Technology Group Lt 113IEEE113 146 16Texas Instruments77.4 77.4 11.0


54 Dialog Semiconductor Plc. 109IEEE109 140 18ONLINE INC77.9 77.9 12.9

55 Delta Electronics Inc 108IEEE108 117 2Texas Instruments92.3 92.3 1.7

56 Advanced Energy Industries I 105IEEE105 110 3IET/IEE95.5 95.5 2.7

57 R2 SEMICONDUCTOR INC 105IEEE105 106 1IET/IEE99.1 99.1 0.9

58 SanDisk Corp. 101IEEE101 127 16McGraw Hill79.5 79.5 12.6


60 MOTOR EXCELLENCE LL 97IEEE97 111 14IEEE/ASME87.4 87.4 12.6

61 United Technologies Corp 97IEEE97 200 40SAE-Society of Automobile Engineers48.5 48.5 20.0


63 Panasonic Corporation 341RELX Group94 1061 292Electrochemical Society8.9 32.1 27.5

64 Raytheon Co. 90IEEE90 118 8AIAA-Am Inst Aero Astro76.3 76.3 6.8


66 University of Colorado ( The 89IEEE89 91 2<conf> Int Conf Phys Semi (ICPS)97.8 97.8 2.2

67 Cypress Semiconductor Corp. 86IEEE86 99 5IEEE/JPN Soc App Phys86.9 86.9 5.1

68 Hong Kong University of Sci 86IEEE86 147 29RELX Group58.5 58.5 19.7

69 FMC Technologies Inc. 85IEEE85 118 12ASME-Am Soc Mech Eng72.0 72.0 10.2


71 ENECSYS LTD 82IEEE82 92 5WIP-Renewable Energies89.1 89.1 5.4

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77 Alticor Inc 75IEEE75 98 9RELX Group76.5 76.5 9.2

78 TDK Corporation 75IEEE75 157 35RELX Group47.8 47.8 22.3

79 Hitachi Ltd 71IEEE71 257 44IET/IEE27.6 27.6 17.1

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81 Atmel Corp. 68IEEE68 79 9IEICE-Inst Elec Info Comm Eng86.1 86.1 11.4

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83 Toyota Motor Corp 243RELX Group62 740 95ACS-Am Chem Soc8.4 32.8 12.8


85 Ericsson 59IEEE59 84 8RELX Group70.2 70.2 9.5

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89 Cree Inc. 55IEEE55 68 6SID-Society for Information Display80.9 80.9 8.8

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91 KOLO TECHNOLOGIES IN 55IEEE55 65 4KOREAN PHYSICAL SOC84.6 84.6 6.2

92 Samsung Electronics Co Ltd 127RELX Group55 432 74John Wiley & Sons/Wiley-Verlag/Wiley-Liss12.7 29.4 17.1

93 Fujitsu Limited 53IEEE53 116 10Electrochemical Society45.7 45.7 8.6

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96 Huawei Technologies Compa 51IEEE51 54 3Audio Eng Soc94.4 94.4 5.6

97 IDEAL POWER CONVERT 51IEEE51 58 7EPE Association87.9 87.9 12.1

98 American Superconductor Co 50IEEE50 62 7IET/IEE80.6 80.6 11.3


100 Fairchild Semiconductor Inte 49IEEE49 65 8Penton Media75.4 75.4 12.3



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# Refs

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Robotics and Intelligent Manufacturing1 Irobot Corp 4169IEEE4169 7431 1202SPIE-Int Soc Opt Engineering56.1 56.1 16.2







8 Sony Corp 391IEEE391 510 23IEEE/RSJ76.7 76.7 4.5


10 University of Nebraska 272IEEE272 1135 173Springer/Sp. Wien/Springer-Verlag/Kluwer24.0 24.0 15.2


12 Advanced Micro Devices Inc 244IEEE244 489 62RELX Group49.9 49.9 12.7



15 Samsung Electronics Co Ltd 194IEEE194 318 31IEEE/RSJ61.0 61.0 9.7


17 Cimpress NV 179IEEE179 435 170RELX Group41.1 41.1 39.1


19 SRI International 171IEEE171 386 55SPIE-Int Soc Opt Engineering44.3 44.3 14.2

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21 Caterpillar Inc. 147IEEE147 316 38SAE-Society of Automobile Engineers46.5 46.5 12.0

22 Battelle Memorial Institute 129IEEE129 177 19IEEE/RSJ72.9 72.9 10.7


24 ROY-G-BIV CORP 123IEEE123 374 67ISO-International Standards Organization32.9 32.9 17.9

25 University of Southern Califo 120IEEE120 177 15Springer/Sp. Wien/Springer-Verlag/Kluwer67.8 67.8 8.5

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27 Harris Corp. 112IEEE112 137 10IOP Publishing81.8 81.8 7.3

28 Stryker Corp. 112IEEE112 449 86Springer/Sp. Wien/Springer-Verlag/Kluwer24.9 24.9 19.2

29 Fujitsu Limited 110IEEE110 178 13RELX Group61.8 61.8 7.3

30 ABB Ltd 108IEEE108 162 17RELX Group66.7 66.7 10.5

31 Toshiba Corp 108IEEE108 173 7RELX Group62.4 62.4 4.0


33 Taiwan Semiconductor Manu 107IEEE107 185 18RELX Group57.8 57.8 9.7

34 Amada Co. Ltd. 104IEEE104 291 56RELX Group35.7 35.7 19.2


36 INDIVIDUAL PATENTER 100IEEE100 211 10Lippincott Williams & Wilkins47.4 47.4 4.7

37 American Express Co. 96IEEE96 320 39The USENIX Association30.0 30.0 12.2





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42 Walt Disney Co. 94IEEE94 214 48ACM-Assoc Comput Mach43.9 43.9 22.4

43 CA Inc 92IEEE92 158 37RELX Group58.2 58.2 23.4

44 Panasonic Corporation 90IEEE90 174 11IEICE-Inst Elec Info Comm Eng51.7 51.7 6.3



47 ALOFT MEDIA LLC 82IEEE82 102 6ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS80.4 80.4 5.9

48 Tokyo Electron Limited 82IEEE82 226 26RELX Group36.3 36.3 11.5

49 Sensable Technologies Inc 80IEEE80 157 40ACM-Assoc Comput Mach51.0 51.0 25.5

50 ARCHI CON DES INVENTI 115ACM-Assoc Comput Mach76 362 76IEEE21.0 31.8 21.0

51 Sap SE 73IEEE73 253 44RELX Group28.9 28.9 17.4

52 HURCO COMPANIES INC 72IEEE72 166 19Springer/Sp. Wien/Springer-Verlag/Kluwer43.4 43.4 11.4

53 Cirrus Logic Inc. 69IEEE69 87 10RELX Group79.3 79.3 11.5

54 Health Discovery Corp 69IEEE69 266 24IWDM Org25.9 25.9 9.0

55 AUREON LABORATORIES 67IEEE67 263 43RELX Group25.5 25.5 16.3

56 General Motors Corp 67IEEE67 163 19RELX Group41.1 41.1 11.7


58 Texas Instruments Inc 67IEEE67 121 13Penton Media55.4 55.4 10.7

59 United Technologies Corp 64IEEE64 91 7EPE Association70.3 70.3 7.7

60 University of Washington 64IEEE64 153 14RELX Group41.8 41.8 9.2


62 Oracle Corporation 63IEEE63 111 17ACM-Assoc Comput Mach56.8 56.8 15.3

63 Ford Motor Co. 60IEEE60 159 24Winter Simulation Conference Board of Directors37.7 37.7 15.1

64 Nokia Corp 59IEEE59 104 7IET/IEE56.7 56.7 6.7

65 Procter & Gamble Co. 58IEEE58 90 8RELX Group64.4 64.4 8.9

66 TEST ADVANTAGE INC 58IEEE58 69 3SPIE-Int Soc Opt Engineering84.1 84.1 4.3

67 Motorola Solutions Inc. 57IEEE57 81 4ISCA (International Speech Communication Association)70.4 70.4 4.9

68 Delphi Automotive Plc 56IEEE56 122 40RELX Group45.9 45.9 32.8

69 The Invention Science Fund 56IEEE56 297 43RELX Group18.9 18.9 14.5

70 Brooks Automation Inc. 54IEEE54 116 10ASME-Am Soc Mech Eng46.6 46.6 8.6

71 KNOWMTECH LLC 92ACS-Am Chem Soc54 494 84AVS-AIP Am Inst Physics10.9 18.6 17.0

72 Kuka AG 54IEEE54 66 2IEEE/RSJ81.8 81.8 3.0

73 Georgia Institute of Technolo 52IEEE52 104 22American Automatic Control Council (AACC)50.0 50.0 21.2


75 INTUITION INTELLIGENC 50IEEE50 60 3Springer/Sp. Wien/Springer-Verlag/Kluwer83.3 83.3 5.0

76 Eaton Corp. 49IEEE49 52 2IET/IEE94.2 94.2 3.8

77 University of Minnesota (The 49IEEE49 88 9Emerald Group Publishing55.7 55.7 10.2


79 Bonutti Technologies LLC 48IEEE48 186 46Lippincott Williams & Wilkins25.8 25.8 24.7

80 Micron Technology Inc. 47IEEE47 82 11AVS-AIP Am Inst Physics57.3 57.3 13.4



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82 Johns Hopkins University 46IEEE46 123 16RELX Group37.4 37.4 13.0

83 Raytheon Co. 46IEEE46 146 19SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC31.5 31.5 13.0


85 Agilent Technologies Inc 45IEEE45 71 4Amer Assoc Clin Chem63.4 63.4 5.6

86 Deere & Co. 45IEEE45 93 11RELX Group48.4 48.4 11.8

87 ROBOTICVISIONTECH LL 44IEEE44 60 5RELX Group73.3 73.3 8.3

88 California Institute of Techno 43IEEE43 69 5Am Physical Soc62.3 62.3 7.2

89 Intel Corporation 43IEEE43 75 7IEEE/JPN Soc App Phys57.3 57.3 9.3


91 AT&T Inc 42IEEE42 86 13Bellcore48.8 48.8 15.1

92 FTL SYSTEMS INC 42IEEE42 50 7ACM-Assoc Comput Mach84.0 84.0 14.0

93 BRAIN CORP 41IEEE41 184 37MIT/MIT Press22.3 22.3 20.1

94 RETHINK ROBOTICS INC 41IEEE41 87 12RELX Group47.1 47.1 13.8

95 The National Aeronautical an 41IEEE41 89 19NASA-National Aeronautics and Space Admin46.1 46.1 21.3


97 Fuji Film Holdings Corp 40IEEE40 80 5CRC Press/Taylor & Francis50.0 50.0 6.3


99 MKS Instruments Inc. 40IEEE40 122 24John Wiley & Sons/Wiley-Verlag/Wiley-Liss32.8 32.8 19.7

100 ASML Holding NV 121SPIE-Int Soc Opt Engineering39 173 39IEEE22.5 69.9 22.5



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2 International Business Machi 7397IEEE7397 16680 2416AVS-AIP Am Inst Physics44.3 44.3 14.5



5 Taiwan Semiconductor Manu 5269IEEE5269 15454 4306AVS-AIP Am Inst Physics34.1 34.1 27.9

6 Macronix International Co. L 4267IEEE4267 8007 1359IEEE/JPN Soc App Phys53.3 53.3 17.0

7 Intel Corporation 4015IEEE4015 7421 789AVS-AIP Am Inst Physics54.1 54.1 10.6


9 Cree Inc. 3310IEEE3310 9610 2111AVS-AIP Am Inst Physics34.4 34.4 22.0

10 SanDisk Corp. 3148IEEE3148 5917 710AVS-AIP Am Inst Physics53.2 53.2 12.0

11 Chipbond Technology Corp 2898IEEE2898 3501 268RELX Group82.8 82.8 7.7


13 Amberwave Inc 2365IEEE2365 6797 1788AVS-AIP Am Inst Physics34.8 34.8 26.3

14 Infineon Technologies AG 2228IEEE2228 4524 602AVS-AIP Am Inst Physics49.2 49.2 13.3

15 Avago Technologies Ltd 2112IEEE2112 6278 1017SMTA-Surface Mount Technology Association33.6 33.6 16.2

16 NXP Semiconductors NV 2098IEEE2098 4436 701AVS-AIP Am Inst Physics47.3 47.3 15.8


18 Fairchild Semiconductor Inte 1930IEEE1930 2549 225RELX Group75.7 75.7 8.8

19 Applied Materials Inc. 2355AVS-AIP Am Inst Physics1893 11433 1893IEEE16.6 20.6 16.6

20 Advanced Micro Devices Inc 1610IEEE1610 3030 327AVS-AIP Am Inst Physics53.1 53.1 10.8

21 Murata Manufacturing Co. Lt 1373IEEE1373 2041 111AVS-AIP Am Inst Physics67.3 67.3 5.4



24 Fujitsu Limited 1260IEEE1260 3089 413AVS-AIP Am Inst Physics40.8 40.8 13.4

25 University of California 3210AVS-AIP Am Inst Physics1251 12512 1681RELX Group10.0 25.7 13.4

26 Finisar Corp 1228IEEE1228 3225 572AVS-AIP Am Inst Physics38.1 38.1 17.7

27 Motorola Solutions Inc. 1168IEEE1168 3509 847AVS-AIP Am Inst Physics33.3 33.3 24.1

28 Panasonic Corporation 1128IEEE1128 4878 889AVS-AIP Am Inst Physics23.1 23.1 18.2

29 Samsung Electronics Co Ltd 1087IEEE1087 4221 749AVS-AIP Am Inst Physics25.8 25.8 17.7

30 California Institute of Techno 1082IEEE1082 6368 1028RELX Group17.0 17.0 16.1


32 Mitsubishi Electric Corp 955IEEE955 1974 224AVS-AIP Am Inst Physics48.4 48.4 11.3


34 Massachusetts Institute of Te 1214AVS-AIP Am Inst Physics869 5902 869IEEE14.7 20.6 14.7

35 Cypress Semiconductor Corp. 858IEEE858 1417 118AVS-AIP Am Inst Physics60.6 60.6 8.3



38 Hitachi Ltd 661IEEE661 2191 409AVS-AIP Am Inst Physics30.2 30.2 18.7

39 Sharp Corp 837AVS-AIP Am Inst Physics660 3072 660IEEE21.5 27.2 21.5



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# Refs

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40 Transphorm Inc 641IEEE641 1331 231AVS-AIP Am Inst Physics48.2 48.2 17.4

41 Global Foundries Inc 627IEEE627 1281 156AVS-AIP Am Inst Physics48.9 48.9 12.2

42 Nokia Corp 605IEEE605 2700 525AVS-AIP Am Inst Physics22.4 22.4 19.4

43 Synopsys Inc. 601IEEE601 1441 249AVS-AIP Am Inst Physics41.7 41.7 17.3


45 Lam Research Corp. 764AVS-AIP Am Inst Physics564 3089 564IEEE18.3 24.7 18.3

46 Qorvo 551IEEE551 800 112AVS-AIP Am Inst Physics68.9 68.9 14.0

47 Commissariat A L'Energie At 751AVS-AIP Am Inst Physics545 3337 620RELX Group16.3 22.5 18.6

48 ASM International N.V. 1263RELX Group540 5250 1095AVS-AIP Am Inst Physics10.3 24.1 20.9

49 SK Hynix Inc 540IEEE540 1025 96AVS-AIP Am Inst Physics52.7 52.7 9.4

50 JDS Uniphase Corp 510IEEE510 1579 475AVS-AIP Am Inst Physics32.3 32.3 30.1

51 Tessera Technologies Inc. 487IEEE487 1852 424AVS-AIP Am Inst Physics26.3 26.3 22.9



54 Xtera Communications Inc. 450IEEE450 1110 262OSA-Opt Soc Amer40.5 40.5 23.6


56 Electronics and Telecommuni 445IEEE445 1163 275AVS-AIP Am Inst Physics38.3 38.3 23.6

57 Canon Inc 890AVS-AIP Am Inst Physics425 3620 503RELX Group11.7 24.6 13.9

58 Interuniversity MicroElectron 418IEEE418 1221 177AVS-AIP Am Inst Physics34.2 34.2 14.5


60 Hong Kong University of Sci 412IEEE412 725 150AVS-AIP Am Inst Physics56.8 56.8 20.7

61 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft 409IEEE409 1126 176AVS-AIP Am Inst Physics36.3 36.3 15.6

62 Aisin Seiki Co. Ltd. 936OSA-Opt Soc Amer401 2372 401IEEE16.9 39.5 16.9

63 Industrial Techology Researc 400IEEE400 1068 154AVS-AIP Am Inst Physics37.5 37.5 14.4

64 Unisantis Electronics Ltd 400IEEE400 463 31RELX Group86.4 86.4 6.7

65 Xerox Corp 597AVS-AIP Am Inst Physics394 2213 394IEEE17.8 27.0 17.8

66 Microsemi Corp 383IEEE383 520 17AVS-AIP Am Inst Physics73.7 73.7 3.3

67 Georgia Institute of Technolo 372IEEE372 1084 135RELX Group34.3 34.3 12.5

68 Koninklijke Philips N.V. 432AVS-AIP Am Inst Physics372 1643 372IEEE22.6 26.3 22.6

69 Seiko Epson Corporation 370IEEE370 1484 257AVS-AIP Am Inst Physics24.9 24.9 17.3

70 Power Integrations Inc. 369IEEE369 529 55INST PURE APPLIED PHYSICS69.8 69.8 10.4


72 University of Wisconsin 382AVS-AIP Am Inst Physics343 1394 343IEEE24.6 27.4 24.6

73 Lockheed Martin Corp. 454AVS-AIP Am Inst Physics342 2026 342IEEE16.9 22.4 16.9

74 Sony Corp 353AVS-AIP Am Inst Physics336 1644 336IEEE20.4 21.5 20.4



77 Maxim Integrated Products In 322IEEE322 397 16Joint IEEE and ACM81.1 81.1 4.0

78 Hewlett-Packard Co 435AVS-AIP Am Inst Physics319 1931 319IEEE16.5 22.5 16.5





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81 Columbia University 1370AVS-AIP Am Inst Physics294 3886 476MRS-Materials Research Soc7.6 35.3 12.2

82 Soitec SA 406AVS-AIP Am Inst Physics288 1584 297RELX Group18.2 25.6 18.8

83 University of Michigan 288IEEE288 1300 235AVS-AIP Am Inst Physics22.2 22.2 18.1


85 MC10 INC 547AVS-AIP Am Inst Physics285 3243 500ACS-Am Chem Soc8.8 16.9 15.4

86 Honeywell International Inc. 415ACS-Am Chem Soc284 1927 284IEEE14.7 21.5 14.7

87 Silicon Genesis Corporation 317RELX Group282 1420 294AVS-AIP Am Inst Physics19.9 22.3 20.7

88 United Microelectronics Corp 282IEEE282 596 74IEEE/JPN Soc App Phys47.3 47.3 12.4

89 Coherent Inc. 430AVS-AIP Am Inst Physics280 2078 400OSA-Opt Soc Amer13.5 20.7 19.2

90 Corning Inc. 272IEEE272 1114 185RELX Group24.4 24.4 16.6

91 United States Navy 438AVS-AIP Am Inst Physics264 1575 264IEEE16.8 27.8 16.8

92 Northrop Grumman Corp 262IEEE262 898 182AVS-AIP Am Inst Physics29.2 29.2 20.3

93 Emcore Corp. 252IEEE252 514 74US Dept of Energy49.0 49.0 14.4

94 Raytheon Co. 252IEEE252 905 143AVS-AIP Am Inst Physics27.8 27.8 15.8

95 Jiangsu ChangJiang Electroni 249IEEE249 332 42International Microelectronics And Packaging Society75.0 75.0 12.7

96 Amkor Technology Inc. 248IEEE248 588 91Penton Media42.2 42.2 15.5

97 Xilinx Inc. 244IEEE244 362 24IEEE/JPN Soc App Phys67.4 67.4 6.6

98 Promos Technologies Inc. 243IEEE243 322 68IEEE/JPN Soc App Phys75.5 75.5 21.1

99 Sumitomo Electric Industries 421AVS-AIP Am Inst Physics242 1888 325RELX Group12.8 22.3 17.2

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2 Melrose Industries PLC 211IEEE211 245 9Joint IEEE and ACM86.1 86.1 3.7

3 TRILLIANT NETWORKS I 131IEEE131 200 14Internet Soc/IETF-Internet Eng Task Force65.5 65.5 7.0


5 ABB Ltd 70IEEE70 87 6IET/IEE80.5 80.5 6.9

6 Qualcomm Inc 43IEEE43 60 4Emerald Group Publishing71.7 71.7 6.7

7 TRILLIANT HOLDINGS IN 42IEEE42 66 4RELX Group63.6 63.6 6.1

8 3M Co 35IEEE35 40 1ASM INTERNATIONAL87.5 87.5 2.5


10 Texas A&M University 28IEEE28 35 3IET/IEE80.0 80.0 8.6

11 ENERGY TECHNOLOGY G 26IEEE26 30 2RELX Group86.7 86.7 6.7


13 Georgia Institute of Technolo 47ACM-Assoc Comput Mach21 76 21IEEE27.6 61.8 27.6

14 Taiwan Semiconductor Manu 21IEEE21 38 15Elecrostatic Discharge Association55.3 55.3 39.5

15 Commscope Inc. 18IEEE18 18 100.0 100.0

16 General Electric Company 18IEEE18 31 6IET/IEE58.1 58.1 19.4

17 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft 17IEEE17 35 11United Business Media/UBM Tech48.6 48.6 31.4

18 Itron Inc. 16IEEE16 26 3RELX Group61.5 61.5 11.5

19 Massachusetts Institute of Te 16IEEE16 22 4AMER SOC NAVAL ENG INC72.7 72.7 18.2

20 ELSTER SOLUTIONS LLC 15IEEE15 17 1ACM-Assoc Comput Mach88.2 88.2 5.9

21 Schneider Electric S.A. 27ANSI-American National Standards Institute13 91 14ISO-International Standards Organization14.3 29.7 15.4

22 Sony Corp 24SID-Society for Information Display13 44 13IEEE29.5 54.5 29.5

23 AT&T Inc 12IEEE12 14 1John Wiley & Sons/Wiley-Verlag/Wiley-Liss85.7 85.7 7.1

24 Rockwell Automation Inc 12IEEE12 16 2Electric Power Research Institute75.0 75.0 12.5

25 THE DETROIT EDISON CO 11IEEE11 11 100.0 100.0

26 Johnson Controls Inc 10IEEE10 10 100.0 100.0

27 NORWEB PLC 10IEEE10 24 5Pennwell Pub41.7 41.7 20.8

28 Roche Holding Ltd. 10IEEE10 10 100.0 100.0

29 Panasonic Corporation 9IEEE9 12 2IEICE-Inst Elec Info Comm Eng75.0 75.0 16.7

30 RADAR ENGINEERS 9IEEE9 10 1Penton Media90.0 90.0 10.0


32 University of Wisconsin 9IEEE9 10 1MONTANA HISTORICAL SOC90.0 90.0 10.0

33 Belkin International Inc 16ACM-Assoc Comput Mach8 31 8IEEE25.8 51.6 25.8



36 The Invention Science Fund 8IEEE8 15 4ANSI-American National Standards Institute53.3 53.3 26.7

37 ASTROLINK INTERNATIO 7IEEE7 8 1IET/IEE87.5 87.5 12.5

38 CURRENT GRID LLC 7IEEE7 11 2Echelon Corp63.6 63.6 18.2

39 CURRENT TECHNOLOGIE 7IEEE7 11 2Hewlett Packard Inc.63.6 63.6 18.2



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42 Honeywell International Inc. 7IEEE7 8 1IEEE/JPN Soc App Phys87.5 87.5 12.5

43 INTERNATIONAL BROAD 7IEEE7 13 4ISO-International Standards Organization53.8 53.8 30.8

44 POWER TAGGING TECHN 7IEEE7 8 1IET/IEE87.5 87.5 12.5

45 STMicroelectronics 7IEEE7 12 3John Wiley & Sons/Wiley-Verlag/Wiley-Liss58.3 58.3 25.0

46 Terahop Networks Inc 7IEEE7 11 1Internet Soc/IETF-Internet Eng Task Force63.6 63.6 9.1

47 Toshiba Corp 7IEEE7 10 2Internet Soc/IETF-Internet Eng Task Force70.0 70.0 20.0

48 Alstom 6IEEE6 10 2IET/IEE60.0 60.0 20.0

49 Silver Spring Networks Inc 6IEEE6 8 1RELX Group75.0 75.0 12.5

50 University of Oxford 6IEEE6 6 100.0 100.0

51 UT-Battelle LLC 6IEEE6 6 100.0 100.0

52 Vacon Oyj 6IEEE6 6 100.0 100.0

53 Battelle Memorial Institute 6ACM-Assoc Comput Mach5 18 5IEEE27.8 33.3 27.8

54 Boeing Co. (The) 5IEEE5 10 1Springer/Sp. Wien/Springer-Verlag/Kluwer50.0 50.0 10.0

55 Canon Inc 5IEEE5 5 100.0 100.0

56 COM/ENERGY TECHNOL 6McGraw Hill5 16 5IEEE31.3 37.5 31.3

57 DGI CREATIONS LLC 5IEEE5 5 100.0 100.0

58 D-Wave Systems Inc. 9Am Physical Soc5 29 5AVS-AIP Am Inst Physics17.2 31.0 17.2

59 Fujitsu Limited 5IEEE5 14 4ACM-Assoc Comput Mach35.7 35.7 28.6

60 On Semiconductor Corporati 5IEEE5 5 100.0 100.0

61 University of Alberta 5IEEE5 8 1RELX Group62.5 62.5 12.5

62 University of Connecticut 5IEEE5 5 100.0 100.0

63 Eaton Corp. 4IEEE4 6 2McGraw Hill66.7 66.7 33.3

64 HUDSON BAY WIRELESS 4IEEE4 5 1Condé Nast80.0 80.0 20.0

65 Mitsubishi Electric Corp 4IEEE4 4 100.0 100.0

66 National Instruments Corp. 4IEEE4 6 2RELX Group66.7 66.7 33.3

67 TX RX SYSTEMS INC 4IEEE4 4 100.0 100.0

68 Walt Disney Co. 4IEEE4 4 100.0 100.0

69 ACEX TECHNOLOGIES IN 3IEEE3 3 100.0 100.0

70 American Superconductor Co 5RELX Group3 8 3IEEE37.5 62.5 37.5

71 ASOKA USA CORP 3IEEE3 3 100.0 100.0

72 Bayer AG 3IEEE3 4 1International Telecommunication Union75.0 75.0 25.0

73 Danaher Corp. 3IEEE3 5 1Penton Media60.0 60.0 20.0

74 Digi International Inc 3IEEE3 3 100.0 100.0

75 Electric Power Research Insti 6Electric Power Research Institute3 9 3IEEE33.3 66.7 33.3

76 Electro Industries Gauge Tec 5ACM-Assoc Comput Mach3 10 3IEEE30.0 50.0 30.0

77 Hewlett-Packard Co 3IEEE3 3 100.0 100.0

78 Motorola Solutions Inc. 3IEEE3 3 100.0 100.0

79 NEW YORK STATE ELECT 3IEEE3 3 100.0 100.0

80 Northeastern University (Bost 3IEEE3 4 1Electric Power Research Institute75.0 75.0 25.0



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81 Schweitzer Engineering Labo 3IEEE3 3 100.0 100.0

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83 ADVANERGY INC 2IEEE2 2 100.0 100.0

84 Amazing Microelectronic Cor 2IEEE2 2 100.0 100.0

85 Avago Technologies Ltd 2IEEE2 2 100.0 100.0

86 BASIC MEASURING INST 2IEEE2 2 100.0 100.0

87 BITRONICS INC 2IEEE2 4 2ABB Group50.0 50.0 50.0

88 Bosch (Robert) GmbH 2IEEE2 2 100.0 100.0

89 City University of Hong Kon 2IEEE2 3 1Internet Soc/IETF-Internet Eng Task Force66.7 66.7 33.3

90 Conexant Systems Inc. 2IEEE2 4 1Cahners-Denver Pub50.0 50.0 25.0

91 CORRIDOR SYSTEMS INC 2IEEE2 2 100.0 100.0

92 DAZHONG MA 2IEEE2 2 100.0 100.0

93 DISTRIBUTION CONTROL 2IEEE2 2 100.0 100.0

94 Electronics and Telecommuni 2IEEE2 2 100.0 100.0

95 ExxonMobil Corp 8soc of Exploration Geophysists2 14 2RELX Group14.3 57.1 14.3

96 GENSCAPE INC 2IEEE2 2 100.0 100.0

97 HUAGUANG ZHANG 2IEEE2 2 100.0 100.0

98 III HOLDINGS 1 LLC 2IEEE2 2 100.0 100.0

99 INTERNATIONAL BROAD 2ISO-International Standards Organization2 4 2IEEE50.0 50.0 50.0

100 JIANGUO ZHOU 2IEEE2 2 100.0 100.0



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7 Solexel Inc 180RELX Group114 532 117John Wiley & Sons/Wiley-Verlag/Wiley-Liss21.4 33.8 22.0

8 Sanan Optoelectronics Techn 168US Dept of Energy112 351 112IEEE31.9 47.9 31.9

9 International Business Machi 110IEEE110 459 81RELX Group24.0 24.0 17.6

10 Hanergy Holding Group Ltd 109IEEE109 303 50RELX Group36.0 36.0 16.5

11 SEMPRIUS INC 205ACS-Am Chem Soc102 1125 199AVS-AIP Am Inst Physics9.1 18.2 17.7

12 Taiwan Semiconductor Manu 172AVS-AIP Am Inst Physics98 472 98IEEE20.8 36.4 20.8

13 SOLAR JUNCTION CORP 113RELX Group91 429 107AVS-AIP Am Inst Physics21.2 26.3 24.9

14 Canon Inc 88IEEE88 240 48AVS-AIP Am Inst Physics36.7 36.7 20.0

15 Advanced Energy Industries I 83IEEE83 89 4IET/IEE93.3 93.3 4.5

16 SOLAERO TECHNOLOGIE 81IEEE81 152 23AVS-AIP Am Inst Physics53.3 53.3 15.1

17 Applied Materials Inc. 80IEEE80 239 51WIP-Renewable Energies33.5 33.5 21.3

18 Stion Corp 225RELX Group77 671 119AVS-AIP Am Inst Physics11.5 33.5 17.7

19 Lockheed Martin Corp. 68IEEE68 215 47AVS-AIP Am Inst Physics31.6 31.6 21.9

20 Nanosolar Inc 238RELX Group61 853 107Electrochemical Society7.2 27.9 12.5

21 General Electric Company 83ACS-Am Chem Soc50 333 50IEEE15.0 24.9 15.0

22 EVERGREEN SOLAR INC 48IEEE48 96 44ACS-Am Chem Soc50.0 50.0 45.8

23 Texas Instruments Inc 47IEEE47 59 4Electrochemical Society79.7 79.7 6.8

24 SUNIVA INC 45IEEE45 88 12WIP-Renewable Energies51.1 51.1 13.6

25 Sharp Corp 43IEEE43 114 23RELX Group37.7 37.7 20.2

26 SOLYNDRA LLC 71RELX Group43 220 43IEEE19.5 32.3 19.5

27 Alliance for Sustainable Ener 76AVS-AIP Am Inst Physics39 298 74RELX Group13.1 25.5 24.8

28 JX CRYSTALS INC 38IEEE38 110 30RELX Group34.5 34.5 27.3

29 University of Toledo 78RELX Group37 136 37IEEE27.2 57.4 27.2

30 Witricity Corp 36IEEE36 66 5AVS-AIP Am Inst Physics54.5 54.5 7.6

31 4POWER LLC 34IEEE34 66 18AVS-AIP Am Inst Physics51.5 51.5 27.3

32 Panasonic Corporation 47AVS-AIP Am Inst Physics31 175 34RELX Group17.7 26.9 19.4

33 AMI RESAERCH & DEVEL 30IEEE30 60 8John Wiley & Sons/Wiley-Verlag/Wiley-Liss50.0 50.0 13.3


35 GTAT Corp (AT Advanced T 29IEEE29 123 22RELX Group23.6 23.6 17.9

36 University of California 93ACS-Am Chem Soc29 536 93AVS-AIP Am Inst Physics5.4 17.4 17.4


38 APOLLO PRECISION FUJI 28IEEE28 31 1AAAS-Am Assoc Advancement Sci90.3 90.3 3.2

39 Guardian Industries Corp. 120RELX Group27 307 81AVS-AIP Am Inst Physics8.8 39.1 26.4



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43 Raytheon Co. 25IEEE25 48 6AVS-AIP Am Inst Physics52.1 52.1 12.5

44 SOLAREDGE LTD 25IEEE25 33 6WIP-Renewable Energies75.8 75.8 18.2

45 Solyndra Inc 46RELX Group25 140 25IEEE17.9 32.9 17.9

46 Compagnie de Saint-Gobain 30SPIE-Int Soc Opt Engineering23 120 26RELX Group19.2 25.0 21.7

47 PRECURSOR ENERGETIC 481ACS-Am Chem Soc23 1075 257RELX Group2.1 44.7 23.9

48 Solopower Inc 101RELX Group23 211 38AVS-AIP Am Inst Physics10.9 47.9 18.0

49 SOLARWORLD INNOVATI 22IEEE22 62 12John Wiley & Sons/Wiley-Verlag/Wiley-Liss35.5 35.5 19.4

50 Hanwha Group 21IEEE21 49 8RELX Group42.9 42.9 16.3

51 Mitsubishi Electric Corp 21IEEE21 43 6WIP-Renewable Energies48.8 48.8 14.0

52 OSTENDO TECHNOLOGIE 21IEEE21 56 17RELX Group37.5 37.5 30.4

53 Ignis Innovation Inc 20IEEE20 22 1Emerald Group Publishing90.9 90.9 4.5

54 Interuniversity MicroElectron 20IEEE20 74 15RELX Group27.0 27.0 20.3

55 EBARA SOLAR INC 19IEEE19 34 7RELX Group55.9 55.9 20.6

56 Massachusetts Institute of Te 37ACS-Am Chem Soc19 146 19IEEE13.0 25.3 13.0

57 Laird Group Plc 18IEEE18 61 15AVS-AIP Am Inst Physics29.5 29.5 24.6

58 Shin-Etsu Chemical Co. Ltd. 18IEEE18 48 8RELX Group37.5 37.5 16.7

59 United States of America De 18IEEE18 51 13AVS-AIP Am Inst Physics35.3 35.3 25.5

60 University of Michigan 46AVS-AIP Am Inst Physics17 192 28John Wiley & Sons/Wiley-Verlag/Wiley-Liss8.9 24.0 14.6

61 ATHENAEUM LLC 30RELX Group16 96 18AVS-AIP Am Inst Physics16.7 31.3 18.8

62 California Institute of Techno 58AVS-AIP Am Inst Physics16 202 30MRS-Materials Research Soc7.9 28.7 14.9

63 Du Pont (E.I.) de Nemours & 44RELX Group16 143 19AVS-AIP Am Inst Physics11.2 30.8 13.3

64 ENCORE SOLAR POWER I 16IEEE16 28 4John Wiley & Sons/Wiley-Verlag/Wiley-Liss57.1 57.1 14.3

65 Georgia Institute of Technolo 16IEEE16 33 5John Wiley & Sons/Wiley-Verlag/Wiley-Liss48.5 48.5 15.2


67 First Solar Inc 32RELX Group15 70 15IEEE21.4 45.7 21.4

68 Fraunhofer Gesellschaft 17WIP-Renewable Energies15 68 16RELX Group22.1 25.0 23.5

69 Intevac Inc 21AVS-AIP Am Inst Physics15 63 15IEEE23.8 33.3 23.8

70 Nth Degree Technologies Wo 29Nature Publishing Group15 154 20OSA-Opt Soc Amer9.7 18.8 13.0


72 Solfocus Inc 15IEEE15 59 15RELX Group25.4 25.4 25.4

73 Teijin Ltd. 15IEEE15 52 11WIP-Renewable Energies28.8 28.8 21.2

74 ARCHITECTURAL GLASS 14IEEE14 42 7Sci American Inc33.3 33.3 16.7

75 City University of Hong Kon 14IEEE14 27 8IET/IEE51.9 51.9 29.6

76 ROSESTREET LABS ENER 15AVS-AIP Am Inst Physics14 44 14IEEE31.8 34.1 31.8

77 Showa Shell Sekiyu KK 14IEEE14 24 4Japan Standards Assoc58.3 58.3 16.7

78 Sony Corp 20RELX Group14 81 14IEEE17.3 24.7 17.3

79 Commissariat A L'Energie At 33RELX Group13 93 19ACS-Am Chem Soc14.0 35.5 20.4

80 Industrial Techology Researc 43RELX Group13 121 14ACS-Am Chem Soc10.7 35.5 11.6



# IEEE Refs

Total Science

Refs#


% IEEE Refs

% Refs

# Refs

% Refs


81 Kyocera Corp. 12IEEE12 53 8RELX Group22.6 22.6 15.1

82 LG Electronics Inc. 18RELX Group12 56 12IEEE21.4 32.1 21.4

83 University of Houston 12IEEE12 44 6McGraw Hill27.3 27.3 13.6

84 URIEL SOLAR INC 15AVS-AIP Am Inst Physics12 36 12IEEE33.3 41.7 33.3

85 COGENRA SOLAR INC 11IEEE11 34 8RELX Group32.4 32.4 23.5

86 Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin for 11IEEE11 40 10RELX Group27.5 27.5 25.0

87 Honeywell International Inc. 387ACS-Am Chem Soc11 975 179RELX Group1.1 39.7 18.4

88 Leonhard Kurz Stiftung & Co 14AVS-AIP Am Inst Physics11 55 12RELX Group20.0 25.5 21.8

89 SILICOR MATERIALS INC 11IEEE11 21 4WIP-Renewable Energies52.4 52.4 19.0


91 University of Arkansas 45AVS-AIP Am Inst Physics11 97 12RELX Group11.3 46.4 12.4

92 University of Central Florida 22AVS-AIP Am Inst Physics11 163 21RELX Group6.7 13.5 12.9

93 ZENA TECHNOLOGIES IN 12ACS-Am Chem Soc11 55 11IEEE20.0 21.8 20.0

94 1366 TECHNOLOGIES INC 30RELX Group10 58 10IEEE17.2 51.7 17.2


96 Rensselaer Polytechnic Instit 10IEEE10 23 4AVS-AIP Am Inst Physics43.5 43.5 17.4

97 Rochester Institute of Techno 10IEEE10 35 10RELX Group28.6 28.6 28.6

98 Silicon Genesis Corporation 28AVS-AIP Am Inst Physics10 65 10IEEE15.4 43.1 15.4

99 SUNPREME LTD 10IEEE10 27 8RELX Group37.0 37.0 29.6

100 United States Navy 15AVS-AIP Am Inst Physics10 86 14RELX Group11.6 17.4 16.3



# IEEE Refs

Total Science

Refs#


% IEEE Refs

% Refs

# Refs

% Refs


Telecom and Other Communications1 Qualcomm Inc 19073IEEE19073 42021 106303GPP General Partnership Project Standards Body45.4 45.4 25.3

2 Avago Technologies Ltd 15668IEEE15668 22983 1145International Telecommunication Union68.2 68.2 5.0

3 Marvell Technology Group Lt 12204IEEE12204 16393 28763GPP General Partnership Project Standards Body74.4 74.4 17.5




7 InterDigital Inc 159983GPP General Partnership Project Standards 8905 28977 8905IEEE30.7 55.2 30.7


9 Intel Corporation 8490IEEE8490 15881 19933GPP General Partnership Project Standards Body53.5 53.5 12.5

10 Personalized Media Commun 11602Soc Motion Picture TV Eng Inc6440 37210 6440IEEE17.3 31.2 17.3


12 Samsung Electronics Co Ltd 5408IEEE5408 9886 18783GPP General Partnership Project Standards Body54.7 54.7 19.0


14 LG Electronics Inc. 109913GPP General Partnership Project Standards 4818 21313 4818IEEE22.6 51.6 22.6


16 Sony Corp 4669IEEE4669 9100 5473GPP General Partnership Project Standards Body51.3 51.3 6.0

17 Panasonic Corporation 4642IEEE4642 12926 31523GPP General Partnership Project Standards Body35.9 35.9 24.4


19 Fujitsu Limited 4287IEEE4287 9872 15963GPP General Partnership Project Standards Body43.4 43.4 16.2

20 Apple Inc 4081IEEE4081 8470 573ISO/IEC48.2 48.2 6.8


22 Fractus SA 4034IEEE4034 7007 999IET/IEE57.6 57.6 14.3

23 Nippon Telegraph & Telepho 3587IEEE3587 9756 28293GPP General Partnership Project Standards Body36.8 36.8 29.0

24 Texas Instruments Inc 3555IEEE3555 4996 3293GPP General Partnership Project Standards Body71.2 71.2 6.6

25 Blackberry Ltd. 62503GPP General Partnership Project Standards 3166 12975 3166IEEE24.4 48.2 24.4

26 Massachusetts Institute of Te 3061IEEE3061 5399 328OSA-Opt Soc Amer56.7 56.7 6.1

27 NEC Corp 2975IEEE2975 7207 16623GPP General Partnership Project Standards Body41.3 41.3 23.1

28 Conversant Intellectual Prope 2890IEEE2890 5305 201INTERTEC PUBL CORP PRIMEDIA CO54.5 54.5 3.8

29 Huawei Technologies Compa 49183GPP General Partnership Project Standards 2804 12221 2804IEEE22.9 40.2 22.9

30 Motorola Solutions Inc. 2784IEEE2784 4666 3033GPP General Partnership Project Standards Body59.7 59.7 6.5

31 University of Minnesota (The 2736IEEE2736 2997 55John Wiley & Sons/Wiley-Verlag/Wiley-Liss91.3 91.3 1.8

32 Electronics and Telecommuni 2611IEEE2611 4026 4863GPP General Partnership Project Standards Body64.9 64.9 12.1

33 Rambus Inc. 2576IEEE2576 3664 183International Association for Cryptologic Research (IACR)70.3 70.3 5.0


35 Raytheon Co. 2453IEEE2453 4121 183IET/IEE59.5 59.5 4.4




39 NXP Semiconductors NV 2005IEEE2005 2680 953GPP General Partnership Project Standards Body74.8 74.8 3.5



# IEEE Refs

Total Science

Refs#


% IEEE Refs

% Refs

# Refs

% Refs



41 Mitsubishi Electric Corp 1920IEEE1920 4033 4913GPP General Partnership Project Standards Body47.6 47.6 12.2

42 Silicon Laboratories Inc 1889IEEE1889 2403 114Cahners-Denver Pub78.6 78.6 4.7

43 Hewlett-Packard Co 1877IEEE1877 5563 716Internet Soc/IETF-Internet Eng Task Force33.7 33.7 12.9

44 Toshiba Corp 1849IEEE1849 3955 320IEICE-Inst Elec Info Comm Eng46.8 46.8 8.1

45 Micron Technology Inc. 1717IEEE1717 2810 172IEEE/JPN Soc App Phys61.1 61.1 6.1

46 TE Connectivity Ltd 1711IEEE1711 2702 122IET/IEE63.3 63.3 4.5

47 Technicolor SA 1674IEEE1674 3552 296ISO/IEC47.1 47.1 8.3


49 Murata Manufacturing Co. Lt 1612IEEE1612 2210 91John Wiley & Sons/Wiley-Verlag/Wiley-Liss72.9 72.9 4.1

50 Industrial Techology Researc 1545IEEE1545 2249 1363GPP General Partnership Project Standards Body68.7 68.7 6.0

51 University of California 1516IEEE1516 2521 114OSA-Opt Soc Amer60.1 60.1 4.5

52 Hitachi Ltd 1487IEEE1487 3987 352IEICE-Inst Elec Info Comm Eng37.3 37.3 8.8

53 Koninklijke Philips N.V. 1465IEEE1465 2945 1683GPP General Partnership Project Standards Body49.7 49.7 5.7

54 Oracle Corporation 1465IEEE1465 5257 6033GPP General Partnership Project Standards Body27.9 27.9 11.5

55 Sharp Corp 22953GPP General Partnership Project Standards 1457 6566 1457IEEE22.2 35.0 22.2

56 Comcast Corp 1435IEEE1435 2672 167Internet Soc/IETF-Internet Eng Task Force53.7 53.7 6.3


58 Softbank Corp 1863International Telecommunication Union1427 5819 1427IEEE24.5 32.0 24.5

59 Columbia University 1422IEEE1422 2456 201Virus Bulletin Ltd57.9 57.9 8.2

60 Analog Devices Inc. 1324IEEE1324 1610 59IET/IEE82.2 82.2 3.7

61 Tabula Inc 1343ACM-Assoc Comput Mach1316 3458 1316IEEE38.1 38.8 38.1

62 Fraunhofer Gesellschaft 1279IEEE1279 2594 263MPEG.org49.3 49.3 10.1

63 L-3 Communications Holdin 1251IEEE1251 1567 88IET/IEE79.8 79.8 5.6

64 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft 1228IEEE1228 2714 2293GPP General Partnership Project Standards Body45.2 45.2 8.4

65 Commscope Inc. 1225IEEE1225 1484 132IET/IEE82.5 82.5 8.9


67 Juniper Networks Inc. 1208IEEE1208 2942 648Internet Soc/IETF-Internet Eng Task Force41.1 41.1 22.0


69 California Institute of Techno 1200IEEE1200 1989 124SPIE-Int Soc Opt Engineering60.3 60.3 6.2

70 HRL Laboratories LLC 1200IEEE1200 1807 210IET/IEE66.4 66.4 11.6

71 Infineon Technologies AG 1173IEEE1173 1716 883GPP General Partnership Project Standards Body68.4 68.4 5.1


73 Intersil Corp. 1099IEEE1099 1532 135IET/IEE71.7 71.7 8.8

74 Deutsche Telekom AG 1094IEEE1094 1922 114ACM-Assoc Comput Mach56.9 56.9 5.9

75 Xilinx Inc. 1084IEEE1084 1433 72ACM-Assoc Comput Mach75.6 75.6 5.0

76 Qorvo 1083IEEE1083 1364 39European Microwave Association79.4 79.4 2.9

77 Canon Inc 1077IEEE1077 2440 119ACM-Assoc Comput Mach44.1 44.1 4.9

78 Microsemi Corp 1051IEEE1051 1577 71International Telecommunication Union66.6 66.6 4.5

79 REARDEN LLC 1048IEEE1048 1185 48IET/IEE88.4 88.4 4.1

80 Kyocera Corp. 1041IEEE1041 1579 2083GPP General Partnership Project Standards Body65.9 65.9 13.2



# IEEE Refs

Total Science

Refs#


% IEEE Refs

% Refs

# Refs

% Refs


81 Mediatek Inc. 1003IEEE1003 1452 2593GPP General Partnership Project Standards Body69.1 69.1 17.8

82 WI-Lan Inc 992IEEE992 1487 913GPP General Partnership Project Standards Body66.7 66.7 6.1


84 Lockheed Martin Corp. 955IEEE955 1981 190OSA-Opt Soc Amer48.2 48.2 9.6

85 BT Group PLC 954IEEE954 1885 166Internet Soc/IETF-Internet Eng Task Force50.6 50.6 8.8

86 Lenovo Group Ltd 16943GPP General Partnership Project Standards 914 3069 914IEEE29.8 55.2 29.8



89 MAGNACOM LTD 859IEEE859 910 51Alcatel-Lucent94.4 94.4 5.6



92 Texas A&M University 779IEEE779 877 17Am Physical Soc88.8 88.8 1.9

93 BAE Systems Plc. 769IEEE769 1007 35SPIE-Int Soc Opt Engineering76.4 76.4 3.5

94 Boeing Co. (The) 754IEEE754 1533 62SPIE-Int Soc Opt Engineering49.2 49.2 4.0

95 Northrop Grumman Corp 741IEEE741 1198 54SPIE-Int Soc Opt Engineering61.9 61.9 4.5


97 Orange 710IEEE710 1311 92Internet Soc/IETF-Internet Eng Task Force54.2 54.2 7.0

98 Finisar Corp 709IEEE709 1097 178IET/IEE64.6 64.6 16.2

99 HTC Corporation 11233GPP General Partnership Project Standards 704 2272 704IEEE31.0 49.4 31.0

100 United States Navy 703IEEE703 1373 90Am Physical Soc51.2 51.2 6.6



# IEEE Refs

Total Science

Refs#


% IEEE Refs

% Refs

# Refs

% Refs


Wind Energy1 Vestas Wind Systems A/S 366IEEE366 766 98AWEA-American Wind Energy Association47.8 47.8 12.8

2 ABB Ltd 112IEEE112 208 18EWEA-European Wind Energy Association53.8 53.8 8.7

3 General Electric Company 116US Dept of Energy97 339 97IEEE28.6 34.2 28.6


5 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft 27IEEE27 55 7John Wiley & Sons/Wiley-Verlag/Wiley-Liss49.1 49.1 12.7

6 THE UNIVERSITY OF NE 23IEEE23 24 1IET/IEE95.8 95.8 4.2

7 INGETEAM ENERGY SA 19IEEE19 32 3John Wiley & Sons/Wiley-Verlag/Wiley-Liss59.4 59.4 9.4

8 National Cheng Kung Univer 18IEEE18 19 1IET/IEE94.7 94.7 5.3

9 University of Alabama 16IEEE16 19 3IET/IEE84.2 84.2 15.8

10 UWM RESEARCH FOUND 16IEEE16 18 1IET/IEE88.9 88.9 5.6

11 FMC Technologies Inc. 13IEEE13 17 1Springer/Sp. Wien/Springer-Verlag/Kluwer76.5 76.5 5.9

12 INGETEAM POWER TECH 13IEEE13 22 2EWEA-European Wind Energy Association59.1 59.1 9.1

13 Fujitsu Limited 12IEEE12 13 1RELX Group92.3 92.3 7.7

14 NRG SYSTEMS INC 12IEEE12 20 4RELX Group60.0 60.0 20.0

15 Senvion SE 11IEEE11 29 4John Wiley & Sons/Wiley-Verlag/Wiley-Liss37.9 37.9 13.8

16 UNIVERSITY OF ZAGREB 10IEEE10 11 1EWEA-European Wind Energy Association90.9 90.9 9.1

17 KITE GEN RESEARCH S L 9IEEE9 19 7RELX Group47.4 47.4 36.8

18 Woodward Inc 9IEEE9 9 100.0 100.0

19 ZOND ENERGY SYSTEMS 9IEEE9 11 1EPE Association81.8 81.8 9.1

20 GENEDICS CLEAN ENERG 49RELX Group7 63 7AAAS-Am Assoc Advancement Sci11.1 77.8 11.1

21 Oregon State University 7IEEE7 7 100.0 100.0

22 GENEDICS LLC 35RELX Group6 47 6AAAS-Am Assoc Advancement Sci12.8 74.5 12.8

23 INDIVIDUAL PATENTER 6IEEE6 18 6ASME-Am Soc Mech Eng33.3 33.3 33.3

24 Medtronic Inc 6IEEE6 8 1AMA-Am Medical Assoc75.0 75.0 12.5

25 GREEN ENERGY CORP 5IEEE5 5 100.0 100.0

26 NEC Corp 5IEEE5 5 100.0 100.0

27 Alstom 4IEEE4 6 2ABB Group66.7 66.7 33.3

28 INGETEAM SA 4IEEE4 7 1EPE Association57.1 57.1 14.3

29 Mitsubishi Heavy Industries 25John Wiley & Sons/Wiley-Verlag/Wiley-Liss4 52 13ASME-Am Soc Mech Eng7.7 48.1 25.0

30 Nordex SE 4IEEE4 9 3John Wiley & Sons/Wiley-Verlag/Wiley-Liss44.4 44.4 33.3

31 RHEINISCH-WESTFALISC 4IEEE4 4 100.0 100.0

32 UNIVERSIDAD PUBLICA 4IEEE4 5 1I S A-INSTRUM SYS AUTOMATION SOC80.0 80.0 20.0

33 Daewoo Shipbuilding & Mari 3IEEE3 6 1I S A-INSTRUM SYS AUTOMATION SOC50.0 50.0 16.7

34 GLOBAL ENERGYCONCE 3IEEE3 5 1AWEA-American Wind Energy Association60.0 60.0 20.0

35 SAMAYS INNOVACIONES 3IEEE3 5 1BIRKHAUSER VERLAG AG60.0 60.0 20.0

36 ADVANCED MAGNET LA 2IEEE2 2 100.0 100.0

37 Alliance for Sustainable Ener 7ASME-Am Soc Mech Eng2 10 2IEEE20.0 70.0 20.0

38 Dana Holding Corp. 2IEEE2 3 1EVS.org66.7 66.7 33.3

39 Enercon GmbH 2IEEE2 2 100.0 100.0



# IEEE Refs

Total Science

Refs#


% IEEE Refs

% Refs

# Refs

% Refs


40 Gamesa Corporacion Tecnolo 2IEEE2 4 2EPE Association50.0 50.0 50.0

41 Harris Corp. 2IEEE2 4 2RELX Group50.0 50.0 50.0

42 HAWAIIAN ELECTRIC CO 2John Wiley & Sons/Wiley-Verlag/Wiley-Liss2 4 2IEEE50.0 50.0 50.0

43 Hitachi Ltd 3Hitachi Ltd2 5 2IEEE40.0 60.0 40.0

44 Honeywell International Inc. 2IEEE2 2 100.0 100.0

45 NORTHERN POWER SYST 2IEEE2 3 1Pennwell Pub66.7 66.7 33.3

46 ONSEMBLE LLC 2IEEE2 4 2John Wiley & Sons/Wiley-Verlag/Wiley-Liss50.0 50.0 50.0

47 Rockwell Automation Inc 2IEEE2 2 100.0 100.0

48 ROCKY RESEARCH 2IEEE2 4 1COMPANY OF BIOLOGISTS LTD50.0 50.0 25.0

49 Schweitzer Engineering Labo 2IEEE2 2 100.0 100.0

50 Trevii - Finanziaria Industrial 2IEEE2 2 100.0 100.0

51 ACCIONA WINDPOWER S 1IEEE1 1 100.0 100.0

52 American Superconductor Co 1IEEE1 1 100.0 100.0

53 BASELOAD ENERGY INC 1SPACE MAGAZINE1 2 1IEEE50.0 50.0 50.0

54 Bosch (Robert) GmbH 1IEEE1 1 100.0 100.0

55 California Institute of Techno 1IEEE1 2 1RELX Group50.0 50.0 50.0

56 Cisco Systems Inc. 1IEEE1 1 100.0 100.0

57 CLEAN CURRENT LP 1IEEE1 2 1PROFESSIONAL ENGINEERING PUBLISHING LTD50.0 50.0 50.0

58 DCNS Group 1IEEE1 1 100.0 100.0

59 Fiat Chrysler Automobiles N 1IEEE1 1 100.0 100.0

60 FloDesign Wind Turbine Cor 11AIAA-Am Inst Aero Astro1 20 8John Wiley & Sons/Wiley-Verlag/Wiley-Liss5.0 55.0 40.0

61 General Motors Corp 1IEEE1 2 1American Automatic Control Council (AACC)50.0 50.0 50.0

62 GLOUSTER APPLICATION 6RELX Group1 8 1IEEE12.5 75.0 12.5

63 Google Inc. 1IEEE1 1 100.0 100.0

64 Indiana University 2RELX Group1 5 1IEEE20.0 40.0 20.0

65 International Business Machi 2RELX Group1 4 1IEEE25.0 50.0 25.0

66 INVENTUS HOLDINGS LL 1IEEE1 1 100.0 100.0

67 JST LLC 1IEEE1 2 1SPACE MAGAZINE50.0 50.0 50.0

68 Mitsuba Corp. 1IEEE1 1 100.0 100.0

69 POWEROASIS LTD 1IEEE1 2 1RELX Group50.0 50.0 50.0

70 PV SOLUTIONS LLC 1IEEE1 1 100.0 100.0

71 SATCON TECHNOLOGY C 1IEEE1 1 100.0 100.0

72 Schneider Electric S.A. 1IEEE1 2 1IET/IEE50.0 50.0 50.0

73 TECHNOLOGY SERVICE C 1IEEE1 2 1IOP Publishing50.0 50.0 50.0

74 WILIC S AR L 1IEEE1 1 100.0 100.0

75 ZF Friedrichshafen AG (Ger 1IEEE1 1 100.0 100.0


# Pat Refs to:Publisher Percent of Total

Appendix A - Publishers Receiving Most References from Top 40 Companies

(Top 40 Companies in terms of 2015 Patent Activity; References from 1997-2015 Patents)

Amazon.com Inc.30.21970ACM-Assoc Comput Mach

19.21253IEEE

6.2406RELX Group

4.4290Internet Soc/IETF-Internet Eng Task Force

2.8181International Data Group

2.2144Ziff-Davis

2.2143Information Processing Society of Japan

2.1136CBS Interactive

1.9123New York Times

1.7108Springer/Sp. Wien/Springer-Verlag/Kluwer

1.7109The USENIX Association

1.384Condé Nast

1.385International Association for Cryptologic Research (IACR)

1.385United Business Media/UBM Tech

1.062Winter Simulation Conference Board of Directors

122 others with less than 1% each 1346 19.8

Apple Inc38.015121IEEE

20.58164ACM-Assoc Comput Mach

4.31714RELX Group


1.55813GPP General Partnership Project Standards Body

1.5597ISO/IEC

1.3521Joint IEEE and ACM

1.3532OSA-Opt Soc Amer

1.2482Ziff-Davis

1.1421Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence

1.0379Network Working Group RFC

1.0394ISCA (International Speech Communication Association)


Saturday, May 14, 2016 A-1Copyright (c) 2016, 1790 Analytics, LLC




AT&T Inc41.48245IEEE



3.5689RELX Group

2.3468International Telecommunication Union


1.9375European Telecom Standards Institute (ETSI)

1.8365IET/IEE

1.6326Springer/Springer Wien/Springer-Verlag/Kluwer


1.5295ISCA (International Speech Communication Association)

1.5301ISO/IEC


1.4272John Wiley & Sons/Wiley-Verlag/Wiley-Liss




Blackberry Ltd.


28.05164IEEE




2.0367RELX Group

1.7315International Association for Cryptologic Research (IACR)




1.0178IET/IEE

1.0180Ziff-Davis






Bosch (Robert) GmbH24.52031IEEE

8.6714RELX Group


4.4363Amer Thoracic Soc

4.4366Am Diabetese Assoc

2.7222SAE-Society of Automobile Engineers

2.4198SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC

2.2186Georg Thiem Verlag KG

2.1175Wichtig Editore

2.0164Ziff-Davis


1.7139SPIE-Int Soc Opt Engineering

1.5126Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

1.2103Assoc Advancement Medical Instrumentation-AAMI

1.298Schattauer GmbH-Verlag Medizin Naturwissenchaften

1.296Molecular Diversity Preservation International

1.192Peter Peregrinus Ltd

1.191AMA-Am Medical Assoc

1.191Soc Science and the Public

1.188AAAS-Am Assoc Advancement Sci

1.188Lancet Ltd

1.081United Business Media/UBM Tech

1.087Miller Freeman

1.086College Amer Pathologists

1.087Australasian Med Publ Co Ltd

1.087Amer Soc Clinical Pathology

1.081Incisive Media


Broadcom Corp.57.616988IEEE


3.61067SMTA-Surface Mount Technology Association


2.4719IHS Publishing Group

1.8533Cahners-Denver Pub

1.6470IPC - Institute of Interconnecting and Packaging Electronic Circuits

1.5445GSM Association (standards org)

1.5441IET/IEE




1.0283RELX Group






Brother Industries Ltd26.398IEEE

8.331RELX Group


6.223IEICE-Inst Elec Info Comm Eng


5.621AVS-AIP Am Inst Physics

4.316ACS-Am Chem Soc


3.212Information Processing Society of Japan

3.011Nikkei Business Publications, Inc.

3.011SID-Society for Information Display

1.66IOP Publishing

1.66IET/IEE


1.66INST PURE APPLIED PHYSICS



Canon Inc

20.95458IEEE


13.53523RELX Group





2.3591Nature Publishing Group





1.3339Electrochemical Society

1.1286Am Physical Soc


1.0259MRS-Materials Research Soc







Ericsson41.311136IEEE






2.2602IET/IEE



1.3362RELX Group


Ford Motor Co.45.71934SAE-Society of Automobile Engineers

13.4568IEEE

11.0464RELX Group


2.4102American Automatic Control Council (AACC)

2.293Society of Automotive Engineers of Japan, Inc. (JSAE)

2.291ASME-Am Soc Mech Eng



1.146Royal Society of Chemistry

1.147Winter Simulation Conference Board of Directors



Fuji Film Holdings Corp16.61883IEEE


10.61204RELX Group

















Fujitsu Limited41.29411IEEE






3.6816RELX Group


2.7608IET/IEE

2.1469European Conference on Optical Communication (ECOC) Society

1.6359ATM Forum Standards Body



1.1247IEEE/JPN Soc App Phys



General Electric Company24.510472US Dept of Energy

12.85491IEEE

11.64959RELX Group

8.03433General Electric Co.










1.0418Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine (SMRM)

1.0420Radiological Soc North Am






General Motors Corp23.31308IEEE

19.21079RELX Group










1.164Automotive Industries


1.054IET/IEE


Google Inc.30.09744IEEE


5.41754RELX Group



2.2714World Wide Web Consortium


1.7555ACL - Association for Computational Linguistics



1.3418I S & T - SOC IMAGING SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY










Hewlett-Packard Co30.89089IEEE


4.91442RELX Group










1.2357Hewlett Packard Inc.





Hitachi Ltd

27.45653IEEE

7.01453RELX Group










1.7349Nikkei Business Publications, Inc.



1.3272IET/IEE








1.0203IBM Corp






Hon Hai Precision Industry Co. Ltd.15.7355AAAS-Am Assoc Advancement Sci


11.9269RELX Group


9.7218IEEE




2.864ROYAL SOC LONDON

1.944Sci American Inc


1.125IOP Publishing

1.124Science X Network


Honeywell International Inc.28.46070IEEE

15.23250RELX Group











1.2255IET/IEE





Huawei Technologies Company Ltd.


24.13563IEEE




2.1316Open Mobile Alliance (Standards Org)








Intel Corporation46.622531IEEE




2.91422RELX Group



1.4666IET/IEE






1.0478Intel Corp


International Business Machines Corp34.342797IEEE


4.96062RELX Group



2.42954IBM Corp

1.72088IP.Com






1.31591Very Large Data Base Endowment Inc. (VLDB Endowment)








Johnson & Johnson25.032564RELX Group





3.84978Blackwell Futura


2.93735Natl Acad Sciences

2.33003Am Soc Biochemistry Molec Biology

1.62114Amer Soc Microbiology

1.62045Amer Soc Pharmacology Experimental Ther


1.41871Cell Press

1.01366Mary Ann Liebert Inc.


1.01275SOC NEUROSCIENCE


Kyocera Corp.

51.21262IEEE


6.4157RELX Group



2.664IET/IEE




1.536Penton Media

1.536European Microwave Association




LG Electronics Inc.


24.76639IEEE

7.01872ISO-International Standards Organization



2.9782Audio Eng Soc

2.8746ISO/IEC

1.8473ATSC Std







Medtronic Inc19.522008RELX Group


7.78740IEEE




2.62952Am Assoc Neurological Surgeons

2.22518Am Physiological Soc




1.21385International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO)

1.21365KARGER, ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE



Microsoft Corporation32.748030IEEE


3.85554RELX Group








1.01449Very Large Data Base Endowment Inc. (VLDB Endowment)






Panasonic Corporation32.09323IEEE


6.92015RELX Group









1.4412ISO/IEC



1.3392IET/IEE


1.1318JPN Soc App Phys


Qualcomm Inc

44.727406IEEE




2.41481RELX Group





1.4858Telecomm Industry assoc-TIA

1.3821IET/IEE










Ricoh Co. Ltd.43.55387IEEE



5.2645RELX Group

3.9483International Association for Pattern Recognition (IAPR)





1.0126I S & T - SOC IMAGING SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY


Samsung Electronics Co Ltd37.910601IEEE


6.41791RELX Group










1.1314IET/IEE










Samsung SDI Co Ltd21.81357RELX Group






2.7168IEEE

2.4152IEC-International Electrotechnical Commission




1.7108Chem Soc Japan




1.062VCH Publishers


Seiko Epson Corporation

34.32999IEEE





6.5573RELX Group




1.7149IBM Corp






1.090IET/IEE






Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co. Ltd.32.737630SID-Society for Information Display


9.010329RELX Group


8.19305IEEE

4.45044Japan Soc Applied Physics/IEEE




2.42771CRC Press/Taylor & Francis



1.31539Korean Information Display Society (KIDS)



1.11322Nirim.org

1.11320R OLDENBOURG VERLAG


Sharp Corp

25.24039IEEE





4.3685RELX Group

3.5556ISO/IEC














Siemens Aktiengesellschaft30.58348IEEE

13.43679RELX Group






1.5417IOP Publishing






1.2324Acoust Soc Amer/Amer Inst Physics



1.1312Am Assoc Physicists Med/Am Inst Physics

1.0271IET/IEE

1.0280Amer Assoc Clin Chem


Sony Corp

44.710775IEEE


5.61341RELX Group







1.3313IET/IEE










Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co.36.76426IEEE


10.01745RELX Group






1.5260IOP Publishing




1.1191IET/IEE


Toshiba Corp39.38170IEEE


6.11272RELX Group










1.4298AACS-Advanced Access Content System



1.0218IET/IEE







Toyota Motor Corp19.61026RELX Group

17.8930IEEE




3.4180Amer Soc Plant Biologists





2.0107Am Soc Biochemistry Molec Biology






1.157Oxford Univ Press



